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60-507: The building's glass facade wraps the structure of the building like a tensioned membrane. Circular ventilation elements in the form of individually opening windows enable natural ventilation and provide a reference to the outside world by making the background noise noticeable even on the upper floors. The tower with 50,200 m (540,000 sq ft) is flanked by four seven-storey buildings (approximately 8,525 m (91,760 sq ft) each) referred to as "campus" which are connected by

120-458: A citizens' vote on November 21, 2004 preventing the construction of other buildings of this height in Munich. It was planned by the architects Ingenhoven, Overdiek ( Düsseldorf ) and built from 2001 to 2004. The cuboid structure has been much disputed. In November 2004, a referendum in Munich was held to decide whether the construction of high-rise buildings in the inner city should be prohibited; as

180-780: A fountain building by Adolf von Hildebrand ). Within the park, a number of pavilions - palaces en miniature - were built: The architecture of the garden pavilions was influential for other architecture in Germany. So the Wittelsbach Falkenlust Palace was built in the style of the Amalienburg while the Pagodenburg served as prototype for the building of the same name in Rastatt . The main building alone has more than 300,000 visitors per year. Nymphenburg Palace has as many visitors as

240-564: A lifelong friendship. Today, Nymphenburg is open to the public but also continues to be a home and chancery for the head of the House of Wittelsbach , currently Franz, Duke of Bavaria . The palace, together with its park, is now one of the most famous sights of Munich. The baroque facades comprise an overall width of about 700 metres. Some rooms still show their original baroque decoration while others were later redesigned in rococo or neoclassical style. The Steinerner Saal (Stone Hall) in

300-402: A result, several building projects had to be changed substantially or given up completely. However, as of 2006, due to the very close result of the referendum and because the referendum's result was binding only for one year, there is an ongoing discussion in the city council on how to proceed with future building plans. In August 2006, the skyscraper and one of the campus buildings was bought by

360-816: A stay in Venice , the Austrian authorities refused to allow the Electress to return to Bavaria and forced her into exile, which lasted ten years. Maximilian Emanuel went also into exile to Compiègne after on 29 April 1706, an Imperial ban was imposed on him, as he again had been defeated at the Battle of Ramillies a few days earlier. Only in 1715 was the family reconciled. After reaching his majority in August 1715, Charles undertook an educational tour to Italy from 3 December 1715 to 24 August 1716. In 1717, he served among Bavarian auxiliaries in

420-414: A transparent roof. A fifth building houses 139 apartments. With its simple rectangular shape, the tower was perceived by some as anti-aesthetic. In particular, it provoked criticism that it interfered with the historic vista from Nymphenburg Palace . Uptown Munich was probably one of the main triggers for the efforts of the initiative "Our Munich" initiated by ex-mayor Georg Kronawitter, which culminated in

480-612: Is buried in the crypt of the Theatinerkirche in Munich. His heart was separately buried in the Shrine of Our Lady of Altötting . Georg Philipp Telemann composed his requiem "I was Hoping for Light". King Frederick the Great of Prussia wrote in 1746, "This death robbed me of the emperor, who was my friend". Charles' brother Klemens August was more pro-Austrian, and Charles' son and successor Maximilian III Joseph made peace with Austria. With

540-544: Is located in one of the houses of the northern roundabouts and can be visited only by written appointment. In the adjoining Outer South Wing of the castle is a restaurant with beer garden. The Inner Northern Pavilion , the later so-called Crown Prince Building , is generally inaccessible. Here was Max Emanuel's appartement de parade and its representative rooms are today used by the Wittelsbach Compensation Fund . The upper floors serve as living quarters for

600-521: Is the Drechsel Cabinet (turnery cabinet) of Maximilian III Joseph , designed by François de Cuvilliés. Three rooms further to the north were created under Charles Theodore with the widening of the gallery wing. In the first room there are now more portraits of ladies from the Great Gallery of Beauties of Max Emanuel, the second one is decorated with a pile rug with the coats of arms of Bavaria and

