119-406: Uyare ( transl. Up Above ) is a 2019 Indian Malayalam -language thriller film directed by Manu Ashokan (in his directorial debut), written by Bobby & Sanjay and produced by the sister-trio Shenuga, Shegna, and Sherga. The film stars Parvathy Thiruvothu , Asif Ali and Tovino Thomas with Siddique , Anarkali Marikar and Prathap Pothen in supporting roles. The story follows
238-528: A Bangalore -based makeup effects and FX company. Uyare was their first Malayalam film. The music of the film was composed by Gopi Sundar while the lyrics were written by Rafeeq Ahammed . The first look poster of Uyare was released on 27 February 2019, featuring Parvathy. The trailer of the movie was released on 17 April 2019. The film was released on 26 April 2019. It was the first Malayalam film and second Indian film to be released in South Korea . The film
357-509: A Bhashya (language) where "Dravida and Sanskrit should combine together like ruby and coral, without the least trace of any discord". The scripts of Kolezhuthu and Malayanma were also used to write Middle Malayalam . In addition to Vatteluthu and Grantha script , those were used to write Old Malayalam . The literary works written in Middle Malayalam were heavily influenced by Sanskrit and Prakrit , while comparing them with
476-497: A hyperlink format and Parvathy won good reviews for her small role as Aditi. She then signed on for the lead role in Bharat Bala 's romantic drama Maryan , opposite Dhanush . The director had seen her performance in Poo and subsequently auditioned her for the part, with Parvathy noting that the character was the best she has played to date. She portrayed Panimalar, a girl in love with
595-512: A 7th century poem written by the Tamil poet Sambandar the people of Kerala are referred to as malaiyāḷar (mountain people). The word Malayalam is also said to originate from the words mala , meaning ' mountain ', and alam , meaning ' region ' or '-ship' (as in "township"); Malayalam thus translates directly as 'the mountain region'. The term Malabar was used as an alternative term for Malayalam in foreign trade circles to denote
714-473: A Tamil film directed by Ramesh Aravind , starring Kamal Haasan . The film featured an ensemble cast, including K. Balachander , Jayaram , Urvashi and Andrea Jeremiah . Parvathy played a key role in this experimental film, which combined elements of mythology, theatre, and personal redemption, further showcasing her versatility. Her final release of 2015 was Charlie , where she starred alongside Dulquer Salmaan, Aparna Gopinath and Nedumudi Venu . The film,
833-494: A Tamil refugee girl, calling her "brilliant" and a "dynamo." After the film, Parvathy voluntarily took a break, choosing to be more selective with her roles moving forward. After a two-year break from films, Parvathy made her comeback in 2013 with the Kannada romantic film Andhar Bahar co-starring Shivrajkumar , which told the story of the relationship between a newly married criminal and his wife. She dubbed in her own voice for
952-505: A backdrop of rural life in Kerala. The film received positive reviews from both critics and audiences, praised for its storytelling, strong performances, and beautiful cinematography. In 2019, Parvathy appeared in Uyare , directed by debutant Manu Ashokan. In the film, she played the role of Pallavi Raveendran, an aspiring pilot whose life takes a drastic turn after surviving an acid attack. The film
1071-469: A canonical word order of SOV (subject–object–verb), as do other Dravidian languages . A rare OSV word order occurs in interrogative clauses when the interrogative word is the subject. Both adjectives and possessive adjectives precede the nouns they modify. Malayalam has 6 or 7 grammatical cases . Verbs are conjugated for tense, mood and aspect, but not for person, gender nor number except in archaic or poetic language. The modern Malayalam grammar
1190-516: A central role as a student activist, addressing themes of social justice and political unrest. The film received praise for its topical relevance and Parvathy’s strong performance as a committed activist. Aanum Pennum, an anthology film , explored three different stories set across distinct periods in Kerala's history, each examining gender roles and dynamics. The segments were directed by Aashiq Abu, Venu , and Jay K. Parvathy’s contribution as Rachiyamma added depth to this anthology, which delved into
1309-518: A dating app and embark on a road trip across India. The film was well-received for its refreshing take on relationships, and Parvathy’s performance as Jaya, a reserved widow, was praised for bringing emotional depth and authenticity to her character. This film marked an important milestone in her career, showcasing her ability to transition into Hindi cinema seamlessly while maintaining her signature style of acting. In 2018, Parvathy appeared in My Story ,
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#17328815078321428-887: A director at the 50th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) , held from 20 to 28 November 2019. It was included in The Hindu 's top 25 Malayalam films of the decade and is widely regarded as one of the defining movies of the New Wave Movement . Pallavi Raveendran's ambition is to become a pilot. She gets admission into a pilot training centre in Mumbai. Her busy schedule causes her to clash with her rude boyfriend Govind Balakrishnan's demanding nature. After he pressures her to abandon her classes, and insults her in front of her friends, she angrily tells him to get out of her life. Next morning Govind tries to speak with Pallavi but she refuses. In revenge Govind throws acid on her face. As her eyesight
1547-668: A distinct language due to geographical separation of Kerala from the Tamil country and the influence of Sanskrit and Prakrit from the Nambudiri Brahmins of the Malabar Coast . The Old Malayalam language was employed in several official records and transactions (at the level of the Chera Perumal kings, as well as the upper-caste ( Nambudiri ) village temples). Most of the inscriptions in Old Malayalam were found from
1666-501: A distinct literary language from the western coastal dialect of Middle Tamil and the linguistic separation completed sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries. The renowned poets of Classical Tamil such as Paranar (1st century CE), Ilango Adigal (2nd–3rd century CE), and Kulasekhara Alvar (9th century CE) were Keralites . The Sangam works can be considered as the ancient predecessor of Malayalam. Some scholars however believe that both Tamil and Malayalam developed during
