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50-439: MCA TV (also known as MCA Television Enterprises) was founded in 1951, several years before parent MCA 's purchase of American Decca (in 1959) and Universal Pictures (in 1962). For more than four decades, it was one of the most active syndicators of television programming. During the 1980s, it distributed both off-network reruns of shows like Kate & Allie and Gimme a Break! , as well as original syndication product like

100-622: A barter agreement, wherein each movie featured on the Debut Network would be edited down to 95 minutes, including the credits. (A notable exception was Rear Window , which, with commercials, was given a 2.5 hour block instead of the normal 2 hour block.) Of the 22 minutes for commercials, MCA received 10 + 1 ⁄ 2 , with the local outlets keeping 11 + 1 ⁄ 2 minutes. The remaining three minutes would be devoted to promotion spots for one thing or another. MCA TV and Paramount Domestic Television had formed Premier Advertiser Sales,

150-608: A merger that April. Decca at the time owned Coral Records and Brunswick Records , and an 89% stake in Universal Pictures Company, Inc. On July 13, 1962, the United States Department of Justice filed suit against MCA, charging that its acquisition of Decca's controlling interest in Universal violated antitrust laws. To retain Universal, MCA would have to close its talent agency, which represented most of

200-527: A TV station in New York City, WWOR-TV (renamed from WOR-TV), in 1987, from RKO General subsidiary of GenCorp , which was in the midst of a licensing scandal. In 1982, MCA decided to start out its video game unit, MCA Video Games, led by technicians of the MCA DiscoVision unit. In 1983, MCA Videogames, the video game division of MCA itself and video game developer/publisher Atari Inc. entered into

250-725: A behind-the-scenes glimpse of film and television production at Universal Studios. This established a footprint of what is now known as Universal Studios Hollywood theme park . Over the next few decades, similar parks were built and expanded under MCA for Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, Florida and Universal Studios Japan in Osaka . In 1966, MCA formed Uni Records in Hollywood , California, and in 1967, MCA bought New York–based Kapp Records . That same year MCA also acquired guitar maker Danelectro and mall retailer Spencer Gifts . In 1967,

300-418: A cut of Brazil for airing on the Debut Network. Running 93 minutes, it was a heavily modified version that remained true to Sheinberg's preferred cut of the film, and was subsequently given the nickname "The Love Conquers All Cut." How this version managed to get released remains a mystery; Gilliam said that Universal asked him to make an edited-for-television cut of the film and he refused. In an interview with

350-606: A few syndicated programming blocks . The company launched the Universal Pictures Debut Network , an ad hoc film network with plans to launch in two stages beginning in September 1985. MCA's motivation for launching the Debut Network was to attempt to make up for lost revenue from the "big three networks" , who were at the time, preferring cheaper made for TV movies . Independent stations were specifically targeted since they needed many more hours to fill. MCA set up

400-402: A joint venture created for the sale of advertising for their existing syndicated programs in September 1989. As a possible outgrowth of this sales joint venture, MCA and Paramount began plans for a new network, Premier Program Service . When Premier Program Service halted, MCA teamed up with Chris-Craft TV for a syndicated programming block , Hollywood Premiere Network , that only lasted for

450-576: A movie division. The company began to acquire talent agencies, representing established actors such as James Stewart , Henry Fonda , Bette Davis , Jane Wyman and Ronald Reagan , whom Wasserman became very close with personally. In later decades, Wasserman became a guiding force in Reagan's political ambition by helping Reagan to win the presidency of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), then election as Governor of California in 1966, and finally President of

500-436: A much-publicized war emerged between director Terry Gilliam and Universal's then-COO Sid Sheinberg over the final cut of Brazil for the film's North American release . Against Gilliam's wishes, Sheinberg wanted to cut the film from Gilliam's preferred 142 minute cut to 93 minutes and modify the dark sci-fi satire into an uplifting romance, complete with a happy ending. After Gilliam created an ambitious campaign to wrestle

