The Olkolo or Koko-olkola' are an Indigenous Australian people of central and eastern Cape York Peninsula in northern Queensland . According to Norman Tindale , they are to be distinguished from the Kokangol , higher up on the Alice River watershed .
43-627: Olkola belongs to the Kunjen branch of the Southwestern Paman languages , as is mutually intelligible with Uw Oykangand, one of the other dialects of that group. The Olkolo are the traditional owners of some 2,400 square miles (6,200 km) extending from the Middle Coleman River , as far south as Crosbie River., and including the western margins of the Quinkan region . The Olkolo are one of
86-466: A $ 1-million prize in addition to the Sole Survivor title; some seasons (particularly earlier seasons) have included additional prizes offered during the game, such as a car, as well as fan-favorite prizes awarded at the finale. All contestants are paid on a sliding scale based on the order they were voted out: the first player voted out has been given US$ 2,500 and the amount increases from there. Some of
129-627: A Reality or Reality-Competition Program four consecutive times after the award was introduced in 2008. In 2007, the series was included in Time magazine's list of the 100 greatest TV shows of all time. In 2013, TV Guide ranked it at #39 on its list of the "60 Best Series of All Time". In May 2024, the series was renewed for the 2024–25 television season for its 47th and 48th seasons, continuing with 90-minute episodes. Season 47 premiered on September 18, 2024. Season 48 will premiere on February 26, 2025. The first American season of Survivor followed
172-534: A broadcaster, ultimately producing Expedition Robinson in 1997. The show was a success, and plans for international versions were made. Mark Burnett intended to be the person to bring the show to the United States, though he viewed the Swedish version as a bit crude and mean-spirited. Burnett retooled the concept to use better production values, based on his prior Eco-Challenge show, and wanted to focus more on
215-549: A nearby island. Once on the beach, he would have asked a teenager to borrow his skateboard in the same manner as the " Hey Kid, Catch! " Coke commercial with Mean Joe Greene , with Probst doing some tricks on the skateboard before tossing it back. However, Probst had no idea how to ride a skateboard and even after some basic training, he could not complete the trick for filming. Production opted to eliminate that transition for San Juan del Sur , and they eliminated any similar transitions for future seasons. Beginning with season 41 ,
258-402: A positive improvement to the show, giving them more diverse stories to tell as well as increasing viewership of the series in other countries outside the U.S. Survivor was consistently one of the top 20 most watched shows through its first 23 seasons. It has not broken the top 20 since. Probst acknowledged that Kelly Kahl , the current president of CBS , had been a significant proponent of
301-510: A ratings success, leading to its ongoing run. The American version of Survivor has been shot in many locations around the world since the first season, usually favoring warm and tropical climates. Starting with season 19 , two seasons have filmed back-to-back in the same location, to be aired in the same broadcast year. Since season 33 , the show has been filmed in the Mamanuca Islands of Fiji. From The Australian Outback to Island of
344-468: A spear." Udnga-nhdh spear- INSTR yanganyunyja-rr spear- PST ay I Udnga-nhdh yanganyunyja-rr ay spear- INSTR spear-PST I "I speared it with a spear." Kunjen has 5 vowels : There is a lexical vowel harmony constraint in Kunjen: Close and mid vowels do not co-occur in a word. Kunjen has 27 consonants : The Uw Olkola word for the freshwater crocodile , ogakor ,
387-416: A summer replacement show in 2000. Starting with the third season, Survivor: Africa , there have been two seasons aired during each American television season. Starting with the 41st season, no subtitle has been used in promotion of the season. Instead, the show began following a number format similar to Big Brother and The Amazing Race . In the first season, there was a 75-person crew. By season 22,
430-448: Is highly notable. As in many other Australian languages , such as Dyirbal , Kunjen also has a respect register , which is a polite way of speaking with a potential mother-in-law and is called Olkel-Ilmbanhthi . Most of the vocabulary is replaced, while affixes and function words are kept. Alka-nhdh spear- INSTR idu-rr spear- PST ay I Alka-nhdh idu-rr ay spear- INSTR spear-PST I "I speared it with
473-500: The Wii and Nintendo DS . The game would require players to participate in various challenges like those in the reality shows in order to win. Various soundtracks have been released featuring music composed by Russ Landau , including soundtracks for seasons 9 through 27 (with the exception of season 14). The Tiki Twirl thrill ride at California's Great America in Santa Clara, California
SECTION 10