1785-553: A fabulous way." Film critic Veeyen wrote: "The structural elements of ‘Uyare’ are bound to be familiar and the genre expectations are all in place, in that it has all the essential prerequisites of a survivor story. And yet, it's a story that needs to be told, time and again, in a world that has turned a bit too dark with relationships that have gone all adrift." Litty Simon from Malayala Manorama rated 4 out of 5 stars and wrote that, "The biggest strength of Uyare lies in its screenplay with minimal yet powerful dialogues. by Sanjay-Bobby
1904-399: A family drama directed by Christo Tomy , Parvathy portrayed Anju, a complex character dealing with deep personal struggles amidst family secrets and grief. Critics praised her performance, describing her portrayal of Anju as "raw and edgy" while balancing the emotional turmoil of her character. Parvathy's scenes with co-star Urvashi were particularly highlighted, with reviews noting how much of
2023-583: A fellow female actor. She also demanded the resignation of Babu and urged other members of the body to seek the same. In 2024, she criticized Netflix 's decision to withdraw Annapoorani from its platform, following its controversies. Responding to the film's removal, Parvathy expressed her concerns on her Instagram stories, stating, "A dangerous precedent being set. Censoring left, right, and 'centre' until we won't be allowed to breathe." Parvathy's characters in Take Off and Uyare, are recognized as some of
2142-530: A group of pregnant women navigating the challenges of impending motherhood, featured an ensemble cast that included Nadiya Moidu , Nithya Menen , Padmapriya Janakiraman and Amruta Subhash . The story focused on themes of sisterhood and personal growth, with Parvathy playing a significant role in the exploration of these ideas. The film was well-received for its focus on women’s experiences and its collaborative, supportive narrative structure. In 2023, Parvathy made her return to Hindi cinema with Kadak Singh ,
2261-607: A light-hearted adventure-drama, was a major commercial success and went on to win eight Kerala State Film Awards. Parvathy's role as Tessa, a free-spirited young woman on a quest to find a mysterious vagabond, was highly praised for its depth and liveliness. For her performances in both Charlie and Ennu Ninte Moideen , she won the Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress, as well as the Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam for Ennu Ninte Moideen , making 2015 one of
2380-620: A literary language. The Malayalam script began to diverge from the Vatteluttu and the Western Grantha scripts in the 8th and 9th centuries of Common Era . By the end of the 13th century, a written form of the language emerged which was unique from the Vatteluttu script that was used to write Tamil on the eastern coast. Old Malayalam ( Paḻaya Malayāḷam ), an inscriptional language found in Kerala from circa 9th to circa 13th century CE,
2499-574: A lot of its words from various foreign languages: mainly from the Semitic languages including Arabic , and the European languages including Dutch and Portuguese , due to the long heritage of Indian Ocean trade and the Portuguese-Dutch colonization of the Malabar Coast . Variations in intonation patterns, vocabulary, and distribution of grammatical and phonological elements are observable along
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#17328815078322618-486: A mother complains that Pallavi's disfigured face is scaring her child. Vishal tries to tell her that she can be anything she wants, but she shuts him down. After the flight, Vishal decides to take up the challenge and puts forward the idea of hiring her as cabin crew. His father turns down the idea, but Vishal announces his decision to hire an acid-attack survivor at a press conference, giving his father no way to back out. Vishal calls her, expecting her to be grateful, but she
2737-533: A paraplegic radio jockey, was widely appreciated for its depth and sensitivity. Her performance received critical acclaim for bringing authenticity and warmth to the character, earning her several accolades, including the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Malayalam . In 2015, Parvathy appeared in Ennu Ninte Moideen which narrated the tragic love tale of Kanchanamala and Moideen which happened in
2856-461: A passenger and tries to talk to her. He asks her to withdraw her complaint, saying that it will ruin his future. An angry Pallavi throws a glass of cold water on his face. After landing, Govind files a complaint against her. Vishal asks her to apologize, but she refuses, saying that she will react the same way if such an incident happens again. Vishal is forced to sack her, and gives her notice. That night, Pallavi's father beats Govind up. The next day,
2975-484: A plane at least once in her life. During the flight, a boy thanks her for saving his father, who had been on the affected flight. Pallavi is surprised to see most of the passengers present were in the affected flight. Vishal is also seen with them. Manu started as an assistant director to Rajesh Pillai . While working in Pillai's Traffic in 2011, Manu interacted with its writers Bobby & Sanjay . According to Manu, it
3094-622: A prominent role in Puzhu , a psychological drama directed by Ratheena , where she starred alongside Mammootty . The film delved into complex themes of caste, power, and morality, and Parvathy’s role added depth to the tense narrative. The project marked her first collaboration with Mammootty, and their on-screen dynamic was noted for its powerful emotional undertones. Additionally, in 2022, Parvathy appeared in Wonder Women , an Indian English-language film directed by Anjali Menon. The film, cantered around
3213-432: A psychological thriller directed by Aniruddha Roy Chowdhury . She played the role of a head nurse who interacts with Pankaj Tripathi 's character, a man suffering from retrograde amnesia . Although her role had limited screen time, her character played a key part in the story's development. The film received mixed reviews, with criticism focused on its slow pacing and predictable plot. The same year, Parvathy ventured into
3332-426: A romantic drama directed by Roshni Dinaker . She was paired with Prithviraj Sukumaran in this film, marking their second collaboration after Ennu Ninte Moideen . While the film did not perform as well as expected at the box office, Parvathy's performance was noted for her natural portrayal of emotion and her chemistry with Prithviraj. The film's unique narrative structure and lavish cinematography were appreciated, but
3451-685: A spirit of brotherhood. മനുഷ്യരെല്ലാവരും തുല്യാവകാശങ്ങളോടും അന്തസ്സോടും സ്വാതന്ത്ര്യത്തോടുംകൂടി ജനിച്ചിട്ടുള്ളവരാണ്. അന്യോന്യം ഭ്രാതൃഭാവത്തോടെ പെരുമാറുവാനാണ് മനുഷ്യന് വിവേകബുദ്ധിയും മനസാക്ഷിയും സിദ്ധമായിരിക്കുന്നത്. manuṣyarellāvaruṁ tulyāvakāśaṅṅaḷōṭuṁ antassōṭuṁ svātantryattōṭuṅkūṭi janicciṭṭuḷḷavarāṇŭ. anyōnyaṁ bhrātr̥bhāvattōṭe perumāṟuvānāṇŭ manuṣyanŭ vivēkabuddhiyuṁ manasākṣiyuṁ siddhamāyirikkunnatŭ. /manuʂjaɾellaːʋaɾum t̪uljaːʋakaːʃaŋŋaɭoːʈum an̪t̪assoːʈum sʋaːt̪an̪tɾjat̪t̪oːʈuŋkuːʈi d͡ʒanit͡ʃt͡ʃiʈʈuɭɭaʋaɾaːɳɨ̆ ǁ anjoːnjam bʱraːt̪rɨ̆bʱaːʋat̪t̪oːʈe peɾumaːruʋaːnaːɳɨ̆ manuʂjanɨ̆ ʋiʋeːkabud̪d̪ʱijum manasaːkʂijum sid̪d̪ʱamaːjiɾikkun̪ːat̪ɨ̆ ǁ/ Malayalam has
