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92-544: Unida ( / j uː ˈ n iː d ə / ) is an American stoner rock band formed in 1998. The band's current line-up consists of John Garcia , Arthur Seay, Miguel Cancino and Collyn McCoy. Their debut album, Coping with the Urban Coyote , was released in 1999. A follow-up album, initially titled The Great Divide and later titled For the Working Man , was recorded in the early 2000s, but has remained unreleased. Following

184-427: A CD-RW disc, the recording layer is made of an alloy of silver and other metals—indium, antimony, and tellurium. In CD-R media, the dye itself can degrade, causing data to become unreadable. As well as degradation of the dye , failure of a CD-R can be due to the reflective surface. While silver is less expensive and more widely used, it is more prone to oxidation , resulting in a non-reflecting surface. Gold , on

276-691: A MeteorCity split EP release with the Swedish band Dozer , the Unida portion of which was titled The Best of Wayne-Gro . Later that year, they released their debut full-length album, entitled Coping with the Urban Coyote , on Man's Ruin Records . Based on the quality of The Best of Wayne-Gro and Coping with the Urban Coyote , Unida (now joined by Scott Reeder as their new bass player) were signed to Rick Rubin's American Recordings and began working on their next album (reportedly titled The Great Divide ). The album

368-407: A Zoned-CLV or CAV strategy, where the advertised maximum speed is only reached near the outer rim of the disc. This is not taken into account by the above table. (If this were not done, the faster rotation that would be required at the inner tracks could cause the disc to fracture and/or could cause excessive vibration which would make accurate and successful writing impossible.) The blank disc has

460-472: A "proper release," (instead of unofficial mixes present on sites such as YouTube ) possibly within the same year: "It was actually supposed to come out last year, but due to our schedules, we pushed it back to this year ... All the other guys want to do it, and I’ve had meetings with the label. They went in the vault and found the record after a period in time where they couldn’t find it. It’s all there ... I definitely want to get that Unida record out. It’s been

552-487: A "touchstone" of stoner rock. Jim DeRogatis has said that stoner rock bands are "reaching back for inspiration to the psychedelic, proto-metallic jamming of bands like Cream , Black Sabbath , Deep Purple , and Hawkwind ." According to DeRogatis, the roots of stoner rock can be heard on Black Sabbath's Master of Reality , Hawkwind's 25 Years On 1973–1977 box set, the aforementioned Blue Cheer album, Deep Purple's Machine Head and Blue Öyster Cult 's Workshop of

644-401: A 5-color silkscreen or offset press. Using a permanent marker pen is also a common practice. However, solvents from such pens can affect the dye layer. Since CD-Rs, in general, cannot be logically erased to any degree, the disposal of CD-Rs presents a possible security issue if they contain sensitive/private data. Destroying the data requires physically destroying the disc or data layer. Heating

736-526: A French aficionado of stoner rock, the website MoreFuzz.net has been a big promoter of the stoner rock scene in Europe and internationally. Stoner rock bands in Europe, much like their North American counterparts, mix elements of heavy rock music with psychedelia and acid rock . The influence of Black Sabbath or Blue Cheer can be heard – among other examples – in bands such as the Swedish Graveyard and

828-401: A Power Calibration Area, used to calibrate the writing laser before and during recording. CDs contain two such areas: one close to the inner edge of the disc, for low-speed calibration, and another on the outer edge on the disc, for high-speed calibration. The calibration results are recorded on a Recording Management Area (RMA) that can hold up to 99 calibrations. The disc cannot be written after

920-580: A camaraderie in the desert amongst musicians that continues still to this day." One of the band's earliest known live shows was in February 1999, at Spaceland in California , supporting Nebula; however, according to an interview with Sergio Chotsourian from the band Los Natas , their first-ever performance was at a 1998 New Year’s Eve party at Scott Reeder 's house in Palm Springs . In 1999, Unida appeared on

1012-465: A conventional CD player could be established in, and removed from, the medium by a laser operating at a different frequency. Tandy's announcement was surprising enough to "catch half a dozen industries off guard", claiming availability of consumer-level audio and video products below $ 500 by the end of 1990, and inviting other organisations to license the technology. The announcement attracted enthusiasm but also skepticism of Tandy's capability to deliver

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1104-405: A disc from a prepared ISO image, for which the overhead would likely be trivial.) At the lowest write speeds, this overhead takes so much less time than the actual disc writing pass that it may be negligible, but at higher write speeds, the overhead time becomes a larger proportion of the overall time taken to produce a finished disc and may add significantly to it. Also, above 20× speed, drives use