#1732923094853516-510: The Idols , which was filmed in front of a live studio audience but taped four hours in advance due to the controversy surrounding contestant Dan Spilo's behavior, and Survivor: Winners at War , where a video conferencing event was used during the broadcast of the final episode due to the COVID-19 pandemic . The final episode of the latter did not include the live reunion, except for a brief moment at
559-401: The Idols , the show's run ended with a live reveal of the winner with votes read in front of a live studio audience, followed by a reunion show, hosted by Jeff Probst. Reunion shows for the first three seasons were hosted by Bryant Gumbel and the fourth season by Rosie O'Donnell . Jeff Probst took over hosting of the reunion shows starting with the fifth season. Between Africa and One World,
602-523: The Kawadji, or sandbeach people, who harvested the maritime resources available to them as coastal dwellers opposite the Coral Sea . Traditionally, the rhythm of their foraging depended on the climatic changes over two seasons, the dry season that arrived with the south-east trade winds, blowing from April through to November, followed by the northwest monsoon season, beginning in late November/early December. During
645-873: The Musgrave police station. The ambushed Olkolo fled and sought refuge in swamps, where they were gunned down, in one of 5 such massacres that took place in 1889. Olkola language Kunjen , or Uw , is a Paman language spoken on the Cape York Peninsula of Queensland , Australia, by the Uw Oykangand , Olkola , and related Aboriginal Australian peoples. It is closely related to Kuuk Thaayorre , and perhaps Kuuk Yak . Two of its dialects, Uw Olkola (Olgolo) and Uw Oykangand (Koko Wanggara), are very close, being mutually intelligible and sharing 97% of their core vocabulary . Another two, Ogh-Undjan and Kawarrangg , are also close, but somewhat more distant from
688-475: The Swedish television series Expedition Robinson created by Charlie Parsons which premiered in 1997. The American series premiered on May 31, 2000, on CBS . It is hosted by Jeff Probst , who is also an executive producer along with Mark Burnett and the original creator, Parsons. Survivor places a group of people in an isolated location, where they must provide food, fire, and shelter for themselves. The contestants compete in challenges including testing
731-403: The U.S., and is considered one of the best shows of the 2000s (decade). The series has been nominated for 63 Emmy Awards , including winning for Outstanding Sound Mixing in 2001, Outstanding Special Class Program in 2002, and was subsequently nominated four times for Outstanding Reality-Competition Program when the category was introduced in 2003. Probst won the award for Outstanding Host for
774-476: The United States and Australia. Seasons of Australian Survivor were also added to Paramount+ in the United States and Australia after CBS acquired Network 10 in 2017. Survivor was added to Pluto TV , ViacomCBS's free Internet television service, as a standalone channel along on September 1, 2020. The 2001 PC video game Survivor: The Interactive Game , developed by Magic Lantern and published by Infogrames , allows players to play and create characters for
817-430: The ability to exile a player from a tribe for a short time on "Exile Island", hidden immunity idols that players can use to save themselves or others at Tribal Council, special voting powers which can be used to influence the result at Tribal Council, the chance to return to regular gameplay after elimination through "Redemption Island", "Edge of Extinction" or "The Outcast Tribe" twists, special advantages to help players in
860-419: The beginning of the episode where all 20 contestants appeared together on screen from their homes, and promo for the upcoming 41st season, which had not filmed at that time. As part of this, up through Survivor: Cagayan , the production of the last part of the recorded final Tribal Council showed Probst taking the urn or container containing the votes and traveling with it by some means, transitioning this to
903-465: The case of Survivor: China winner Todd Herzog . According to Probst, the limitation was due to the rights that Mark Burnett and CBS had on the Survivor format, limiting it to contestants with American citizenship. The rules were changed mid-2018 to allow Canadian citizens to participate, with Tom Laidlaw being as the first Canadian citizen cast for Island of the Idols . When Survivor launched,
SECTION 20
#1732923094853946-695: The completion of May sweeps . At the end of each American Survivor season from Survivor: Africa onward, various Survivor props and memorabilia are auctioned online for charity. The most common recipient has been the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation . Most recently, proceeds have gone toward The Serpentine Project, a charity founded by Jeff Probst, dedicated to helping those transitioning out of foster care upon emancipation at 18 years of age. Items up for auction have included flags, mats, tree mails, contestant torches, contestant clothing, autographed items, immunity idols and
