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26-685: Administratively, VCEG is the informal name of Question 6 (Visual, audio and signal coding) of Working Party 3 (Audiovisual technologies and intelligent immersive applications) of ITU-T Study Group 16 (Multimedia and related digital technologies). Its abbreviated title is ITU-T Q.6/SG16, or more simply, ITU-T Q6/16. The goal of VCEG is to produce ITU-T Recommendations ( international standards ) for video coding and image coding methods appropriate for conversational (e.g. videoconferencing and video telephony ) and non-conversational (e.g., streaming , broadcast, file download, media storage/playback, or digital cinema ) audio/visual services. This mandate concerns

52-541: A future new standard with better compression capability. Wiegand has remained an associated rapporteur of VCEG since that time. In July 2006, the video coding work of the ITU-T led by VCEG was voted as the most influential area of the standardization work of the CCITT and ITU-T in their 50-year history. The image coding work that is now in the domain of VCEG was also highly ranked in the voting, placing third overall. In January 2010,

78-515: A group of audio and video coding formats and related technology agreed upon by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) ( ISO/IEC JTC 1 /SC29/WG11) under the formal standard ISO/IEC 14496 – Coding of audio-visual objects . Uses of MPEG-4 include compression of audiovisual data for Internet video and CD distribution, voice ( telephone , videophone ) and broadcast television applications. The MPEG-4 standard

104-449: A series of technologies for developers, for various service-providers and for end users: The MPEG-4 format can perform various functions, among which might be the following: MPEG-4 provides a large and rich set of tools for encoding. Subsets of the MPEG-4 tool sets have been provided for use in specific applications. These subsets, called 'Profiles', limit the size of the tool set a decoder

130-429: A specific set of capabilities to be defined in a manner appropriate for a subset of applications. Initially, MPEG-4 was aimed primarily at low- bit-rate video communications; however, its scope as a multimedia coding standard was later expanded. MPEG-4 is efficient across a variety of bit rates ranging from a few kilobits per second to tens of megabits per second. MPEG-4 provides the following functions: MPEG-4 provides

156-634: Is a statutory group of the ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) concerned with multimedia coding, systems and applications, such as video coding standards. It is responsible for standardization of the "H.26x" line of video coding standards, the "T.8xx" line of image coding standards, and related technologies, as well as various collaborations with the World Health Organization , including on safe listening ( H.870 ) accessibility of e-health ( F.780.2 ), it

182-787: Is also the parent body of VCEG and various Focus Groups, such as the ITU-WHO Focus Group on Artificial Intelligence for Health and its AI for Health Framework . Administratively, SG16 is a statutory meeting of the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which creates the ITU-T Study Groups and appoints their management teams. The secretariat is provided by the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (under Director Seizo Onoe ). WTSA instructed ITU to hold

208-417: Is part of Study Group 16, which is responsible for standards relating to multimedia service capabilities, and application capabilities (including those supported for next-generation networking). This encompasses multimedia terminals, systems (e.g., network signal processing equipment, multipoint conference units, gateways, gatekeepers, modems, and facsimile), protocols and signal processing (media coding). VCEG

234-571: Is required to implement. In order to restrict computational complexity, one or more 'Levels' are set for each Profile. A Profile and Level combination allows: MPEG-4 consists of several standards—termed "parts"—including the following (each part covers a certain aspect of the whole specification): Profiles are also defined within the individual "parts", so an implementation of a part is ordinarily not an implementation of an entire part. MPEG-1 , MPEG-2 , MPEG-7 and MPEG-21 are other suites of MPEG standards. MPEG-4 contains patented technologies,

260-587: Is responsible for the maintenance of) the following video compression formats: Starting in late 2006, VCEG has also been responsible for the ITU-T work on still image coding standards including the following: VCEG works on most of these image coding standards jointly with ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 1 (the Joint Photographic Experts Group / Joint Bi-level Image experts Group ). ITU-T Study Group 16 The ITU-T Study Group 16 ( SG16 )

286-500: The Global Standards Symposium as a part of the deliberations that is open to the public. The goal of SG16 is to produce Recommendations (international standards) for multimedia , including e.g. video coding , audio coding and image coding methods, such as H.264 , H.265 , H.266 , and JPEG , as well as other types of multimedia related standards such as F.780.2 , H.810 , and H.870 on safe listening, together with

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312-642: The MPEG-2 set of standards. The first digital video coding standard was H.120 , created by the CCITT (now ITU-T) in 1984. H.120 was not usable in practice, as its performance was too poor. H.120 was based on differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM), which had relatively inefficient compression. During the late 1980s, a number of companies began experimenting with the much more efficient motion-compensated block transform hybrid compression model for video coding. In 1994, Richard Shaphorst (Delta Information Systems) took over new video coding development in ITU-T with

338-455: The World Health Organization . It is also responsible for "the coordination of related studies across the various ITU-T SGs." Additionally, is also the lead study group on ubiquitous and Internet of Things (IoT) applications; telecommunication/ICT accessibility for persons with disabilities; intelligent transport system (ITS) communications; e-health; and Internet Protocol television (IPTV). Together with ITU-T Study Group 17 and AI for Good ,