550-534: A number of businesses including Univision from 1992 to 2007. Perenchio was well known for his version of the Rules (up to twenty rules), which varied from year to year and had some internal contradictions (In 2006, Perenchio pointed out that while there was a "no nepotism" rule, he was aware his son was on the company's board of directors at the time). In 1939, based on Wasserman's recommendation, MCA's headquarters moved from Chicago to Beverly Hills, California , creating

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600-655: A partnership to start out Studio Games, a joint venture that would develop video games based on MCA's film and television properties, most notably from then-sister Universal Pictures, and decided that they would give them access to all motion picture and television properties coming from the unit. In 1990, MCA hired Hanna-Barbera executive Jeff Segal to start out its MCA Family Entertainment arm (aka Universal Family Entertainment) and had Universal Cartoon Studios as its subsidiary. On November 26, 1990, Japanese multinational conglomerate Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. agreed to acquire MCA for US$ 6.59 billion. MCA

650-501: A possible director's cut , Lynch has declined every offer and prefers not to discuss Dune in interviews. In 1992 , KTVU , pieced together a hybrid edit of the two previous versions for broadcast in the San Francisco Bay Area . It is essentially the television version with all the violence of the theatrical version reincorporated into the film, along with many of the "fabricated" shots objected to by Lynch removed. In 1985,

700-510: Is also extra dialogue between Laurie and Jimmy, Laurie and Mrs. Alves, Janet and Karen, Karen and Mr. Garrett, Bud and Karen, Jill and Jimmy, etc. Another notable difference is the killing of the Marshall. In the theatrical version his throat is slit, while in the TV version it is softened, with Michael grabbing him and stabbing him from behind (with no detail shown). While the theatrical version ends with

750-556: The Los Angeles Times , Gilliam sarcastically complimented Sheinberg for "[getting] a chance to break into TV," but was angry that Universal didn't take his name off the TV cut and also criticized advertisements for the Debut Network premiere of Brazil which used the same critical praise that was given to his version. In an interview with Jack Matthews in an updated version of his book The Battle of Brazil , Sheinberg claimed he had no idea how his cut leaked out, and said that he wasn't

800-638: The MCA Records label was established outside the United States and Canada to issue releases by the MCA group of labels. Decca, Kapp, and Uni were merged into MCA Records at Universal City, California in 1971; the three labels maintained their identities for a short time but were soon retired in favor of the MCA label. The first MCA Records release in the US was former Uni artist Elton John 's " Crocodile Rock " in 1972. In 1973,

850-498: The New York Stock Exchange and was incorporated as MCA Inc. on November 10, 1958. A couple of years later, Alfred Hitchcock gave MCA his rights to Psycho and his television anthology in exchange for 150,000 shares, making him the third largest investor in MCA, and his own boss at Universal. On June 18, 1962, Decca Records shareholders agreed to MCA's buyout offer after the record label had entered into talks about

900-483: The 1990–1991 season. The Universal Family Network syndicated programming block was launched by the company in the fall of 1993 with a single weekly half hour show, Exosquad , as a counter to The Disney Afternoon . Beginning in September 1985, affiliated Debut Network stations could program 24 features from the Universal Pictures library on an advertiser supported basis. One feature would debut each month over

950-477: The Premiere Network earned a 10.9 rating. This placed it at fourth place among the top barter series for the first 16 weeks of the 1988–89 United States television season . In June 1990, the Debut Network was ranked in fifth place among the ten highest-rated syndicated programs according to Nielsen. Music Corporation of America MCA Inc. (originally an initialism for Music Corporation of America )

1000-443: The United States in 1980. By the end of the 1930s, MCA had become the largest talent agency in the world, with over 700 clients, including movie stars, recording artists, Broadway actors, radio stars, and directors. The company's aggressive acquisition of clientele in all entertainment sectors earned MCA the nickname of "The Octopus". The company's activities led U.S. Department of Justice agents to investigate not only whether MCA

