Underground Network is Anti-Flag 's third studio album, released on Fat Wreck Chords in 2001. Widely considered to be the band's breakthrough album, it helped make Anti-Flag a household name in the U.S. punk scene with tracks such as "Underground Network," "Bring Out Your Dead," and "Stars and Stripes."
147-529: The title "This Machine Kills Fascists" pays tribute to folk-music hero Woody Guthrie , who had a guitar labeled with the same slogan . Underground Network was removed from Spotify in 2023 following the several rape and sexual assault allegations made against Sane. In 2000, Anti-Flag went on the Vans Warped Tour , where they met Fat Mike , head of Fat Wreck Chords . The band had originally tried to get their previous album, A New Kind of Army , released on
294-466: A Milwaukee WI police officer, although Williams and Coler were not aware of this. Charles had met with Williams and Coler the evening before, when the agents explained to Charles they were looking for Jimmy Eagle. After turning off US Hwy 18 into the Jumping Bull Ranch ( 43°09′25.8″N 102°41′52.7″W / 43.157167°N 102.697972°W / 43.157167; -102.697972 ), where
441-468: A television series . (Also, Marc Blitzstein 's papers show that Guthrie made some contributions to four CIO episodes (dated June 20, June 27, August 1, August 15, 1948) of Labor for Victory. ) While Labor for Victory was a milestone in theory as a national platform, in practice it proved less so. Only 35 of 104 NBC affiliates carried the show. Episodes included the announcement that the show represented "twelve million organized men and women, united in
588-522: A "full and independent investigation" surrounding his detention and requested that the US government remedy his situation "without delay and bring it into conformity with the relevant international norms." In 1999, Peltier filed a habeas corpus petition, but it was rejected by the 10th Circuit Court on November 4, 2003. Near the end of the Clinton administration in 2001, rumors began circulating that Bill Clinton
735-623: A 1995 interview with E.K. Caldwell of News From Indian Country , said that 'Mr X' was a creation of Peltier's supporters and had been named as the murderer in an attempt to gain Peltier's release from prison. In a 2001 interview with News From Indian Country , Bernie Lafferty said that she had witnessed Peltier's referring to his murder of one of the agents. In January 2002 in the News from Indian Country , publisher Paul DeMain wrote an editorial that an "unnamed delegation" told him that Peltier had murdered
882-562: A June 8, 2024, interview by Native News Online, Peltier's serving attorney Kevin Sharp – who has also served as U.S. District Judge for the Middle District of Tennessee from 2011 to 2017, including as Chief Judge from 2014 to 2017 – stated the following: "Pine Ridge was a powder keg with the Goon Squad operating there with the government's help. AIM was there to protect those who were not part of
1029-598: A benefit hosted by the John Steinbeck Committee to Aid Farm Workers, to raise money for migrant workers. There he met the folk singer Pete Seeger , and the two men became good friends. Seeger accompanied Guthrie back to Texas to meet other members of the Guthrie family. He recalled an awkward conversation with Mary Guthrie's mother, in which she asked for Seeger's help to persuade Guthrie to treat her daughter better. From April 1940, Guthrie and Seeger lived together in
1176-652: A bullet that passed through his hand into his head. Williams received two gunshot injuries, to his body and foot, before the contact shot to the head that killed him. Coler, incapacitated from earlier bullet wounds, was shot twice in the head. Williams' car was driven into the AIM camp farther south on the Jumping Bull property and stripped. The four guns belonging to the agents were stolen. Allegedly, Darrelle Butler took Williams' handgun, Peltier took Coler's handgun, and Robert Robideau took Coler's .308 rifle and shotgun. Stuntz
1323-753: A car accident in California in 1973 at the age of 19. After the divorce, Guthrie's second wife, Marjorie, re-entered his life and cared for him until his death. Increasingly unable to control his muscles, Guthrie was hospitalized at Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital in Morris County, New Jersey, from 1956 to 1961; at Brooklyn State Hospital (now Kingsboro Psychiatric Center) in East Flatbush until 1966; and finally at Creedmoor Psychiatric Center in Queens Village , New York, until his death in 1967. Marjorie and
1470-522: A clemency application with the White House's Office of the Pardon Attorney , and his supporters organized a campaign to convince President Barack Obama to commute Peltier's sentence, a campaign which included an appeal by Pope Francis , as well as James Reynolds, a senior attorney and former US Attorney who supervised the prosecution against Peltier in the appeal period following his initial trial. In
1617-576: A column for the communist newspaper People's World from May 1939 to January 1940. Throughout his life, Guthrie was associated with United States communist groups, although he apparently did not belong to any. With the outbreak of World War II and the Molotov–Ribbentrop non-aggression pact the Soviet Union had signed with Germany in 1939, the anti-Stalin owners of KFVD radio were not comfortable with Guthrie's political leanings after he wrote
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#17330939292741764-518: A former FBI Chief Agent and living under the name Darlene Ecoffey. During the Looking Cloud trial, the Honorable Lawrence L. Piersol admitted the testimony with the following statement: "The requested testimony is hearsay, but I am going to admit it for a limited purpose only. This is a limiting instruction. It isn't admitted nor received for the truth of the matter stated. In other words, whether
1911-538: A letter to the United States Department of Justice , Reynolds wrote that clemency was "in the best interest of justice in considering the totality of all matters involved". In a subsequent letter to the Chicago Tribune , Reynolds added that the case against Peltier "was a very thin case that likely would not be upheld by courts today. It is a gross overstatement to label Peltier a 'cold-blooded murderer' on
2058-612: A mine in the Mediterranean Sea , killing one person aboard, but the ship sailed to Bizerte , Tunisia under her own power. His last ship, Sea Porpoise , took troops from the United States to England and France for the D-Day invasion. Guthrie was aboard when the ship was torpedoed off Utah Beach by the German submarine U-390 on July 5, 1944, injuring 12 of the crew. Guthrie was unhurt and
2205-446: A number of prominent figures across a wide range of disciplines. In 1999, Peltier asserted on CNN that he did not commit the murders and that he has no knowledge who shot the FBI agents nor knowledge implicating others in the crime. Peltier has described himself as a political prisoner . Numerous public and legal appeals have been filed on his behalf; however, due to the consistent objection of
2352-847: A political figure, they minimized Guthrie's role. The Department of the Interior hired him for one month to write songs about the Columbia River and the construction of the federal dams for the documentary's soundtrack. Guthrie toured the Columbia River and the Pacific Northwest. Guthrie said he "couldn't believe it, it's a paradise", which appeared to inspire him creatively. In one month Guthrie wrote 26 songs, including three of his most famous: " Roll On, Columbia, Roll On ", " Pastures of Plenty ", and " Grand Coulee Dam ". The surviving songs were released as Columbia River Songs . The film "Columbia"
2499-474: A rare first-hand account of Guthrie during his Merchant Marine service, at one point describing how Guthrie referred to his guitar as a "Hoping Machine. But later during duty aboard the troop ship, Guthrie built an actual "Hoping Machine" made of cloth, whirligigs and discarded metal attached to a railing at the stern, aimed at lifting the soldiers' spirits. In 1945, the government decided that Guthrie's association with communism excluded him from further service in
