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57-580: The university was split into three universities (the University of Montpellier 1 , the University of Montpellier 2 and the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3 ) for 45 years from 1970 until 2015 when it was subsequently reunified by the merger of the two former, with the latter, now named Paul Valéry University, Montpellier III remaining a separate entity. The university is considerably older than its formal founding date, associated with

114-408: A close circle of trusted advisers. He took as his wife Bonne of Bohemia and fathered 11 children in eleven years. Due to his close relationship with his favourite Charles de la Cerda , partisans of Charles II of Navarre derided the king for "having no other God than him". La Cerda was given various honours and appointed to the high position of connetable when John became king; he accompanied

171-467: A knight of Artois . Yield yourself to me and I will lead you to the Prince of Wales." King John surrendered by handing him his glove. That night King John dined in the red silk tent of his enemy. The Black Prince attended to him personally. He was then taken to Bordeaux , and from there to England . The Battle of Poitiers would be one of the major military disasters not just for France, but at any time during

228-538: A number of Norman magnates and notables of the French king burst through the door in full armor, swords in hand, along with his entourage, which included the king's brother Phillip , younger son Louis and cousins, as well as over a hundred fully armed knights waiting outside. John lunged over and grabbed Charles of Navarre shouting, "let no one move if he does not want to be dead with this sword." With John's son, Dauphin Charles,

285-541: A papal bull issued by Pope Nicholas IV in 1289, combining all the centuries-old schools into a university, but the first statutes were given by Conrad of Urach in 1220. It is not known exactly when the schools of liberal arts were founded that developed into the Montpellier faculty of arts; it may be that they were a direct continuation of the Gallo-Roman schools that gathered around masters of rhetoric. The school of law

342-558: A policy of the Guilhem lords of Montpellier , by which any licensed physician might lecture there: with no fixed limit to the number of teachers, lectures multiplied, thus providing a great choice of teachers coming from all around the Mediterranean region (Guilhem VIII act of January 1181). The statutes given in 1220 by Cardinal Conrad von Urach , legate of Pope Honorius III , which were confirmed and extended in 1240, placed this school under

399-564: A prestigious assembly bringing together the kings of Bohemia and Navarre , and the dukes of Burgundy , Lorraine and Brabant . Upon his accession as Duke of Normandy in 1332, John had to deal with the reality that most of the Norman nobility was already allied with the English. Effectively, Normandy depended economically more on maritime trade across the English Channel than on river trade on

456-512: A yard nearby while he stood watching. This act, which was largely driven by revenge for Charles of Navarre's and John of Harcourt's pre-meditated plot that killed John's favorite, Charles de La Cerda, would push much of what remaining support the King had from the lords in Normandy away to King Edward and the English camp, setting the stage for the English invasion and the resulting Battle of Poitiers in

513-548: The Battle of Poitiers of 1356, in which John was captured. While John was a prisoner in London, his son Charles became regent and faced several rebellions, which he overcame. To liberate his father, he concluded the Treaty of Brétigny (1360), by which France lost many territories and paid an enormous ransom. In an exchange of hostages, which included his son Louis I, Duke of Anjou , John

570-641: The Black Prince —who had negotiated the Treaty of Brétigny —at Dover Castle , and reached English-held Calais on 8 July. Leaving his son Louis of Anjou in Calais as a replacement hostage to guarantee payment, John was allowed to return to France to raise the funds. The Treaty of Brétigny was ratified in October 1360. On 1 July 1363, King John was informed that Louis had broken his parole and escaped from Calais. Troubled by

627-560: The Duchy of Normandy , as well as the counties of Anjou and Maine . The wedding was celebrated on 28 July at the church of Notre-Dame in Melun in the presence of six thousand guests. The festivities were prolonged by a further two months when the young groom was finally knighted at the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. As the new duke of Normandy, John was solemnly granted the arms of a knight in front of

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684-556: The Pyrenees mountains , bordering between France and Spain, also held extensive lands in Normandy, was implicated in the assassination of the Constable of France , Charles de la Cerda , who was the favorite of King John. Nevertheless, in order to have a strategic ally against the English in Gascony , John signed the Treaty of Mantes with Charles on 22 February 1354. The peace did not last between

