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52-519: The origins of the club lie in the monthly Ultraworld parties on the grounds of an alternative cultural center in Munich's Oberföhring borough, which was called Kulturstation and often also hosted punk concerts. The techno club nights were inspired by the nascent techno scene in Berlin and especially the clubs Tresor and Planet at that time. Because of the popularity of the parties and the lack of ventilation,

104-562: A distorted and radically dissonant image. Another representative piece, Joan Jonas ' Vertical Roll , involved recording previously-recorded material of Jonas dancing while playing the videos back on a television, resulting in a layered and complex representation of mediation. Much video art in the United States was produced out of New York City, with The Kitchen , founded in 1972 by Steina and Woody Vasulka (and assisted by video director Dimitri Devyatkin and Shridhar Bapat ), serving as

156-516: A great view across the city. Oberföhring became part of Munich on 1 July 1913. St. Emmeram is located on the river Isar and is a lush enclave of green. It is named after the St. Emmeram Chapel , which in turn is named after Otloh of St. Emmeram . Johanneskirchen is located east of the S8 train line. The district mostly consists of detached and semi-detached houses and has retained some of its rural character. It

208-500: A medium can also be combined with other forms of artistic expression such as Performance art . This combination can also be referred to as "media and performance art" when artists "break the mold of video and film and broaden the boundaries of art". With increased ability for artists to obtain video cameras, performance art started being documented and shared across large amounts of audiences. Artists such as Marina Abramovic and Ulay experimented with video taping their performances in

260-499: A mirroring effect for many members of the audience who were doing the same thing. Export believed the television could complicate the relationship between subject, spectator, and television. In the United Kingdom David Hall 's "TV Interruptions" (1971) were transmitted intentionally unannounced and uncredited on Scottish TV, the first artist interventions on British television. As the prices of editing software decreased,

312-472: A new generation of artists for whom the arrival of lighter equipment such as Handycams favored a more direct expression. Artists such as Pipilotti Rist , Tony Oursler , Carsten Höller , Cheryl Donegan, Nelson Sullivan were able, as others in the 1960s, to leave their studios easily to film by hand without sophistication, sometimes mixing found images with their own ( Douglas Gordon , Pierre Bismuth , Sylvie Fleury , Johan Grimonprez, Claude Closky ) and using

364-606: A nexus for many young artists. An early multi-channel video art work (using several monitors or screens) was Wipe Cycle by Ira Schneider and Frank Gillette . Wipe Cycle was first exhibited at the Howard Wise Gallery in New York in 1969 as part of an exhibition titled "TV as a Creative Medium". An installation of nine television screens, Wipe Cycle combined live images of gallery visitors, found footage from commercial television, and shots from pre-recorded tapes. The material

416-469: A present but simple post-production. The presentation of the works was also simplified with the arrival of monitors in the exhibition rooms and distribution in VHS . The arrival of this younger generation announced the feminist and gender issues to come, but also the increasingly hybrid use of different media (transferred super 8 films, 16mm, digital editing, TV show excerpts, sounds from different sources, etc). At

468-603: A third of the works presented at Art Unlimited (the section of Art Basel dedicated to large-scale works) were video installations between 2000 and 2015. The same is true for most biennials. A new generation of artists such as Pipilotti Rist , Francis Alys , Kim Sooja , Apichatpong Weerasethakul , Omer Fast , David Claerbout , Sarah Morris , Matthew Barney , were presented alongside the previous generations ( Roman Signer , Bruce Nauman , Bill Viola , Joan Jonas , John Baldessari ). Some artists have also widened their audience by making movies ( Apichatpong Weerasethakul who won

520-566: A warehouse club. The main floor was known for the cold clanking sound, as well as for the wooden floor which was vibrating strongly due to the basses. Due to its decoration with green flokati , the second floor became known as the Green Room . Since 1998 this room served as a home base for the popular Flokati House Club , which was initiated by Tobi Neumann and in the 2000s moved on to the Harry Klein Club when Ultraschall closed. On Saturdays,

