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59-666: Peking Union Medical College students in the 8-year clinical medicine program could receive a Peking Union Medical College diploma and degree signed by both the Peking Union Medical College and Tsinghua presidents. It was merged with the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences in 1957 and operates as one single institution with two names directly under the Ministry of Health , now the National Health Commission . It

118-540: A Rockefeller Foundation -created symbol of U.S. cultural imperialism , in January 1951. The Ministry of Health began operating the school. The Ministry of Health changed its name to China Union Medical College but did not radically alter the curriculum except to switch the language of instruction from English to Chinese. In 1952 the People's Liberation Army took charge of operations and remained in charge until 1956. The curriculum

177-580: A broad range of subjects, including science, engineering, arts and literature, social sciences, law, medicine. Along with its membership in the C9 League, Tsinghua University affiliations include the Association of Pacific Rim Universities , a group of 50 leading Asian and American universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, a group of 35 premier global universities, and

236-596: A ceremony attended by the president of Johns Hopkins University, the chair of the China Medical Board and representatives of the Rockefeller family and Rockefeller Brothers Fund. John Black Grant, M.D., M.P.H. was a founding faculty member of PUMC and served from 1921 to 1938 as professor and chair of its Department of Public Health. Dr. Grant is the father of James P. Grant , the third executive director of UNICEF . The PRC government nationalized PUMC, describing it as

295-484: A degree in chemical engineering, along with the CCP General Secretary and former Paramount Leader of China Hu Jintao '64, who graduated with a degree in hydraulic engineering . In addition to its powerful alumni, Tsinghua has a reputation for hosting globally prominent guest speakers, with international leaders Bill Clinton , Tony Blair , Henry Kissinger , Carlos Ghosn , and Henry Paulson having lectured to

354-447: A government agency exists in name only, and its functions are in practice performed by another agency or a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) organization, so that in effect one institution has two or more governmental brands to use selectively for political, historical, or bureaucratic reasons. This type of arrangement was historically common until the mid-1980s, but has been extensively revived by reforms which began in 2017. Generally,

413-669: A joint MD program in clinical medical science. Enrollment in the clinical medical science at PUMC is based on individual's performance in high school and National Exam score at graduation. The curriculum of clinical medical science is 8 years, accepts about 90 students each year and includes 2.5 years of pre-medical education in the School of Life Sciences at Tsinghua University; the students have their pre-med studies at Tsinghua University and are considered as students of both PUMC and Tsinghua University. The college also has its independent Graduate School, which recruits from other medical schools around

472-625: A large internal structure and is a retained name for the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology ). According to scholar Anne-Marie Brady , the State Council Information Office is an example of a "public face" for "foreign propaganda work" of the Central Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party . Chinese public universities' internal CCP committee and the universities' office of

531-550: A name" is when an organization that has absorbed another can continue to use said organization's name for bureaucratic purposes. For example, the United Front Work Department (UFWD) (a communist party institution) uses the name of the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office (OCAO) (a state institution), which it absorbed in 2018, when making statements related to overseas Chinese affairs. In this case,

590-476: A pilot project to reform undergraduate education at the university. Modeled after universities in the United States and Europe, Xinya combines general and professional education in a liberal arts tradition, featuring a core curriculum of Chinese and Western literature and civilization studies and required courses in physical education and foreign languages. Furthermore, while most Tsinghua undergraduates must choose

649-475: A preparatory school for students the government planned to send to the United States. Faculty members for sciences were recruited by the YMCA from the United States, and its graduates transferred directly to American schools as juniors upon graduation. The motto of Tsinghua, "Self-Discipline and Social Commitment", was derived from a 1914 speech by prominent scholar and faculty member Liang Qichao , in which he quoted

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708-507: A specific major upon entrance, Xinya students declare their majors at the end of freshman year, enabling them to explore several different fields of study. In December 2014, Tsinghua University established the Advisory Committee of Undergraduate Curriculum (ACUC). It became the first student autonomous organization in mainland China for students to participate in the school's management. The Tsinghua University Academic Committee, which

767-498: Is also sometimes referred to as "one institution, two brands." Within Chinese bureaucratic nomenclature, "one institution with two names" is distinct from "co-located offices" ( Chinese : 合署办公 ; pinyin : héshǔ bàngōng ). In the latter situation, two institutions or agencies retain their distinct structure and personnel, and only share office spaces and physical resources. An organization can acquire an additional name when it