741-567: The Seine . Although the duchy had not been in Angevin possession for 150 years , many landowners had holdings across the Channel. Consequently, to line up behind one or other sovereign risked confiscation. Therefore, Norman members of the nobility were governed as interdependent clans, which allowed them to obtain and maintain charters guaranteeing the duchy a measure of autonomy. It was split into two key camps,

798-437: The University of Montpellier 1 and the University of Montpellier 2 merged to form the newly recreated University of Montpellier. Meanwhile, the Paul Valéry University Montpellier 3 , now only Paul Valéry, remains a separate institution. The university is located on several sites in the city of Montpellier , line 1 of the tramway connects almost all of the different sites: The university also has many antennas/branches in

855-543: The bubonic plague . In 1529, after some years as an apothecary, Nostradamus entered the University of Montpellier to study for a doctorate in medicine. He was expelled shortly afterwards when it was discovered that he had been an apothecary, a "manual trade" expressly banned by the university statutes. The expulsion document (BIU Montpellier, Register S 2 folio 87) still exists in the faculty library. Rabelais took his medical degree at Montpellier, and his portrait hangs among

912-601: The pandemic , John, who was living in the Parisian royal residence, the Palais de la Cité , left Paris. On 9 February 1350, five months after the death of his first wife, John married Joan I, Countess of Auvergne , in the royal Château de Sainte-Gemme (which no longer exists), at Feucherolles , near Saint-Germain-en-Laye . Philip VI, John's father, died on 22 August 1350, and John's coronation as John II, king of France, took place in Reims

969-469: The papal legate went back and forth, trying to negotiate a truce between the leaders. There is some debate over whether the Black Prince wanted to fight at all. He offered his wagon train, which was heavily loaded with loot. He also promised not to fight against France for seven years. Some sources claim that he even offered to return Calais to the French crown. John countered by demanding that 100 of

1026-684: The Duke of Normandy to be regent and governor of France until his return. John landed in England in January 1364 where he was met by Sir Alan Buxhull , Sir Richard Pembridge and Lord Burghersh at Dover, to be conducted to Eltham and the Savoy Palace and was warmly welcomed in London in January 1364. He was received with great honour, and was a frequent guest of Edward at Westminster. A few months after his arrival, however, he fell ill with an unknown malady. He died at

1083-648: The French Crown, which was the largest national budget in Europe during that period. On 30 June 1360 John left the Tower of London and proceeded to Eltham Palace where Queen Philippa had prepared a great farewell entertainment. Passing the night at Dartford, he continued towards Dover, stopping at the Maison Dieu of St Mary at Ospringe , and paying homage at the shrine of St Thomas Becket at Canterbury on 4 July. He dined with

1140-465: The French army with four hundred infantrymen. The political clauses ensured that the Lombard crown would not be disputed if the king of Bohemia managed to obtain it. Philip selected Bonne of Bohemia as a wife for his son, as she was closer to child-bearing age (16 years), and the dowry was fixed at 120,000 florins . John reached the age of majority, 13 years and one day, on 27 April 1332, and received

1197-525: The Good (French: Jean le Bon ), was King of France from 1350 until his death in 1364. When he came to power, France faced several disasters: the Black Death , which killed between a third and a half of its population; popular revolts known as Jacqueries ; free companies ( Grandes Compagnies ) of routiers who plundered the country; and English aggression that resulted in catastrophic military losses, including

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1254-630: The Middle Ages. While negotiating a peace accord, John was at first held in the Savoy Palace , then at a variety of locations, including Windsor , Hertford , Somerton Castle in Lincolnshire , Berkhamsted Castle in Hertfordshire , and briefly at King John's Lodge, formerly known as Shortridges, in East Sussex . Eventually, John was taken to the Tower of London . As a prisoner of the English, John

1311-429: The Prince's best knights surrender themselves to him as hostages, along with the Prince himself. No agreement could be reached. Negotiations broke down, and both sides prepared for combat. On the day of the battle, John and 17 knights from his personal guard dressed identically. This was done to confuse the enemy, who would do everything possible to capture the sovereign on the field. In spite of this precaution, following