572-471: Is a 68 minute long interpretation of the cold war and the role of terrorists, made almost exclusively with original television and film excerpts on hijacking. More generally, during the first decade, one of the most significant steps in the video art domain, was achieved with its strong presence in contemporary art exhibitions at the international level. During this period, it was common to see artist videos in group shows, on monitors or as projections. More than

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624-490: Is a quiet, secretive and highly exclusive residential area north of Alt-Bogenhausen, enclosed between the river Isar to the west and the Isarhochufer (lit. Isar cliff line). It is considered the most expensive and classy of Munich's numerous upscale residential districts, being the preferred living environment of the more reclusive commercial and political elite of the city (in contrast to film and sports stars, who either prefer

676-502: Is an anchor” (2004) she lets her foot dry in cement before attempting to break free on camera. Gilmore has said to have mimicked expression styles from the 1960s and 1970s with inspirations like Marina Abramovic as she adds extremism and struggle to her work. Some artists experimented with space when combining Video art and Performance art. Ragnar Kjartannson , an Icelandic artist, filmed an entire music video with 9 different artists, including himself, being filmed in different rooms. All

728-469: Is named for the original analog video tape , which was the most commonly used recording technology in much of the form's history into the 1990s. With the advent of digital recording equipment, many artists began to explore digital technology as a new way of expression. One of the key differences between video art and theatrical cinema is that video art does not necessarily rely on many of the conventions that define theatrical cinema. Video art may not employ

780-428: Is often said to have begun when Paik used his new Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VI 's procession through New York City in the autumn of 1965 Later that same day, across town in a Greenwich Village cafe, Paik played the tapes and video art was born. Prior to the introduction of consumer video equipment, moving image production was only available non-commercially via 8mm film and 16mm film . After

832-583: Is serviced by the [REDACTED] at the Johanneskirchen S-Bahn station . The Bogenhausen borough also includes Arabellapark, Cosimapark, and Johanneskirchen to the north and north-east, as well as Englschalking , Denning , Zamdorf and Daglfing to the east. Especially Denning and Englschalking have developed into very idyllic and affluent suburban residential districts, making them extremely popular with well-off families who increasingly build new houses and villas there. Parts of Englschalking and almost

884-509: Is serviced by the tram lines 16 and 18 as well as the bus lines 54, 154, 100, 187, 188 and 189. The nearest Munich U-Bahn stations are Prinzregentenplatz to the south-east and Böhmerwaldplatz and Richard-Strauss-Straße to the east. Many well known and wealthy Persons and families have houses in Alt-Bogenhausen for example Käfers (Feinkost Käfer), Sedelmayrs , Burdas , Samwers , Quanndts , Strauss and Roland Berger . Herzogpark

936-646: Is the geographically largest borough of Munich and comprises the city's north-eastern quarter, reaching from the Isar on the eastern side of the Englischer Garten to the city limits, bordering on Unterföhring to the north, Aschheim to the east and the Haidhausen borough to the south. Alt-Bogenhausen is the oldest part of Bogenhausen and is located between the river Isar to the west, the Prinzregentenstraße to

988-705: Is widely regarded as a pioneer in video art. In March 1963 Nam June Paik showed at the Galerie Parnass in Wuppertal the Exposition of Music – Electronic Television . In May 1963 Wolf Vostell showed the installation 6 TV Dé-coll/age at the Smolin Gallery in New York and created the video Sun in your head in Cologne. Originally Sun in your head was made on 16mm film and transferred 1967 to videotape. Video art

1040-588: The Isarring highway, part of the Mittlerer Ring road system, divides the district into a northern and a southern part, leading to complaints by neighbours due to extensive car noise. The district is serviced by the bus line 187. Priel and Oberföhring are two residential quarters north of Alt-Bogenhausen and up the slope from Herzogpark, straddling Oberföhringer Straße , the districts' main traffic artery. The housing mostly consists of apartment buildings, affording

1092-578: The 2010 Cannes Film Festival "Palm d'or") or by curating large public events ( Pipilotti Rist 's Swiss National Expo02 In 2003, Kalup Linzy created Conversations Wit De Churen II: All My Churen , a soap opera satire that has been credited as creating the video and performance sub-genre Although Linzy's work is genre defying his work has been a major contribution to the medium. Ryan Trecartin , an experimental young video-artist, uses color, editing techniques and bizarre acting to portray what The New Yorker calls "a cultural watershed". Video art as