989-443: The contestants' physical abilities like running and swimming or their mental abilities like puzzles and endurance challenges for rewards and immunity from elimination. The contestants are progressively eliminated from the game as they are voted out by their fellow contestants until only two or three remain. At that point, the contestants who were eliminated vote for the winner. They are given the title of "Sole Survivor" and are awarded
1032-454: The crew had grown to 325 people. A total of 715 contestants have competed on Survivor ' s 47 seasons. The original idea of Survivor was developed by Charlie Parsons in 1994 under the name Castaway . Parsons formed Planet24 with Bob Geldof to produce the show and tried to have the BBC broadcast it, but the network turned it down. Parsons went to Swedish television and was able to find
1075-482: The dry season, they would occasionally move inland to cull vegetables and timber, but otherwise spent the major part of the year camped on the shores. By 1889, Olkolo people could be found in camps south of their traditional grounds, in the Coen area. One descendant, Willy Long of Laura recalled several decades later a massacre, from which his parents survived, which took place by 40 troopers under Sub-Inspector Urquhart from
1118-629: The first pair. Kokinj (Kokiny) is a subdialect of Ogh-Undjan. A fifth variety, Athima , is poorly attested. Below is a table showing the mutual intelligibility in vocabulary between the Kunjen dialects, based on a list of 100 basic words. A small dictionary of Kunjen has been compiled by Philip Hamilton. A great majority of words begin with a vowel (>96%), similar to the situation in distantly-related Arrernte . Exceptions include kinship terms and loanwords. Syllable onsets are thought to be present in all languages , so their absence in native lexicon
1161-444: The game a 'Terrible' score of 2.0 out of 10, saying "If you're harboring even a tiny urge to buy this game, please listen very carefully to this advice: Don't do it." Likewise, IGN gave the game a 'Painful' 2.4 out of 10, stating "It is horribly boring and repetitive. The graphics are weak and even the greatest Survivor fan would break the CD in two after playing it for 20 minutes." The game
1204-453: The game based on the Borneo or Australian Outback cast members. The game also includes a character creation system for making custom characters. Gameplay consists of choosing survivors' skills (fishing, cooking, etc.), forming alliances, developing relationships with other tribe members, and voting off competitors at tribal council. The game was very poorly received by critics. GameSpot gave
1247-412: The game like an extra vote, steal a vote, idol nullifier, or a shot in the dark and a final four fire-making challenge as of season 35. The United States version is produced by Mark Burnett and hosted by Jeff Probst , who also serves as an executive producer. Each competition is called a season, has a unique name, and lasts from 13 to 16 episodes. The first season, Survivor: Borneo , was broadcast as
1290-459: The grand prize of $ 1,000,000 ($ 2,000,000 in Winners at War ). The American version has been very successful. From the 2000–01 through the 2005–06 television seasons, its first 11 seasons (competitions) rated among the top 10 most-watched shows. It is commonly considered the leader of American reality TV because it was the first highly-rated and profitable reality show on broadcast television in
1333-430: The human drama experienced while under pressure. Burnett spent about a year trying to find a broadcaster that would take the show, retooling the concept based on feedback. On November 24, 1999, Burnett made his pitch to Les Moonves of CBS , and Moonves agreed to pick up the show. The first season, Survivor: Borneo , was filmed during March and April 2000, and was first broadcast on May 31, 2000. The first season became
Olkolo - Misplaced Pages Continue
1376-542: The live show and suggesting a type of continuity between events; for example Survivor: The Amazon appeared to have Probst jet-ski from the Amazon rainforest directly to New York City where the live show was held. According to Probst, they had also filmed a similar sequence for the 29th season Survivor: San Juan del Sur : he had paddled out on a canoe from the location in Nicaragua, and then paddling into Venice, California from
1419-422: The merge form the game's "jury". Once the group gets down to two or three people, a Final Tribal Council is held where the remaining players plead their case to the jury members. The jury then votes for which player should be considered the "Sole Survivor" and win the show's grand prize. In all seasons for the United States version (excluding Survivor: Winners at War whose winner won $ 2 million), this has included