1368-531: The Savoy Palace in April 1364. His body was returned to France, where he was interred in the royal chambers at Saint Denis Basilica . John suffered from fragile health. He engaged little in physical activity, practised jousting rarely, preferring hunting. Contemporaries report that he was quick to get angry and resort to violence, leading to frequent political and diplomatic confrontations. He enjoyed literature and

1425-460: The University of Montpellier is coordinated by: 43°35′55″N 3°53′32″E  /  43.598593°N 3.8921739°E  / 43.598593; 3.8921739 University of Montpellier 1 The Montpellier 1 University ( Université Montpellier 1 ) is a French university, in the Academy of Montpellier. It is one of the three successor universities to the University of Montpellier following

1482-541: The age of 13, John was married to Bonne of Luxembourg (d. 1349), daughter of John, King of Bohemia . Their children were: On 19 February 1350, at the royal Château de Sainte-Gemme , John married Joanna I of Auvergne (d. 1361), Countess of Auvergne and Boulogne . Joanna was the widow of Philip of Burgundy , the deceased heir of that duchy, and the mother of the young Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (1344–61) who became John's stepson and ward. John and Joanna had three children, all of whom died shortly after birth: John II

1539-480: The age of thirteen to form a strong matrimonial alliance. Initially a marriage with Eleanor of Woodstock , sister of King Edward III of England, was considered, but instead Philip invited King John the Blind of Bohemia to Fontainebleau . Bohemia had aspirations to control Lombardy and needed French diplomatic support. A treaty was drawn up. The military clauses stipulated that, in the event of war, Bohemia would support

1596-588: The autonomy granted by the charter. Royal troops took the castle at Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte and Geoffroy was exiled to Brabant . Three of his companions were decapitated in Paris on 3 April 1344. In 1342, John was in Avignon , then a part of the Papal States , at the coronation of Pope Clement VI , and in the latter part of 1343, he was a member of a peace parley with Edward III of England 's chancery clerk. Clement VI

1653-515: The banquet host, on his knees pleading for him to stop, the King grabbed Navarre by the throat and pulled him out of his chair yelling in his face, "Traitor, you are not worthy to sit at my son's table!" He then ordered the arrests of all the guests including Navarre and, in what many considered to be a rash move as well as a political mistake, he had John, the Count of Harcourt and several other Norman lords and notables summarily executed later that night in

1710-409: The convents, in January 1350. By a Bull of 17 December 1421, Pope Martin V granted canonical institution to this faculty and united it closely with the faculty of law. In the 16th century the local triumph of Calvinism interrupted the somewhat somnolent Catholic school of theology, which was reinstated in 1622; but the rivalries of Dominicans and Jesuits interfered seriously with the prosperity of

1767-498: The counts of Tancarville and the counts of Harcourt , which had been in conflict for generations. Tension arose again in 1341. King Philip, worried about the richest area of the kingdom breaking into bloodshed, ordered the bailiffs of Bayeux and Cotentin to quell the dispute. Geoffroy d'Harcourt raised troops against the king, rallying a number of nobles protective of their autonomy and against royal interference. The rebels demanded that Geoffroy be made duke, thus guaranteeing

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1824-425: The destruction and routing of the massive force of French knights at the hands of the ceaseless English longbow volleys, John was captured as the English force charged to finish their victory. Though he fought with valour, wielding a large battle-axe, his helmet was knocked off. Surrounded, he fought on until Denis de Morbecque, a French exile who fought for England, approached him. "Sire," Morbecque said. "I am

1881-483: The direction of the Bishop of Maguelonne , but the school enjoyed a great deal of de facto autonomy. The school was famous for arguing in the fourteenth century that the Black Death was caused by a miasma entering the opening of the body's pores, citing theories developed by Galen . Doctors educated at Montpellier advocated against bathing because they claimed bathing opened the body's pores, making one more susceptible to

1938-470: The dishonour of this action, and the arrears in his ransom, John gathered his royal council to announce that he would voluntarily return to captivity in England and negotiate with Edward in person. When faced with the opposition of his advisors, the king famously replied that "if good faith were banned from the Earth, she ought to find asylum in the hearts of kings". Immediately after he appointed his son Charles