2646-469: A real working class person and not an intellectual". Guthrie contributed songwriting and authenticity in much the same capacity for Pete Seeger's post-Almanac Singers project People's Songs , a newsletter and booking organization for labor singers, founded in 1945. Guthrie was a prolific writer, penning thousands of pages of unpublished poems and prose, many written while living in New York City. After
2793-540: A recording session with Alan Lomax, Lomax suggested Guthrie write an autobiography. Lomax thought Guthrie's descriptions of growing up were some of the best accounts he had read of American childhood. During this time, Guthrie met Marjorie Mazia (the professional name of Marjorie Greenblatt), a dancer in New York who would become his second wife. Mazia was an instructor at the Martha Graham Dance School , where she
2940-483: A red pickup truck. Evidence was given that Peltier was driving a Chevrolet Suburban ; a large sport utility vehicle built on a pickup truck chassis, with an enclosed rear section. Peltier's vehicle was orange with a white roof – not a red open-bed pickup truck with no white paint. At Peltier's trial, FBI agents changed their previous statements that they had been in search of a red pickup truck and instead said they were looking for an orange and white van, similar to
3087-452: A request under the Freedom of Information Act prompted another examination of the FBI ballistics report used to convict Peltier. An impartial expert evaluated the firing pin linked to the gun that shot Williams and Coler and concluded that some cartridge cases from the scene of the crime did not come from the rifle tied to Peltier Again, the appeals court rejected the defense's argument, because
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#17330939292743234-526: A song praising the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and the Soviet invasion of Poland . He left the station, ending up in New York, where he wrote and recorded his 1940 album Dust Bowl Ballads , based on his experiences during the 1930s, which earned him the nickname the "Dust Bowl Troubadour". In February 1940, he wrote his most famous song, " This Land Is Your Land ". He said it was a response to what he felt
3381-566: A station wagon. The following day, AIM member Robideau, Norman Charles, and Michael Anderson were injured in the accidental explosion of ammunition from Peltier's station wagon on the Kansas Turnpike close to Wichita . Agent Coler's .308 rifle and an AR-15 rifle were found in the burned vehicle. The FBI forwarded a description of a recreational vehicle (RV) and the Plymouth station wagon (recently purchased by Peltier) to law enforcement during
3528-503: A student and dropped out of high school in his senior year before graduation, his teachers described him as bright. He was an avid reader on a wide range of topics. In 1929, Guthrie's father sent for Woody to join him in Texas, but little changed for the aspiring musician. Guthrie, then 18, was reluctant to attend high school classes in Pampa; he spent most of his time learning songs by busking on
3675-401: A three day party to commemorate being evicted, and the house was destroyed after only one night, which resulted in the police being called. Spaz would make an appearance on the band's next album, Mobilize , where he was featured on a live version of the song and explained some of the inaccuracies in the song. Bring Out Your Dead was the first song Chris wrote for the band. He later said that he
3822-419: A total of 174 times from May 1939 to January 1940. "Woody Sez" was not explicitly political, but it covered current events as observed by Guthrie. He wrote the columns in an exaggerated hillbilly dialect and usually included a small comic. These columns were published posthumously as a collection after Guthrie's death. Steve Earle said of Guthrie, "I don't think of Woody Guthrie as a political writer. He
3969-595: A variety of causes championing Native American civil rights. In the early 1970s, he learned about the factional tensions at the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota between supporters of Richard Wilson , elected tribal chairman in 1972, and traditionalist members of the Lakota tribe. It was Dennis Banks who first invited Leonard Peltier to join AIM. Consequently, Peltier became an official member of
4116-493: A welder, a construction worker, and as the co-owner of an auto shop in Seattle in his twenties. The co-owners used the upper level of the building as a stopping place, or halfway house, for American Indians who had alcohol addiction issues or had recently finished their prison sentences and were re-entering society. However, the halfway house took a financial toll on the shop, so they closed it. In Seattle, Peltier became involved in
4263-635: A word Pete and Woody had picked up in their cross-country travels. The singers eventually outgrew the space and moved into the cooperative Almanac House in Greenwich Village . Initially, Guthrie helped write and sing what the Almanac Singers termed "peace" songs while the Nazi–Soviet Pact was in effect. After Hitler's invasion of the Soviet Union, the group wrote anti-fascist songs. The members of
4410-531: A young man named Jimmy Eagle, who was wanted for questioning in connection with the recent assault of two local ranch hands and theft of a pair of cowboy boots. Sometime after 11:00 a.m., Williams and Coler, driving two separate unmarked cars, spotted, reported, and followed what was variously described as a red pick-up truck or van, but was in fact a white over orange Chevy Suburban Carryall carrying Leonard Peltier, Norman Charles, and Joe Stuntz. Peltier had an outstanding federal warrant for attempted murder of
4557-563: Is a Native American activist and a member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) who, following a controversial trial, was convicted of two counts of first degree murder in the deaths of two Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents in a June 26, 1975, shooting on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. He was sentenced to two consecutive terms of life imprisonment and has been imprisoned since 1976. Peltier became eligible for parole in 1993. As of 2022 , Peltier
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4704-547: Is a straight-forward punk song. Vieques, Puerto Rico draws attention to the US Government's use of Puerto Rico for military training and munitions testing, and the protests by the citizens there against the practice. Stars and Stripes is another slower track that features an ongoing bass riff backed by heavy power chords. Watch the Right is a warning against center-right politicians that try to masquerade as liberals. The Panama Deception
4851-570: Is incarcerated at the United States Penitentiary, Coleman , in Florida . In his 1999 memoir Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance , Peltier admitted to participating in the shootout but said he did not kill the FBI agents. Human rights watchdogs, such as Amnesty International , and political figures including Nelson Mandela , Mother Teresa , and the 14th Dalai Lama , have campaigned for clemency for Peltier. On January 18, 2017, it
4998-409: Is more likely that these casings were ejected from an AR-15 in the firefight that occurred after Coler and Williams were killed and other agents had joined in the shooting." "During the trial, all the bullets and bullet fragments found at the scene were provided as evidence and detailed by Cortland Cunningham, FBI firearms expert, in testimony (Ref US v. Leonard Peltier , Vol 9). Years later, in 2004,
5145-524: Is the heaviest song on the record, and mentions the 1997 movie Wag the Dog , while connecting it to the Bush -led Invasion of Panama in 1989. Culture Revolution also features a guitar solo from Justin, and calls for a revolution against the apathy and consumerism pushed by the media. Spaz's House Destruction Party was based on an actual party that the band had been a part of in 1994. The band's friend, Spaz, had organized
5292-494: Is told in the artist's down-home dialect. The Library Journal complained about the "too careful reproduction of illiterate speech". However, Clifton Fadiman, reviewing the book in The New Yorker , remarked that "Someday people are going to wake up to the fact that Woody Guthrie and the ten thousand songs that leap and tumble off the strings of his music box are a national possession, like Yellowstone and Yosemite , and part of