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1144-903: The Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris, the Museum Ludwig in Cologne and the Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine (center for contemporary images) in Geneva. By the end of the century, institutions and artists worked on the expanding spectrum of the media, 3d imagery, interactivity, cd-roms, Internet, digital post production etc. Different themes emerged such as interactivity and nonlinearity. Some artists combined physical and digital techniques, such as Jeffrey Shaw 's "Legible City" (1988–91). Others by using Low-Tech interactivity such as Claude Closky 's online "+1" or "Do you want Love or Lust" in 1996 coproduced by

1196-561: The Dia Art Foundation . But these steps start to move away from the so called video art towards the New media art and Internet art . As the available amount of footage and the editing techniques evolved, some artists have also produced complex narrative videos without using any of their own footage: Marco Brambilla 's Civilization (2008) is a collage, or a "video mural" that portrays heaven and hell. Johan Grimonprez 's Dial H-I-S-T-O-R-Y

1248-755: The World Wide Video festival in The Hague, the Biennale de l'Image in Geneva or Ars Electronica in Linz developed and underlined the importance of creation in this field. From the beginning of the 90's, contemporary art exhibitions integrate artists' videos among other works and installations. This is the case of the Venice Biennale (Aperto 93) and of NowHere at the Louisiana Museum , but also of art galleries where

1300-435: The 1970s and the 1980s. In a piece titled “Rest energy” (1980) both Ulay and Marina suspended their weight so that they pulled back a bow and arrow aimed at her heart, Ulay held the arrow, and Marina the bow. The piece was 4:10 which Marina described as being “a performance about complete and total trust”. Other artists who combined Video art with Performance art used the camera as the audience. Kate Gilmore experimented with

1352-410: The 60's and 70's right up to newly built offerings, older and newer detached and semi-detached houses, villas, and quite a few authentic farm houses that survived modern developments. Additionally, multitudes of parks and playgrounds dot the whole area. Video art Video art is an art form which relies on using video technology as a visual and audio medium. Video art emerged during

1404-739: The Portapak's introduction and its subsequent update every few years, many artists began exploring the new technology. Many of the early prominent video artists were those involved with concurrent movements in conceptual art, performance, and experimental film. These include Americans Vito Acconci , Valie Export , John Baldessari , Peter Campus , Doris Totten Chase , Maureen Connor , Norman Cowie , Dimitri Devyatkin , Frank Gillette , Dan Graham , Gary Hill , Joan Jonas , Bruce Nauman , Nam June Paik , Bill Viola , Shigeko Kubota , Martha Rosler , William Wegman , and many others. There were also those such as Steina and Woody Vasulka who were interested in

1456-628: The Riem airport now moved to the Kunstpark Ost , a former factory site of 90.000 m close to the Ostbahnhof train station in Munich's Berg am Laim district. Ultraschall was re-opened there by Michi Kern and colleagues in the former potato drying facility of the Pfanni factory on 13 September 1996. The new premises were much larger than the first Ultraschall and allowed to establish two dance floors. The main floor

1508-538: The Stadtbezirk are a relatively newly developed mixture of commercial and residential areas. Even Arabellapark, which became Munich's first true cluster of high-rise buildings in the 80's, and Cosimapark, a post-World War II housing estate, were predominantly green fields until the 60's, but have been rapidly developed since then. You can find a mixture of offices, restaurants, shops, sports facilities and schools there, alternating with typical German apartment buildings from

1560-502: The access the general public had to utilize these technologies increased. Video editing software became so readily available that it changed the way artists worked with the medium. Simulteanously, with the arrival of independent televisions in Europe and the emergence of video clips, artists also used the potential of special effects, high quality images and sophisticated editing ( Gary Hill , Bill Viola ). Festivals dedicated to video art such as

1612-502: The artists could hear each other through a pair of headphones so that they could play the song together, the piece was titled "The visitors" (2012). Some artists, such as Jaki Irvine and Victoria Fu have experimented with combining 16 mm film , 8 mm film and video to make use of the potential discontinuity between moving image, musical score and narrator to undermine any sense of linear narrative. Since 2000, video arts programs have begun to emerge among colleges and universities as