826-480: Is also very competitive. Only about 16% of MBA applicants are admitted each year. Research at Tsinghua University is mainly supported by government funding from national programs and special projects. In the areas of science and technology, funding from these sources totals over 20 billion yuan, which subsidizes more than 1,400 projects every year conducted by the university. With the prospective increase of state investment in science and technology, research at Tsinghua

885-473: Is extremely competitive. Undergraduate admissions for domestic students is decided through the gaokao , the Chinese national college entrance exam, which allows students to list Tsinghua University among their preferred college choices. While selectivity varies by province, the sheer number of high school students applying for college each year has resulted in overall acceptance rates far lower than 0.1% of all test takers. Admission to Tsinghua's graduate schools

944-519: Is in northwest Beijing, on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty . The university has 21 schools and 59 departments, with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine, history, philosophy, economics, management, education, and art. Tsinghua University was established in Beijing during a tumultuous period of national upheaval and conflicts with foreign powers which culminated in

1003-716: Is part of the Project 211 list of universities receiving national funding. Peking Union Medical College is listed as one of the top 350 universities in the World University Rankings. It is consistently ranked among the top medical schools in China and has ranked in the top 1 or 2 best nationwide, together with Capital Medical University among Chinese Medical Universities in the recognized Best Chinese Universities Ranking . As of 2024, its "Biomedical Engineering" and "Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences" were ranked 2nd and 34th in

1062-710: Is projected to receive more financial support from the state. In 2007, Tsinghua was granted security clearance to conduct classified research of military interest. Each year, the university hosts the Intellectual Property Summer Institute in cooperation with Franklin Pierce Law Center of Concord , New Hampshire. The scientific research institutions in Tsinghua University are divided into three categories, including government-approved institutions, institutions independently established by

1121-409: Is responsible for multiple duties or uses an additional name when dealing with foreign institutions. This happens when two institutions or offices merged, with the original institution taking on the responsibilities and duties of the merged office by using only its existing resources. Such organizations usually do not have separate leadership or staff because of additional names. "Externally retaining

1180-696: Is the first medical school in China to introduce the 8-year MD program. The Peking Union Medical College Hospital was founded in 1906. The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions , the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. , the London Missionary Society , and later, the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church , the Society for

1239-714: The Times Higher Education Rankings by Subjects , which are historical strengths for Tsinghua. Since 2015, Tsinghua University has overtaken the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to top the list of Best Global Universities for Engineering published by the U.S. News & World Report and as of 2024, it also ranked number one globally in 9 subjects: "Artificial Intelligence", " Chemical Engineering", "Chemistry", "Computer Science", "Energy and Fuels", "Engineering", "Environment Engineering", "Environment/Ecology" and "Material Science". As of 2024,

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1298-418: The U.S. News & World Report also placed "Civil Engineering", "Condensed Matter Physics", "Electrical and Electronic Engineering", "Geosciences", "Green and Sustainable Science and Technology", "Mechanical Engineering", "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences", "Nanoscience and Nanotechnology", "Optics", "Physical Chemistry", "Physics" and "Water Resources" at Tsinghua in the global Top 10 universities. In

1357-901: The ARWU 's Global Ranking of Academic Subjects 2020, Tsinghua ranks in the world's top five universities in "Telecommunication Engineering", "Instruments Science & Technology", "Civil Engineering", "Chemical Engineering", "Mechanical Engineering", "Nanoscience & Nanotechnology", "Energy Science & Engineering", and "Transportation Science & Technology" and falls within the global top 10 for "Electrical & Electronic Engineering", "Computer Science & Engineering", "Materials Science & Engineering", "Environmental Science & Engineering", and "Water Resources". Department of Industrial Engineering (Tsinghua IE) has three institutes: The department also operates two university-level multi-disciplinary application-oriented institutes or centers: The Department of Mathematical Sciences (DMS)

1416-636: The Academic Ranking of World Universities , also known as the "Shanghai Ranking", placed Tsinghua University 22nd in the world and 1st in Asia & Oceania region. The U.S. News & World Report ranked Tsinghua at 1st in the Asia-Pacific and 16th globally in its 2024-2025 Best Global Universities Rankings . Tsinghua was the best-ranked university in the Asia-Pacific and the 17th worldwide in 2023 in terms of aggregate performance (THE+ARWU+QS) as reported by