3570-454: A startling statement to the media, when asked if she agreed to be a part of the film because of her co-star Dhanush, who became popular through the song Why This Kolaveri Di . She replied that she did not know Dhanush before Maryan . She was inaccurately referred to as Parvathy Menon after an interview post the release of Milana (2007), since the interviewer did not know her last name. In 2015, Pavarthy brought to limelight that her last name
3689-578: A surprise selection for the film and began working on the film in April 2007. The film won mixed reviews, but the actress's role was praised with a critic noting she "has been a wonderful selection for the role", adding that "she has that right attitude for the role". The film went on to become a big commercial success, running for 500 days at a multiplex in Bangalore. She returned to the Malayalam industry portraying
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3808-415: A young Tamil village girl named Maari. She revealed that director Sasi selected her after a successful audition, and she learned Tamil to better understand the character. To acclimatize to the role, she had to get her skin tone several shades darker and also visited a firework factory to study Maari's occupation. The actress revealed she found it difficult get out of character and became emotionally attached to
3927-431: Is "almost entirely Parvathy's film" noting that "she's superb", while Malathi Rangarajan of The Hindu wrote, "Parvathy makes optimum use and plays a rustic belle to the hilt in attire and expression, also getting the body language right." The actress subsequently went on to win the Filmfare Award for Best Tamil Actress , while also securing other accolades and nominations from several other award juries, notably winning
4046-543: Is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry ( Mahé district ) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was designated a " Classical Language of India " in 2013. Malayalam has official language status in Kerala, Lakshadweep and Puducherry ( Mahé ), and is also the primary spoken language of Lakshadweep. Malayalam
4165-459: Is actually Thiruvothu and not Menon. Parvathy was one of the first actors in Indian cinema to openly state that films with misogynistic dialogues and characters should not be encouraged. She named the veteran actor Mammootty 's film Kasaba , as one such film. She requested that senior actors like Mammootty, who is much respected and has a wide fan following, should henceforth refrain from acting in such films that have misogynistic stereotypes for
4284-752: Is also a considerable Malayali population in the Persian Gulf regions, especially in Dubai , Kuwait and Doha . For the consonants and vowels, the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) symbol is given, followed by the Malayalam character and the ISO 15919 transliteration. The current Malayalam script bears high similarity with Tigalari script , which was used for writing the Tulu language , spoken in coastal Karnataka ( Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts) and
4403-537: Is also credited with developing the Malayalam script into the current form through the intermixing and modification of the erstwhile scripts of Vatteluttu , Kolezhuthu , and Grantha script , which were used to write the inscriptions and literary works of Old and Middle Malayalam. He further eliminated excess and unnecessary letters from the modified script. Hence, Ezhuthachan is also known as The Father of modern Malayalam . The development of modern Malayalam script
4522-801: Is an Indian actress who predominantly works in Malayalam and Tamil films. She is a recipient of several accolades including a National Film Award , two Kerala State Film Awards and five Filmfare Awards South . Parvathy debuted her acting career with the Malayalam film Out of Syllabus in 2006, and gained critical acclaim for her performance in the Tamil romantic drama Poo (2008). She rose to prominence with her roles in Bangalore Days (2014), Ennu Ninte Moideen (2015) and Charlie (2015). Her success continued with acclaimed performances in Take Off (2017), Uyare (2019), Virus (2019), and Puzhu (2022). For her performance in Take Off , she won
4641-412: Is based on the book Kerala Panineeyam written by A. R. Raja Raja Varma in late 19th century CE. The declensional paradigms for some common nouns and pronouns are given below. As Malayalam is an agglutinative language, it is difficult to delineate the cases strictly and determine how many there are, although seven or eight is the generally accepted number. Alveolar plosives and nasals (although
4760-512: Is crisp and well etched by director Manu. Uyare is highly engaging right from the beginning to end. S. R. Praveen from The Hindu felt that "predictability is a problem" [in the film] and was also critical about the background score. He however praised Parvathy's performance, writing: "Despite the minor quibbles, ‘Uyare’ soars high on Parvathy's wings." Malayalam Malayalam ( / ˌ m æ l ə ˈ j ɑː l ə m / ; മലയാളം , Malayāḷam , IPA: [mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] )
4879-484: Is furious for publicizing her story without her consent. Afterwards, her father convinces her to give him a chance and she agrees, training as an air hostess. On her first flight, she is given a hug by a passenger, which comforts her amongst the stares of other passengers. Vishal starts developing feelings for her and confesses them. Pallavi turns him down saying she treasures his friendship and does not want to ruin it by romanticizing it. On her next flight, Govind boards as
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4998-512: Is influenced by Tamil. Labels such as "Nampoothiri Dialect", "Mappila Dialect", and "Nasrani Dialect" refer to overall patterns constituted by the sub-dialects spoken by the subcastes or sub-groups of each such caste. The most outstanding features of the major communal dialects of Malayalam are summarized below: Malayalam has incorporated many elements from other languages over the years, the most notable of these being Sanskrit and later, English. According to Sooranad Kunjan Pillai who compiled
5117-533: Is one of the founding members of Women in Cinema Collective , the organization for the welfare of women workers in the Malayalam movie industry. In 2019, Parvathy criticized Arjun Reddy and Kabir Singh at a roundtable organised by Film Companion for glorifying misogyny, abuse, and toxic masculinity in the films at the International Film Festival of India (IFFI). Her comments against both
