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23-714: Universal Newsreel (sometimes known as Universal-International Newsreel or just U-I Newsreel ) was a series of 7- to 10-minute newsreels that were released twice a week between 1929 and 1967 by Universal Studios . A Universal publicity official, Sam B. Jacobson , was involved in originating and producing the newsreels. Nearly all of them were filmed in black-and-white, and many were narrated by Ed Herlihy . From January 1919 to July 1929, Universal released International Newsreel , produced by Hearst 's International News Service —this series later became Hearst Metrotone News released first by Fox Film Corporation 1929–1934 and then by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer beginning in 1934. In 1974,

46-626: A News Theatre in London Waterloo station , in 1934, showing a continuous programme for travellers. Waterloo Station News Theatre was later a cartoon cinema, as Cartoon Cinema , later screening double bills of old "classic" films, as Classic Cinema Waterloo . Victoria Station News Theatre was later a cartoon cinema, as Cartoon Cinema . Victoria Station News Theatre , Waterloo Station News Theatre , and Cameo News Theatre Victoria were designed by Alister MacDonald, son of Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald . Victoria Station News Theatre

69-401: A feature film , but there were also dedicated newsreel theaters in many major cities in the 1930s and ’40s, and some large city cinemas also included a smaller theaterette where newsreels were screened continuously throughout the day. By the end of the 1960s television news broadcasts had supplanted the format. Newsreels are considered significant historical documents, since they are often

92-449: A short subject or travelogue . Afterward, newsreels came to occupy a shorter length of the programme, replaced by other, more entertaining elements. Programs typically lasted one hour, and were shown continuously, without any interval between performances. Actor Peter O'Toole , who grew up in Leeds in the 1930s, reported in an interview with Roger Ebert that his father often took him to

115-756: A popular source of file footage in recent years. The History Channel made them a key part of the TV series Year-By-Year . Also, C-SPAN and CNN regularly use the films for video of events that took place before those networks were founded. Also in the United Kingdom as Universal News from 1930 to 1959, a successor to Empire News Bulletin, and in Ireland as Universal Irish News, both are currently held (including British Paramount News) under Reuters archive. Other U.S. newsreel series included Pathé News (1910–1956), Fox Movietone News (1928–1963), Hearst Metrotone News/News of

138-629: The DuMont Television Network launched two short-lived newsreel series, Camera Headlines and I.N.S. Telenews , the latter in cooperation with Hearst's International News Service . On August 15, 1948, CBS started their evening television news program Douglas Edwards and the News . Later the NBC, CBS, and ABC (USA) news shows all produced their own news film. In New Zealand, the Weekly Review

161-550: The silent era until the 1960s when television news broadcasting completely supplanted its role. The National Film and Sound Archive in Australia holds the Cinesound Movietone Australian Newsreel Collection, a comprehensive collection of 4,000 newsreel films and documentaries representing news stories covering all major events. The first official British news cinema that only showed newsreels

184-525: The 1970s, rendered them obsolete. Newsreel cinemas either closed or went to showing continuous programmes of cartoons and short subjects, such as the London Victoria Station News Cinema, later Cartoon Cinema that opened in 1933 and closed in 1981. The last American newsreel was released on December 26, 1967, the day after Christmas . Nonetheless, some countries such as Cuba, Japan, Spain, and Italy continued producing newsreels into

207-468: The 1980s and 1990s. An Australian movie production dramatizing the cameramen and producers of newsreels was released in 1978. The title was Newsfront . Some events featured during the presentation were regarding the 1949 election of the Australian Prime Minister, the rabbit plague, and the introduction of television (1956). A 2016 Irish documentary, Éire na Nuachtscannán ("Ireland in

230-503: The Day (1914–1967), Paramount News (1927–1957), and The March of Time (1935–1951). Newsreel A newsreel is a form of short documentary film , containing news stories and items of topical interest, that was prevalent between the 1910s and the mid 1970s. Typically presented in a cinema , newsreels were a source of current affairs, information, and entertainment for millions of moviegoers. Newsreels were typically exhibited preceding

253-590: The Newsreels") looked at the newsreel age in Ireland , mostly focusing on Pathé News and how the (British) company altered its newsreels for an Irish audience. Research Guides Media [REDACTED] Media related to Newsreels at Wikimedia Commons News cinema The first official news cinema, The Daily Bioscope , opened in London on 23 May 1909. "...at the corner of Bishopsgate and New Street (opposite