1475-489: The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities . As of 2021, it ranked 3rd among the universities around the world by SCImago Institutions Rankings . The Nature Index 2022 Annual Tables by Nature Research ranked Tsinghua 7th among the leading universities globally for the high quality of research publications in natural science. For sciences in general, the 2023 CWTS Leiden Ranking ranked Tsinghua University 3rd in

1534-630: The Association of East Asian Research Universities , a 17-member research collaboration network of top regional institutions. Tsinghua is an associate member of the Consortium Linking Universities of Science and Technology for Education and Research (CLUSTER) . Tsinghua is a member of a Low Carbon Energy University Alliance (LCEUA), together with the University of Cambridge and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Admission to Tsinghua for both undergraduate and graduate schools

1593-551: The Boxer Rebellion , an uprising against foreign influence in China. After the suppression of the revolt by a foreign alliance including the United States, the ruling Qing dynasty was required to pay indemnities to alliance members. United States Secretary of State John Hay suggested that the US$ 30 million Boxer indemnity allotted to the United States was excessive. After much negotiation with Qing ambassador Liang Cheng , president of

1652-602: The Cultural Revolution , the Peking Union Medical College was closed, and the hospital was renamed the Beijing Anti-Imperialism Hospital (北京反帝醫院). In 1979, it reopened as the "Capital University of Medical Sciences" then returned to Peking Union Medical College (协和医科大学) in 1985. Peking Union Medical College students traditionally attend Peking University biology department for their pre-meds portion of education. Since 2002, Tsinghua University has held

1711-606: The I Ching to describe a notion of the ideal gentleman. In 1925, the school established its own four-year undergraduate program and started a research institute on Chinese studies. In 1928, the school changed its name to National Tsinghua University. During the Second Sino-Japanese War , many Chinese universities were forced to evacuate their campuses to avoid the Japanese invasion. In 1937, Tsinghua University, Peking University and Nankai University merged to form

1770-464: The Ministry of Education 's 1952 directive to begin piloting such programs. As political counselors, new graduates who were also Communist Party members worked as political counselors in managing the student body and student organizations, often simultaneously serving as Communist Youth League secretaries. The program was later expanded to other universities following its endorsement by Deng Xiaoping and became further institutionalized across China in

1829-634: The Peking University on class cross-registration to supplement each other's general education curriculum, reducing fees on class withdraw, transcripts and certificates, and adjusting the graduate school co-terminal admission policies. In 2016, Schwarzman Scholars was established with almost US$ 400 million endowment by Steven Schwarzman , the chairman and CEO of the Blackstone Group and other multinational corporations and global leaders. Schwarzman Scholars annually selects 100–200 scholars across

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1888-630: The Red Guards , resulting in the complete shutdown of the university as faculty were persecuted or otherwise unable to teach. It was not until 1978, after the Cultural Revolution ended, that the university began to take in students and re-emerge as a force in Chinese politics and society. During the Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius campaign of 1973 to 1976, critique groups formed at Tsinghua and Peking University disseminated commentaries under

1947-641: The School of Economics and Management , the School of Sciences, the School of Life Sciences, the School of Humanities and Social Sciences, the School of Public Policy and Management , and the Academy of Arts and Design. In 1996, the School of Economics and Management established a partnership with the Sloan School of Management at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology . One year later, Tsinghua and MIT began

2006-471: The Tsinghua University Press , which publishes academic journals, textbooks, and other scholarly works. Through its constituent colleges, graduate and professional schools, and other institutes, Tsinghua University offers more than 82 bachelor's degree programs, 80 master's degree programs and 90 PhD programs. In 2014, Tsinghua established Xinya College, a residential liberal arts college, as

2065-615: The 1990s and 2000s. During the Third Front construction, Tsinghua established a branch in Mianyang , Sichuan province . In 1966, the efforts of Tsinghua researchers were critical in China's transition from vacuum-tube computers to fully transistorized computers . From 1966 to 1976, China experienced immense sociopolitical upheaval and instability during the Cultural Revolution . Many university students walked out of classrooms at Tsinghua and other institutions, and some went on to join

