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29-752: (Redirected from Ugolnoye ) For the airport in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia, see Ugolny Airport . Ugolny ( Russian : Угольный ; masculine), Ugolnaya ( Угольная ; feminine), or Ugolnoye ( Угольное ; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia . Modern localities [ edit ] Ugolny (rural locality) , a settlement in Tyulkovsky Selsoviet of Balakhtinsky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai Ugolnoye, Amur Oblast ,

58-813: A selo under the administrative jurisdiction of Raychikhinsk Urban Okrug in Amur Oblast Ugolnoye, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast , a village in Bolsheokulovsky Selsoviet of Navashinsky District in Nizhny Novgorod Oblast ; 55°37′N 42°10′E  /  55.617°N 42.167°E  / 55.617; 42.167 Ugolnoye, Orenburg Oblast , a selo in Ugolny Selsoviet of Sol-Iletsky District in Orenburg Oblast Ugolnoye, Oryol Oblast (also Ugolny , Ugolnaya ),

87-714: A village in Alarsky District of Irkutsk Oblast Ugolnaya, Bokhansky District, Irkutsk Oblast , a village in Bokhansky District of Irkutsk Oblast Alternative names [ edit ] Ugolny (Ugolnoye), alternative names of Bylym , a selo in Elbrussky District of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic ; 43°27′N 43°3′E  /  43.450°N 43.050°E  / 43.450; 43.050 [REDACTED] Index of articles associated with

116-844: A village in Rechitsky Selsoviet of Livensky District in Oryol Oblast ; 52°27′N 37°20′E  /  52.450°N 37.333°E  / 52.450; 37.333 Ugolnoye, Sakha Republic , a selo in Ugolninsky Rural Okrug of Verkhnekolymsky District in the Sakha Republic Ugolnoye, Tula Oblast , a village in Chentsovskaya Rural Administration of Odoyevsky District in Tula Oblast Ugolnaya, Alarsky District, Irkutsk Oblast ,

145-504: A whole is Luoravetlan (literally 'genuine person'). The anthropologist Marshall Sahlins called the Chukchi "tribes without rulers". They often lacked formal political structures, but had a formal cosmic hierarchy. In Chukchi religion, every object, whether animate or inanimate, is assigned a spirit. This spirit can be either harmful or benevolent. Some of Chukchi myths reveal a dualistic cosmology . A Chukchi shaman once explained to

174-577: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Ugolny Airport In May 2019, the airport was named in honor of the Chukchi writer Yuri Rytkheu . The Soviet-built Ilyushin Il-62 was a workhorse of the route from Moscow Domodedovo Airport to Anadyr for many decades. There is occasional charter aircraft service from Nome, Alaska , to Anadyr. Anadyr was featured in the American novel Flight of

203-772: The Abkhazian ASSR of the Georgian SSR , while the 529th transferred to Gudauta. The interceptor regiment was disbanded in 1993. Fighter aircraft are no longer based permanently at Anadyr, and the region was overflown daily by foreign aircraft on the Asian polar route before the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Temporary military deployments are common, however. In 2001, the airfield was visited by Tupolev Tu-95 MS and Ilyushin Il-78 aircraft on exercise from Engels air base . In 2014, Russia announced plans to deploy MiG-31 interceptors at

232-613: The Cossacks and the Chukchi. As the annual trade fairs where goods were exchanged continued, a common language between the two peoples was spoken. The natives, however, never paid yasak , or tributes, and their status as subjects was little more than a formality. The formal annexation of the Chukotka Peninsula did not happen until much later, during the time of the Soviet Union. Apart from four Orthodox schools, there were no schools in

261-689: The Koryaks . Russians first began contacting the Chukchi when they reached the Kolyma River (1643) and the Anadyr River (1649). The route from Nizhnekolymsk to the fort at Anadyrsk along the southwest of the main Chukchi area became a major trade route. The overland journey from Yakutsk to Anadyrsk took about six months. The Chukchi were generally ignored for the next fifty years because they were warlike and did not provide furs or other valuable commodities to tax. Armed skirmishes flared up around 1700 when

