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48-518: On 17 December 2007, Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal led by Upendra Yadav and Nepal Sadbhvana Party led by Rajendra Mahato announced a protest programme with a nine-point demand. The two parties announced three-week long joint agitation in the Terai region starting from 26 December. The two-party alliance was initially known as the United Madhesi Front and called for the government to implement

96-418: A Central Election Board headed by Sitanandan Raya to lead the election campaign of the party. The party also expelled some members for rejecting the 22-point agreement signed with the government. The expelled party members, vice-chairman Bhagyanath Gupta, Kishore Kumar Bishwas, Ram Kumar Sharma and Jitendra Prasad Sonal had tried to dump party chairman Upendra Yadav but failed after not having enough support in

144-579: A ban on MJFN. An MJFN spokesperson, Sitanandan Raya, claimed that the Maoists had been the attackers in Gaur, and that MJF had only retaliated. On 11 April 2007, MJFN formed a three-member panel to look into the Gaur killings, consisting of former Supreme Court Justice Balram Singh Kunwar, Surendra Mishra and Lal Babu Yadav. The findings of the panel stated that MJFN had been attacked by MMM, and that violence had been committed by other Madhesi outfits. Incidents between

192-564: A ban on the Young Communist League , the youth organisation of CPN (Maoist). Kishore Kumar Bishwas of the MJFN talk team said that MJFN would not let the constituent assembly elections be held unless their demands were met. MJFN also formed Madhesi Youth Forum as a result of clashes with YCL. A second round of talks were on 25 July 2007 in Dhulikhel but the talks ended inconclusively after

240-541: A boycott of the 2017 local , general and provincial elections until their demands for constitutional amendment was met. FSFN however contested the local elections though still demanded constitution amendment be made before the second phase of local elections. Six of the seven constituents of the alliance, barring Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal , later merged to form the Rastriya Janata Party Nepal on 21 April 2017. The constituents of RJPN which had boycotted

288-452: A central committee meeting of the party, MJFN warned the government of new agitations until their demands were met by 31 August 2007. On 30 August 2007, the government reached a 22-point deal with MJFN which included provisions for a mixed electoral system in the upcoming constituent assembly elections, martyr status to those killed during the agitation and proportional representation for marginalised groups. On 6 September 2007, MJFN formed

336-460: A government committee to initiate talks with agitating parties in the Terai led by Mahantha Thakur invited MJFN for formal talks. The MJFN suspended its strikes for a ten-day period to enter talks with the government. MJFN also laid down three preconditions for talks to start; a probe into the incident in Lahan with the Maoists, the formation of a high-level committee to investigate the atrocities against

384-632: A member of the front. The prolonged agitation in the Terai region that borders India also led to the 2015 Nepal blockade , the UDMF offered to lift the blockade only after their demands for constitution amendment was made. In early 2017, the alliance also protested the Local Level Restructuring Commission Report and the Constituency Delimitation Commission report accusing them of bias. The alliance also announced

432-678: A vehicle belonging to the Maoists. A 16-year-old boy from the MJFN side was killed in the incident. In the ensuing days deadly clashes and demonstrations in Siraha District and around the Terai region left several dead and many more injured. The ancestral house of CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) general secretary Madhav Kumar Nepal in Gaur in Rautahat District was also vandalised by MJFN activists and Nepal Sadbhawana Party leader Badri Mandal. The protests continued despite curfews imposed by

480-640: The 2nd Constituent Assembly . On 16 June 2015, the party merged with Federal Socialist Party, Nepal and Khas Samabeshi Party to form the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal . In a report, the INSEC, which had participated in the previous probe on the Gaur killings, accused the MJF of 33 killings and 7 adductions in the November 2006–November 2007 period. Reporters Without Borders stated in a report dated June 2007 that MJF

528-561: The First Past the Post seats. The party did however fail to meet the requirement of nominating 33% women as only three MJFN candidates in the first past the post election were women. On March 16, 2008, MJF released its election manifesto. The manifesto proposed making Nepal a federal, secular republic with a directly-elected executive president. The parliament would have two chambers, the upper chamber would be an 'Assembly of Ethnicities'. According to

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576-647: The House of Representatives and finished with the fourth highest vote count in proportional representation . The party won in key areas of their home province, Province No. 2 , winning 13 mayoral seats out of 67 municipalities in the province, which is nearly 19%, making it the 3rd largest party at the local level in the province. The party won 25 seats in the provincial assembly for Province No. 2 , 1 seat in Lumbini Province and 2 seats in Sudurpashchim . Following