5236-651: Is phonemic and all of the vowels have minimal pairs for example kaṭṭi "thickness", kāṭṭi "showed", koṭṭi "tapped", kōṭṭi "twisted, stick, marble", er̠i "throw", ēr̠i "lots" Some speakers also have /æː/, /ɔː/, /ə/ from English loanwords e.g. /bæːŋgɨ̆/ "bank" but most speakers replace it with /aː/, /eː/ or /ja/; /oː/ or /aː/ and /e/ or /a/. The following text is Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights . All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in
5355-412: Is reduced by the injuries, her flight license is revoked. Govind is arrested, but the case is dismissed for lack of evidence. Pallavi returns home but her friend at the academy requests her to accompany her on a flight for moral support. She meets Vishal Rajashekharan, an influential and charismatic businessman, who is also the son of the airline's owner, on the flight. She has to move to another seat when
5474-456: Is sometimes disputed by scholars. They regard the Chera Perumal inscriptional language as a diverging dialect or variety of contemporary Tamil . The oldest extant literary work in Malayalam distinct from the Tamil tradition is Ramacharitam (late 12th or early 13th century). The earliest script used to write Malayalam was the Vatteluttu script . The current Malayalam script is based on
5593-555: Is spoken by 35 million people in India. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with a significant number of speakers in the Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka , and Kanyakumari , Coimbatore and Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken by the Malayali Diaspora worldwide, especially in the Persian Gulf countries , due to
5712-531: Is the Malayalam Varthamanappusthakam , written by Paremmakkal Thoma Kathanar in 1785. Robert Caldwell describes the extent of Malayalam in the 19th century as extending from the vicinity of Kumbla in the north where it supersedes with Tulu to Kanyakumari in the south, where it begins to be superseded by Tamil , beside the inhabited islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea . In
5831-438: Is the earliest attested form of Malayalam. The beginning of the development of Old Malayalam from a western coastal dialect of Middle Tamil can be dated to circa 8th century CE. It remained a west coast dialect until circa 9th century CE or a little later. The origin of Malayalam calendar dates back to year 825 CE. It is generally agreed that the western coastal dialect of Tamil began to separate, diverge, and grow as
5950-674: The saṁvr̥tōkāram , which is not officially a vowel, and not as actual vocalic consonants) have been classified as vowels: vocalic r ( ഋ , /rɨ̆/ , r̥), long vocalic r ( ൠ , /rɨː/ , r̥̄), vocalic l ( ഌ , /lɨ̆/ , l̥) and long vocalic l ( ൡ , /lɨː/ , l̥̄). Except for the first, the other three have been omitted from the current script used in Kerala as there are no words in current Malayalam that use them. Some authors say that Malayalam has no diphthongs and /ai̯, au̯/ are clusters of V+glide j/ʋ while others consider all V+glide clusters to be diphthongs /ai̯, aːi̯, au̯, ei̯, oi̯, i̯a/ as in kai, vāypa, auṣadhaṁ, cey, koy and kāryaṁ Vowel length
6069-430: The 16th century , when it was known as "Malayayma" or "Malayanma"; the words were also used to refer to the script and the region . According to Duarte Barbosa , a Portuguese visitor who visited Kerala in the early 16th century CE, the people in the southwestern Malabar coast of India from Kumbla in north to Kanyakumari in south had a unique language, which was called "Maliama" by them. Prior to this period ,
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#17328815078326188-582: The Gulf Cooperation Council territories. As of 21 June 2019, Uyare is the third highest-grossing Malayalam film of 2019 in the United States and the rest-of-India territories, behind Lucifer and Kumbalangi Nights . It grossed $ 93,597 (₹64.98 lakh) in the US in eight weeks. In May first week, Uyare was ranked among the top 10 best grossing films of that week in the multiplexes in India. However, in
6307-959: The Middle East , the United States, and Europe. There were 179,860 speakers of Malayalam in the United States, according to the 2000 census, with the highest concentrations in Bergen County, New Jersey , and Rockland County, New York . There are 144,000 of Malayalam speakers in Malaysia . There were 11,687 Malayalam speakers in Australia in 2016. The 2001 Canadian census reported 7,070 people who listed Malayalam as their mother tongue, mainly in Toronto . The 2006 New Zealand census reported 2,139 speakers. 134 Malayalam speaking households were reported in 1956 in Fiji . There
6426-610: The Namboothiri and Nair dialects have a common nature, the Arabi Malayalam is among the most divergent of dialects, differing considerably from literary Malayalam. Jeseri is a dialect of Malayalam spoken mainly in the Union territory of Lakshadweep and Beary is spoken in Tulu Nadu which are nearer to Kerala. Of the total 33,066,392 Malayalam speakers in India in 2001, 33,015,420 spoke
6545-824: The National Film Award – Special Mention . Beyond acting, she is an outspoken advocate for gender equality and a founding member of the Women in Cinema Collective . Parvathy was born on 7 April 1988 in Kozhikode , Kerala , to P. Vinod Kumar and T. K. Usha Kumari, who are both lawyers. She has a brother, Aum Thiruvothu Karunakaran. During her schooling years, her family moved to Thiruvananthapuram and she pursued her studies there. After finishing school from Kendriya Vidyalaya, Pangode , she completed her B.A. in English Literature from All Saints College, Thiruvananthapuram . She
6664-522: The Pathinettara Kavikal (Eighteen and a half poets) in the court of the Zamorin of Calicut , also belong to Middle Malayalam. The literary works of this period were heavily influenced by Manipravalam , which was a combination of contemporary Tamil and Sanskrit . The word Mani-Pravalam literally means Diamond-Coral or Ruby-Coral . The 14th-century Lilatilakam text states Manipravalam to be
6783-529: The Vijay Award for Best Actress . In 2014, Parvathy appeared in Bangalore Days , directed by Anjali Menon , which became a major commercial success, with reports claiming as "one of the biggest hits in the history of Malayalam cinema". The film featured an ensemble cast, including Dulquer Salmaan , Nivin Pauly , Fahadh Faasil , Nazriya Nazim , Nithya Menen and Isha Talwar . Parvathy's performance as RJ Sarah,
6902-406: The Vijay Award for Best Debut Actress . Her only release in 2009 was the Kannada film, Male Barali Manju Irali , directed by Vijayalakshmi Singh, where she dubbed for the role in her own voice. Parvathy accepted the venture, which featured mostly rookie technicians, noting that she was impressed by the director's script and revealed she had turned down several offers from Tamil filmmakers during