290-751: The Okhotsk Sea . According to several studies on genomic research conducted from 2014 to 2018, the Chukchi are the closest Asian relatives of the indigenous peoples of the Americas as well as of the Ainu people , being the descendants of settlers who neither crossed the Bering Strait nor settled the Japanese archipelago. The majority of Chukchi reside within Chukotka Autonomous Okrug , but some also reside in

319-466: The Reindeer Chukchi , who lived as nomads in the inland tundra region, migrating seasonally with their herds of reindeer . The Russian name "Chukchi" is derived from the Chukchi word Chauchu ("rich in reindeer"), which was used by the 'Reindeer Chukchi' to distinguish themselves from the 'Maritime Chukchi,' called Anqallyt ("the sea people"). Their name for a member of the Chukchi ethnic group as

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348-405: The ethnographer Vladimir Bogoraz that "The lamp walks around. The walls of the house have voices of their own. ... Even the shadows on the wall constitute definite tribes and have their own country, where they live in huts and subsist by hunting." After the collapse of the Soviet Union , the state-run farms were reorganized and nominally privatized. This process was ultimately destructive to

377-604: The 83rd Separate Missile Regiment of the Strategic Missile Forces , which targeted American military installations in Alaska, was located 13 km (8 miles) northeast of Ugolny airfield from 1962 to 1969. In September 1982, the Yak-28s were replaced with 20 Sukhoi Su-15TM (Flagon) as part of a force upgrade. The Su-15 were flown by the 171st Fighter Aviation Regiment which was transferred from Bombora airfield, Gudauta , in

406-472: The Chukchi land until the late 1920s. In 1926, there were 72 literate Chukchis. The Soviets introduced a Latin alphabet in 1932 to transcribe their language, replacing it with Cyrillic in 1937. In 1934, 71% of the Chukchis were nomadic . In 1941, 90% of the reindeer were still privately owned. So-called kulaks roamed with their private herds up into the 1950s. After 1990 and the fall of the Soviet Union, there

435-516: The Old Dog . In 2018, 102,806 passengers passed through this airport. On 3 January 2020, United States pilot Matt Guthmiller posted a video of his experience entering the Chukotka Autonomous region and landing at DYR without the correct documentation. Owing to its geographic location, its long, concrete-reinforced, heavy load-bearing runway, as well as its modern terminal with jet bridges ,

464-697: The Russian Empire, began to trade peacefully with the Russians. From 1788, they participated in an annual trade fair on the lower Kolyma. Another was established in 1775 on the Angarka, a tributary of the Bolshoy Anyuy River . This trade declined in the late 19th century when American whalers and others began landing goods on the coast. The first Orthodox missionaries entered Chukchi territory some time after 1815. The strategy worked, trade began to flourish between

493-693: The Russians began operating in the Kamchatka Peninsula and needed to protect their communications from the Chukchi and Koryak . The first attempt to conquer them was made in 1701. Other expeditions were sent out in 1708, 1709 and 1711 with considerable bloodshed but little success and unable to eliminate the local population on the large territory. War was renewed in 1729, when the Chukchi defeated an expedition from Okhotsk and killed its commander. Command passed to Major Dmitry Pavlutsky , who adopted very destructive tactics , burning, driving off reindeer, killing men and capturing women and children. In 1742,

522-530: The addition of sea mammal hunting and walrus ivory carving in the coastal areas. Chukchi were educated in Soviet schools and today are almost 100% literate and fluent in the Russian language. Only a portion of them today work directly in reindeer herding or sea mammal hunting , and continue to live a nomadic lifestyle in yaranga tents. The warlike Chukchi waged frequent wars against neighboring tribes, especially

551-400: The airport is well-suited and well-situated for emergency diversion at roughly the midpoint of the northern trans-Pacific routes. The airport is located on the opposite site of the Anadyr River from the city. Transport by summer is by boat, by winter by a road on the ice, and for a period in spring and fall, only by helicopter. The helicopter ticket was (in 2015) 3,680 rubles ($ 60). Anadyr