1995-474: The faculty, which disappeared at the Revolution. In better days, among Montpellier's illustrious pupils of law were Petrarch , who spent four years at Montpellier, and among its lecturers were William of Nogaret , chancellor to Philip IV , Guillaume de Grimoard, afterwards Pope Urban V , and Pedro de Luna, afterwards antipope Benedict XIII . Like all other provincial universities of France, that of Montpellier

2052-509: The following 26 September. Joanna, his second wife, was crowned queen of France at the same time. In November 1350, King John had Raoul II of Brienne, Count of Eu seized and summarily executed, for reasons that remain unclear, although it was rumoured that he had pledged the English the County of Guînes for his release from captivity. In 1354, John's son-in-law and cousin, Charles II of Navarre , who, in addition to his Kingdom of Navarre in

2109-458: The gallery of professors. The Jardin des plantes de Montpellier , founded in 1593, is the oldest botanical garden in France. It was in this school that the biological theory of vitalism , elaborated by Barthez (1734–1806), had its origin. The French Revolution did not interrupt the existence of the faculty of medicine. The Benedictine monastery that had been converted into the bishop's palace,

2166-426: The king on all his official journeys to the provinces. La Cerda's rise at court excited the jealousy of the French barons, several of whom stabbed him to death in 1354. La Cerda's fate paralleled that of Edward II of England 's Piers Gaveston and John II of Castile 's Álvaro de Luna ; the position of a royal favourite was a dangerous one. John's grief on La Cerda's death was overt and public. On 28 July 1332, at

2223-477: The less known University Ranking by Academic Performance 2021–2022. Finally, according to the Performance Ranking of Scientific Papers for World Universities , or NTU Ranking, it is placed 137th in the world for the year 2022. Law University of Montpellier undergraduate law program is ranked 6th of France by Eduniversal , with 3 stars (2016/17). Ecology University of Montpellier was ranked 1st in

2280-562: The months to come. In 1355, the Hundred Years' War had flared up again, and in July 1356, Edward, the Black Prince , son of Edward III of England , took an army on a great chevauchée through France. John pursued him with an army of his own. In September the two forces met a few miles southeast of Poitiers . John was confident of victory—his army was probably twice the size of his opponent's—but he did not immediately attack. While he waited,

2337-540: The nobility, whose land fell within the broad economic influence of England, particularly in the north and west, increased. Consequently, King Philip VI decided to seek a truce. Duke John met Geoffroy d'Harcourt, to whom the king agreed to return all confiscated goods, even appointing him sovereign captain in Normandy. John then approached the Tancarville family , whose loyalty could ultimately ensure his authority in Normandy. The marriage of John, Viscount of Melun , to Jeanne,

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2394-524: The only heiress of the county of Tancarville, ensured that the Melun-Tancarville party remained loyal to John, while Geoffroy d'Harcourt continued to act as defender for Norman freedoms and thus of the reforming party. On 11 September 1349, John's wife, Bonne of Bohemia ( Bonne de Luxembourg ), died at the Maubuisson Abbey near Paris, of the Black Death , which was devastating Europe . To escape

2451-436: The rest of the region: The University of Montpellier has 17 components: and 1 establishment-component ( ENSCM ). The university is administered by: In 2019, the University of Montpellier received 50069 candidatures for an admission in one of the 6961 available places in its bachelor's programmes, which accounts for 7,19 candidates per place. Overall ranking The University of Montpellier secured 55th and 16th places in

2508-405: The split in 1970. In January 2015, Montpellier 2 University and Montpellier 1 University merged again to reform University of Montpellier . This article about a French university, college, or other educational institution is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . John II of France John II ( French : Jean II ; 26 April 1319 – 8 April 1364), called John

2565-545: The two, and Charles eventually struck up an alliance with Henry of Grosmont , the first Duke of Lancaster . The following year, on 10 September 1355 John and Charles signed the Treaty of Valognes , but this second peace lasted hardly any longer than the first, culminating in a highly dramatic event where, during a banquet on 5 April 1356 at the Royal Castle in Rouen attended by the King's son Charles , Charles II of Navarre, and

2622-621: The world and Europe, respectively, in Reuters - The World's Most Innovative Universities 2018. It is also ranked among the top 200 universities in the Academic Ranking of World Universities 2019. In the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings 2022 it was ranked in the top 200 universities, coming first in France. Furthermore, it was ranked 98th best university in the world and best French university outside Paris according to