1196-547: A given disc; these techniques are deviations from the compact disc (Red, Yellow, and/or Orange Book) standards, making the recorded discs proprietary-formatted and not fully compatible with standard CD players and drives. In certain applications where discs will not be distributed or exchanged outside a private group and will not be archived for a long time, a proprietary format may be an acceptable way to obtain greater capacity (up to 1.2 GB with GigaRec or 1.8 GB with HD-BURN on 99-minute media). The greatest risk in using such

1288-516: A glorious celebration of rock & roll primitivism run through enough Marshall amps to deafen an army," not unlike the heaviness of MC5 's Kick Out the Jams and the Velvet Underground 's White Light/White Heat . Rolling Stone claims, "What stoner rock delivers, slowed down and magnified, is the riff , the persistent legacy of Mississippi blues. Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath were

1380-528: A high-level data format and refers to the Red Book for all physical format and low-level code details, such as track pitch, linear bit density, and bitstream encoding. This means they use Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation , CIRC error correction, and, for CD-ROM , the third error correction layer defined in the Yellow Book. Properly written CD-R discs on blanks of less than 80 minutes in length are fully compatible with

1472-433: A lot with different bass players and we have a super positive family vibe so we just wanted someone who fits ... It's a really cool start over… a new beginning kind of deal ... everything feels great again and part of that is having a new fresh bass player." Speaking to HEAVY Magazine in 2013, Garcia indicated that, despite the reunion, the band was in what he called a "a permanent idling position", stating that "every once in

1564-417: A mediocre writer, and discs written by such a writer cannot achieve their maximum potential archival lifetime. These times only include the actual optical writing pass over the disc. For most disc recording operations, additional time is used for overhead processes, such as organizing the files and tracks, which adds to the theoretical minimum total time required to produce a disc. (An exception might be making

1656-416: A pre-groove track onto which the data are written. The pre-groove track, which also contains timing information, ensures that the recorder follows the same spiral path as a conventional CD. A CD recorder writes data to a CD-R disc by pulsing its laser to heat areas of the organic dye layer. The writing process does not produce indentations (pits); instead, the heat permanently changes the optical properties of

1748-497: A process developed by Optical Data Inc., with research and development undertaken at Tandy's Magnetic Media Research Center. Known also as the Tandy High-Intensity Optical Recording system, THOR-CD media was intended to be playable in existing CD players, being compatible with existing CD audio and CD-ROM equipment, with the discs themselves employing a layer in which the "marks", "bumps" or "pits" readable by

1840-449: A proprietary data storage format, assuming that it works reliably as designed, is that it may be difficult or impossible to repair or replace the hardware used to read the media if it fails, is damaged, or is lost after its original vendor discontinues it. Nothing in the Red, Yellow, or Orange Book standards prohibits disc reading/writing devices from having the capacity to read/write discs beyond

1932-463: A thorn in our sides forever. It’ll be a mainstream, major-label push, which will help all our other projects. It’s going to be new to a lot of people, and it stands up today as it did then." To coincide with the anniversary of their first two releases, Unida reformed again in 2022, for a European tour, including Desertfest in Antwerp . This new lineup would be the first not to feature Garcia on vocals (with

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2024-488: A while we’re going to put some gasoline in the gas tank, we’re going to rev up, and we’re going to take it for a ride because it feels good to ride in that car again." At the time of Garcia's 2013 interview, the band's long-delayed album from 2001 had become known as For the Working Man . Speaking with the Coachella Valley Independent in 2017, Arthur Shaey stated that he hoped the album would eventually see

2116-426: Is a rock music fusion genre that combines elements of doom metal with psychedelic rock and acid rock . The genre emerged during the early 1990s and was pioneered foremost by Kyuss and Sleep . Stoner rock is typically slow-to-mid tempo and features a heavily distorted , groove -laden bass-heavy sound, melodic vocals, and "retro" production. Due to the similarities between stoner and sludge metal , there

2208-454: Is also used interchangeably as a descriptor, and was coined by a MeteorCity Records intern, around the time the label released the 1998 stoner rock compilation Welcome to MeteorCity ; however, not all stoner rock bands would fall under the descriptor of "desert rock", since bands under this subgenre tend to include more hard rock characteristics. The involvement of cannabis in the creation of "stoner rock/metal" can range among bands in