7021-574: The Voiced retroflex approximant (/ɻ/) which is seen in both Tamil and the standard form of Malayalam, are not seen in the northern dialects of Malayalam, as in Kannada . For example, the words Vazhi (Path), Vili (Call), Vere (Another), and Vaa (Come/Mouth), become Bayi , Bili , Bere , and Baa in the northern dialects of Malayalam. Similarly the Malayalam spoken in the southern districts of Kerala, i.e., Thiruvananthapuram - Kollam - Pathanamthitta area
7140-583: The Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan . As per the 1991 census data, 28.85% of all Malayalam speakers in India spoke a second language and 19.64% of the total knew three or more languages. Just before independence, Malaya attracted many Malayalis. Large numbers of Malayalis have settled in Chennai , Bengaluru , Mangaluru , Hyderabad , Mumbai , Navi Mumbai , Pune , Mysuru and Delhi . Many Malayalis have also emigrated to
7259-459: The northern districts of Kerala , those lie adjacent to Tulu Nadu . Old Malayalam was mostly written in Vatteluttu script (with Pallava/Southern Grantha characters). Old Malayalam had several features distinct from the contemporary Tamil, which include the nasalisation of adjoining sounds, substitution of palatal sounds for dental sounds, contraction of vowels, and the rejection of gender verbs. Ramacharitam and Thirunizhalmala are
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#17328815078327378-725: The 13th and 14th centuries of the Common Era . The Sandesha Kavya s of 14th century CE written in Manipravalam language include Unnuneeli Sandesam . Kannassa Ramayanam and Kannassa Bharatham by Rama Panikkar of the Niranam poets who lived between 1350 and 1450, are representative of this language. Ulloor has opined that Rama Panikkar holds the same position in Malayalam literature that Edmund Spenser does in English literature . The Champu Kavyas written by Punam Nambudiri, one among
7497-476: The 16th century CE, Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan from the Kingdom of Tanur and Poonthanam Nambudiri from the Kingdom of Valluvanad , followed the new trend initiated by Cherussery in their poems. The Adhyathmaramayanam Kilippattu and Mahabharatham Kilippattu , written by Ezhuthachan, and Jnanappana , written by Poonthanam, are also included in the earliest form of Modern Malayalam. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan
7616-503: The 1960s in Mukkam , a riverside village in Kerala. The film opened to critical acclaim, with several critics regarding it as one of the greatest romance films made in Malayalam. Parvathy's performance was acclaimed critically and commercially. She went onto win many accolades most notably her first Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam . The same year she appeared in Uttama Villain ,
7735-571: The Dravidian or South-Indian Family of Languages" , opined that literary Malayalam branched from Classical Tamil and over time gained a large amount of Sanskrit vocabulary and lost the personal terminations of verbs. As the language of scholarship and administration, Old-Tamil, which was written in Tamil-Brahmi and the Vatteluttu alphabet later, greatly influenced the early development of Malayalam as
7854-643: The United Kingdom, it grossed just £637 (₹58,095) in two weeks. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), the film grossed $ 355,336 in the opening weekend (2 – 5 May) and was the best opener and the second best grossing film of that weekend (behind Avengers: Endgame ). It grossed $ 647,059 in six weeks run in the UAE. The film was released on 9 May in Australia and New Zealand , grossing $ 3,041 and $ 2,937 respectively in
7973-572: The Vatteluttu script, which was extended with Grantha script letters to adopt Indo-Aryan loanwords. It bears high similarity with the Tigalari script , a historical script that was used to write the Tulu language in South Canara , and Sanskrit in the adjacent Malabar region . The modern Malayalam grammar is based on the book Kerala Panineeyam written by A. R. Raja Raja Varma in late 19th century CE. The first travelogue in any Indian language
8092-456: The authoritative Malayalam lexicon, the other principal languages whose vocabulary was incorporated over the ages were Arabic , Dutch , Hindustani , Pali , Persian , Portuguese , Prakrit , and Syriac . Malayalam is a language spoken by the native people of southwestern India and the islands of Lakshadweep in the Arabian Sea . According to the Indian census of 2011, there were 32,413,213 speakers of Malayalam in Kerala, making up 93.2% of
8211-521: The authorship of the medieval work Keralolpathi , which describes the Parashurama legend and the departure of the final Cheraman Perumal king to Mecca , to Thunchaththu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan. Kunchan Nambiar introduced a new literary form called Thullal , and Unnayi Variyar introduced reforms in Attakkatha literature . The printing, prose literature, and Malayalam journalism , developed after
8330-464: The betterment of the society at large. Her viewpoint came under much criticism and she became the victim of cyber-bullying. She was viciously trolled and abused on various online platforms by Mammootty fans, two of them were arrested by Kerala police following a complaint from her. She had also spoken about the reality of Islamophobia in the industry, even in her films like Ennu Ninte Moideen and Take off , deciding not to repeat such mistakes. She
8449-448: The captain of Pallavi's flight collapses. The co-pilot is inexperienced and panics. Pallavi takes control of the flight, although she is still unable to see in one eye. Over the protests of the control tower, she lands the flight safely. Govind attempts suicide when he realises that the verdict of the case will be unfavourable for him. On the morning of her last flight, Pallavi meets Vishal and thanks him for giving her an opportunity to fly
8568-434: The devastating effects of the virus on the lives of those affected, while also showcasing the efforts of healthcare workers and government officials to contain the outbreak. Parvathy played Dr. Annu, a pivotal role in the film, contributing to the narrative with a restrained yet powerful performance. Both the film and Parvathy’s role were well-received by critics and audiences, with the film praised for its realistic portrayal of
8687-411: The development of the two languages out of "Proto-Dravidian" or "Proto-Tamil-Malayalam" either in the prehistoric period or in the middle of the first millennium A.D. , although this is generally rejected by historical linguists. The Quilon Syrian copper plates of 849/850 CE are considered by some to be the oldest available inscription written in Old Malayalam . However, the existence of Old Malayalam
8806-499: The early Middle Tamil period, thus making independent descent impossible. For example, Old Tamil lacks the first and second person plural pronouns with the ending kaḷ . It is in the Early Middle Tamil stage that kaḷ first appears: Indeed, most features of Malayalam morphology are derivable from a form of speech corresponding to early Middle Tamil. Robert Caldwell , in his 1856 book " A Comparative Grammar of