624-607: The Madhesi People's Rights Forum, Nepal , was a political party in Nepal . It was initially not a political party as such but a political advocacy movement demanding ethnic self-determination rights with the formation of a Madhes autonomous region for Teraibasi people, an election system based on proportional representation , and the setting-up of a federal republic in Nepal. The MJFN includes former leaders of other political parties like

672-538: The Nepal Army . On February 28, 2008, UDMF signed an 8-point deal with the government of Nepal, ending a 16-day general strike in the Tarai areas. The government and the front agreed to establish a federal democratic republic, declare an autonomous Madhesh, ensure proportional representation for marginalised communities in Nepal Army , declare the people killed in the agitation as martyrs and provide free medical treatment to

720-452: The Nepal Army . The UDMF protests called for a general strike in the Terai districts and clashes with the police. On February 28, 2008 UDMF signed an 8-point deal with the government of Nepal, ending a 16-day general strike in the Tarai areas. The government and the front agreed to establish a federal democratic republic, declare an autonomous Madhesh, ensure proportional representation for marginalised communities in Nepal Army , declare

768-698: The Nepali Congress and CPN (UML) . The party was registered with the Election Commission of Nepal ahead of the 2008 Constituent Assembly election . On 16 June 2015, the party merged with Federal Socialist Party and Khas Samabeshi Party to form the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal . The Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum was founded in the mid-1990s as a cross-party non-governmental organization that advocated for Madheshi rights by former CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist) leader Upendra Yadav and Nepali Congress leader Jay Prakash Gupta . On January 16, 2007,

816-746: The 22-point demand that had been signed with MJFN in the first Madhesh movement . On 9 February 2008, the Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party joined the United Madhesi Front and the United Democratic Madhesi Front was formed. The front wanted the government to declare an autonomous Madhesh province in the Terai region of Nepal. The front also wanted the Election Commission Act be amended to increase inclusiveness of Madhesis , Janajatis and Dalits in state organs including

864-689: The Interim Constitution which they said had failed to address the demands of the Madhesi people . MJFN announced an indefinite vehicular strike in Janakpur against the arrest of Upendra Yadav and other activists of the organisation. During the enforcement of the strike in Lahan in Siraha District , clashes erupted between CPN (Maoist) and MJFN members after the Maoists opened fire when MJFN activists stopped

912-654: The MJFN and NEFIN but the MJFN refused after their demands for the formation of a committee and the removal of Sitaula were not met. Incidents between MJFN and the Eight Party Aliiance continued through February and March with clashes reported in Rupandehi District , Banke District and Parsa District . A 14 year-old schoolboy caught in the clashes was also killed in Puraina in Banke District . The protest

960-424: The MJFN and the Maoists still occurred after the Gaur incident in Rupandehi District and Sunsari District . On April 26, 2007, MJFN registered itself as a political party with the Election Commission of Nepal while still carrying out strikes in the Terai region . A government talk team led by Ram Chandra Paudel was formed to hold formal talks with the MJFN and informal talks between Paudel and Upendra Yadav

1008-493: The Madhes agitation. During the first session of talks, agreement was reached on half of the demands presented by the MJFN. The government accepted demands for forming a State Reconstruction Commission, giving martyr status for the people who had died during the agitations and compensation to their families. Clashes between the Maoists and MJFN continued in between talks with the government. Party chairman Upendra Yadav also called for

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1056-606: The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal called a general strike in the Terai region of Nepal. The strike was called to demand amendments to the Interim Constitution to include federalism and a new delimitation of constituencies. During a protest in Kathmandu, 14 members of the party including chairman Upendra Yadav and member of the Interim Parliament , Amresh Kumar Singh were arrested after they had burnt copies of

1104-530: The Madhesi people during the agitation and the removal of Minister of Home Affairs Krishna Prasad Sitaula. On 19 February 2007, MJFN called for fresh protests and general strikes in coordination with Nepal Federation of Indigenous Nationalities after accusing the government of failing to create a conducive environment for talks. Two days later the Thakur Committee sent a second formal invitation for talks with

1152-549: The Terai and there were clashes between the UMF and the police The Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party also joined the agitation and the three parties formed the United Democratic Mahdesi Front . The UDMF put forth six demands, including formation of a Madhesi autonomous state, right to self-determination, proportional representation of Madhesis, Janajatis and Dalits and recruitments of Madhesis in civil services including

1200-486: The cabinet. The party faced another split on 24 May 2011 after Jay Prakash Prasad Gupta broke away from the party with 13 members of the Constituent Assembly to form Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (Republican) after criticizing party chairman Upendra Yadav of supporting the Maoists. The split left MJFN with 11 seats in the Constituent Assembly. In the 2013 Constituent Assembly elections , the party won 10 seats to