2300-457: Is no assurance that it can be made to do so again by service or adjustment. Discs with capacities larger than 650 MB, and especially those larger than 700 MB, are less interchangeable among players/drives than standard discs and are not very suitable for archival use, as their readability on future equipment, or even on the same equipment at a future time, is not assured unless specifically tested and certified in that combination, even under

2392-507: Is not "empty"; the pregroove has a wobble (the ATIP ), which helps the writing laser to stay on track and to write the data to the disc at a constant rate. Maintaining a constant rate is essential to ensure the proper size and spacing of the pits and lands burned into the dye layer. As well as providing timing information, the ATIP (absolute time in pregroove) is also a data track containing information about

2484-446: Is not a reliable guide to quality, because many brands (major as well as no name) do not manufacture their own discs. Instead, they are sourced from different manufacturers of varying quality. For best results, the actual manufacturer and material components of each batch of discs should be verified. Burned CD-Rs suffer from material degradation, just like most writable media. CD-R media have an internal layer of dye used to store data. In

2576-426: Is often a crossover between the two genres. This hybrid has traits of both styles, but generally lacks stoner metal's laid back atmosphere and its usage of psychedelia . Bands such as Weedeater , High on Fire and Electric Wizard creatively fuse both styles. The descriptor "stoner rock" may originate from the title of the 1997 Roadrunner Records compilation Burn One Up! Music for Stoners . Desert rock

2668-456: Is recommended if using adhesive-backed paper labels that the labels be specially made for CD-Rs. A balanced CD vibrates only slightly when rotated at high speed. Bad or improperly made labels, or labels applied off-center, unbalance the CD and can cause it to vibrate when it spins, which causes read errors and even risks damaging the drive. A professional alternative to CD labels is pre-printed CDs using

2760-460: Is recovered ("decoded"). Once a section of a CD-R is written, it cannot be erased or rewritten, unlike a CD-RW . A CD-R can be recorded in multiple sessions. A CD recorder can write to a CD-R using several methods including: With careful examination, the written and unwritten areas can be distinguished by the naked eye. CD-Rs are written from the center outwards, so the written area appears as an inner band with slightly different shading. CDs have

2852-514: The Palm Desert Scene with Blues for the Red Sun . Critics have hailed it as "a major milestone in heavy music," while NME described their music as an attempt to figuratively melt "a hundredweight of hot desert sand into metal". In 1992, San Jose doom metal band Sleep released their album Sleep's Holy Mountain , and along with Kyuss were heralded by the heavy metal press as leaders of

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2944-672: The Palm Desert scene . Also in 1997, Roadrunner Records released the stoner rock compilation Burn One Up! Music for Stoners , which includes many of the aforementioned bands, as well as a track by Josh Homme's new band Queens of the Stone Age . In September 1997 Jadd Shickler (of stoner band Spiritu) and Aaron Emmel founded an online store based in Albuquerque, New Mexico called All That's Heavy , which began selling hard-to-find releases of Kyuss, Monster Magnet, and Fu Manchu. They soon expanded

3036-602: The 2003 skateboarding video game Tony Hawk's Underground , and in 2004, they contributed a previously unreleased song, "Left Us to Mold", to High Volume: The Stoner Rock Collection , from High Times (which featured tracks from bands such as Clutch , Corrosion of Conformity , Monster Magnet , Nebula , Sea of Green , and High on Fire ). In February 2008, Unida performed a reunion show, alongside Mondo Generator . The band then band reformed again in 2012, playing their first new live show in August of that year, before headlining

3128-473: The 60-minute song is about cannabis, which resulted in conflict with Sleep's record company. Some members of the genre state that "stoner rock is a style, not life," which is interpreted as the band members do not participate in smoking cannabis or are influenced by cannabis. However, the style of their music reflects the sound of "stoner rock/metal." Bands such as King Caravan and Sea of Green have come under terms with this statement. Similarly, Matt Pike from

3220-474: The Bros , and at times by Queens of the Stone Age, who have since largely departed from Kyuss' stoner rock sound, and reject the label, preferring the term "desert rock". As acknowledged by Dave Wyndorf , the lead singer of Monster Magnet , in a 2015 interview: "Europe is really good for psychedelic music." So much so that some US stoner rock bands will even choose to tour Europe rather than North America. Founded by