660-622: The Archduchy of Austria and briefly gained hold of the Bohemian throne . In 1742, he was elected emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. He ruled until his death three years later. Charles (Albert) ( German : Karl Albrecht ) was born in Brussels and the son of Maximilian II Emanuel, Elector of Bavaria , and Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska , daughter of King John III Sobieski of Poland. His family

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720-577: The Austro-Turkish War . On 5 October 1722, Charles married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria , whom he had met at the imperial court in Vienna. She was the youngest daughter of the late Emperor Joseph I and his wife, Wilhelmine Amalia of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Bavaria had renounced all claims to the throne via the marriage, but it provided the legal basis to the inheritance of certain Austrian possessions. In 1725, Charles visited Versailles during

780-662: The Cue sports and the Jeu de Passe , a ball game inspired by Pall-mall , which was invented by Max Emanuel himself and was played indoors and outdoors. Today the Duke of Bavaria's administration is located here. It is connected to the north wing by the northern corridor of 1739. Since 1990, the Museum of Man and Nature has been housed in the North Wing . The Hubertus Hall upstairs served for concerts. Today

840-466: The Munich Residence and more than Schleissheim Palace , though the castles of King Ludwig II, especially Neuschwanstein , are more frequented. Museums: Schloss Nymphenburg is accessible by Munich public transport's tram number 17. This line passes through the city centre, including Stachus and the main train station. Between 1936 and 1939 open air events called "Nacht der Amazonen" ( Night of

900-772: The Nymphenburg Palace Park . During Charles's reign, numerous accomplished Italian, French, Bavarian, and other German architects, sculptors, painters and artisans were employed in royal service, often for many years. Among them were Dominique Girard , François de Cuvilliés, Joseph Effner , Ignaz Günther , Johann Michael Fischer , Cosmas Damian Asam and Egid Quirin Asam , Johann Michael Feuchtmayer , Matthäus Günther , Johann Baptist Straub and Johann Baptist Zimmermann . Charles and his wife, Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria , were parents of seven children: Charles Albert and his mistress Sophie Caroline von Ingenheim had

960-557: The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory . In 1792, Elector Charles Theodor opened the park for the public. For a long time, the palace was the favourite summer residence of the rulers of Bavaria. King Max I Joseph died there in 1825 and his great-grandson King Ludwig II was born there in 1845. In 1863, the only meeting between Ludwig and Otto von Bismarck was held in Nymphenburg, although they remained connected in

1020-620: The Second Silesian War finally forced the Austrian army to leave Bavaria and to retreat into Bohemia. In October 1744, Charles regained Munich and returned, this time for good. With former Vice-Chancellor Friedrich Karl von Schönborn as a go-between, the Emperor then sought to reach a compromise with Vienna but failed to get more military support from France. Suffering severely from gout , Charles died at Nymphenburg Palace in January 1745. He

1080-521: The Treaty of Füssen , Austria recognized the legitimacy of Charles's election as Holy Roman Emperor. Charles VII's reign represented the height of the Bavarian Rococo era. The Nymphenburg Palace was completed during his reign. The Grand Circle ( Schlossrondell ), which is flanked by a string of elaborate Baroque mansions was initially planned as a basic blueprint for a new city ( Carlstadt ), but that

1140-656: The Treaty of Nymphenburg , which was concluded in July 1741, Charles became allied with France and Spain against Austria. During the War of the Austrian Succession , Charles invaded Upper Austria in 1741 and planned to conquer Vienna , but his allied French troops under the Duc de Belle-Isle were instead redirected to Bohemia , capturing Prague in November 1741. That meant that Charles

1200-562: The University of Erlangen in 1743 and creating several new imperial nobles. Charles Eugene, Duke of Württemberg , was declared to be of full age in 1744, ahead of time. Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis served as Principal Commissioner for Charles VII at the Perpetual Diet of Regensburg and in 1744 the Thurn und Taxis dynasty were appointed the hereditary Postmasters General of

