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15-449: VIPR can refer to: Volumetric Imaging and Processing of Integrated Radar Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR), a publicly available database and analysis resource for viral pathogens in the U.S Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response team (TSA program in the US) VIPR1 , a G protein-coupled receptor EMC ViPR ,

30-451: A product that was recently introduced, is mainly used to determine the probability of the presence of a tornado or tornadoes inside a tornadic vortex signature on the rear flank of the storm, to better alert potential high risk areas for tornadoes and to easily track them. With the help of radar data, mesoscale models and algorithms, it is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. The higher the BTI value is,

45-412: A software-defined storage offering Vastly undersampled Isotropic Projection Reconstruction of Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title VIPR . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

60-434: A storm which results in the accumulation of at least 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice on exposed surfaces. They are generally not violent storms but instead are commonly perceived as gentle rains occurring at temperatures just below freezing. The formation of ice begins with a layer of above-freezing air above a layer of sub-freezing temperatures closer to the surface. Frozen precipitation melts to rain while falling into

75-410: A volume scan. This data can be manipulated in a three-dimensional view by VIPIR. The result of this process is a three-dimensional image of the storm, which may be rotated and viewed from any angle. If imagery is zoomed in at an adequate range, actual weather satellite data can be superimposed. VIPIR images can be constructed from multiple sources, including Doppler weather radar and NEXRAD . It

90-476: Is easily capable of shutting down entire metropolitan areas. Additionally, the loss of power during ice storms has indirectly caused numerous illnesses and deaths due to unintentional carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning . At lower levels, CO poisoning causes symptoms such as nausea , dizziness , fatigue , and headache , but high levels can cause unconsciousness , heart failure , and death. The relatively high incidence of CO poisoning during ice storms occurs due to

105-457: Is used by television meteorologists to give a comprehensive view of weather, in particular severe weather events. Included in VIPIR are algorithms that analyze precipitation data in order to find signatures of severe thunderstorms, accumulation of rain or snow, and other weather patterns of interest. VIPIR automatically locates thunderstorms over the radar coverage area using algorithms analyzing

120-560: The United States, most ice storms occur in the northeastern region , but damaging storms have occurred farther south; an ice storm in February 1994 resulted in tremendous ice accumulation as far south as Mississippi, and caused reported damage in nine states. The freezing rain from an ice storm covers everything with heavy, smooth glaze ice . In addition to hazardous driving or walking conditions, branches or even whole trees may break from

135-489: The drops themselves do not freeze, a phenomenon called supercooling (or forming " supercooled drops "). When the supercooled drops strike ground or anything else below 0 °C (32 °F) (e.g. power lines, tree branches, aircraft), a layer of ice accumulates as the cold water drips off, forming a slowly thickening film of ice, hence freezing rain. While meteorologists can predict when and where an ice storm will occur, some storms still occur with little or no warning. In

150-451: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VIPR&oldid=1035659565 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Volumetric Imaging and Processing of Integrated Radar WSR-88D, or NEXRAD, Doppler weather radars scan at various elevations, creating

165-477: The more likely a tornado is on the ground. Shear markers from different colors are used with BTI values above 2. Yellow markers are used for values between 2 and 3.9, Orange markers are used for values between 4 and 6.9 and red markers are used for values over 7. Ice storm An ice storm , also known as a glaze event or a silver storm , is a type of winter storm characterized by freezing rain . The U.S. National Weather Service defines an ice storm as

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180-541: The use of alternative methods of heating and cooking during prolonged power outages, common after severe ice storms. Gas generators, charcoal and propane barbecues, and kerosene heaters contribute to CO poisoning when they operate in confined locations. CO is produced when appliances burn fuel without enough oxygen present, such as basements and other indoor locations. Loss of electricity during ice storms can indirectly lead to hypothermia and result in death. It can also lead to ruptured pipes due to water freezing inside

195-402: The warm air layer, and then begins to refreeze in the cold layer below. If the precipitate refreezes while still in the air, it will land on the ground as sleet . Alternatively, the liquid droplets can continue to fall without freezing, passing through the cold air just above the surface. This thin layer of air then cools the rain to a temperature below freezing (0 °C or 32 °F). However,

210-854: The water content of each storm, its motion and wind fields. Storms are classified according to certain criteria and ranked. The ones capable of producing a tornado are flagged by red or yellow cylinders according to the strength of the vortex as defined by the tornado vortex signature criteria similar to those the National Weather Service uses. To do this, it uses the presence of a BWER in reflectivity and atmospheric rotation picked up by Doppler weather radar . VIPIR tracks snowfall/rainfall accumulations. It has an extrapolation feature to predict snowfall totals in excess of 24 hours in advance using meteorological computer model outputs. The algorithm, called Snow Machine , forecasts several precipitation types: rain, sleet and wintry mix. The BTI,

225-564: The weight of ice. Falling branches can block roads, tear down power and telephone lines, and cause other damage. Even without falling trees and tree branches, the weight of the ice itself can easily snap power lines and also break and bring down power/utility poles; even electricity pylons with steel frames. This can leave people without power for anywhere from several days to a month. According to most meteorologists , just 0.25-inch (6.4 mm) of ice accumulation can add about 500 pounds (230 kg) of weight per line span. Damage from ice storms

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