3312-581: The CD from this live recording still plays back with no uncorrectable errors. In the same year, the first company to successfully & professionally duplicate CD-R media was CDRM Recordable Media. With quality technical media being limited from Taiyo Yuden , Early CD-R Media used Phthalocyanine dye for duplication, which has a light aqua color. By 1992, the cost of typical recorders was down to $ 10,000–12,000, and in September 1995, Hewlett-Packard introduced its model 4020i manufactured by Philips, which, at $ 995,

3404-635: The CD-R manufacturer, the dye used, and media information (disc length and so on). The pregroove is not destroyed when the data are written to the CD-R, a point which some copy protection schemes use to distinguish copies from an original CD. There are three basic formulations of dye used in CD-Rs: There are many hybrid variations of the dye formulations, such as Formazan by Kodak (a hybrid of cyanine and phthalocyanine). Many manufacturers have added additional coloring to disguise their unstable cyanine CD-Rs in

3496-466: The CD-WO, CD-MO (Magneto-Optic), and later CD-RW (Re Writable). The latest editions have abandoned the use of the term CD-WO in favor of CD-R , while CD-MO was rarely used. Written CD-Rs and CD-RWs are, in the aspect of low-level encoding and data format, fully compatible with the audio CD ( Red Book CD-DA ) and data CD ( Yellow Book CD-ROM ) standards. The Yellow Book standard for CD-ROM only specifies

3588-638: The Desertfest Festival in London , and the Cherry Rock Festival in Melbourne (co-headlining with Sweden's Truckfighters ) in 2013. 2012's reformed lineup featured returns from Garcia, Seay, and Cancino, but now included Arthur Seay's 20-year-old nephew, Owen Seay on bass. Speaking to Coachella Valley Weekly , Arthur Seay explained that "we wanted a young hungry dude with no baggage. We've been through

3680-615: The German Kadavar . Instrumental stoner rock bands such as Karma to Burn are rare in the US but are more frequent in Europe. CD-R CD-R discs (CD-Rs) are readable by most CD readers manufactured prior to the introduction of CD-R, unlike CD-RW discs. Originally named CD Write-Once (WO) , the CD-R specification was first published in 1988 by Philips and Sony in the Orange Book , which consists of several parts that provide details of

3772-535: The RMA is full, however, the RMA may be emptied in CD-RW discs. Real-life (not accelerated aging) tests have revealed that some CD-Rs degrade quickly even if stored normally. The quality of a CD-R disc has a large and direct influence on longevity—low-quality discs should not be expected to last very long. According to research conducted by J. Perdereau, CD-Rs are expected to have an average life expectancy of 10 years. Branding

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3864-516: The Stone Age released their breakthrough album Rated R , which helped bring the stoner rock sound into the mainstream, despite the band themselves rejecting both the genre and being labeled as such. Songs for the Deaf , their next release in 2002, included a single from the album peaking at No. 1 on the US Modern Rock Tracks . Another label focusing on the international stoner rock scene

3956-568: The Telescopes . The 1970s Calfornia-based supergroup Captain Beyond have also been described as "pioneers" of stoner rock. Black Sabbath's Master of Reality is often cited as the first album of the genre, and Martin Popoff states: "When ' Sweet Leaf ' kicks in, one witnesses simultaneously the invention of stoner rock". Allmusic summarizes this unique fusion as follows: "Stoner metal bands updated

4048-416: The absence of explicit additional manufacturer specifications beyond normal compact disc logo certification, that any particular player or drive will perform beyond the standards at all or consistently. If the same device with no explicit performance specs beyond the compact disc logo initially handles nonstandard discs reliably, there is no assurance that it will not later stop doing so, and in that case, there

4140-424: The additional capacity, these discs have to be burned using overburn options in the CD recording software. Overburning itself is so named because it is outside the written standards, but, due to market demand, it has nonetheless become a de facto standard function in most CD writing drives and software for them. Some drives use special techniques, such as Plextor's GigaRec or Sanyo's HD-BURN, to write more data onto

4232-538: The album was supposedly sold on CD-Rs by the band during some touring shows, with a "rough-cut" version also accidentally sent out by the band's management. In March 2003, it was reported that Reeder had left the band, with the original replacement simply known as "Jerry". Reeder released a statement shortly after, confirming that his decision to leave was not related to his audition attempt to join Metallica : "Just tired of stopping and starting for other stuff. And after all