1260-457: The central pavilion , with ceiling frescoes by Johann Baptist Zimmermann and F. Zimmermann and decorations by François de Cuvilliés , is an impressive sight. Acting as a grand hall, it occupies over three floors of the central pavilion of the palace. The central ceiling fresco is Helios in his chariot, accompanied by other gods. North of the Stone Hall, there is the wood-panelled antechamber,

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1320-553: The Amazons ) were performed. These shows in the park comprised 2000 players with international stars, bare-breasted girls and included also members of the SS Cavalry under Hermann Fegelein . The palace and its park were some of the main filming locations of Alain Resnais 's 1961 movie Last Year at Marienbad . Ludwig , a 1972 film directed by Italian director Luchino Visconti about

1380-643: The Former Bedroom with portraits of Max Emanuel and his consort Theresa Kunegunda. Here too, the original Baroque ceilings have survived. The walls of the so-called lacquer cabinet that adjoins the bedroom are almost completely covered with Chinese panels showing scenes from a Chinese novel. The stucco was done by Franz Xaver Feuchtmayer the Younger . Behind the south gallery are the Writing Cabinet and Antechamber of Elector Charles Theodore, which were created with

1440-658: The Government of Singapore for more than € 300 million. In 2017 the building was sold to Europa Capital and Bayern Projekt . Telefónica Europe (O 2 ) is the building's anchor tenant. Nymphenburg Palace The Nymphenburg Palace ( German : Schloss Nymphenburg , Palace of the Nymphs ) is a Baroque palace situated in Munich 's western district Neuhausen-Nymphenburg , in Bavaria , southern Germany . The Nymphenburg served as

1500-765: The Hubertus Hall, the Orangery Hall, and the Johannis Hall in the North Wing as well as the Iron House in the park can be booked for parties, concerts, conferences and other functions. From 1835 the Mary Ward Elementary School was in the adjoining Outer North Wing of the castle. Founded by Mary Ward , it paved the way for a better education for girls. Mary Ward came after travelling from Rome to Munich in 1627 and

1560-629: The Imperial Reichspost . The new commander of the Bavarian army, Friedrich Heinrich von Seckendorff , fought Austria in a series of battles in 1743 and 1744. In 1743, his troops and their allies took Bavaria, and Charles was able to return to Munich in April for some time before losing Bavaria again after his French allies were defeated and withdrew to the Rhine. Frederick II of Prussia 's new campaign during

1620-472: The Palatinate (known as "coat of arms room"), while the third room contains portraits of Charles Theodore and both his consorts Elisabeth Auguste and Maria Leopoldine . South of the Stone Hall are inversely to the northern rooms of the main building, the hall with the portrait of Charles Albert , the audience room with the portrait of the founding couple Ferdinand Maria and his consort Henriette Adelaide and

1680-526: The Southern Cabinet Garden where François de Cuvilliés built an octagonal bird house in 1757. Two lakes are situated on both sides of the canal. The "Dörfchen" was created under Maximilian III Joseph as Petit hameau . The "Salettl" (1799), a cottage with its little garden nearby close to the former menagerie served as attraction for the children of Maximilian IV Joseph. The garden wall (1730–1735) preserves several Ha-ha effects. A passage close to

1740-448: The adjacent geranium house in 1816. The garden parterre is still a visible feature of the French garden. As part of the transformation of the entire castle grounds by Sckell it was simplified, but retained its original size. The "Grand Cascade" was built by Joseph Effner in 1717. He was referring to a concept of François Roëttiers. The water falls in the middle of a two-part water staircase,

1800-465: The audience chamber decorated with Brussels tapestries and the former bedroom with the so-called Little Beauty Gallery with the ladies of Versailles , all rooms were remodelled under Maximilian II Emanuel in the style of the Régence but retain their original Baroque ceilings. Here are on display portraits of the elector and his wife Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska . The bedroom closes the park side, next to it