1462-678: The minimum age requirement was 21 years old; one exception was made for Michael "Frosti" Zernow who competed on Survivor: China while 20 years old. In 2008, the age requirement was reduced to 18 years old, with Survivor: Tocantins 's Spencer Duhm being the first 18-year-old to play. The age limit was further reduced to 16-year-olds in 2020. In 2020, after criticism of inadequate inclusion on several reality shows, CBS president George Creeks mandated that 50% of all of CBS's reality show participants are to be black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). This includes contestants featured on Survivor from Survivor 41 . Probst has said to have been
1505-420: The other tribe to attend "Tribal Council", where they must vote off one of their tribemates. Signaling the halfway point in the game, survivors from both tribes come together to live as one, making it to the "merge". At this point, survivors will compete against each other to win individual immunity; winning immunity prevents that player from being voted out at Tribal Council. Most players that are voted out after
1548-713: The reunion locations alternated between Central Park , Madison Square Garden and the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City (home to the CBS's The Late Show franchise) and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles . The reunion show continued to be filmed at CBS Television City from Philippines to Island of the Idols . The exceptions to the above outlined live reunion were for Survivor: Island of
1591-527: The same general format as the Swedish series. Sixteen or more players, split between two or more "tribes", are taken to a remote isolated location (usually in a tropical climate) and are forced to live off the land with meager supplies for 39 days (42 in The Australian Outback , 26 in post- COVID seasons). Frequent physical and mental challenges are used to pit the teams against each other for rewards, such as food or luxuries, or for "immunity", forcing
1634-583: The seasons that have featured returning players have increased these amounts: Survivor: All-Stars featured payouts starting at US$ 5,000 , while Winners at War had a minimum US$ 25,000 payout. All players are offered US$ 10,000 for participating in the finale show. The American version has introduced numerous modifications, or "twists", on the core rules in order to keep the players on their toes and to prevent players from relying on strategies that succeeded in prior seasons. These changes have included tribal switches, seasons starting with more than two tribes,
1677-537: The show. When Survivor had launched, Kahl, then vice-president of scheduling, took a risk and moved the show's second season to Thursdays in competition with NBC's Friends . Survivor won viewership numbers over Friends , giving Kahl significant sway within CBS to continue supporting Survivor . Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of the United States version of Survivor on CBS . Note : Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with
1720-885: The voting urn. The success of Survivor spawned a wide range of merchandise from the first season. While early items available were limited to buffs, water bottles, hats, T-shirts, and other typical souvenir items, the marketability of the franchise has grown tremendously. Today, fans can find innumerable items, including computer and board games , interactive online games, mugs, tribal-themed jewelry , beach towels, dog tags, magnets, multi-function tools, DVD seasons, Survivor party kits, insider books, soundtracks, and more. Seasons 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were released in stores. The remaining seasons have been released exclusively on Amazon.com through their CreateSpace manufacture on demand program. Select seasons have also been released on Blu-ray . All seasons are available on Paramount+ , ViacomCBS 's over-the-top subscription streaming service in
1763-583: The winner was revealed on location during the final tribal council, which was previously done in the original season ( Borneo ), as the producers were unsure on the ability to have a live finale due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The vote reveal was then followed by a Survivor After Show special with the finalists and the jury instead of a live reunion. Early seasons of Survivor were limited to United States citizens, and have required Canadian-American dual citizens to give up their Canadian citizenship to compete, as in
Olkolo - Misplaced Pages Continue
1806-428: Was the recipient of Game Revolution 's lowest score of all time, an F−. An 'interactive review' was created specially for the game, and features interactive comments like "The Survival periods are about as much fun as" followed by a drop-down menu, "watching paint dry/throbbing hemorrhoids/staring at air/being buried alive." On November 4, 2009, it was announced that a second video game adaptation would be released for
1849-457: Was used as the name of a tribe on the second season of the American reality television series, Survivor in 2001. This Australian Aboriginal languages -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Survivor (U.S. TV series) Survivor is the American version of the international Survivor reality competition television franchise, itself derived from
#852147