1050-432: The age of 23 and rose through the ranks of MCA for more than four decades, with Sonny Werblin as his right-hand man. Wasserman helped create MCA's radio show, Kay Kyser's Kollege of Musical Knowledge , which debuted on NBC Radio that same year. Following that success, Stein installed Wasserman in New York City in 1937, but Wasserman convinced him that Hollywood was the best place for the company's growth. The company

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1100-459: The animated action series Bionic Six (co-produced with TMS Entertainment ), The Morton Downey Jr. Show (taped at then-MCA owned WWOR-TV in Secaucus, NJ ), The Munsters Today (a revival of the Universal sitcom), and Pictionary , based on the popular board game. MCA Television attempted several branded TV packages in 1985 to 2001 including an ad hoc film network, a broadcast network and

1150-461: The company entered the book publishing business with the acquisition of G. P. Putnam's Sons . In 1979, it acquired ABC Records along with its subsidiaries Paramount Records , Impulse! Records , and Dot Records . ABC had acquired the Paramount and Dot labels when it purchased Gulf+Western 's record labels in 1974, then the parent company of Paramount Pictures . From 1983 to 1989, Irving Azoff

1200-583: The company he founded and Wasserman took over as chairman and chief executive officer, while Sidney Sheinberg was appointed president and chief operating officer of MCA. Other executives within MCA were Lawrence R. Barnett, who ran the agency's live acts division during its glory agency years in the 1950s and 1960s, and Ned Tanen , head of Universal Pictures . Tanen was behind Universal hits such as Animal House , and John Hughes 's Sixteen Candles and The Breakfast Club . MCA issued soundtrack albums for most films released by Universal Pictures. In 1975,

1250-428: The course of at least two years, and each month, the stations would be allowed to air the movie twice; usually once in prime time and a rerun in late night hours. At the end of their barter run , these features would revert to the Debut Network stations for additional cash runs with no interim pay cable window. Frequently, the versions prepared for broadcast would contain alternate takes and scenes originally cut from

1300-436: The deal, MCA leased the studios back to Universal for $ 2 million a year, plus unlimited access to MCA's clients such as Jimmy Stewart, Rock Hudson , Doris Day and Alfred Hitchcock to make films for Universal. Stein, who by this time was the sole owner of MCA, decided to take the company public by giving 51% of his ownership of MCA to his employees, which included a 20% stake for Wasserman . The company went public on

1350-437: The deaths of Michael Myers and Dr. Loomis and leaves the audience in a gray area as to whether Jimmy survives, the television cut features an extended ending showing Jimmy alive (with a bandaged head wound from his slip) in the ambulance with Laurie Strode. They hold hands and Laurie says, "We made it." The rough cut of Dune , without post-production effects, ran over four hours long but director David Lynch 's intended cut of

1400-492: The end of 1962, MCA assumed full ownership of Universal. In 1964, MCA entered the music publishing business when it acquired Lou Levy 's Leeds Music, and formed Universal City Studios the same year in effort to merge under one umbrella both Universal Pictures and its Revue Studios division, which was later reincorporated as Universal Television in 1966. On July 15, 1964, MCA established the Studio Tour , which provided guests

1450-460: The film (as reflected in the seventh and final draft of the script) was almost three hours long. Universal and the film's financiers expected a standard, two-hour cut of the film. Dino De Laurentiis , his daughter Raffaella and Lynch excised numerous scenes, filmed new scenes that simplified or concentrated plot elements and added voice-over narrations, plus a new introduction by Virginia Madsen . Contrary to rumor, Lynch made no other version besides

1500-494: The film away from Sheinberg, including clandestine screenings of his preferred cut, which led to the Los Angeles Film Critics Association awarding the film Best Picture and Best Director, Sheinberg backed down and Universal released a "compromised" cut running 131 minutes and featuring a few of the changes suggested by Sheinberg while remaining faithful to Gilliam's vision. In January 1989, Universal released