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276-619: The administration's goals, created Die Deutsche Wochenschau (1940–1945). There were no other newsreels disseminated within the country during the war. In some countries, newsreels generally used music as a background for usually silent on-site film footage. In some countries, the narrator used humorous remarks for light-hearted or non-tragic stories. In the U.S., newsreel series included The March of Time (1935–1951), Pathé News (1910–1956), Paramount News (1927–1957), Fox Movietone News (1928–1963), Hearst Metrotone News (1914–1967), and Universal Newsreel (1929–1967). Pathé News

299-633: The country. The newsreels were often accompanied by cartoons or short subjects . The First World War saw the major countries using the newest technologies to develop propaganda for home audiences. Each used carefully edited newsreels to combine straight news reports and propaganda. During the Second World War, the Reich Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda , a state organization in Nazi Germany for disseminating stories favorable to

322-590: The dismissal of fifteen men on the grounds of redundancy while conciliation under trade union agreements was pending. Their strike lasted through to at least Tuesday August 16, the Tuesday being the last day for production on new newsreels shown on the Thursday. Events of the strike resulted in over three hundred cinemas across Britain having to go without newsreels that week. In 1936, when the BBC Television Service

345-494: The films' owner, MCA , made the decision to donate all its edited newsreels and outtakes collection to the National Archives , without copyright restrictions. The decision effectively released the films into the public domain , although some stories may contain other underlying intellectual property or proprietary use rights. Because royalties no longer have to be paid in order to broadcast them, Universal Newsreels have become

368-638: The only audiovisual record of certain cultural events. this list is incomplete. Silent news films were shown in cinemas from the late 19th century. In 1909 Pathé started producing weekly newsreels in Europe. Pathé began producing newsreels for the UK in 1910 and the US in 1911. Newsreels were a staple of the typical North American , British , and Commonwealth countries (especially Canada , Australia , and New Zealand ), and throughout European cinema programming schedule from

391-620: The side entrance to Liverpool Street Railway Station ). The Daily Bioscope was opened in a converted shop on 23rd May 1906 with Lubin Manufacturing Company ' s “The San Francisco Disaster”, Pathé Frères' “The Olympic Games at Athens” ( Jeux Olympiques d'Athènes ) and two short comedies. It had 100-seats and was operated by G.F. Silas on behalf of the Gaumont Company ." In 1929, the United States first dedicated news cinema

414-509: Was "the principal film series produced in the 1940s". The first television news broadcasts in the country, incorporating newsreel footage, began in 1960. Newsreel-producing companies excluded television companies from their distribution, but the television companies countered by sending their own camera crews to film news events. Newsreels died out because of the nightly television news broadcast, and technological advances such as electronic news-gathering for television news , introduced in

437-652: Was distributed by RKO Radio Pictures from 1931 to 1947, and then by Warner Brothers from 1947 to 1956. An example of a newsreel story can be found in the film Citizen Kane (1941), which was prepared by RKO's actual newsreel staff. Citizen Kane includes a fictional newsreel called "News on the March" that summarizes the life of title character Charles Foster Kane while parodying The March of Time . On August 12, 1949, one hundred twenty cinema technicians employed by Associated British Pathé in London went on strike to protest

460-502: Was in operation from 1933 until being demolished in 1981. In England in 1951, however, when Seebohm Rowntree published his study on English Life and Leisure , he counted "approximately 20 news cinemas in London", and "very few [...] in the provinces, probably not more than a dozen in all". According to Rowntree, a population of at least 300,000 was needed in a town for a news cinema to be sustainable. The original programmes of news cinemas featured mainly of newsreels , possibly with

483-603: Was launched in the United Kingdom, it was airing the British Movietone and Gaumont British newsreels for several years (except for a hiatus during World War II), until 1948, when the service launched their own newsreel programme, titled Television Newsreel , that would last until July 1954, when it was replaced by News and Newsreel . On February 16, 1948, NBC launched a ten-minute television program called Camel Newsreel Theatre with John Cameron Swayze that featured newsreels with Swayze doing voiceovers. Also in 1948,

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506-561: Was the Daily Bioscope that opened in London on May 23, 1909. In 1929, William Fox purchased a former cinema called the Embassy . He changed the format from a $ 2 show twice a day to a continuous 25-cent programme, establishing the first newsreel theater in the United States; the idea was such a success that Fox and his backers announced they would start a chain of newsreel theaters across

529-563: Was the Embassy Theatre on Broadway , New York City , which opened in 1925 as a first-run theater, before Loew's Inc. converted it into a news theater on 2 November 1929. However, because of competition with television news, it reverted into a first-run theater in 1949. In 1933, Jack Diamond's Capitol and Provincial News Theatres (later renamed as Classic Cinemas ) opened a News Theatre in London Victoria Station then,

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