1248-526: The central committee and challenged Yadav's decision. Later on 29 July 2009, Gachhadar split from the party taking 26 members of the Constituent Assembly and formed the Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum, Nepal (Democratic). In March 2011, the party decided to support a new coalition government of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist) under Jhala Nath Khanal , and on May of that year Upendra Yadav was inducted as Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home affairs in

1296-422: The central committee. The dissidents later formed their own party, Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum Madhesh . On October 6, 2007, MJFN stated that the government had failed to fulfill its part of the 22-point agreement and was failing to safeguard communal harmony. The party also called for the formation of an all-party government to hold the elections. The party announced the initiation of a new wave of protests after

1344-516: The constituent assembly to 54 seats. The party joined the coalition government of CPN (Maoist) along with CPN (UML) , Sadbhavana Party and CPN (United) . The party got four ministerial berths in the coalition government with Upendra Yadav becoming Minister of Foreign Affairs , Bijay Kumar Gachhadar becoming Minister for Physical Planning and Works, Jay Prakash Gupta becoming Minister for Agriculture and Cooperatives and Renu Kumari Yadav becoming Minister of Education . Bijay Kumar Gachhadar

1392-527: The election, RJPN and Federal Socialist Forum announced that they would form a coalition government in Province No. 2 , with FSFN getting the post of Chief Minister and RJPN getting the post of Speaker. The party won 2 seats in the National Assembly elections, both candidates were elected unopposed from Province No. 2 . On 20 April 2018, disgruntled leaders led by Ashok Kumar Yadav broke away from

1440-541: The elections set for November were postponed and the government had failed to honor their agreement. On 19 January 2008, MJF and the Rajendra Mahato -led Nepal Sadbhavana Party formed the United Madhesi Front , with a 9-point programme. The front reinforced demands for the creation of a Madhes autonomous state and announced the start of their agitation on 23 January. The protests shut down several districts in

1488-450: The first two phases of the local election later participated in the third phase of local elections. The parties did not have an electoral alliance for the 2008 and 2013 Constituent Assembly elections but the Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal and Rastriya Janata Party Nepal had an electoral alliance for the 2017 general and provincial elections. Madheshi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal The Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum, Nepal ( MJFN ), or

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1536-641: The government request a two-day break for more homework. When the two sides met two days later in Godawari there was no real progress in meeting any of the MJFN demands and Upendra Yadav had also floated the idea of dissolving the Interim Parliament . A fourth round of talks on 5 August 2007 which included Dev Gurung from the CPN (Maoist) , Prakash Sharan Mahat from Nepali Congress (Democratic) and Jhala Nath Khanal from CPN (UML) also concluded inconclusively after both sides could not find common ground. MJFN also opposed

1584-555: The ideology of democratic system . On 22 April 2020, the party merged with Samajbadi Party, Nepal to form Janata Samajbadi Party, Nepal . On 14 April 2017, six of the seven constituents of the United Democratic Madhesi Front agreed in principle to merge in a bid to form a strong force representing the Terai region. The party was formed on 21 April, as the Rastriya Janata Party and Mahanta Thakur

1632-523: The incident. Blood was also spilled in a nearby temple and the killings in Hajmaniya and Mudwalawa was said to have occurred because of stoning and beatings. In response to the incident, CPN (Maoist) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal compared MJFN to the Contras of Nicaragua and claimed that MJFN was used by imperialists, Hindu extremists and royal reactionaries to derail the peace process in Nepal and called for

1680-407: The inclusion of a member of the Maoists in the government talk team. Upendra Yadav met prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala on 19 August 2007 and expressed that Koirala was positive towards the MJFN demands. Another round of talks between the government and MJFN was held on 20 August 2007 but MJFN exited the talks after accusing the government side of not seriously considering their demands. After

1728-585: The injured. Through signing the deal, the UDMF agreed to participate in the Constituent Assembly election . In June 2008, the three parties agreed to revive the front, following the holding of the election. The UDMF was reformed by Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum, Nepal , Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum (Republican), Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum, Nepal (Democratic) , Nepal Sadbhawna Party , Rastriya Madhesh Samajbadi Party, Sadbhawana Party , Terai Madhesh Loktantrik Party and Terai Madhesh Sadbhavana Party . The alliance

1776-595: The local administration and several protesters were injured after clashes with the police. Many government offices in the Terai were padlocked and signs saying Nepal Government were changed to Madhesh Government. On February 6, 2007, MJFN cadres abducted CPN (Maoist) leader and member of the Interim Parliament, Chinak Kurmi and other Maoist cadres in Bhairahwa . They were released after five hours after Kurmi apologised for harassing MJFN activists. On 7 February 2007,