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1664-678: The best decorated venues of all time. When the Kunstpark Ost party areal had to close on 31 January 2003, Ultraschall had to close as well. DJs and live acts who played at Ultraschall include international acts such Jeff Mills , Underground Resistance , Carl Craig , Miss Kittin , The Hacker , Blake Baxter , Robert Hood , Anthony Rother , Joey Beltram , Umek , Chris Korda , Chicks on Speed , I-F , Adam Beyer , Cari Lekebusch , Marco Carola , Ian Pooley , Cristian Vogel , John Tejada , The Advent , Jay Denham , Green Velvet , Anthony Shakir , DJ Tanith , Robert Görl , Johannes Heil, Electric Indigo , among many others. The club also launched

1716-450: The careers of many of its residents, some of which became important representatives of the German techno scene themselves. Famous resident DJs of Ultraschall include DJ Hell , Monika Kruse , Richard Bartz , Acid Maria and Tobi Neumann . Ultraschall and Munich-based techno labels such as International DeeJay Gigolo Records , Disko B and Kurbel Records formed a close network, and the club

1768-450: The factory building was demolished in January 2016, in order to create space for the planned Werksviertel working and residential district. DE-BY_type:landmark 48°7′24″N 11°36′30″E  /  48.12333°N 11.60833°E  / 48.12333; 11.60833 Oberf%C3%B6hring Bogenhausen ( Central Bavarian : Bognhausn ) is the 13th borough of Munich , Germany . It

1820-505: The formal qualities of video and employed video synthesizers to create abstract works. Kate Craig , Vera Frenkel and Michael Snow were important to the development of video art in Canada. Much video art in the medium's heyday experimented formally with the limitations of the video format. For example, American artist Peter Campus ' Double Vision combined the video signals from two Sony Portapaks through an electronic mixer, resulting in

1872-563: The green room served as the chill out for the Main Floor , which provided space for 1,500 people and where international acts such as Jeff Mills , Carl Craig , Jay Denham or Green Velvet played. Just as the Ultraschall I, its successor put a lot emphasis on decoration, light installations and video art by the Highflyer crew, and both incarnations of the club are considered as being some of

1924-483: The late 1960s as new consumer video technology such as video tape recorders became available outside corporate broadcasting. Video art can take many forms: recordings that are broadcast ; installations viewed in galleries or museums; works either streamed online, or distributed as video tapes , or on DVDs ; and performances which may incorporate one or more television sets , video monitors , and projections, displaying live or recorded images and sounds. Video art

1976-464: The more urban districts of the inner city or the suburb of Grünwald ). The whole area lies hidden between lush vegetation at the foot of the Isarhochufer, making it practically invisible from the outside - even from surrounding vantage points. The housing mostly consists of early-20th century villas as well as modern villas, built after World War II . While most of the district is free of car traffic,

2028-570: The much smaller Harry Klein Club , which can be seen as a successor of the Green Room , and became one of the world's most popular clubs as well. The other part of the Ultraschall crew opened the club Rote Sonne , which reminds of the Ultraworld and also became one of Europe's most popular techno clubs. In the 2010s, the Nox Club was the last venue that resided in the former bar area of the Ultraschall, before

2080-552: The music had to be interrupted every two hours and to open the windows in order to supply sufficient oxygen. On 17 June 1994 the first Ultraschall club was opened by Peter Wacha, David Süss and Dorothea Zenker in the former canteen kitchen of the recently decommissioned Munich-Riem Airport . The club is considered to be the first pure techno club in Munich, after earlier clubs in the city also had other music genres in their program besides techno (such as Parkcafé , Nachtwerk , Pulverturm , Tanzlokal Größenwahn or Babalu Club ). At

2132-447: The opening gig, Jeff Mills still played in front of only 120 paying guests and decided not to charge anything, but a few months later the club took off and became a grand success. A special feature of the club was that it was completely coated with white ceramic tiles. Moreover, large parts of the club were fitted out with spaceship decorations taken from the science fiction movie The High Crusade . With such avant-garde decorations, and