2679-642: The world in Ecology in the subject rankings of Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018. The University of Montpellier is a member of Coimbra Group and of the Mediterranean Universities Union . It is also a founding member of the European University alliance CHARM-EU. On 19 June 2024, the University of Montpellier has been accepted as a member of the Udice Group . Students life within

2736-494: Was founded by Placentinus , from the school of law at Bologna , who came to Montpellier in 1160, taught there during two different periods, and died there in 1192. The faculty of law has had a long career. Professors from Montpellier were prominent in the drafting of the Napoleonic Code , the civil code by which France is still guided and a foundation for modern law codes wherever Napoleonic influence extended. The faculty of law

2793-461: Was given to house the medical school in 1795. A gallery devoted to the portraits of professors since 1239 contains one of Rabelais. The school of theology had its origins in lectures in the convents: St. Anthony of Padua , Raymundus Lullus , and the Dominican Bernard of Trilia all lectured. Two letters of King John II prove that a faculty of theology existed at Montpellier independently of

2850-583: Was granted royal privileges that permitted him to travel about and enjoy a regal lifestyle. At a time when law and order was breaking down in France and the government was having a hard time raising money for the defence of the realm, his account books during his captivity show that he was purchasing horses, pets, and clothes while maintaining an astrologer and a court band. The Treaty of Brétigny (drafted in May 1360) set his ransom at an astounding 3 million  crowns , roughly two or three years worth of revenue for

2907-449: Was marked by continuing disputes over the Valois claim from both Charles II of Navarre and Edward III of England . From a young age, John was called to resist the decentralising forces affecting the cities and the nobility, each attracted either by English economic influence or the reforming party. He grew up among intrigue and treason, and in consequence he governed in secrecy only with

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2964-587: Was patron to painters and musicians. The image of a "warrior king" probably emerged from the courage he displayed at the Battle of Poitiers, where he dismounted to fight in the forefront of his surrounded men with a poleaxe in his hands, as well as the creation of the Order of the Star . This was guided by political need, as John was determined to prove the legitimacy of his crown, particularly as his reign, like that of his father,

3021-408: Was released from captivity to raise funds for his ransom . Upon his return to France, he created the franc to stabilize the currency and tried to get rid of the free companies by sending them to a crusade , but Pope Innocent VI died shortly before their meeting in Avignon . When John was informed that Louis had escaped from captivity, he voluntarily returned to England , where he died in 1364. He

3078-579: Was reorganized in 1998. The school of medicine was founded perhaps by people trained in the Muslim Spanish medical schools as Muslim rule in parts of Spain did not end until 1492, when the Emirate of Granada fell (no reference is available for the founding of the school of medicine); it is certain that, as early as 1137, there were excellent physicians at Montpellier. It is the world's oldest medical school still in operation. The school of medicine benefited from

3135-558: Was succeeded by his eldest son, Charles V. John was nine years old when his father, Philip VI, was crowned king. Philip VI's ascent to the throne was unexpected: all three sons of Philip IV had died without sons and their daughters were passed over. Also passed over was King Edward III of England , Philip IV's grandson through his daughter, Isabella . Thus, as the new king of France, John's father Philip VI had to consolidate his power in order to protect his throne from rival claimants; therefore, he decided to marry off his son John quickly at

3192-660: Was suppressed at the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1793. The faculties of science and of letters were re-established in 1810; that of law in 1880. The University of Montpellier was officially re-organised in 1969, on the aftermath of May 1968 and the students' revolt all over the country. It was split into its successor institutions the University of Montpellier 1 (comprising the former faculties of medicine, law, and economy), University of Montpellier 2 (science and technology) and University of Montpellier 3 (social sciences, humanities and liberal arts). On 1 January 2015,

3249-480: Was the fourth of seven Avignon Popes whose papacy was not contested, although the supreme pontiffs would ultimately return to Rome in 1378. By 1345, increasing numbers of Norman rebels had begun to pay homage to Edward III, constituting a major threat to the legitimacy of the Valois kings. The defeat at the Battle of Crécy on 26 August 1346, and the capitulation of Calais on 3 August 1347, after an eleven-month siege , further damaged royal prestige. Defections by

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