4324-536: The album, and the band were able to (in Seay's words) "get out" of their contract, because "[the label] weren't meeting deadlines;" however, Unida "didn’t get the record." Speaking to Blabbermouth in June 2002, Reeder stated that: "The artwork was done, everything was looking really good, and then ... after months of being just strung along—'Oh, yeah, the release date got bumped back a little bit'—finally we found out that somebody at

4416-440: The assumption that the discs will not degrade at all. The polycarbonate disc contains a spiral groove, called the pregroove because it is molded in before data are written to the disc; it guides the laser beam upon writing and reading information. The pregroove is molded into the top side of the polycarbonate disc, where the pits and lands would be molded if it were a pressed, nonrecordable Red Book CD. The bottom side, which faces

4508-477: The audio CD and CD-ROM standards in all details including physical specifications. 80-minute CD-R discs marginally violate the Red Book physical format specifications, and longer discs are non-compliant. CD-RW discs have lower reflectivity than CD-R or pressed (non-writable) CDs and for this reason cannot meet the Red Book standard. Some hardware compatible with Red Book CDs may have difficulty reading CD-Rs and, because of their lower reflectivity, especially CD-RWs. To

4600-446: The band High on Fire stated, "It's a very strong scene, but I don't think any of the stoner rock bands want to be labeled as stoner rock ... I might use the word 'stoner' in my lyrics, but I think we're metal , dude. I'd say I was crossover metal, actually, or progressive metal . It's kind of a tough thing to lump into a category, but I guess we get the stoner-rock label because of the whole pot thing." Like most subgenres of music,

4692-415: The band as a touring bassist for their west-coast US tour later in 2003. Subsequently, the role transitioned to Eddie Plascencia, but Unida ultimately went into hiatus later that year. The band's members went on to release further material with other projects, including Hermano (Garcia) and House of Broken Promises (Seay, Cancino, and Plascencia). Unida's song "Black Woman" was featured on the soundtrack to

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4784-410: The bullshit that we'd gone through, I certainly wouldn't ask or expect anyone to give up any of their other projects. I wish my brothers the best in everything they do ... when I accepted the invitation with Metallica, I figured that was the end for me in Unida either way - it would've been pretty hippocritical [sic] of me to go on after that." Following Reeder's departure, Slipknot's Paul Gray joined

4876-578: The catalog to include artists who stylistically fit with those bands. After half a year they were contacted by the former proprietor for the first Kyuss fan website, who recommended All That's Heavy do a compilation of unsigned bands that Kyuss fans would enjoy. This resulted in the formation of MeteorCity Records and the release of the compilation Welcome to MeteorCity in 1998, which included established desert and stoner rock acts, as well as new bands established by John Garcia of Kyuss, Ed Mundell of Monster Magnet, and Pete Stahl of Goatsnake. The album

4968-403: The compact disc standards. The standards do require discs to meet precise requirements in order to be called compact discs, but the other discs may be called by other names; if this were not true, no DVD drive could legally bear the compact disc logo. While disc players and drives may have capabilities beyond the standards, enabling them to read and write nonstandard discs, there is no assurance, in

5060-457: The critically acclaimed 1993 album The Ethereal Mirror . During this same period, heavy metal band White Zombie achieved multi-platinum success with their two major label albums, significantly expanding the heavy music audience with their groove-based, sample-laden "psychedelic horror" sound. During the early to mid-1990s, a number of southern-California bands developed the style that would be called stoner rock. In 1992, Kyuss emerged from

5152-518: The disc at the tightest allowable tolerances specified in the Orange Book CD-R/CD-RW standards. The engineering margin that was reserved for manufacturing tolerance has been used for data capacity instead, leaving no tolerance for manufacturing; for these discs to be truly compliant with the Orange Book standard, the manufacturing process must be perfect. Despite the foregoing, most CD-Rs on

5244-415: The disc in a microwave oven for 10–15 seconds effectively destroys the data layer by causing arcing in the metal reflective layer, but this same arcing may cause damage or excessive wear to the microwave oven. Many office paper shredders are also designed to shred CDs. Some recent burners (Plextor, LiteOn) support erase operations on -R media, by "overwriting" the stored data with strong laser power, although

5336-415: The dissolution of Kyuss in 1995, former vocalist John Garcia became part of Slo Burn . Garcia already knew future Unida members Arthur Seay and Miguel (Mike) Cancino, considering them "exceptional" musicians and songwriters; therefore, after the end of Slo Burn in 1998, he reached out to them to start a band. Garcia later reflected that "I really wanted to jam with them and I knew that they could play and it