2124-729: The Changsha Temporary University, located in Changsha , Hunan . The merged university later became the National Southwestern Associated University , located in Kunming , Yunnan. The Tsinghua University section of the merged university returned to Beijing at the end of World War II. After the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949, China experienced a communist revolution leading to the creation of

2183-715: The MBA program known as the Tsinghua-MIT Global MBA. In 1998, Tsinghua became the first Chinese university to offer a Master of Laws (LLM) program in American law , through a cooperative venture with the Temple University Beasley School of Law . Tsinghua alumni include the current General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and paramount leader of China, Xi Jinping '79, who graduated with

2242-677: The People's Republic of China. Tsinghua University's then president Mei Yiqi , along with many professors, fled to Taiwan with the retreating Nationalist government . They established the National Tsing Hua Institute of Nuclear Technology in 1955, which later became the National Tsing Hua University in Taiwan, an institution independent and distinct from Tsinghua University. In 1952, the Chinese Communist Party regrouped

2301-686: The Propagation of the Gospel , and the Medical Missionary Association of London, together with the then-Chinese government cooperated in the foundation and development of the Medical College and maintained it until 1915. The Rockefeller Foundation was established in 1913 and in 1913-1914 the newly formed Foundation created a Commission, including Dr. Franklin C. McLean , to examine medical education in China. Dr Wu Lien-teh strongly supported

2360-630: The United States Theodore Roosevelt obtained approval from the United States Congress in 1909 to reduce the indemnity payment by US$ 10.8 million, on the condition that the funds would be used as scholarships for Chinese students to study in the United States. Using this fund, the Tsinghua College ( 清華學堂 ; Qīnghuá Xuétáng ) was established in Beijing, on 29 April 1911 on the site of a former royal garden to serve as

2419-431: The country's higher education institutions in an attempt to build a Soviet style system where each institution specialized in a certain field of study, such as social sciences or natural sciences. Tsinghua University was streamlined into a polytechnic institute with a focus on engineering and the natural sciences. In 1953, Tsinghua established a political counselor program, becoming the first university to do so following

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2478-493: The country. The health care services at Peking Union Medical College Hospital are widely believed in mainland China to be among the most technically advanced. Many prominent political and social leaders in China have sought medical treatment at the PUMC Hospital. Peking Union Medical College has provided generations of leaders for academic and clinical medicine and related areas all over the world. Peking Union Medical College

2537-570: The establishment of a new medical college in Peking and made a number of recommendations, all of which were adopted. One of its recommendations was that the Foundation - through a subsidiary organization - should assume financial responsibility for the college. On July 1, 1915, the recently established China Medical Board assumed full support of the Union Medical College, having previously acquired

2596-479: The first global university ranking with multifarious indicators. The medical school is the home to 4 state key labs and 6 WHO collaborating centers including the: One institution with two names " One institution with two names " ( Chinese : 一个机构两块牌子 ; pinyin : yīgè jīgòu liǎng kuài páizi ; lit. 'one agency two signs') is a bureaucratic arrangement in the Chinese government wherein

2655-556: The largest budget of any university in China. According to a 2018 Financial Times report, Tsinghua University has been linked to cyber-espionage . In 2024, Tsinghua announced that its office of the university president had merged into the university's Chinese Communist Party committee, which would directly administer the university henceforth. Tsinghua University engages in extensive research and offers 51 bachelor's degree programs, 139 master's degree programs, and 107 doctoral programs through 20 colleges and 57 departments covering

2714-515: The newly created regional QS BRICS University Rankings . Tsinghua graduates are highly desired worldwide; in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings 2017, Tsinghua was ranked 3rd in the world and 1st in the whole of Afro-Eurasia & Oceania region. In 2020, Tsinghua was ranked 15th in the world by QS World University Rankings , and ranked 6th globally and 1st in Asia in the QS Graduate Employability Rankings. As of 2023,

2773-587: The organization may have a separate nominal leadership team for the nominal organization, that concurrently can also serve in the leadership of the bigger organization (e.g. Chen Xu both officially serves as the director of the OCAO and a deputy head of the UFWD). In some cases, the nominal organization can seemingly retain their internal structures (e.g. the China National Space Administration seemingly has