1550-555: The final Decca pop label release, " Drift Away ", a No. 5 pop hit by Dobie Gray , was issued. MCA had two failed mergers in 1969. Initially, it planned a merger with Westinghouse Electric Corporation but that collapsed in April, and in July, they announced a proposed merger with the Firestone Tire and Rubber Company , but this too was called off in September. In 1973, Stein stepped down from

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1600-432: The graphic violence and blood edited out and many minor additional scenes added, while others are removed. This cut of the film was released in 2012 by Scream Factory on their Collector's Edition Blu-ray disc, and again in 2014 as a standalone DVD accompanying the "Complete Collection" Deluxe Edition Blu-ray set, which features entire series. The television cut runs approximately 92 minutes, roughly one minute less than

1650-611: The industry's biggest names (a select few handled by Wasserman personally). In reality, MCA's talent agency arm became defunct the day the DOJ filed the suit; dissolving it that October was a mere formality. MCA's now-former agents quickly formed new agencies, many of which are woven into the corporate fabric of today's talent management; Jerry Perenchio 's Chartwell Artists represented Elizabeth Taylor and Muhammad Ali . Former MCA agents Freddie Fields and David Begelman formed Creative Management Associates , another important new agency. By

1700-471: The music industry. It became a shareholder in USA Network in 1981, eventually owning 50% of the network (the other half was owned by Paramount). In 1982, its publishing division, G. P. Putnam's Sons, bought Grosset & Dunlap from Filmways . In 1984, MCA bought Walter Lantz Productions and its characters, including Woody Woodpecker . In 1985, MCA bought toy and video game company LJN . It also bought

1750-594: The new owners dropped the MCA name; the company became Universal Studios, Inc. MCA's music division, MCA Music Entertainment Group, was renamed Universal Music Group . MCA Records continued to live on as a label within the Universal Music Group. The following year, G. P. Putnam's Sons was sold to the Penguin Group subsidiary of Pearson PLC . In the spring of 2003, MCA Records was folded into Geffen Records . Its country music label, MCA Nashville Records ,

1800-496: The old Republic Pictures studio lot in Studio City, California . In February 1958, MCA acquired Paramount Pictures ' pre-1950 sound feature film library for $ 10 million, through a newly created MCA subsidiary, EMKA, Ltd. In December 1958, MCA bought the 423-acre (1.71 km ) Universal Studios lot from Universal Pictures for $ 11,250,000 and renamed it, as well as the actual television unit, Revue Studios . As part of

1850-481: The one who ordered that cut to be released. In 1996, The Criterion Collection released a box set of Brazil that included Gilliam's preferred 142-minute version of the film as well as the "Love Conquers All" cut of the movie. WNUV 54 By October 1988, the Debut Network was affiliated with at least 132 stations. For the week ending on October 16, 1988, the Debut Network's movie earned a 14.1 rating on just 132 stations. From September 4, 1988 through January 1, 1989,

1900-418: The pool of blood has been significantly shortened (or removed altogether in some prints) and moved just prior to the explosion which kills Myers and Loomis . Jill's stabbing is less graphic, and a moan from the ground implies she might have survived it. Also added are scenes of Michael cutting the power (this explains the dark setting throughout the latter half of the film) and a power generator kicking in. There

1950-415: The stations would edit the films as they chose for the individual standards of their markets. In 1988 , the movie network broadcast a special edition of Dune as a two-night event, with additional footage not included in the film's original release. An alternate version of Halloween II (sometimes referred to as 'The Television Cut') has aired on network television since the early 1980s, with most of

2000-514: The theatrical cut. As previously mentioned, a television version was aired in 1988 in two parts totaling 186 minutes including a "What happened last night" recap and second credit roll. Lynch disavowed this version and had his name removed from the credits, Alan Smithee being credited instead. This version (without recap and second credit roll) has occasionally been released on DVD as Dune: Extended Edition . Several longer versions have been spliced together. Although Universal has approached Lynch for

2050-411: The theatrical edits, usually to replace footage deemed unsuitable for television. These new edits were prepared on standard definition video, and sent to TV stations via satellite. However, when the films were resent to the affiliated stations for their cash runs, in most instances, the original theatrical versions were provided instead of the Debut Network recuts, in 16mm prints or on 1 inch videotape, and