5428-416: The dye, changing the reflectivity of those areas. Using a low power laser, so as not to further alter the dye, the disc is read back in the same way as a CD-ROM. However, the reflected light is modulated not by pits, but by the alternating regions of heated and unaltered dye. The change of the intensity of the reflected laser radiation is transformed into an electrical signal, from which the digital information

5520-481: The emerging stoner scene. These two bands were among the first to introduce a psychedelic groove to their doom -influenced sound. A year earlier, New Jersey 's Monster Magnet released their debut album Spine of God , which displayed fewer metal influences but was psychedelic and sludgy, in the vein of their California peers. Together with these three bands, southern-Californians Fu Manchu , who released their eponymous album in 1994, are credited with being "one of

5612-419: The erased area cannot be overwritten with new data. The polycarbonate material and possible gold or silver in the reflective layer would make CD-Rs highly recyclable. However, the polycarbonate is of very little value and the quantity of precious metals is so small that it is not profitable to recover them. Consequently, recyclers that accept CD-Rs typically do not offer compensation for donating or transporting

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5704-527: The extent that CD hardware can read extended-length discs or CD-RW discs, it is because that hardware has capability beyond the minimum required by the Red Book and Yellow Book standards (the hardware is more capable than it needs to be to bear the Compact Disc logo). CD-R recording systems available in 1990 were similar to the washing machine-sized Meridian CD Publisher, based on the two-piece rack mount Yamaha PDS audio recorder costing $ 35,000, not including

5796-432: The first to make a monolith of it." Sir Lord Baltimore were called "the godfathers of stoner rock" by Classic Rock magazine, who went on to state that Leaf Hound have been cited for influencing countless bands in the stoner rock movement, including Kyuss and Monster Magnet . James Manning of Time Out London recognises The Beatles ' I Want You (She's So Heavy) as "laying the foundations for stoner rock with

5888-430: The genre. Bands such as Sleep have involved the concept of cannabis to be part of the core of their albums and songs. The consumption of cannabis is common in the live performances of some stoner rock/metal bands, and bands such as Electric Wizard are known to have concerts with the band members and the crowd participating in smoking cannabis. Dopesmoker (previously Jerusalem ) by Sleep received controversy because

5980-413: The label didn't like the record, so they didn't want to deal with it. The lawyers had to go back and forth for months and months and months—a chess game where every move takes two months... 'You have sixty days to reply to this letter'...and...so we just got out of the deal, a month ago." Speaking to the same publication a month later, Garcia described the actions they were taking to acquire a new label for

6072-399: The laser beam in the player or drive, is flat and smooth. The polycarbonate disc is coated on the pregroove side with a very thin layer of organic dye. Then, on top of the dye is coated a thin, reflecting layer of silver , a silver alloy , or gold . Finally, a protective coating of a photo-polymerizable lacquer is applied on top of the metal reflector and cured with UV light. A blank CD-R

6164-420: The laser in the writer, as well as correct timing of the laser pulses, stable disc speed, and so on, is critical to not only the immediate readability but the longevity of the recorded disc, so for archiving it is important to have not only a high-quality disc but a high-quality writer. In fact, a high-quality writer may produce adequate results with medium-quality media, but high-quality media cannot compensate for

6256-565: The late 2010s, although demand for them has declined as CD-based music recorders have been supplanted by other devices incorporating the same or similar functionality. Prior to CD-R, Tandy Corporation had announced a rewritable CD system known as the Tandy High-Density Optical Recording (THOR) system, claiming to offer support for erasable and rewritable discs, made possible by a "secret coating material" on which Tandy had applied for patents, and reportedly based partly on

6348-709: The latter due to industry copyright arrangements with the RIAA . Specifically, the price of every music CD-R includes a mandatory royalty disbursed to RIAA members by the disc manufacturer; this grants the disc an "application flag" indicating that the royalty has been paid. Consumer standalone music recorders refuse to burn CD-Rs that are missing this flag. Professional CD recorders are not subject to this restriction and can record music to data discs. The two types of discs are functionally and physically identical other than this, and computer CD burners can record data and/or music to either. New music CD-Rs are still being manufactured as of

6440-406: The long, mind-bending jams and ultra-heavy riffs of bands like Black Sabbath, Blue Cheer, Blue Öyster Cult, and Hawkwind by filtering their psychedelia-tinged metal and acid rock through the buzzing sound of early Sub Pop –style grunge ." However, Kyuss members Josh Homme and John Garcia have shrugged off the heavy metal influence, and instead cite punk rock and hardcore punk , particularly