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2184-590: The overall concept of an "world of experience", where beyond the music also light installations and video art played an important role, Ultraschall achieved international fame. The crew members and resident DJs of the club included DJ Hell , Monika Kruse , Richard Bartz and Acid Maria . There was no headliner at Ultraschall; no one told the DJs who had to play when and for how long, they had to decide among themselves. The parties at Ultraschall were notorious for being experimental and wild. According to Monika Kruse "one day

2236-409: The positioning of the camera. In her video “Anything” (2006) she films her performance piece as she is constantly trying the reach the camera which is staring down at her. As the 13-minute video goes on, she continues to tie together pieces of furniture while constantly attempting to reach the camera. Gilmore added an element of struggle to her art which is sometimes self-imposed, in her video “My love

2288-616: The same time, museums and institutions more specialized in video art were integrating digital technology, such as the ZKM in Karlsruhe, directed by Peter Weibel , with numerous thematic exhibitions, or the Centre pour l'Image Contemporaine with its biennial Version (1994-2004) directed by Simon Lamunière . With the arrival of digital technology and the Internet, some museums have federated their databases such as http://www.newmedia-art.org/ produced by

2340-505: The south and the Mittlerer Ring to the east and north. Alt-Bogenhausen is one of Munich's most desirable residential districts and has some of the highest quality housing in town which comes with the highest rental prices in Germany. The borough's main artery is Ismaninger Straße , connecting Prinzregentenstraße to the south with Mittlerer Ring in the north at Effnerplatz . The district

2392-414: The use of actors , may contain no dialogue , may have no discernible narrative or plot , and may not adhere to any of the other conventions that generally define motion pictures as entertainment. This distinction also distinguishes video art from cinema's subcategories such as avant garde cinema, short films , or experimental film . Nam June Paik , a Korean-American artist who studied in Germany,

2444-399: The whole dancefloor was arranged as a giant bed. People came around to consume mushrooms, or just brought along their bongs with them. They all lied on the floor and chatted". As the area of the former Munich Airport was needed for the planned new borough Messestadt Riem , the Ultraschall I and all other clubs and halls on the compound had to close in summer 1996. The complete party area of

2496-508: The whole of Daglfing (which lies just outside Munich's official city limits, bordering Denning and Zamdorf), have retained a distinctive rural character, still featuring old farm buildings and fields. The contrast between these rural and the more modern suburban areas becomes apparent as soon as one crosses the Munich S-Bahn rails of Line [REDACTED] , which practically coincides with Munich's eastern border in this area. The other parts of

2548-722: Was alternated from one monitor to the next in an elaborate choreography. On the West coast, the San Jose State television studios in 1970, Willoughby Sharp began the "Videoviews" series of videotaped dialogues with artists. The "Videoviews" series consists of Sharps' dialogues with Bruce Nauman (1970), Joseph Beuys (1972), Vito Acconci (1973), Chris Burden (1973), Lowell Darling (1974), and Dennis Oppenheim (1974). Also in 1970, Sharp curated "Body Works", an exhibition of video works by Vito Acconci , Terry Fox , Richard Serra , Keith Sonnier , Dennis Oppenheim and William Wegman which

2600-406: Was located in the factory's former swimming pool for washing potatoes and, as with the first Ultraschall club, was completely lined with white ceramic tiles and divided by columns. The floor tiles were later covered by a wooden floor. The space, characterized by simple geometric shapes, had the ambience of an industrial production site, but due to its strong angularity it did not have the atmosphere of

2652-483: Was presented at Tom Marioni's Museum of Conceptual Art , San Francisco, California. In Europe, Valie Export 's groundbreaking video piece, "Facing a Family" (1971) was one of the first instances of television intervention and broadcasting video art. The video, originally broadcast on the Austrian television program "Kontakte" February 2, 1971,[11] shows a bourgeois Austrian family watching TV while eating dinner, creating

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2704-519: Was used as a test platform for all new records of these labels. Further the club was used by the labels to get to know and enlist guest DJs, such as for example Blake Baxter , I-F or Abe Duque . In the converted halls of the Ultraschall II main floor, on 12 March 2005 the Octagon club opened, after a club called Phosphor had tried a fresh start there in 2004. One part of the Ultraschall crew opened

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