2832-608: The president increasingly operate as one institution with two names. Tsinghua University Tsinghua University ( THU ) is a public university in Haidian , Beijing , China. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China . The university is part of Project 211 , Project 985 , and the Double First-Class Construction . It is also a member in the C9 League . Tsinghua University's campus

2891-581: The property. The commission's members had included both William Welch, the first Dean of the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and Simon Flexner . The China Medical Board modeled the school after Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine following the recommendations of the Flexner Report , which set the foundation of modern Medical Education in the United States and Canada. The PUMC was reorganized in 1917 and celebrated its 90th anniversary with

2950-412: The pseudonym of "Liang Xiao". The pseudonym sounds like a person's name but is a homophone for "two schools". In the 1980s, Tsinghua evolved beyond the polytechnic model and incorporated a multidisciplinary system emphasizing collaboration between distinct schools within the broader university environment. Under this system, several schools have been re-incorporated, including Tsinghua Law School ,

3009-459: The purpose of retaining the name of the state institution is so that the party institution has the option of using it where it may be legally or aesthetically appropriate. For example, one name can be used domestically and another used when dealing with institutions outside China. The arrangement can be achieved by either " adding a name " ( 加挂牌子 ; jiā guà páizi ) or " externally retaining a name " ( 对外保留牌子 ; duìwài bǎoliú páizi ). The arrangement

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3068-571: The university and institutions jointly established by the university and independent legal entities outside the university. As of 31 December 2022, Tsinghua University has 428 university-level scientific research institutions in operation. Tsinghua University ranked No. 1 in China, the whole of Asia-Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education , with its industry income, research, and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st, 4th and 9th respectively in

3127-539: The university community. As of 2018, Tsinghua University consists of 20 schools and 58 university departments, 41 research institutes, 35 research centers, and 167 laboratories, including 15 national key laboratories. In September 2006, the Peking Union Medical College , a renowned medical school, was renamed "Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University" although it and Tsinghua University are technically separate institutions. The university operates

3186-610: The world . Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where, it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia-Pacific. Tsinghua University ranked 10 among Global Innovative Universities according to the World's Universities with Real Impact (WURI) 2020 ranking released by United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR). Since 2013, Tsinghua also topped

3245-686: The world after Harvard and Stanford based on the number of their scientific publications belonging to the top 1% in their fields. In November 2024, Clarivate Analytics ranked Tsinghua second in Afro-Eurasia & Oceania regions after Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and 4th in the world after (CAS, Harvard, and Stanford) for most cited researchers. As of 2021, it ranked 6th globally in "Education", 7th in "Clinical, pre-clinical and Health", 11th in "Business and Economics", 12th in "Computer Science", 13th in "Life Science", 17th in "Engineering and Technology", 18th in "Physical Science", 33th in "Social Science", 37th in "Law", and 40th in "Arts and Humanities" by

3304-418: The world respectively, while "Biological Sciences" and "Public Health" were placed in the top 100 in the world by the Academic Ranking of World Universities . As of 2024, its "Clinical Medicine" also ranked #109 globally by the U.S. News & World Report . Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), also known as the Shanghai Ranking, is one of the annual publications of world university rankings. It's

3363-506: The world to enroll in a one-year fully-funded master's degree leadership program designed to cultivate the next generation of global leaders. 40% students are selected from the United States, 20% students are selected from China, 40% are selected from rest of the world. These scholars reside on the university campus at Schwarzman College , a residential college built specifically for the program. In 2016, Tsinghua's expenditures were RMB 13.7 billion (US$ 3.57 billion at purchasing power parity),

3422-495: Was formally established on 8 July 2015, has stipulated in the committee's charter that students should be consulted through the ACUC for resolutions involving undergraduate students. From then on, Tsinghua commenced a new round of academic reform lasting ever since, including establishing GPA grading system, adding the writing classes, critical thinking classes, second foreign languages classes into curriculum, requiring undergrads to be able to swim before graduation, cooperating with

3481-417: Was militarized and shortened to one year in order to train army medical officers, and Soviet models were introduced. The basic orientation to Western medicine was maintained and the staff continued to do research and advanced surgeries. In 1956, autonomy was restored, but the college continued to be criticized for its elitism, cosmopolitanism, and failure to "serve the people" during periodic campaigns. During

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