1860-559: The city to the palace forms the Cour d'honneur , the centre was designed by Effner as a water parterre with a fountain, cascade and branching canals on both sides. The driveway ("Auffahrtsallee") from the city on both sides of the eastern canal is framed by a semicircle of smaller baroque buildings ("Kavalierhäuser") at the Cour d'honneur. The eastern endpoint of the canal is the Hubertusbrunnen (1903,

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1920-511: The designs of the Italian architect Agostino Barelli in 1664 after the birth of their son Maximilian II Emanuel . The central pavilion was completed in 1675. As a building material, it utilised limestone from Kelheim . The palace was gradually expanded and transformed over the years. It then quickly replaced the nearby Blutenburg Castle as major hunting lodge of the court and competed to Schleissheim Palace . Starting in 1701, Maximilian Emanuel,

1980-465: The elector of Hanover , also voted to install Charles as emperor even though both Britain and Hanover were allied with Austria in the ongoing war. Charles VII was the second Wittelsbach emperor after Louis IV and the first Wittelsbach king of Germany since the reign of Rupert . Shortly after his coronation, most of Charles's territories were overrun by the Austrians, and Bavaria was occupied by

2040-398: The famous attraction Gallery of Beauties of King Ludwig I of Bavaria . On behalf of the king the court painter Joseph Karl Stieler has portrayed 36 beautiful women from all social classes of Munich, the best known of these are the shoemaker's daughter Helene Sedlmayr and Ludwig's infamous mistress Lola Montez . In the nearby Queen's bedroom one can see where King Ludwig II of Bavaria

2100-534: The first stage being half round to the west, the second, deeper, is formed to the east. The cascade consists of symmetry which continues through the centre channel. The right side of the cataract was covered with pink marble in 1770. Originally a supporting architecture was to be provided, which was never executed. Instead, from 1775 to 1785, sculptures were added. Many were the work of Dominik Auliczek and Roman Anton Boos , who later added twelve decorative marble vases with mythological themes. The fountains in front of

2160-487: The heir to Bavaria, a sovereign electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, undertook a systematic extension of the palace. Two pavilions were added each in the south and north of Barelli's palace by Enrico Zucalli and Giovanni Antonio Viscardi and were connected with the centre pavilion by two gallery wings. In 1716, Joseph Effner redesigned the facade of the centre pavilion in French Baroque style with pilasters . Later,

2220-587: The institution of the Holy Roman emperor had largely become symbolic in nature and powerless by then. A popular Latin saying about him was et caesar et nihil , meaning "both emperor and nothing", a word play on aut caesar aut nihil , meaning "either emperor or nothing". Bavarian General Ignaz Felix, Count of Törring-Jettenbach was compared to a drum, as people "heard about him only when he was beaten". Charles VII tried to boost his prestige from Frankfurt with numerous legal acts, such as granting imperial privilege to

2280-635: The knightly Order of St George and ordered the beginning of the construction of the Rothenberg Fortress . In continuance of the policy of his father, Charles aspired to an even higher rank. As son-in-law of Emperor Joseph I , Charles rejected the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and claimed the German territories of the Habsburg dynasty against Maria Theresa , daughter of Emperor Charles VI , in 1740. By

2340-468: The life and death of King Ludwig II, was partly filmed in Nymphenburg. The Dressage Facility for the equestrian events of the 1972 Summer Olympics was created in the Nymphenburg park. The palace serves also as headquarters of the Bavarian Administration of State-Owned Palaces, Gardens and Lakes . Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII (6 August 1697 – 20 January 1745)

2400-410: The main summer residence for the former rulers of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach . Combined with the adjacent Nymphenburg Palace Park it constitutes one of the premier royal palaces of Europe. Its frontal width of 632 m (2,073 ft) (north–south axis) even surpasses Versailles . The palace was commissioned by the electoral couple Ferdinand Maria and Henriette Adelaide of Savoy to