1824-428: The manifesto, regions of Nepal should have the right to self-determination and the formation of a single Madhesh province. The manifesto also demanded increased recruitment of Madhesi youths into the army. In the Constituent Assembly elections, the party won 52 seats to the 1st Constituent Assembly becoming the fourth largest party. An additional two members were nominated from the party taking their total strength in

1872-583: The merger of Tarai Madhes Loktantrik Party , led by the Mahantha Thakur , Terai Madhes Sadbhawana Party , led by the Mahendra Raya Yadav , Sadbhavana Party , led by the Rajendra Mahato , Nepal Sadbhawana Party , led by the Anil Kumar Jha , Madhesi Jana Adhikar Forum (Republican), led by Rajkishor Yadav and Rastriya Madhesh Samajwadi Party, led by Sharat Singh Bhandari . The party was founded with

1920-431: The people killed in the agitation as martyrs and provide free medical treatment to the injured. The agreement also made a special provision so that the constituents of the UDMF could file candidacy for the constituency assembly elections even after the deadline had passed. On 3 March 3, 2008, MJFN submitted a list of 101 candidates for the proportional representation election. The party also nominated 105 candidates for

1968-755: The same venue, the Rice Mill Grounds. Upendra Yadav was going to address the rally for MJFN and lawmaker Prabhu Shah was going to address the Madhesi Mukti Morcha rally. When the rallies organised by both groups in the city converged in the Rice Mill Grounds violent clashes erupted between both sides including reports of bullets of fired. Later twelve bodies were discovered in the place were the clashes had occurred and 15 more bodies were found in Hajmaniya and Mudwalawa about 5 km away from Gaur. Instances of rape, extreme torture and burning were reported during

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2016-539: The third phase of the local elections but changed their decision later. The election of 1,112 candidates of the party handed it the second highest number of candidates elected in Province No. 2 . The party won 25 mayoral posts, including a win in Janakpur . Ahead of the legislative and provincial elections , the RJPN formed an alliance with the Upendra Yadav -led Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal . The party won 17 seats in

2064-532: Was "the most aggressive group towards journalists." Rastriya Janata Party Nepal The Rastriya Janata Party, Nepal , abbr. RJPN ( Nepali : राष्ट्रिय जनता पार्टी, नेपाल , translation : National People's Party, Nepal ) was the fourth-largest political party in Nepal after the Nepali Congress , the Nepal Communist Party and the Samajbadi Party, Nepal . It was formed on 21 April 2017 after

2112-446: Was also elected as the parliamentary party leader of the party in the Constituent Assembly. On 5 June 2009, Upendra Yadav expelled Bijay Kumar Gachhadar and six other members after his agreement to join the new CPN (UML)-led government. The party also announced that it was withdrawing support for the CPN (UML) government. Gachhadar claimed the majority support of the parliamentary party and

2160-469: Was announced as its chairperson. The party on 26 April, changed its name to Rastriya Janata Party Nepal (RJPN) after it clashed with another party bearing the name Rastriya Janata Party, which later merged with Nepal Loktantrik Forum , registered with the Election Commission. The party registered with the Election Commission on 7 July 2017. The party had initially decided to not participate in

2208-580: Was formed against the proposed province demarcation by the major political parties. The alliance said that the proposed demarcation violated the previous agreements that had been signed between them during the first and second Madhesh movement that ensured a single Madhesh province. Forum Democratic was expelled from the alliance on 15 June 2015 after the party signed an agreement with the government. The Madhesi Janaadhikar Forum, Nepal later merged with Federal Socialist Party, Nepal and Khas Samabeshi Party to form Federal Socialist Forum, Nepal but stayed on as

2256-502: Was halted for three days from 4 March 2007 to celebrate the Holi festival but was resumed after the end of festivities. On 12 March 2007, MJFN announced the suspension of its indefinite strike but still continued the lock-out of customs office and government offices. On 21 March 2007, clashes erupted in Gaur in Rautahat District between the MJFN and the Madhesi Mukti Morcha of the CPN (Maoist) . Both groups had scheduled their mass meeting in

2304-621: Was held on 9 May 2007. Formal talks between the two sides however could not be held after MJFN's calls for formation of a judicial commission and withdrawals of all charges against MJFN cadres were not met. The two sides finally began formal talks in Janakpur on 1 June 2007. MJF presented a list of 26 demands including the restructuring of state, formation of a commission to implement state restructuring, inclusion of Madhesi people in all organs of state, federal system of governance, proportional representation , withdrawal of charges against all leaders of MJFN and compensation to those injured during

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