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2100-433: The theatrical version. There are many edits such as the murder of Dr. Mixter is presumed to still happen, but remains off camera, as does Janet's, although dialogue indicates she might have gone home at the end of her shift instead of being killed. The scene where Michael stalks Alice is recut to imply that he attacks and kills her neighbor Mrs. Elrod instead. Jimmy's discovery of Mrs. Alves dead and his subsequent slipping in

2150-796: The three major television networks, especially NBC . MCA was the legal predecessor of Vivendi Universal and thereby NBCUniversal . Its other legal successor is Universal Music Group Holding Corp, a holding company owned by Universal Music Group (which has absorbed PolyGram ). MCA was formed in 1924 by Jules Stein and William R. Goodheart, Jr., as Music Corporation of America , a music booking agency based in Chicago, Illinois. MCA helped pioneer modern practices of touring bands and name acts. Early on, MCA booked such prominent artists as King Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton for clubs and speakeasies run by legendary notorious Chicago mobsters such as Al Capone and others. Lew Wasserman joined MCA in 1936 at

2200-513: Was a monopoly breaking antitrust laws, but also its suspected connections to underworld criminal activities. This investigation continued for the next few decades. In 1948, Jules Stein moved up as MCA's first chairman, giving Lew Wasserman charge of day-to-day operations of the company as president. That year, Stein and Wasserman decided to get into a new medium that would soon change the entertainment industry: television. Although many motion picture studios would not touch this new medium, thinking it

2250-402: Was an American media conglomerate founded in 1924. Originally a talent agency with artists in the music business as clients, the company became a major force in the film industry, and later expanded into television production. MCA published music, booked acts, ran the MCA Records music label, represented film, television and radio stars, and eventually produced and sold television programs to

2300-509: Was chairman of MCA Records and is credited for turning around the fortunes of the label. The Chess Records catalog was acquired from the remnants of Sugarhill in 1985. Motown Records was bought in 1988 (and sold to PolyGram in 1993). GRP Records (which became for some years MCA's jazz music label and thus began managing the company's jazz catalogue) and Geffen Records (which served as another mainstream music subsidiary) were acquired in 1990. MCA also acquired other assets outside of

2350-542: Was forced to sell WWOR-TV in 1991 to Pinelands, Inc. because of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules that foreign companies could not own over 25% of a U.S. TV station. In 1995, Seagram acquired 80% of MCA from Matsushita. On November 26, 1996, MCA announced that it would acquire television syndication company Multimedia Entertainment from Gannett , who acquired its parent company in 1995, for $ 40 million. On December 9, 1996,

2400-644: Was granted, the company formed MCA Television Limited for syndication . In 1950, Revue Productions , once a live concert promotion division that produced "Stage Door Canteen" live events for the USO during World War II, was re-launched as MCA's television production subsidiary. By 1956, Revue became the top supplier of television for all broadcast networks, spanning three decades of television programs such as Armour Theater , General Electric Theater , The Jane Wyman Show , Leave It to Beaver , Wagon Train , and many others. Prior to 1958, all Revue's shows were filmed at

2450-506: Was guided by a codification of Stein's pet policies known as "The Rules of The Road". The Rules were passed down from the Prohibition era, Chicago–area MCA (referenced in books like Citizen Cohn and The King and Queen of Hollywood ) to the 1940s Los Angeles–area firm, which focused on representing movie actors. The Rules were next passed to the 1950s generation of MCA talent agents, including Jerry Perenchio , who later owned and headed

2500-402: Was just a fad and would fade away, MCA decided to embrace it. First, however, the company needed to get a waiver from the Screen Actors Guild , which ruled at the time that talent agencies such as MCA were prohibited from producing TV shows or films. Thanks to the newly elected SAG president, Ronald Reagan (an MCA client), MCA was granted a waiver to start producing TV shows. After the waiver

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