5439-603: The American Indian Movement (AIM) in 1972, which was founded by urban Indians in Minneapolis in 1968, at a time of rising Indian activism for civil rights. Wilson had created a private militia, known as the Guardians of the Oglala Nation (GOON), whose members were reputed to have attacked political opponents. Protests over a failed impeachment hearing of Wilson contributed to the AIM and Lakota armed takeover of Wounded Knee at
5586-719: The Dust Bowl period, was included on Mojo magazine's list of 100 Records That Changed The World, and many of his recorded songs are archived in the Library of Congress . Songwriters who have acknowledged Guthrie as a major influence on their work include Steve Earle , Bob Dylan , Lou Reed , Phil Ochs , Johnny Cash , Bruce Springsteen , Donovan , Robert Hunter , Harry Chapin , John Mellencamp , Pete Seeger , Andy Irvine , Joe Strummer , Billy Bragg , Jerry Garcia , Bob Weir , Jeff Tweedy , Tom Paxton , Brian Fallon , Sean Bonnette , and Sixto Rodríguez . He frequently performed with
5733-403: The Dust Bowl 's brutal weather. He could not get it published. It was published posthumously in 2013, by Harper , under actor Johnny Depp 's publishing imprint, Infinitum Nihil . Guthrie was also a prolific sketcher and painter, his images ranging from simple, impressionistic images to free and characterful drawings, typically of the people in his songs. In 1949, Guthrie's music was used in
5880-507: The Library of Congress —as well as an album, Dust Bowl Ballads , for Victor Records in Camden, New Jersey . In February 1940, he wrote his most famous song, " This Land Is Your Land ", as a response to what he felt was an overplaying of Irving Berlin 's " God Bless America " on the radio. Guthrie thought the lyrics were unrealistic and complacent. He adapted the melody from an old gospel song, "Oh My Loving Brother", which had been adapted by
6027-727: The Royal Canadian Mounted Police in Hinton , Alberta , Canada at the Smallboy Camp, transported to Calgary , Alberta and taken to the Oakalla Prison Farm in Vancouver , British Columbia . In December 1976, Peltier was extradited from Canada based on documents submitted by the FBI. Warren Allmand , Canada's Solicitor General at the time, later stated that these documents contained false information. (Blackhorse
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6174-839: The United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights , the United Nations Working Group on Indigenous Populations , the European Parliament , the Belgian Parliament , and the Italian Parliament have all passed resolutions in favor of Peltier's clemency. Moreover, several human rights groups including the International Federation for Human Rights and Amnesty International have launched campaigns advocating for Peltier's clemency. In
6321-625: The United Nations Human Rights Council 's Working Group on Arbitrary Detention released a seventeen-page analysis of Peltier's detention, rendering the opinion that it contravenes "articles 2, 7, and 9 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and articles 2 (1), 9 and 26 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights , is arbitrary and falls within categories III and V." The Working Group urged
6468-431: The anti-communist political climate. As his health worsened, he met and married his third wife, Anneke van Kirk. They had a child, Lorina Lynn. The couple moved to Fruit Cove, Florida , where they briefly lived. They lived in a bus on land called Beluthahatchee , owned by his friend Stetson Kennedy . Guthrie's arm was hurt in an accident when gasoline used to start the campfire exploded. Although he regained movement in
6615-552: The neighborhood of Lents , on the promise of a job. Gunther von Fritsch was directing a documentary about the Bonneville Power Administration 's construction of the Grand Coulee Dam on the Columbia River , and needed a narrator. Alan Lomax had recommended Guthrie to narrate the film and sing songs onscreen. The original project was expected to take 12 months, but as filmmakers became worried about casting such
6762-500: The Almanac Singers and residents of the Almanac House were a loosely defined group of musicians, though the core members included Guthrie, Pete Seeger , Millard Lampell and Lee Hays . In keeping with common utopian ideals, meals, chores and rent at the Almanac House were shared. The Sunday hootenannies were good opportunities to collect donation money for rent. Songs written in the Almanac House had shared songwriting credits among all
6909-468: The FBI agents. DeMain described the delegation as "grandfathers and grandmothers, AIM activists, pipe carriers and others who have carried a heavy unhealthy burden within them that has taken its toll." DeMain said he was also told that the motive for the execution-style murder of high-ranking AIM activist Anna Mae Aquash in December 1975 at Pine Ridge "allegedly was her knowledge that Leonard Peltier had shot
7056-441: The FBI in connection with her cooperation on the case. She said it was compensation for travel expenses to collect evidence and moving expenses to be farther from her ex-husband Dennis Banks, whom she feared because she had implicated him as a witness. Peltier has claimed that Kamook Nichols committed perjury with her testimony. No investigation has been opened into the allegedly perjured testimony of Kamook Nichols, now married to
7203-431: The FBI produced forensic evidence that the two FBI agents were killed by close-range shots to their heads, when they were already defenseless because of previous gunshot wounds. Consequently, Peltier could not submit a self-defense testimony like the other activists had. The jury was also shown autopsy and crime scene photographs of the two agents, which had not been shown to the jury at Cedar Rapids. In April 1977, Peltier
7350-407: The FBI, Louis Freeh and FBI agents who had participated in the campaign against his clemency petition, alleging that they "engaged in a systematic and officially sanctioned campaign of misinformation and disinformation." On March 22, 2004, the suit was dismissed. In January 2009, President George W. Bush denied Peltier's clemency petition before leaving office. In 2016, Peltier's attorney's filed
7497-506: The FBI, none of the resulting rulings has been made in his favor. His appeals for clemency received support from world famous civil rights advocates including Nelson Mandela , Archbishop Desmond Tutu , and Rev. Jesse Jackson , Tenzin Gyatso (the 14th Dalai Lama ), Nobel Peace Prize Laureate and activist Rigoberta Menchú , and Mother Teresa . International government entities such as the Office of
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#17330939292747644-562: The Goon Squad. There were many murders and assaults in a three-year timeframe. When plain-clothed agents in unmarked cars arrived, a firefight ensued. Leonard did not shoot the agents, and the FBI knew this but withheld evidence. The court of appeals acknowledged this but couldn't overturn the conviction due to legal standards. Judge Heaney, who wrote the opinion, later supported clemency for Leonard. Now, 38 of Judge Heaney's former clerks support parole for Leonard, including three who worked on his case. The government admits they don't know who killed
7791-648: The Greenwich Village loft of sculptor Harold Ambellan and his fiancée. Guthrie had some success in New York at this time as a guest on CBS 's radio program Back Where I Come From and used his influence to get a spot on the show for his friend Huddie "Lead Belly" Ledbetter . Ledbetter's Tenth Street apartment was a gathering spot for the musician circle in New York at the time, and Guthrie and Ledbetter were good friends, as they had busked together at bars in Harlem. In November 1941, Seeger introduced Guthrie to his friend
7938-586: The Humphrey-Weidman Studio Theatre in New York City. Guthrie provided live music for the performance, which featured Maslow and her New Dance Group. Two-and-a-half years later, Maslow brought Folksay to early television under the direction of Leo Hurwitz. The same group performed the ballet live in front of CBS TV cameras. The 30-minute broadcast aired on WCBW, the pioneer CBS television station in New York City (now WCBS-TV ), from 8:15–8:45 pm ET on November 24, 1944. Featured were Maslow and