8925-513: The early 19th century CE. The earliest extant literary works in the regional language of present-day Kerala probably date back to as early as the 12th century . At that time, the language was differentiated by the name Kerala Bhasha . The earliest mention of Malayalam as a language is found outside of Kerala in the 15th century Telugu work Śrībhīmēśvarapurāṇamu by Śrīnātha. The distinctive "Malayalam" named identity of this language appears to have come into existence in Kerala only around
9044-457: The evolving roles of men and women across generations. In Aarkkariyam, a thriller directed by Sanu Varghese , Parvathy starred alongside Biju Menon and Sharaf U Dheen in a film set against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic . The story revolves around secrets uncovered within a family, and Parvathy’s performance was well-received for its subtlety and emotional nuance. In 2022, she took on
9163-440: The film again, revealing that she chose to star in the film as the role had scope for her to perform. The film received positive reviews, with one critic noting "Parvathy lights up the screen whenever she appears and is a delight to watch". She was next seen in the 2013 Tamil thriller , Chennaiyil Oru Naal , featuring her alongside an ensemble cast. The film, a remake of the 2011 Malayalam film Traffic , has its narrative in
9282-421: The film itself faced criticism for its pacing and screenplay. Following My Story , Parvathy's next release in 2018 was Koode , directed by Anjali Menon. This marked her third collaboration with Prithviraj and her second with both Anjali Menon and Nazriya Nazim, who was making her comeback after a four-year break. Koode is an emotional drama that explores themes of family, loss, and personal growth, set against
9401-717: The film's tension and emotion were conveyed through their interactions, often without words. Her performance earned her the Best Performance (Female) award at the Indian Film Festival of Melbourne . In Thangalaan , a Tamil period drama directed by Pa. Ranjith and set during the British colonial era in the Kolar Gold Fields , Parvathy portrayed Gangamma , a central character in a narrative that explored themes of oppression, caste dynamics, and exploitation. Her performance
9520-585: The films were met with a lot of appreciation and many pointed out that she was brave enough to address the issue in front of the film's lead actor, Vijay Deverakonda . Later, Deverakonda criticized social media trollers during an interview for blowing the issue out of proportion while simultaneously emphasising how much he respected Parvathy and her work. In October 2020, she resigned from the Association of Malayalam Movie Artists (AMMA) to protest against General Secretary Edavela Babu 's controversial remarks about
9639-434: The final round but won her first National Film Award – Special Mention . She also secured her second Kerala State Film Award for Best Actress and another Filmfare Award for Best Actress – Malayalam. Parvathy made her Bollywood debut in 2017, starring opposite Irrfan Khan in the romantic comedy Qarib Qarib Singlle . Directed by Tanuja Chandra , the film follows the journey of two contrasting individuals who meet through
9758-406: The first frame to the last, Uyare is an exercise in restrained, sensitive filmmaking." Gautam S. of Deccan Chronicle wrote: "Uyare is an engaging and inspirational movie, which will remain in our hearts. It flies high on a gratifying script and performances." Sify.com rated the film 4 on a scale of 5 and wrote that the film is "an overwhelming experience that narrates a highly relevant issue in
9877-498: The large populations of Malayali expatriates there. They are a significant population in each city in India including Mumbai , Bengaluru , Chennai , Delhi , Hyderabad etc. The origin of Malayalam remains a matter of dispute among scholars. The mainstream view holds that Malayalam descends from a western coastal dialect of early Middle Tamil and separated from it sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries. A second view argues for
9996-528: The latter-half of the 18th century CE. Modern literary movements in Malayalam literature began in the late 19th century with the rise of the famous Modern Triumvirate consisting of Kumaran Asan , Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer and Vallathol Narayana Menon . In the second half of the 20th century, Jnanpith winning poets and writers like G. Sankara Kurup , S. K. Pottekkatt , Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai , M. T. Vasudevan Nair , O. N. V. Kurup , and Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri , had made valuable contributions to
10115-510: The leading female role in Sibi Malayil 's Flash with Mohanlal and Indrajith , and prior to release revealed that she hoped the film would give a breakthrough as a lead actress in the industry. However, the film failed commercially and garnered poor reviews on release. Parvathy was selected to play the lead role in Sasi 's Poo (2008) and featured alongside Srikanth , portraying the role of
10234-519: The life of Pallavi Raveendran (Parvathy), an aviation student who survives an acid attack that jeopardizes her career. Filming that began in November 2018 was completed by the end of January 2019. Uyare was released in India on 26 April 2019. It received widespread critical acclaim and was a major box office success of the year in Malayalam. It was nominated for the Best Debut Feature Film of
10353-501: The makers decided on Parvathy Thiruvothu for the leading role. She agreed, and used a prosthetic make-up to create the appearance of the acid burn. She had to wear this four hours prior to the shooting, and used the prosthetic make-up for almost 70 percent of the film. On the challenges of doing the role, Parvathy said: "this is the kind of trauma one cannot ever relate to unless a person goes through it. The nervousness of not ever knowing if I am capturing their pain, confusion and trauma in
10472-462: The modern Malayalam literature . The Middle Malayalam was succeeded by Modern Malayalam ( Aadhunika Malayalam ) by 15th century CE. The poem Krishnagatha written by Cherusseri Namboothiri , who was the court poet of the king Udaya Varman Kolathiri (1446–1475) of Kolathunadu , is written in modern Malayalam. The language used in Krishnagatha is the modern spoken form of Malayalam. During
10591-628: The modern Malayalam script does not distinguish the latter from the dental nasal ) are underlined for clarity, following the convention of the National Library at Kolkata romanization . Vocative forms are given in parentheses after the nominative , as the only pronominal vocatives that are used are the third person ones, which only occur in compounds. വിഭക്തി സംബോധന പ്രതിഗ്രാഹിക സംബന്ധിക ഉദ്ദേശിക പ്രായോജിക ആധാരിക സംയോജിക Parvathy Thiruvothu Parvathy Thiruvothu Kottuvattaa (born 7 April 1988), known mononymously as Parvathy ,