2460-526: The old arboretum in the north of the Grand Parterre leads to the large Botanical Garden of Munich. Originally there was also a visual axis, the Durchblick , to the north-west-located Blutenburg Castle . The canals of Nymphenburg are part of the northern Munich channel system, a system of waterways that connected also to the complex of Schleissheim Palace . The endpoint of the eastern canal leading from

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2520-444: The palace and in the garden parterre continue to be operated by the water powered Pumping Stations built between 1803 and 1808. The Northern Cabinet Garden is small garden that borders directly the garden side of the north wing of the main palace. It is also called Kaisergarten , because it is in the immediate vicinity of the rooms where Charles Albert lived during his time in Munich as Emperor Charles VII. It has its counterpart in

2580-407: The palace's driveway. His son Prince-Elector Maximilian III founded the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory in 1747, to this day housed in one of these cavalier's lodges. Its fashionable Rococo products by porcelain sculptors Franz Anton Bustelli and Dominik Auliczek made the name Nymphenburg widely known. In 1795, Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria ordered the widening of the galleries on

2640-767: The park side. In 1826, under King Ludwig I of Bavaria , his architect Leo von Klenze removed the gables of the main pavilion with the Electoral coat of arms and created an attic style decoration directly under the roof instead. With the Treaty of Nymphenburg signed in July 1741, Charles Albert allied with France and Spain against Austria. Two of his children were born here: Maria Antonia (future Electress of Saxony) in 1724 and Maria Anna Josepha (future Margravine of Baden-Baden) in 1734. Charles Albert lived during his time in Munich as Holy Roman Emperor at Nymphenburg Palace and died there in 1745. In 1747, Elector Max III. Joseph founded

2700-517: The respective head of the House of Wittelsbach . The Outer Northern Pavilion houses the chapel, whose ceiling painting by Joseph Adam von Mölk deals with the life of St Mary Magdalene. It was already begun in 1702 by Antonio Viscardi from the design by Enrico Zuccalli. Further north is the third pavilion, the Gardemeublebau from 1723, an elongated building which served during the period of its origin for

2760-489: The south section of the palace was further extended to build the court stables (1719). For the sake of balance, the orangery building was added to the north which was only completed in 1758. Finally, Nymphenburg Palace was completed with a grand circle (the Schlossrondell ) of Baroque mansions (the so-called Kavaliershäuschen – cavalier's lodges), erected under Maximilian Emanuel's son Holy Roman Emperor Charles VII Albert in

2820-648: The third pavilion was built as a comedihaus and then served from 1750 as a new kitchen house. The southern corridor built in 1747 connects this building with the stables in the south wing. In the former royal stables in the South Wing is the Marstallmuseum (carriage museum), with one of the greatest coach collections in Europe. They also played a part in historical events - the Paris Coronation Coach for example

2880-622: The troops of Maria Theresa. The Emperor fled Munich and resided for almost three years in the Palais Barckhaus in Frankfurt . Most of Bohemia was lost in December 1742, when the Austrians allowed the French under the Duc de Belle-Isle and the Duc de Broglie an honourable capitulation. Charles was mocked as an emperor who neither controlled his own realm nor was in effective control of the empire itself, but

2940-514: The wedding celebrations of Louis XV of France and established a personal contact with the French court. In 1726, after his father had died, Charles became Duke of Bavaria and Elector Palatine and thus one of the prince-electors of the Holy Roman Empire , and he also inherited a debt of 26 million guilders . He maintained good relations with both his Habsburg relatives and France, continuing his father's policies. In 1729, he instituted

3000-406: The widening of the gallery wings. In both the North and South Galleries next to the Central Pavilion are vedutes of Bavarian castles. These galleries connect the central pavilion with the southern and northern pavilions. The Inner southern Pavilion housed the apartments of the Electress during the period of its origin. The former small dining room of the Inner Southern Pavilion today houses