8085-483: The Jumping Bull family had allowed AIM to encamp, the occupants of the Suburban stopped, exited the vehicle, and a firefight ensued. Between 11:45 and 11:50 a.m., Williams radioed to a local dispatch that he and Coler had come under fire from the vehicle's occupants. Williams radioed that they would be killed if reinforcements did not arrive. He next radioed that they both had been shot. FBI Special Agent Gary Adams
8232-592: The Labor for Victory program popular enough for an indefinite run, using labor news, name speakers and interviews with workmen. Labor partisanship, they promise, is out." Writers for Labor for Victory included: Peter Lyon, a progressive journalist; Millard Lampell (born Allan Sloane), later an American movie and television screenwriter; and Morton Wishengrad, who worked for the AFL. For entertainment on CIO episodes, De Caux asked singer and songwriter Woody Guthrie to contribute to
8379-662: The Merchant Marine; he was drafted into the U.S. Army . While he was on furlough from the Army, Guthrie married Marjorie. After his discharge, they moved into a house on Mermaid Avenue in Coney Island and over time had four children: daughters Cathy and Nora ; and sons Arlo and Joady. Cathy died as a result of a fire at the age of four, and Guthrie suffered a serious depression from his grief. Arlo and Joady followed in their father's footsteps as singer-songwriters. When his family
8526-520: The New Dance Group, which included among others Jane Dudley, Pearl Primus, and William Bales. Woody Guthrie and fellow folk singer Tony Kraber played guitar, sang songs, and read text from The People, Yes . The program received positive reviews and was performed on television over WCBW a second time in early 1945. In May 1941, after a brief stay in Los Angeles, Guthrie moved to Portland, Oregon , in
8673-654: The Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation. In September 1953, at the age of nine, Leonard was enrolled at the Wahpeton Indian School in Wahpeton, North Dakota , an Indian boarding school run by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Leonard remained 150 miles (240 km) away from his home at Wahpeton Indian School through the ninth grade; the school forced assimilation to white American culture by requiring
8820-635: The United States was the best use of his talents. Labor for Victory: In April 1942, Time magazine reported that the AFL (American Federation of Labor) and the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) had agreed to a joint radio production, called Labor for Victory . NBC agreed to run the weekly segment as a "public service". The AFL and CIO presidents William Green and Philip Murray agreed to let their press chiefs, Philip Pearl and Len De Caux , narrate on alternate weeks. The show ran on NBC radio on Saturdays 10:15–10:30 pm, starting on April 25, 1942. Time wrote, "De Caux and Pearl hope to make
8967-419: The United States, the Kennedy Memorial Center for Human Rights , the Committee of Concerned Scientists, Inc. , the National Lawyers Guild , and the American Association of Jurists are all active supporters of clemency for Peltier. The police officer who arrested Peltier, Bob Newbrook, is convinced that he "was extradited illegally and that he didn't get a fair trial in the United States." On June 7, 2022,
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#17330939292749114-422: The age of 23 as the result of an automobile accident. The daughters both died of Huntington's disease at the age of 41, in the 1970s. Evidently the disease had been passed on from their father, although Guthrie himself was diagnosed with the condition later in life, in 1952, when he was 43 years old. Guthrie and Mary divorced in 1940. Mary Esther Jennings Guthrie Bailey Boyle remarried, had another child, and died at
9261-424: The age of 97 in California. Guthrie married twice more, to Marjorie Greenblatt (1945–1953), and Anneke van Kirk (1953–1956), having a total of eight children. During the Dust Bowl period, Guthrie joined the thousands of Okies and others who migrated to California to look for work, leaving his wife and children in Texas. Many of his songs are concerned with the conditions faced by working-class people. During
9408-461: The agents with a stolen British .308 rifle. Peltier had an AR-15 rifle. The two agents had fired a total of five shots: two from Williams' handgun, one from Coler's handgun, one from Coler's rifle, and one from Coler's shotgun. In total, 125 bullet holes were found in the agents' vehicles, many from a .223 Remington AR-15 rifle. The FBI reported that Williams received a defensive wound to his right hand (as he attempted to shield his face) from
9555-428: The agents, but it wasn't Leonard. It's time to release Leonard and start the healing process." FBI radio intercepts indicated that the two FBI agents Williams and Coler had entered the Pine Ridge Reservation in pursuit of a suspected thief in a red pickup truck. The FBI confirmed this claim the day after the shootout, but red pickup trucks near the reservation had been stopped for weeks, and Leonard Peltier did not drive
9702-475: The arm, he was never able to play the guitar again. In 1954, the couple returned to New York, living in the Beach Haven apartment complex owned and operated by Fred Trump in Gravesend, Brooklyn ; Guthrie composed there the song " Old Man Trump ". Shortly after, Anneke filed for divorce, a result of the strain of caring for Guthrie. Anneke left New York after arranging for friends to adopt Lorina Lynn. Lorina had no further contact with her birth parents. She died in
9849-424: The attempted murder of an off-duty Milwaukee police officer. (He was acquitted of the attempted murder charge in February 1978.) During this period, Peltier had seven children from two marriages and adopted two children. On June 26, 1975, Special Agents Ronald Arthur Williams and Jack Ross Coler of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) returned to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to continue searching for
9996-421: The ballot in California. He ran for vice president of the United States in 2020 on the Party for Socialism and Liberation ticket with Gloria La Riva as the presidential candidate, as well as tickets for other left-wing parties and on the ballot of the Peace and Freedom Party. For health reasons, Peltier withdrew from those tickets on August 1, 2020. He is of Lakota , Dakota , and Anishinaabe descent, and
10143-441: The band's compilation album A Document of Dissent , released in 2014. Underground Network and Spaz's House Destruction Party would be included as live tracks on the band's next album, Mobilize . Spaz's House Destruction Party would also be included in the band's live album Live Vol 2, along with Angry, Young and Poor. The band would rerecord Bring Out Your Dead for their 20 Years of Hell series. Chris #2 has also frequently played
10290-402: The basis of the minimal proof that survived the appeals in his case." On January 18, 2017, two days before President Obama left office, the Office of the Pardon Attorney announced that Obama had denied Peltier's application for clemency. On June 8, 2018, KFGO Radio in Fargo, N.D., reported that Peltier filed a formal clemency request with President Trump. KFGO obtained and published a letter that
10437-412: The beautiful morning before he heard the firing. In his 1999 memoir Prison Writings: My Life Is My Sun Dance , Peltier admitted to participating in the shootout but said he did not kill the FBI agents. On September 5, 1975, Butler was arrested; Agent Williams' handgun and ammunition were recovered from an automobile in the vicinity of Butler's arrest location. On September 9, 1975, Peltier purchased
10584-530: The best stuff this country has to show the world." This book was the inspiration for the movie Bound for Glory , starring David Carradine , which won the 1976 Academy Award for Original Music Score for Original Song Score and Its Adaptation or Adaptation Score, and the National Board of Review Award for Best Actor , among other accolades. In 1944, Guthrie met Moses "Moe" Asch of Folkways Records , for whom he first recorded "This Land Is Your Land". Over