6532-720: The magazines Decibel and Terrorizer released issues featuring a list of the 100 greatest and most important albums of the 2000s, respectively. The stoner band Electric Wizard's Dopethrone was featured on both lists, being placed 10th on Decibel's list and 1st on the Terrorizer's one. Since Kyuss' break-up, the success of the bandmates' other projects has caused the Kyuss back catalog to become more widely listened to and their fanbase has inevitably swelled. The sound has been continued on by directly descendant bands Unida, Slo Burn , Hermano , Mondo Generator , Fu Manchu , Brant Bjork and

6624-427: The market have an 80-minute capacity. There are also 90 minute/790 MB and 99 minute/870 MB discs, although they are less common and depart from the Orange Book standard. Due to the limitations of the data structures in the ATIP, 90 and 99-minute blanks will identify as 80-minute ones. As the ATIP is part of the Orange Book standard, its design does not support some nonstandard disc configurations. In order to use

6716-441: The most enduring and influential bands" of the genre. In 1994, San Francisco's Acid King and Britain's Acrimony released their debut albums, both of which adopted this psychedelic approach to doom metal. Though more closely associated with the grunge movement (which itself sometimes influenced, was influenced by, and occasionally overlapped with stoner rock), Soundgarden has also been cited as "stoner metal" or influential on

6808-459: The now-famous Rancho De La Luna in Joshua Tree, California . This musical collective brings artists together for impromptu writing and recording sessions that yielded ten albums between 1997 and 2003. The project has included members from Kyuss, Fu Manchu, Soundgarden, Monster Magnet, Goatsnake , earthlings? and Eagles of Death Metal , as well as PJ Harvey , Dean Ween and others associated with

6900-454: The origins of stoner rock are hard to trace and pinpoint. Nevertheless, several known progenitors and signature songs are widely credited with helping to shape the genre. Blue Cheer is considered one of the pioneers of the style; as AllMusic author Greg Prato puts it, "When talks about 'stoner rock' come up, one band that tends to get overlooked is Blue Cheer." According to critic Mark Deming, Blue Cheer's first album, Vincebus Eruptum , "is

6992-460: The other hand, although more expensive and no longer widely used, is an inert material, so gold-based CD-Rs do not suffer from this problem. Manufacturers have estimated the longevity of gold-based CD-Rs to be as high as 100 years. By measuring the rate of correctable data errors , the data integrity and/or manufacturing quality of CD-R media can be measured, allowing for a reliable prediction of future data losses caused by media degradation. It

7084-440: The past, so the formulation of a disc cannot be determined based purely on its color. Similarly, a gold reflective layer does not guarantee the use of phthalocyanine dye. The quality of the disc is also not only dependent on the dye used, it is also influenced by sealing, the top layer, the reflective layer, and the polycarbonate. Simply choosing a disc based on its dye type may be problematic. Furthermore, correct power calibration of

7176-507: The record and have it for Europe, and I think the rest of the world, so what we're going to do here in the States is hopefully find a smaller label, an indie, if you will, that has a little bit of money, and that will take it just for North America and we're going to do it that way. The track listing for the album (featuring 13 tracks) was first published by the band in April 2002. In the years following,

7268-450: The release, stating that American Recordings were offering to sell them the record back for US$ 150,000 (equivalent to $ 258,109 in 2023): "[We] shopped the record, we released the CDs to just about every single major label in the world that would sign a band like Unida ... there is one label who wants it, and that's Sony over in Europe. So the immediate plan is that Sony Europe is going to take

7360-449: The relentlessly spiralling outro". Buffalo 's 1973 sophomore release Volcanic Rock has been "heralded as the first great stoner rock record," the song Sunrise (Come My Way) "has since been shamelessly cannibalized for its parts by more stoner-rock bands than you can shake a bong at," and the songs Till My Death and The Prophet have been likened to later stoner rock. Primevil 's album Smokin' Bats at Campton's has been called

7452-547: The required external ECC circuitry for data encoding, SCSI hard drive subsystem, and MS-DOS control computer. On July 3, 1991, the first recording of a concert directly to CD was made using a Yamaha YPDR 601 . The concert was performed by Claudio Baglioni at the Stadio Flaminio in Rome, Italy. At that time, it was generally anticipated that recordable CDs would have a lifetime of no more than 10 years. However, as of July 2020