3060-428: Was elector of Bavaria from 26 February 1726 and Holy Roman Emperor from 24 January 1742 to his death. He was also King of Bohemia (as Charles Albert ) from 1741 to 1743. Charles was a member of the House of Wittelsbach , and his reign as Holy Roman Emperor thus marked the end of three centuries of uninterrupted Habsburg imperial rule, although he was related to the Habsburgs by both blood and marriage. Charles

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3120-401: Was also the creator of the English Garden in Munich. He preserved the main elements of the Baroque garden (such as the "Grand Parterre"). The park is bisected by the long western canal along the principal axis which leads from the palace to the marble cascade (decorated with stone figures of Greek and Roman gods) in the west. The iron greenhouse north of the Grand Parterre was completed in 1807,

3180-420: Was born on 25 August 1845. Its mahogany furniture was made in 1815 in Munich, unlike the mahogany furniture for Queen Caroline's audience room which was made in Paris, as was the furniture in the Queen's Study . The Outer Southern Pavilion is generally inaccessible. It served as a kitchen building at Max Emanuel's time and was then reconstructed like the inner pavilion in neo-classical times. Further south,

3240-523: Was crowned king of Bohemia in Prague on 19 December 1741, when the Habsburgs had not yet been defeated. He was unanimously elected king of Germany on 24 January 1742 and became Holy Roman emperor upon his coronation on 12 February 1742. His brother Clement August , the archbishop-elector of Cologne , generally sided with the Habsburg-Lorraine faction in the disputes over the Habsburg succession but cast his vote for him and personally crowned him emperor at Frankfurt . King George II of Great Britain , as

3300-426: Was named after her husband, Prince Porcia. He also ordered François de Cuvilliés , chief architect of the court, to build the Palais Holnstein for another one of his mistresses, Sophie Caroline von Ingenheim, Countess Holnstein , between 1733 and 1737. Cuvilliés constructed the Amalienburg as well for Charles and his wife, Maria Amalia, an elaborate hunting lodge designed in the Rococo style between 1734 and 1739 in

3360-400: Was not achieved. Charles VII resided in Nymphenburg, and the palace became the favorite summer residence of the future rulers of Bavaria. Charles effected the building of the Ancestral Gallery and the Ornate Rooms at the Munich Residenz . He purchased the Palais Porcia in 1731 and had the mansion restored in Rococo style in 1736 for one of his mistresses, Countess Topor-Morawitzka. The mansion

3420-438: Was politically divided during the War of the Spanish Succession , and he spent many years under house arrest in Austria . The royal family had left Brussels and returned to Munich in 1701. His father, Maximilian Emanuel, fled to the Spanish Netherlands after he had been defeated at the Battle of Blenheim in August 1704, and Charles and his siblings stayed with their mother, the acting Regent , in Munich. In May 1705, after

3480-456: Was sponsored by Elector Maximilian I . King Ludwig I finally invited the girls' school to the Nymphenburg Palace in 1835. The 200-hectare (490-acre) park, once an Italian garden (1671), which was enlarged and rearranged in French style by Dominique Girard , a pupil of Le Notre , was finally redone in the English manner during the early 19th century by Friedrich Ludwig von Sckell , on behalf of prince-elector Charles Theodore . Von Sckell

3540-437: Was the eldest son of Elector Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria and the Polish princess Theresa Kunegunda Sobieska . He became elector following the death of his father in 1726. In 1722, Charles married Archduchess Maria Amalia of Austria , daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I and niece of Emperor Charles VI . The couple had seven children together. After Charles VI died in 1740, Elector Charles claimed

3600-599: Was used for the coronation of Emperor Charles VII in 1742. Among the main attractions of the museum are the magnificent carriages and sleighs of King Ludwig II. The first floor of the former court stables houses a collection of Nymphenburg porcelain by the Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory which, also located in the palace complex, was founded by Maximilian III Joseph. Its handcrafted products are of legendary kind and quality, nowadays said to be comparable only to Augarten and Sèvres. Over 1,000 exhibits, beginning in 1747, are on display. The Nymphenburg Porcelain Manufactory itself

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