10731-492: The case. DeMain issued a statement saying he did not think Peltier was given a fair trial for the two murder convictions, nor did he think Peltier was connected to Aquash's death. DeMain stated he did not retract his allegations that Peltier was guilty of the murders of the FBI agents and that the motive for Aquash's murder was the fear that she might inform on the activist. In 2003, there were federal grand jury hearings on charges against Arlo Looking Cloud and John Graham for
10878-670: The children to use English and forbidding the inclusion of Native American culture. He graduated from Wahpeton in May 1957, and attended the Flandreau Indian School in Flandreau, South Dakota . After finishing the ninth grade, he returned to the Turtle Mountain Reservation to live with his father. Peltier later obtained a general equivalency degree (GED). In 1965, Peltier relocated to Seattle, Washington . Peltier worked as
11025-600: The children visited Guthrie at Greystone every Sunday. They answered fan mail and the children played on the hospital grounds. Eventually, a longtime fan of Guthrie invited the family to his nearby home for the Sunday visits. This lasted until Guthrie was moved to the Brooklyn State Hospital, which was closer to Howard Beach , New York, where Marjorie and the children then lived. During the final few years of his life, Guthrie had become isolated except for family. By 1965, he
11172-562: The communist circles in Southern California. Notwithstanding Guthrie's later claim that "the best thing that I did in 1936 was to sign up with the Communist Party ", he was never a member of the party. He was noted as a fellow traveler —an outsider who agreed with the platform of the party while avoiding party discipline. Guthrie wrote a column for the communist newspaper, People's World . The column, titled "Woody Sez", appeared
11319-514: The country group the Carter Family for their song "Little Darling Pal Of Mine". Guthrie signed the manuscript with the comment, "All you can write is what you see." Although the song was written in 1940, it was four years before he recorded it for Moses Asch in April 1944. Sheet music was produced and given to schools by Howie Richmond sometime later. In March 1940, Guthrie was invited to play at
11466-636: The crime scene. However, the appeals court confirmed his conviction in 1986, noting that even though later evidence suggested there were multiple AR-15s in the area, the government's expert witness had testified during the trial that he could not match 14 shell casings to the AR-15 that killed the agents. The appeals court stated further that the fact was ultimately irrelevant given these shells were ejected in locations such that "it would have been very difficult, if not impossible, for anyone to have fired at Coler and Williams from these points," instead concluding that "it
11613-615: The documentary film Columbia River , which explored government dams and hydroelectric projects on the river. Guthrie had been commissioned by the US Bonneville Power Administration in 1941 to write songs for the project, but it had been postponed by World War II. The years immediately after the war when he lived on Mermaid Avenue were among Guthrie's most productive as a writer. His extensive writings from this time were archived and maintained by Marjorie and later his estate, mostly handled by his daughter Nora. Several of
11760-461: The extradition hearing, taken alone, constituted sufficient evidence to justify Mr. Peltier's committal on two murder charges." Peltier fought extradition to the United States. Robideau and Butler were acquitted on grounds of self-defense by a federal jury in Cedar Rapids, Iowa since the forensic evidence showed they had not been the ones to execute the agents and the government had no witnesses at
11907-550: The federal building in Milwaukee and was on his way to Wounded Knee with the group to deliver supplies when the incident ended. In 1975, Peltier traveled as a member of AIM to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation to help reduce violence among political opponents. At the time, he was a fugitive, with an arrest warrant having been issued in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. It charged him with unlawful flight to avoid prosecution for
12054-465: The high resolve to rid the world of Fascism in 1942". Speakers included Donald E. Montgomery , then "consumer's counselor" at the U.S. Department of Agriculture . Merchant Marine: Guthrie lobbied the United States Army to accept him as a USO performer instead of conscripting him as a soldier in the draft. When Guthrie's attempts failed, his friends Cisco Houston and Jim Longhi persuaded
12201-448: The homes of family friends. Guthrie had a natural affinity for music, learning old ballads and traditional English and Scottish songs from the parents of friends. Guthrie befriended an African-American shoeshine boy named George, who played blues on his harmonica. After listening to George play, Guthrie bought his own harmonica and began playing along with him. He used to busk for money and food. Although Guthrie did not do well as
12348-530: The hunt for the suspects. The RV was stopped by an Oregon State Trooper, but the driver, later discovered to be Peltier, fled on foot after a small shootout. Peltier's thumbprint and Agent Coler's handgun were discovered under the RV's front seat. On December 22, 1975, Peltier was named to the FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list. On February 6, 1976, Peltier was arrested along with Frank Blackhorse by
12495-537: The information included in the FOIA request "did not refer to the .223 casing found in the agents’ car, but to other casings found at the scene." The court concluded that given the immaterial nature of this new evidence, it was not probable that the jury would have reached a different verdict had that information been available. Peltier began serving his sentences in 1977. On July 20, 1979, he and two other inmates escaped from Federal Correctional Institution, Lompoc . One inmate
12642-413: The label, but Mike had turned them down, offering to release it on Honest Don's Records due to the band being different than the other bands on Fat. Instead, the band released the album on Go-Kart Records and A-F Records , their own label. Mike told them on the tour that he had been impressed with them turning him down, and offered to release their next album on Fat. The band accepted, and they went into
12789-486: The latter part of that decade in Los Angeles , he achieved fame with radio partner Maxine "Lefty Lou" Crissman as a broadcast performer of commercial hillbilly music and traditional folk music. Guthrie was making enough money to send for his family to join him from Texas. While appearing on the radio station KFVD , owned by a populist-minded New Deal Democrat, Frank W. Burke , Guthrie began to write and perform some of
12936-451: The loss of his family's home in Okemah a month after it was completed. When Guthrie was seven, his sister Clara died after setting her clothes on fire during an argument with her mother, and, later, in 1927, their father was severely burned in a fire at home. Guthrie's mother, Nora, was afflicted with Huntington's disease , although the family did not know this at the time. What they could see
13083-584: The manuscripts also contain writing by a young Arlo and the other Guthrie children. During this time Ramblin' Jack Elliott studied extensively under Guthrie, visiting his home and observing how he wrote and performed. Elliott, like Bob Dylan later, idolized Guthrie. He was inspired by the singer's idiomatic performance style and repertoire. Because of the decline caused by Guthrie's progressive Huntington's disease , Arlo Guthrie and Bob Dylan both later said that they had learned much of Guthrie's performance style from Elliott. When asked about this, Elliott said, "I
13230-470: The members, although in the case of " Union Maid ", members would later state that Guthrie wrote the song, ensuring that his children would receive residuals. In the Almanac House, Guthrie added authenticity to their work, since he was a "real" working class Oklahoman. "There was the heart of America personified in Woody ... And for a New York Left that was primarily Jewish, first or second generation American, and