10710-399: The modern Malayalam literature. The life and works of Edasseri Govindan Nair have assumed greater socio-literary significance after his death and Edasseri is now recognised as an important poet of Malayalam. Later, writers like O. V. Vijayan , Kamaladas , M. Mukundan , Arundhati Roy , and Vaikom Muhammed Basheer , have gained international recognition. Malayalam has also borrowed
10829-500: The most significant years in her career. In 2016, Parvathy reprised her role as RJ Sarah in Bangalore Naatkal , the Tamil remake of the 2014 Malayalam hit Bangalore Days . Directed by Bommarillu Bhaskar , the film was a faithful adaptation of the original, focusing on the lives of three cousins navigating life and relationships in Bangalore. While the film followed the same narrative as the Malayalam version, it did not replicate
10948-653: The northernmost Kasargod district of Kerala. Tigalari script was also used for writing Sanskrit in Malabar region . Malayalam has also borrowed the Sanskrit diphthongs of /ai̯/ (represented in Malayalam as ഐ , ai) and /au̯/ (represented in Malayalam as ഔ , au) although these mostly occur only in Sanskrit loanwords. Traditionally (as in Sanskrit), four vocalic consonants (usually pronounced in Malayalam as consonants followed by
11067-562: The opening weekend, and a total of $ 10,146 and $ 3,809 from two weeks. It collected $ 216 in the opening weekend in Nigeria . As of June 2019, Uyare remains in the top 50 highest-grossing films of the year in Nigeria and it is the only Malayalam film in the list. Rating the film 4.5 on a scale of 5 and describing the film as "poignant" and "classy", Sajin Shrijith of The New Indian Express said, "From
11186-639: The outbreak and the collaborative effort required to manage such a crisis. In 2020, Parvathy made a cameo appearance in Halal Love Story , a satirical comedy directed by Zakariya Mohammed . The film revolves around a group of aspiring filmmakers attempting to create a film that aligns with their religious values. Although her role was brief, the film received positive reviews for its humour and social commentary. The following year, Parvathy had three releases: Varthamanam , Aanum Pennum and Aarkkariyam . In Varthamanam, directed by Siddhartha Siva , she played
11305-633: The parameters of region, religion, community, occupation, social stratum, style and register. According to the Dravidian Encyclopedia, the regional dialects of Malayalam can be divided into fifteen dialect areas. They are as follows: According to Ethnologue, the dialects are: Malabar, Nagari-Malayalam, North Kerala, Central Kerala, South Kerala, Kayavar, Namboodiri , Nair , Mappila , Beary , Jeseri , Yerava , Pulaya, Nasrani , and Kasargod . The community dialects are: Namboodiri , Nair , Arabi Malayalam , Pulaya, and Nasrani . Whereas both
11424-621: The people of Kerala usually referred to their language as "Tamil", and both terms overlapped into the colonial period . Due to the geographical isolation of the Malabar Coast from the rest of the Indian peninsula due to the presence of the Western Ghats mountain ranges which lie parallel to the coast, the dialect of Old Tamil spoken in Kerala was different from that spoken in Tamil Nadu . The mainstream view holds that Malayalam began to grow as
11543-443: The period who had wanted to cast her in roles similar to her character from Poo . The film won rave reviews, with a critic noting "Parvathy steals the show" and that "she comes with one of the most absorbing performances", adding that "her level of commitment to the role could be gauged by the way she has taken pains to dub in an alien language almost perfectly." In 2010, Parvathy reunited with Puneet Rajkumar for Prithvi , which
11662-410: The possible literary works of Old Malayalam found so far. Old Malayalam gradually developed into Middle Malayalam ( Madhyakaala Malayalam ) by the 13th century CE. Malayalam literature also completely diverged from Tamil literature during this period. Works including Unniyachi Charitham , Unnichiruthevi Charitham , and Unniyadi Charitham , are written in Middle Malayalam , and date back to
11781-493: The prehistoric period from a common ancestor, "Proto-Tamil-Malayalam", and that the notion of Malayalam being a "daughter" of Tamil is misplaced. This is based on the fact that Malayalam and several Dravidian languages on the Western Coast have common archaic features which are not found even in the oldest historical forms of literary Tamil. Despite this, Malayalam shares many common innovations with Tamil that emerged during
11900-501: The right way was always there. No matter how many survivors that you speak to, the trauma cannot be internalised". Filming that began in November 2018 was completed by the end of January 2019. It was shot in Kochi and Dhule . Part of the film was shot at Sheroes Hangout in Agra , a cafe run by acid attack survivors. Prosthetic makeup was done by Zuby Johal and Rajiv Subba of Dirty Hands Studio,
12019-413: The role she had played. Upon release, the film and her performance won rave reviews. A critic from Sify.com noted "Parvathy has lived in the role of Maari and takes your breath away as she effortlessly delivers such a difficult role so convincingly on her debut in Tamil", adding that "she is consistently credible and lifelike and absolutely riveting." Similarly, Rediff.com 's reviewer mentioned that Poo
12138-533: The single largest linguistic group accounting for 35.5% in the Virajpet Taluk. Around one-third of the Malayalis in Kodagu district speak the Yerava dialect according to the 2011 census, which is native to Kodagu and Wayanad . In all, Malayalis made up 3.22% of the total Indian population in 2011. Of the total 34,713,130 Malayalam speakers in India in 2011, 33,015,420 spoke the standard dialects, 19,643 spoke
12257-578: The southwestern coast of the Indian peninsula, which also means The land of hills . The term originally referred to the western hilly land of the Chera dynasty (later Zamorins and the Kingdom of Cochin ), Kingdom of Ezhimala (later Kolathunadu ), and Ay kingdom (later Travancore ), and only later became the name of its language. The language Malayalam was alternatively called Alealum , Malayalani , Malayali , Malabari , Malean , Maliyad , Mallealle , and Kerala Bhasha until
12376-486: The standard dialects, 19,643 spoke the Yerava dialect and 31,329 spoke non-standard regional variations like Eranadan . The dialects of Malayalam spoken in the districts like Kasaragod , Kannur , Wayanad , Kozhikode , and Malappuram in the former Malabar District have few influences from Kannada . For example, the words those start with the sound "V" in Malayalam become "B" in these districts as in Kannada . Also