7544-516: The role instead going to Mark Sunshine from Riotgod) and the first to feature Collyn McCoy (from the Ultra Electric Mega Galactic) on bass. An official statement by the band stated that "John will not be singing but gives us his blessing, he is not out of the band either." Current members Current live members Past Members Past live members Stoner rock Stoner rock , also known as stoner metal or stoner doom ,

7636-405: The situation, in 2017, Seay said to Coachella Valley Independent that "Sony was the machine doing all the work at the time. Sony/Columbia loved us at the time and thought we did great shit ... but when we were done with our record, Rick Rubin’s deal was up ... He was pissed off at Sony about something. He made a deal to go back to Island/Def Jam". Ultimately, Island/Def Jam decided not to release

7728-451: The sludgy hardcore of Black Flag 's album My War as influences. The doom metal band Trouble introduced acid rock elements on their 1990 self-titled album , which became even more prominent on 1992's Manic Frustration . Similarly, the British doom metal band Cathedral increasingly moved toward a psychedelic/stoner sound over the course of their first three releases, culminating in

7820-444: The stoner rock genre, with their 1994 album Superunknown being described as a "stoner rock classic". Other influential bands from this era include Clutch , Sons of Otis and Corrosion of Conformity . Kyuss broke up in 1995 after the release of their fourth album , with many members going on to develop the stoner and desert rock scene through new projects. In August 1997, Kyuss' Josh Homme founded The Desert Sessions at

7912-528: The system, with the latter proving to be justified, the technology having been "announced... heavily promoted; then it was delayed, and finally, it just never appeared". A standard CD-R is a 1.2 mm (0.047 in) thick disc made of polycarbonate about 120 mm (5") in diameter. The 120 mm (5") disc has a storage capacity of 74 minutes of audio or 650 Megabytes (MBs) of data. CD-R/RWs are available with capacities of 80 minutes of audio or 737,280,000 bytes (700 MB), which they achieve by molding

8004-497: The world was waiting for someone to do what we were doing." MeteorCity soon signed a number of musicians and bands from the Palm Desert Scene, including Hermano , Unida and emerging Swedish stoner rock bands such as Lowrider, Dozer and The Mushroom River Band . During this time, The Hidden Hand and Spirit Caravan also began to gain popularity within the developing scene. In June 2000, Josh Homme's new project Queens of

8096-570: Was Small Stone Records , which released a number of compilation albums of stoner rock bands doing covers of 1970s music, including Right in the Nuts: A Tribute to Aerosmith (2000), Sucking the 70's (2002), and Sucking the 70's – Back in the Saddle Again (2006). In 2002, the Orquesta del Desierto was formed featuring key members of the major desert rock bands, and released two albums. In 2009,

8188-420: Was basically as simple as that." The band's original lineup consisted of Garcia (vocals), Seay (guitar), Cancino (drums) and Dave Dinsmore (bass). The band's name of Unida ( / j uː ˈ n iː d ə / ), which is Spanish for "united" was chosen to reflect the band member's surroundings. Garcia explained, "being that half of the band is Hispanic and we’re from Southern California, it was very fitting – there’s

8280-473: Was produced by George Drakoulias (who had previously worked with Tom Petty and The Black Crowes ) and executive produced by Rubin. According to Garcia (who praised Drakoulias for providing a "religious experience"), the album cost US$ 350,000 (equivalent to $ 602,255 in 2023) to create, and was completed in May 2001; however, before it was delivered, the label was acquired by Island / DefJam . Later reflecting on

8372-481: Was the first recorder to cost less than $ 1000. As of the 2010s, devices capable of writing to CD-Rs and other types of writable CDs could be found under $ 20. The dye materials developed by Taiyo Yuden made it possible for CD-R discs to be compatible with Audio CD and CD-ROM discs. In the United States, there is a market separation between "music" CD-Rs and "data" CD-Rs, the former being notably more expensive than

8464-556: Was the first time that the new stoner rock bands Sixty Watt Shaman , Lowrider , The Atomic Bitchwax , Dozer , Goatsnake, and Los Natas were featured on record. According to MeteorCity founders: "When this was happening, there wasn't really a [stoner rock] scene yet, there were just a lot of people around the world who were still sad about the end of Kyuss, as well as the end of Slo Burn , and who listened to stuff like Monster Magnet and Fu Manchu but wanted more. The label took off when we appeared with Welcome to Meteor City , as though

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