13377-571: The message " This machine kills fascists " displayed on his guitar. Guthrie was brought up by middle-class parents in Okemah, Oklahoma . He married at 19, but with the advent of the dust storms that marked the Dust Bowl period, he left his wife and three children to join the thousands of Okies who were migrating to California looking for employment. He worked at Los Angeles radio station KFVD , achieving some fame from playing hillbilly music , made friends with Will Geer and John Steinbeck , and wrote
13524-625: The morning of the attacks. In an interview with the author Peter Matthiessen ( In the Spirit of Crazy Horse , 1983), Peltier described working on a car in Oglala, claiming he had driven back to the Jumping Bull Compound about an hour before the shooting started. In an interview with Lee Hill, though, he described being awakened in his tent at the ranch encampment by the sound of gunshots; but to Harvey Arden, for Prison Writings , he described enjoying
13671-627: The murder of Anna Mae Aquash. Bruce Ellison, Leonard Peltier's lawyer since the 1970s, was subpoenaed and invoked his Fifth Amendment rights against self-incrimination, refusing to testify. He also refused to testify, on the same grounds, at Looking Cloud's trial in 2004. During the trial, the federal prosecutor named Ellison as a co-conspirator in the Aquash case. Witnesses said that Ellison participated in interrogating Aquash about being an FBI informant on December 11, 1975, shortly before her murder. In February 2004, Fritz Arlo Looking Cloud , an Oglala Sioux,
13818-534: The next few years, he recorded " Worried Man Blues ", along with hundreds of other songs . These recordings would later be released by Folkways and Stinson Records, which had joint distribution rights. The Folkways recordings are available (through the Smithsonian Institution online shop); the most complete series of these sessions, culled from dates with Asch, is titled The Asch Recordings . Guthrie believed performing his anti-fascist songs and poems in
13965-410: The one Peltier drove. This contradictory statement by the FBI was a highly contentious matter of evidence in the trials. Though the FBI's investigation indicated that an AR-15 was used to kill the agents, several different AR-15s were in the area at the time of the shootout. Also, no other cartridge cases or evidence about them was offered by the prosecutor's office, though other bullets were fired at
14112-517: The poet Charles Olson , then a junior editor at the fledgling magazine Common Ground . The meeting led to Guthrie writing the article "Ear Players" in the Spring 1942 issue of the magazine. The article marked Guthrie's debut as a published writer in the mainstream media. In September 1940, Guthrie was invited by the Model Tobacco Company to host their radio program Pipe Smoking Time . Guthrie
14259-448: The protest songs that he eventually released on his album Dust Bowl Ballads . This song is Copyrighted in U.S., under Seal of Copyright #154085, for a period of 28 years, and anybody caught singin' it without our permission, will be mighty good friends of ourn, cause we don't give a dern. Publish it. Write it. Sing it. Swing to it. Yodel it. We wrote it, that's all we wanted to do. While at KFVD, Guthrie met newscaster Ed Robbin. Robbin
14406-525: The reservation in February 1973. Federal forces reacted, conducting a 71-day siege, which became known as the Wounded Knee Occupation . They demanded the resignation of Wilson. Peltier, however, spent most of the occupation in a Milwaukee , Wisconsin jail charged with attempted murder related to a different protest. When Peltier secured bail at the end of April, he took part in an AIM protest outside
14553-470: The rumor is true or not. It is simply received as to what the rumor was. So it is limited to what the rumor was, it is not admitted for the truth of the statement as to whether the rumor was true or not." On June 26, 2007, the Supreme Court of British Columbia ordered the extradition of John Graham to the United States to stand trial for his alleged role in the murder of Aquash. He was eventually tried by
14700-524: The scene said that Poor Bear did not know Peltier and was not present during the murders. Poor Bear later admitted to lying to the FBI, but said the agents interviewing her had coerced her into making the claims. When Poor Bear tried to testify against the FBI, the judge barred her testimony because of mental incompetence. However, the Canadian government later reviewed the extradition and concluded it had been lawful since "the circumstantial evidence presented at
14847-535: The seventh broadcast, claiming he had begun to feel the show was too restrictive when he was told what to sing. Disgruntled with New York, Guthrie packed up Mary and his children in a new car and headed west to California. Choreographer Sophie Maslow developed Folksay as an elaborate mix of modern dance and ballet, which combined folk songs by Woody Guthrie with text from Carl Sandburg 's 1936 book-length poem The People, Yes . The premiere took place in March 1942 at
14994-544: The ship stayed afloat; Sea Porpoise returned to England, where she was repaired at Newcastle . In July 1944, she returned to the United States. Guthrie was an active supporter of the National Maritime Union , one of many unions for wartime American merchant sailors. Guthrie wrote songs about his experience in the Merchant Marine but was never satisfied with them. Longhi later wrote about Guthrie's marine experiences in his book Woody, Cisco and Me . The book offers
15141-618: The show. "Personally, I would like to see a phonograph record made of your 'Girl in the Red, White, and Blue. ' " The title appears in at least one collection of Guthrie records. Guthrie consented and performed solo two or three times on this program (among several other WWII radio shows, including Answering You , Labor for Victory , Jazz in America , and We the People ). On August 29, 1942, he performed "The Farmer-Labor Train", with lyrics he had written to
15288-562: The singer to join the U.S. Merchant Marine in June 1943. He made several voyages aboard merchant ships SS William B. Travis , SS William Floyd , and SS Sea Porpoise , while they traveled in convoys during the Battle of the Atlantic . He served as a mess man and dishwasher, and frequently sang for the crew and troops to buoy their spirits on transatlantic voyages. His first ship, William B. Travis , hit
15435-560: The son of Nora Belle (née Sherman) and Charles Edward Guthrie. His parents named him after Woodrow Wilson , then Governor of New Jersey and the Democratic candidate who was elected as President of the United States in fall 1912 . Charles Guthrie was an industrious businessman, owning at one time up to 30 plots of land in Okfuskee County. He was actively involved in Oklahoma politics and
15582-580: The song Born to Die, off of Their System Doesn't Work for You, and features commentary on the problems facing the American Youth. This Machine Kills Fascists is a hardcore style song that attacks the Neo-Nazi punks who had tried to infiltrate the Pittsburgh punk scene. The title track is a slower, more melodic track and features a guitar solo from Justin. The song criticizes American Mainstream Media, and calls for
15729-445: The song during his Instagram live streams. Chris #2 said in a live video on Instagram that Spaz's House Destruction Party was one of the most requested songs the band would get while on tour, but said that they didn't like playing it live because it was "too long". Woody Guthrie Woodrow Wilson Guthrie ( / ˈ ɡ ʌ θ r i / ; July 14, 1912 – October 3, 1967) was an American singer-songwriter and composer who
15876-567: The streets and reading in the library at Pampa's city hall. He regularly played at dances with his father's half-brother Jeff Guthrie, a fiddle player. His mother died in 1930 of complications of Huntington's disease while still in the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane. At age 20, Guthrie met and married his first wife, Oklahoma-born Mary Jennings (1917-2014), in Texas in 1931. They had three children together: Gwendolyn, Sue, and Bill. Bill died at
16023-482: The studio in November of that year to start recording. Having co-produced their last 2 albums with Joe West, the band asked Squirtgun bassist and producer Mass Giorgini to produce the album, in order to make them sound better. According to Justin, "I could write half decent songs. The problem was that we couldn't play them very well. Luckily...Mass Giorgini found a way to help us sound like better musicians than we were at