580-627: The airport. Chukchi people The Chukchi , or Chukchee ( Chukot : Ԓыгъоравэтԓьэт, О'равэтԓьэт , Ḷygʺoravètḷʹèt, O'ravètḷʹèt ), are a Siberian ethnic group native to the Chukchi Peninsula , the shores of the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea region of the Arctic Ocean all within modern Russia . They speak the Chukchi language . The Chukchi originated from the people living around

609-462: The government at Saint Petersburg ordered another war in which the Chukchi and Koryak were to be "totally extirpated". The war (1744–7) was conducted with similar brutality and ended when Pavlutsky was killed in March 1747. It is said that the Chukchi kept his head as a trophy for a number of years. The Russians waged war again in the 1750s, but a part of Chukchi people did survive this extermination plans on

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638-543: The neighboring Sakha Republic to the west, Magadan Oblast to the southwest, and Kamchatka Krai to the south. Some Chukchi also reside in other parts of Russia, as well as in Europe and North America . The total number of Chukchi in the world slightly exceeds 16,000. The Chukchi are traditionally divided into the Maritime Chukchi , who had settled homes on the coast and lived primarily from sea mammal hunting, and

667-634: The same name This set index article includes a list of related items that share the same name (or similar names). If an internal link incorrectly led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ugolny&oldid=1252444009 " Category : Set index articles on populated places in Russia Hidden categories: Articles containing Russian-language text Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas Articles with short description Short description

696-546: The traditional lifestyles of the coastal and inland Chukchi. The coastal Chukchi were largely settled fishers and hunters, mainly of sea mammals. The inland Chukchi were partial reindeer herders. Beginning in the 1920s, the Soviets organized the economic activities of both coastal and inland Chukchi and eventually established 28 collectively run, state-owned enterprises in Chukotka. All of these were based on reindeer herding, with

725-469: The very far North East (see on the right a map for population territories during the extermination activity by the Russian Empire). In 1762, with a new ruler , Saint Petersburg adopted a different policy. Maintaining the fort at Anadyrsk had cost some 1,380,000 rubles, but the area had returned only 29,150 rubles in taxes, so the government abandoned Anadyrsk in 1764. The Chukchi, no longer attacked by

754-614: The village-based economy in Chukotka. The region has still not fully recovered. Many rural Chukchi, as well as Russians in Chukotka's villages, have survived in recent years only with the help of direct humanitarian aid. Some Chukchi have attained university degrees, becoming poets, writers, politicians, teachers and doctors. In prehistoric times, the Chukchi engaged in nomadic hunter gatherer modes of existence. In current times, there continue to be some elements of subsistence hunting, including that of polar bears , seals , walruses , whales , and reindeer . There are some differences between

783-496: Was a major exodus of Russians from the area because of the underfunding of the local industry. Population estimates from Forsyth: In the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine since 2022, the Chukchis have been reported as one of Russia's ethnic minority groups suffering from a disproportionally large casualty rate among Russian forces. Chukchi jokes are a form of ethnic humor . They are portrayed as primitive yet clever in

812-463: Was one of nine Arctic staging bases (in Russian, "bounce aerodrome") for long range bombers. The Russian Air Force's OGA (Arctic Control Group) is responsible for upkeep of the facilities. Anadyr has also been a prominent base for Soviet Air Defence Forces due to its close proximity to Alaskan airspace. The 529th Fighter Aviation Regiment PVO, flying the Yakovlev Yak-28P (Firebar) interceptor,

841-401: Was stationed at Anadyr starting in the 1960s, along with S-75 (SA-2) surface-to-air missile installations of the 762nd Anti-Aircraft Missile Regiment. The PVO units were under the control of the 25th Air Defense Division of the 11th Separate Air Defense Army , responsible for air defense on the Chukotka Peninsula. An R-14 Chusovaya (SS-5 Skean) medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) complex of

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