364-428: The x264 encoder, Nero Digital AVC, QuickTime 7, Flash Video , and high-definition video media like Blu-ray Disc ). Most of the features included in MPEG-4 are left to individual developers to decide whether or not to implement. This means that there are probably no complete implementations of the entire MPEG-4 set of standards. To deal with this, the standard includes the concept of "profiles" and "levels", allowing

390-455: The H.26L project as it progressed to eventually become the H.264 standard after formation of a Joint Video Team (JVT) with MPEG in 2001, completing the first version of the standard in 2003. (In MPEG, the H.264 standard is known as MPEG-4 part 10.) After 2003, VCEG and the JVT developed several substantial extensions of H.264, produced H.271, and conducted exploration work toward the creation of

416-468: The Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) was created as a group of video coding experts from ITU-T Study Group 16 (VCEG) and ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 29 /WG 11 ( MPEG ) to develop a new generation video coding standard now known as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC, H.265, ISO/IEC 23008-2 and MPEG-H Part 2). In July 2014, Jill Boyce (then of Vidyo , later Intel )

442-903: The Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) in October 2015, later renaming it as the Joint Video Experts Team, which developed the Versatile Video Coding (VVC, H.266, ISO/IEC 23090-3 and MPEG-I Part 3) standard, completing the first version of the standard in July 2020. In January 2022, Yan Ye (of Alibaba ) was appointed as an associate rapporteur for VCEG. In 2023, VCEG began considering standardization of coding technology for biomedical and other waveform signals in collaboration with DICOM Working Group 32 (Neurophysiology data). The organization now known as VCEG has standardized (and

468-431: The launch of the project for developing H.324 . Schaphorst appointed Karel Rijkse (KPN Research) to chair the development of the H.263 video coding standard as part of that project. In 1996, Schaphorst then appointed Gary Sullivan ( PictureTel , 1999–2022 Microsoft , since 2023 Dolby ) to launch the subsequent "H.263+" enhancement project, which was completed in 1998. In 1998, Sullivan was made rapporteur (chairman) of

494-560: The maintenance and extension of existing video coding recommendations, and laying the ground for new recommendations using advanced techniques to significantly improve the trade-offs between bit rate, quality, delay, and algorithm complexity. Video coding standards are desired with sufficient flexibility to accommodate a diverse number of transport types (Internet, LAN , Mobile, ISDN , GSTN , H.222.0, NGN , etc.). In 2023, VCEG began working toward standardization of coding technology for biomedical signals and other waveform signals. Question 6

520-563: The question (group) for video coding in the ITU-T that is now called VCEG. After the H.263+ project, the group then completed an "H.263++" effort, produced H.263 Appendix III and H.263 Annex X, and launched the "H.26L" project with a call for proposals issued in January 1998 and a first draft design adopted in August 1999. In 2000, Thomas Wiegand ( Fraunhofer HHI ) was appointed as an associated rapporteur (vice-chairman) of VCEG. Sullivan and Wiegand led

546-404: The study group has been developing technology specifications under Trustworthy AI . Including items on homomorphic encryption , secure multi-party computation , and federated learning . MPEG-4 MPEG-4 is a group of international standards for the compression of digital audio and visual data, multimedia systems, and file storage formats. It was originally introduced in late 1998 as

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572-513: The use of which requires licensing in countries that acknowledge software algorithm patents . Over two dozen companies claim to have patents covering MPEG-4. MPEG LA licenses patents required for MPEG-4 Part 2 Visual from a wide range of companies (audio is licensed separately) and lists all of its licensors and licensees on the site. New licenses for MPEG-4 System patents are under development and no new licenses are being offered while holders of its old MPEG-4 Systems license are still covered under

598-519: Was appointed as an additional associated rapporteur for VCEG. Boyce remained in that role for seven years, stepping down as associated rapporteur in June 2021. In May 2015 the ITU celebrated its 150-year anniversary, and the work of VCEG was one of the five areas of standardization to be recognized by an "ITU 150 Award" as one of the most influential topics of ITU work. VCEG and MPEG created another partnership called

624-511: Was developed by a group led by Touradj Ebrahimi (later the JPEG president) and Fernando Pereira. MPEG-4 absorbs many of the features of MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 and other related standards, adding new features such as (extended) VRML support for 3D rendering, object-oriented composite files (including audio, video and VRML objects), support for externally specified digital rights management and various types of interactivity. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)

650-503: Was preceded in the ITU-T (which was called the CCITT at the time) by the "Specialists Group on Coding for Visual Telephony" chaired by Sakae Okubo ( NTT ) which developed H.261 . The first meeting of this group was held December 11–14, 1984, in Tokyo, Japan . Okubo was also the ITU-T coordinator for developing the H.262/MPEG-2 Part 2 video coding standard and the requirements chairman in MPEG for

676-547: Was standardized as an adjunct to MPEG-2 (as Part 1) before MPEG-4 was issued. MPEG-4 is still an evolving standard and is divided into a number of parts. Companies promoting MPEG-4 compatibility do not always clearly state which "part" level compatibility they are referring to. The key parts to be aware of are MPEG-4 Part 2 (including Advanced Simple Profile, used by codecs such as DivX , Xvid , Nero Digital , RealMedia , 3ivx , H.263 and by QuickTime 6) and MPEG-4 part 10 (MPEG-4 AVC/ H.264 or Advanced Video Coding, used by

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