16170-447: The time who could prove they knew they were attacking FBI officers. This was not the case in Peltier's trial, where the FBI had forensic evidence and eyewitnesses that together linked Peltier directly to the killings of the officers. Peltier's trial was held in Fargo, North Dakota , where a jury convicted him of the murders of Coler and Williams. Unlike in the trial for Butler and Robideau,
16317-400: The time." The band worked on the album throughout November, and January through February. Mass had originally told Pat that it would take about an hour to record each song, although it took the band three months to finish it. All of the songs were recorded at Giorigini's studio, Sonic Iguana Studios. Musically, the album is heavier than their previous albums. The album's lyrics were inspired by
16464-524: The truck away at high speed down the rough gravel road, resulting in a broken transmission, after which he again fled on foot. Peltier was later apprehended without incident. After a six-week trial held in Los Angeles before Judge Lawrence T. Lydick , Peltier was convicted and sentenced to serve a five-year sentence for escape and a two-year sentence for a felon in possession of a firearm, in addition to his preexisting two life sentences. Peltier's conviction sparked great controversy and has drawn criticism from
16611-414: The tune of " Wabash Cannonball ". (In 1948, he reworked the "Wabash Cannonball" melody as "The Wallace-Taylor Train" for the 1948 Progressive National Convention , which nominated former U.S. Vice President Henry A. Wallace for president.) The Almanac Singers (of which Guthrie and Lampell were co-founders) appeared on The Treasury Hour and CBS Radio's We the People . The latter was later produced as
16758-457: The two agents, as he was convicted." DeMain did not accuse Peltier of participation in the Aquash murder. In 2003 two Native American men were indicted and later convicted of the murder. On May 1, 2003, Peltier sued DeMain for libel for similar statements about the case published on March 10, 2003, in News from Indian Country . On May 25, 2004, Peltier withdrew the suit after he and DeMain settled
16905-428: The use of alternative news media. "I worked for a long time on the bass lines for this session. It was my first with the full band. Also the first record I wrote and sang songs on. It was nerve wracking. But the rest of the band were there the whole time. It really started the trend of us backing each other up no matter what the idea." -Chris #2 Daddy Warbux is the first song to feature Chris #2 singing lead vocals, and
17052-399: The writings of Noam Chomsky , Howard Zinn , and Matthew Rothschild. This is the first album to feature material written by Chris #2, as the bass parts on the last album had already been written by the time he joined the band. The album is also the first to include political essays in the booklet, which would become a fixture in most of their future albums. Angry, Young and Poor is similar to
17199-503: Was dementia and muscular degeneration. When Woody was 14, Nora was committed to the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane. At the time his father Charles was living and working in Pampa, Texas , to repay debts from unsuccessful real estate deals. Woody and his siblings were on their own in Oklahoma; they relied on their eldest brother Roy for support. The 14-year-old Woody Guthrie worked odd jobs around Okemah, begging meals and sometimes sleeping at
17346-538: Was a Catholic , but she reluctantly agreed in December 1943. Following the conclusion of his work in the Northwest, Guthrie corresponded with Pete Seeger about Seeger's newly formed folk-protest group, the Almanac Singers . Guthrie returned to New York with plans to tour the country as a member of the group. The singers originally worked out of a loft in New York City hosting regular concerts called " hootenannies ",
17493-475: Was a conservative Democratic candidate for office in the county. Charles Guthrie was reportedly involved in the 1911 lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson . (Woody Guthrie wrote three songs about the event in the 1960s. He said that his father, Charles, became a member of the Ku Klux Klan during its revival beginning in 1915. ) Three significant fires occurred during Guthrie's early life. In 1909, one fire caused
17640-442: Was a writer who lived in very political times." With the outbreak of World War II and publicity about the non-aggression pact the Soviet Union had signed with Germany in 1939, the owners of KFVD radio did not want its staff "spinning apologia" for the Soviet Union. They fired both Robbin and Guthrie. Without the daily radio show, Guthrie's employment chances declined, and he returned with his family to Pampa, Texas. Although Mary
17787-418: Was also extradited to the United States, but charges against him related to the reservation shootout were dropped.) One of the documents relied on in Peltier's extradition was an affidavit signed by Myrtle Poor Bear, a Native American woman local to the area near Pine Ridge Reservation. While Poor Bear stated that she was Peltier's girlfriend during that time and had watched the killings, Peltier and others at
17934-482: Was announced that President Barack Obama denied Peltier's application for clemency . At the time of the shootout, Peltier was an active member of AIM, an Indigenous rights advocacy group that worked to combat the racism and police brutality experienced by Native Americans. Peltier ran for president of the United States in 2004, winning the nomination of the Peace and Freedom Party , and receiving 27,607 votes, limited to
18081-416: Was assisting Sophie Maslow with her piece Folksay . Based on the folklore and poetry collected by Carl Sandburg , Folksay included the adaptation of some of Guthrie's Dust Bowl Ballads for the dance. Guthrie continued to write songs and began work on his autobiography. The end product, Bound for Glory , was completed with editing assistance by Mazia and was first published by E.P. Dutton in 1943. It
18228-475: Was begging for his life, but I shot him anyway." Bernie Nichols-Lafferty gave the same account of Peltier's statement. At the time, all were fleeing law enforcement after the Pine Ridge shootout. Earlier in 1975, AIM member Douglass Durham had been revealed to be an undercover FBI agent and dismissed from the organization. AIM leaders were fearful of infiltration. Other witnesses have testified that, when Aquash
18375-529: Was considering granting Peltier clemency . Opponents of Peltier campaigned against his possible clemency; about 500 FBI agents and families protested outside the White House , and FBI director Louis Freeh sent a letter opposing Peltier's clemency to the White House. Clinton did not grant Peltier clemency. In 2002, Peltier filed a civil rights lawsuit in the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia against
18522-475: Was convicted and sentenced to two consecutive life sentences. Some organizations have raised doubts about Peltier's guilt and the fairness of his trial, based on alleged inconsistencies in the FBI and prosecution's handling of the case. Two witnesses in the initial trial recanted their statements and stated they were made under duress at the hands of the FBI. At least one witness was given immunity from prosecution in exchange for testimony against Peltier. During
18669-496: Was desperately trying to get Americanized, I think a figure like Woody was of great, great importance," a friend of the group, Irwin Silber , would say. Woody routinely emphasized his working-class image, rejected songs he felt were not in the country blues vein he was familiar with, and rarely contributed to household chores. House member Agnes "Sis" Cunningham , another Okie, would later recall that Woody "loved people to think of him as
18816-421: Was flattered. Dylan learned from me the same way I learned from Woody. Woody didn't teach me. He just said, If you want to learn something, just steal it—that's the way I learned from Lead Belly ." By the late 1940s, Guthrie's health was declining, and his behavior was becoming extremely erratic. He received various diagnoses (including alcoholism and schizophrenia ). In 1952, it was finally determined that he