12495-500: The success of the Malayalam version. However, Parvathy's performance as RJ Sarah remained consistent, though the film's overall impact was less significant compared to the original. Take Off , released in 2017, was one of the major performances in Parvathy's career. Directed by Mahesh Narayan and starring Kunchacko Boban and Fahadh Faasil, the film received widespread acclaim, with praise from celebrities like Kamal Haasan. The film
12614-458: The three main roles from five thousand applicants. She was also seen in Sathyan Anthikkad 's comedy-drama film, Vinodayathra (2007), playing a supporting role alongside an ensemble cast including Dileep , Mukesh and Meera Jasmine . Her first leading role was in the Kannada film Milana , which became a commercial success upon release. Pairing alongside Puneet Rajkumar , she was
12733-501: The titular character Maryan, who inspires him to overcome his struggles. During production, Parvathy worked with fishermen to get into the mind of her character, while also learning to swim to perform the film's underwater scenes. The film was a critical and commercial success upon its release in June 2013. A reviewer from Sify.com noted Parvathy "leaves a lasting impression", while another critic noted that she "is totally in sync with Dhanush all
12852-573: The total number of Malayalam speakers in India, and 97.03% of the total population of the state. There were a further 701,673 (1.14% of the total number) in Karnataka , 957,705 (2.70%) in Tamil Nadu , and 406,358 (1.2%) in Maharashtra . The number of Malayalam speakers in Lakshadweep is 51,100, which is only 0.15% of the total number, but is as much as about 84% of the population of Lakshadweep. Malayalam
12971-426: The way; she has matched him step for step, never allowing him to overshadow her." The Times of India ' s noted "Parvathy is the other pillar of the film, and comes up with a scintillating performance", adding "it is such a pleasure to watch her portray various emotions". Her portrayal as Panimalar made received her multiple nominations for Best Actress, most notably the Filmfare Award for Best Actress - Tamil and
13090-642: The world of web series with Dhootha , a supernatural thriller on Amazon Prime Video . Directed by Vikram Kumar and starring Naga Chaitanya , the series centres around inanimate objects that possess sinister powers. She portrayed DCP Kranthi Shenoy, a strict investigative officer tasked with solving mysterious deaths linked to supernatural events. The series received mixed reviews, with praise for its suspenseful atmosphere but criticism for its disjointed narrative. In 2024, Parvathy delivered two notable performances in Ullozhukku and Thangalaan . In Ullozhukku ,
13209-543: Was a successful television anchor at Kiran TV , a full-time music channel based in Thiruvananthapuram. She is also a trained Bharatanatyam dancer. Parvathy made her acting debut in the 2006 Malayalam film Out of Syllabus , portraying a supporting role as a college student. Her second venture, Rosshan Andrrews ' Notebook , won media attention due to its theme on teenage pregnancy. She appeared alongside Roma Asrani and Mariya Roy , after being picked for one of
13328-439: Was also heavily influenced by the Tigalari script , which was used to write Sanskrit , due to the influence of Tuluva Brahmins in Kerala. The language used in the Arabi Malayalam works of the 16th–17th century CE is a mixture of Modern Malayalam and Arabic . They follow the syntax of modern Malayalam, though written in a modified form of Arabic script , which is known as Arabi Malayalam script . P. Shangunny Menon ascribes
13447-595: Was based on the political landscape of Karnataka. The director has earmarked her for the role while writing the script and the media highlighted their collaboration, following the success of Milana . Although the film opened to positive reviews, critics pointed out that Parvathy’s character had limited scope, noting that "she was mostly confined to the songs". In 2011, she starred in Lijo Jose Pellissery ’s City of God , which garnered mixed reviews. Despite its commercial failure, critics praised her performance as
13566-477: Was praised as "feisty" and impactful, with critics noting her ability to bring depth and strength to the role of a strong, caring mother. Despite these strong performances, the film received mixed reviews. While it was praised for its bold political commentary and visually striking moments, the slow pacing and convoluted storytelling were noted as drawbacks. Parvathy, who played Dhanush's love interest in Maryan , gave
13685-622: Was screened at international festivals, including the International Film Festival of India and the International Film Festival of Kerala , and enjoyed a theatrical run of over 125 days. Parvathy's performance earned her the IFFI Best Actor Award (Female) , making her the first Indian actress to win the Silver Peacock award. She was also nominated for the National Film Award for Best Actress , where she lost to Sridevi in
13804-508: Was screened at the International Children's Film Festival of Kerala (ICFFK). It was nominated for the Best Debut Feature Film of a director at the 50th International Film Festival of India (IFFI) , held from 20 to 28 November. In 10 days, the film grossed ₹9.4 crore worldwide, with ₹5.1 crore from Kerala alone. It collected ₹15 crore worldwide in 17 days, with ₹9 crore from India and ₹5 crore (with more than 50,000 admissions) from
13923-543: Was the most spoken language in erstwhile Gudalur taluk (now Gudalur and Panthalur taluks) of Nilgiris district in Tamil Nadu which accounts for 48.8% population and it was the second most spoken language in Mangalore and Puttur taluks of South Canara accounting for 21.2% and 15.4% respectively according to 1951 census report. 25.57% of the total population in the Kodagu district of Karnataka are Malayalis , and they form
14042-422: Was two years ago that Bobby & Sanjay asked him if he would like to direct a story they have written based on an acid attack survivor. After Pillai's death in 2016, Manu was looking to direct a film himself. Bobby & Sanjay agreed to develop the subject into a script. The film was produced by sisters Sherga, Shegna, and Shenuga—daughters of producer P. V. Gangadharan —under the company S Cube Films. Early on,
14161-406: Was well received both critically and commercially, and Parvathy’s portrayal of Pallavi was praised by both critics and audiences for its emotional depth and sensitivity. Her second release in 2019 was Aashiq Abu 's Virus , a medical thriller based on the real-life Nipah virus outbreak that occurred in Kerala in 2018. Produced by Rima Kallingal , the film featured an ensemble cast and explored
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