Misplaced Pages

#647352

18-513: Unión Juárez ( Mam : TXalajte' ) is a town and municipality in the Mexican state of Chiapas in southern Mexico . The majority of the population in the municipality is Mam people that preserves the Mam traditions and Mam language . As of 2010, the municipality had a total population of 14,089, up from 13,934 as of 2005. It covers an area of 268.3 km². As of 2010, the town of Unión Juárez had

36-454: A null morpheme or zero morpheme is a morpheme that has no phonetic form. In simpler terms, a null morpheme is an "invisible" affix. It is a concept useful for analysis, by contrasting null morphemes with alternatives that do have some phonetic realization. The null morpheme is represented as either the figure zero ( 0 ) or the empty set symbol ∅. In most languages, it is the affixes that are realized as null morphemes, indicating that

54-543: A null prefix . Additionally, ma is an aspectual word meaning 'recent past'. Verbs in Mam can include inflection for person, aspect and mode, as well as auxiliaries in the form of directionals. The verb complex has distinct forms for transitive and intransitive verb stems depending in part on whether the complex cross-references one or two arguments. The lexical status of the verb complex is ambiguous. The inflections with vowels are phonologically independent (indicated by spaces). Transitive verb complexes with directionals have

72-681: A dependent suffix. Two of England's examples of intransitive and transitive verb complexes are shown below. Intransitive verb complex with directional ma REC chin ABS . 1 . SG jaw DIR tz'aq-a slip- ENC ma chin jaw tz'aq-a REC ABS.1.SG DIR slip-ENC "I slipped (just now)." Transitive verb complex with directional (ok) POT k-kub'-l-tz ABS . 3 . SG - DIR - POT - DIR t-tzyu-ʔn-a ERG . 2 . SG -grab- DEP - ENC (ok) k-kub'-l-tz t-tzyu-ʔn-a POT ABS.3.SG-DIR-POT-DIR ERG.2.SG-grab-DEP-ENC "You will grab them." Mam extends

90-613: A glottal stop. Mam has 10 vowels , 5 short and 5 long: Mam has 27 consonants , including the glottal stop : Most roots take the morphological shape CVC. The only possible root final consonant cluster is - nC . Syllables can have up to four consonants in a cluster in any position. Most consonant clusters are the result of vowel dropping and morpheme addition. Mam has two sets of agreement markers, known to Mayanists as Set A and Set B markers, which can appear on both nouns and verbs. Mam uses Set A (ergative) markers on nouns to mark possessor agreement and on verbs to cross-reference

108-463: A null morpheme in a word can also be theorized by contrast with other forms of the same word showing alternative morphemes. For example, the singular number of English nouns is shown by a null morpheme that contrasts with the plural morpheme -s . In addition, there are some cases in English where a null morpheme indicates plurality in nouns that take on irregular plurals. Also, a null morpheme marks

126-412: A population of 2,635. Other than the town of Unión Juárez, the municipality had 44 localities, the largest of which (with 2010 populations in parentheses) were: Santo Domingo (3,796), classified as urban, and Once de Abril (1,209), classified as rural. This article about a location in the Mexican state of Chiapas is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Mam language Mam

144-833: Is closely related to the Tektitek language , and the two languages together form the Mamean sub-branch of the Mayan language family. Along with the Ixilan languages, Awakatek and Ixil , these make up the Greater Mamean sub-branch, one of the two branches of the Eastern Mayan languages (the other being the Greater Quichean sub-branch, which consists of 10 Mayan languages, including Kʼicheʼ ). Because contact between members of different Mam communities

162-527: Is somewhat limited, the language varies considerably even from village to village. Nevertheless, mutual intelligibility, though difficult, is possible through practice. Mam varieties within Mexico and Guatemala are divided into five dialect groups: In addition to these, the dialects of Chiapas, Mexico are characterized by significant grammatical as well as lexical differences from the Guatemalan varieties. Mam

180-578: Is spoken in 64 communities in four Guatemalan departments and numerous communities in Campeche and Chiapas, Mexico . Neighboring languages include Jakaltek and Qʼanjobʼal to the north, Tektitek and Qato'k to the west, and Ixil , Awakatek , Sipacapense , and Kʼicheʼ to the east. Quetzaltenango Department Huehuetenango Department San Marcos Department Retalhuleu Department Chiapas Campeche Mam has weight sensitive stress assignment. Primary stress falls on

198-443: Is unusual in its marking of the third person singular with a non-zero morpheme, by contrast with a null morpheme for others. Another unusual usage of the null morpheme is the feminine genitive case plural in most Slavic languages, cf. Russian singular nominative женщин-а ( zhenshchin-a ), woman , singular genitive женщин-ы ( zhenshchin-y ), woman's and plural genitive женщин-∅ ( zhenshchin-∅ ), women's . In most languages of

SECTION 10

#1732851802648

216-441: The word class changes, is very common in analytic languages such as English. In languages that show the above distinctions, it is quite common to employ null affixation to mark singular number, present tense and third persons. It is also frequent to find null affixation for the least- marked cases (the nominative case in nominative–accusative languages , and the absolutive case in ergative–absolutive languages ). English

234-529: The Set A (ergative) person markers in the context of focused adverbials and certain subordinate clauses. In these contexts, the Set A markers cross-reference the subject of intransitive verbs and both the subject and object of transitive verbs. The following examples show the extended ergative marker /t-/ in bold . Intransitive verb complex with extended ergative marking n-chi PROG - ABS . 3 . PL ooq' cry Null morpheme In morphology ,

252-418: The derived form does not differ from the stem . For example, plural form sheep can be analyzed as combination of sheep with added null affix for the plural. The process of adding a null affix is called null affixation , null derivation or zero derivation . The concept was first used by the 4th century BCE Sanskrit grammarian from ancient India, Pāṇini , in his Sanskrit grammar . The existence of

270-414: The long vowel in a word if there is one, e.g. aq'ú:ntl 'work'. Words without a long vowel assign primary stress to the vowel preceding the last glottal stop, e.g. puʔláʔ 'dipper'. Words without a long vowel or a glottal stop assign stress to the vowel preceding the last consonant in the root, e.g. xpicháqʼ 'raccoon'. Stress is not assigned to suffixes or enclitics that do not have long vowels or

288-401: The present tense of English verbs in all forms but the third person singular: According to some linguists' view, English verbs such as to clean , to slow , to warm are converted from adjectives by a null morpheme – in contrast to verbs such as to widen or to enable which are also converted from adjectives, but using non-null morphemes. Null derivation, also known as conversion if

306-405: The transitive subject. Mam uses Set B (absolutive) markers on transitive verbs to cross-reference the object and on intransitive verbs to cross-reference the subject. Below is a table of Set A (ergative) and Set B (absolutive) prefixes from England. Phonologically conditioned allomorphs are as follows. Some paradigmatic examples from England (1983) are given below. Note that "Ø-" designates

324-483: The world it is the affixes that are realized as null morphemes. But in some cases roots may also be realized as these. For instance, the Russian word вы- ∅ -ну-ть ( vynut' , 'to take out') consists of one prefix (вы-), one zero root ( -∅- ), and two suffixes (-ну- and -ть). A basic radical element plus a null morpheme is not the same as an uninflected word , though usage may make those equal in practice. Note: All of

#647352