18963-399: Was found wearing Coler's FBI jacket after he was shot and killed by a BIA agent later that day. At least three men were arrested in connection with the shooting: Peltier, Robert Robideau, and Darrelle "Dino" Butler, all AIM members who were present at the Jumping Bull compound at the time of the shootings. Leonard Peltier provided numerous alibis to several people about his activities on
19110-453: Was happy to return to Texas, Guthrie preferred to accept Will Geer's invitation to New York City and headed east. Arriving in New York, Guthrie, known as "the Oklahoma cowboy", was embraced by its folk music community. For a time, he slept on a couch in Will Geer 's apartment. Guthrie made his first recordings—several hours of conversation and songs recorded by the folklorist Alan Lomax for
19257-432: Was impressed with a song Guthrie wrote about political activist Thomas Mooney , wrongly convicted in a case that was a cause célèbre of the time. Robbin, who became Guthrie's political mentor, introduced Guthrie to socialists and Communists in Southern California, including Will Geer. (He introduced Guthrie to writer John Steinbeck.) Robbin remained Guthrie's lifelong friend, and helped Guthrie book benefit performances in
19404-446: Was inspired to write the song after watching Ralph Nader speak on C-SPAN . A part of Nader's speech would be included in the track. The song also features Chris using screaming vocals, which would also be a feature in future Anti-Flag songs. A Start is similar to The Panama Deception, and accuses schools of taking away students' creativity and individuality, and for not teaching about important historical events. Until It Happens to You
19551-458: Was not completed until 1949 (see below). At the conclusion of the month in Oregon and Washington, Guthrie wanted to return to New York. Tired of the continual uprooting, Mary Guthrie told him to go without her and the children. Although Guthrie would see Mary again, once on a tour through Los Angeles with the Almanac Singers, it was essentially the end of their marriage. Divorce was difficult, since Mary
19698-467: Was one of the most significant figures in American folk music . His work focused on themes of American socialism and anti-fascism . He inspired several generations both politically and musically with songs such as " This Land Is Your Land ". Guthrie wrote hundreds of country , folk , and children's songs, along with ballads and improvised works. Dust Bowl Ballads , Guthrie's album of songs about
19845-424: Was paid $ 180 a week, an impressive salary in 1940. He was finally making enough money to send regular payments back to Mary. He also brought her and the children to New York, where the family lived briefly in an apartment on Central Park West . The reunion represented Woody's desire to be a better father and husband. He said, "I have to set [ sic ] real hard to think of being a dad." Guthrie quit after
19992-645: Was raised among the Turtle Mountain Chippewa and Fort Totten Sioux Nations of North Dakota . Peltier was born on September 12, 1944, at the Turtle Mountain Indian Reservation of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa near Belcourt, North Dakota , in a family of 13 children. Peltier's parents divorced when he was four years old. Leonard and his sister Betty Ann lived with their paternal grandparents Alex and Mary Dubois-Peltier in
20139-410: Was sent by Peltier's attorney to the White House. On February 6, 2023, Leonard Peltier again made a plea for clemency. On June 10, 2024, Peltier had his first parole hearing since 2009, with a decision on parole being required to come within 21 days. On July 2, 2024, Peltier was denied parole. After Peltier was denied parole, his lawyer Kevin Sharp stated that an interim hearing to discuss parole
20286-418: Was set in 2026, while another full hearing was set for 2039. Ahead of the 2024 parole hearing, Sharp described the hearing as "probably" Peltier's "last chance" to make a case for parole. In the documentary film Incident at Oglala (1992), AIM activist Robert Robideau said that the FBI agents had been shot by a 'Mr X'. When Peltier was interviewed about 'Mr X', he said he knew who the man was. Dino Butler, in
20433-437: Was shot dead by a guard outside the prison and another was captured 90 minutes later, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) away. Peltier remained at large until he was captured by a search party three days later near Santa Maria, California , after a farmer alerted authorities that Peltier, armed with a Ruger Mini-14 rifle, had consumed some of his crops and stolen his shoes, wallet, and pickup truck key. Peltier attempted to drive
20580-529: Was suffering from Huntington's disease , a genetic disorder inherited from his mother. Believing him to be a danger to their children because of his behavior, Marjorie suggested he return to California without her. They eventually divorced. Upon his return to California, Guthrie lived at the Theatricum Botanicum , a summer-stock type theatre founded and owned by Will Geer . Together with singers and actors who had been blacklisted by HUAC , he waited out
20727-442: Was suspected of being an informant, Peltier interrogated her while holding a gun to her head. Peltier and David Hill were said to have Aquash participate in bomb-making so that her fingerprints would be on the bombs. Prosecutors alleged in court documents that the trio planted these bombs at two power plants on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation on Columbus Day 1975. During the trial, Nichols acknowledged receiving $ 42,000 from
20874-422: Was the first to respond to Williams' call for assistance from twelve miles away. But he and the other responding BIA officers also came under gunfire. They were unable to reach Coler and Williams in time, as both agents died within the first ten minutes of gunfire. It wasn't until about 4:25 p.m. that authorities were able to recover the bodies of Williams and Coler from Coler's vehicle. Norman Charles fired at
21021-468: Was the overplaying of Irving Berlin 's " God Bless America " on the radio. Guthrie was married three times and fathered eight children. His son Arlo Guthrie became nationally known as a musician. Guthrie died in 1967 from complications of Huntington's disease . His first two daughters also died of the disease. Guthrie was born July 14, 1912, in Okemah , a small town in Okfuskee County, Oklahoma ,
21168-625: Was tried and convicted of the murder of Aquash. In Looking Cloud's trial, the prosecution argued that AIM's suspicion of Aquash stemmed from her having heard Peltier admit to the murders of the FBI agents. Darlene "Kamook" Nichols , former wife of the AIM leader Dennis Banks, testified that in late 1975, Peltier told of shooting the FBI agents. He was talking to a small group of AIM activists who were fugitives from law enforcement. They included Nichols, her sister Bernie Nichols (later Lafferty), Nichols' husband Dennis Banks, and Aquash, among several others. Nichols testified that Peltier said, "The motherfucker
21315-431: Was unable to speak, often moving his arms or rolling his eyes to communicate. The progression of Huntington's threw Guthrie into extreme emotional states, causing him to lash out at those nearby and to damage a prized book collection of Anneke's. Huntington's symptoms include uncharacteristic aggression, emotional volatility, and social disinhibition. Leonard Peltier Leonard Peltier (born September 12, 1944)
21462-505: Was written back in 1998 and performed while the band was on tour in Canada, when Jamie Towns was still playing in the band. Justin dedicated the song to "political prisoners like Leonard Peltier and Mumia Abu-Jamal ". All tracks are written by Justin Sane except as noted Angry, Young and Poor, This Machine Kills Fascists, Underground Network, and Spaz's House Destruction Party would be included in
21609-402: Was young, Guthrie wrote and recorded Songs to Grow on for Mother and Child , a collection of children's music , which includes the song "Goodnight Little Arlo (Goodnight Little Darlin')", written when Arlo was about nine years old. During 1947, he wrote House of Earth , an historical novel containing explicit sexual material, about a couple who build a house made of clay and earth to withstand
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