21-653: Ugni is a genus of plants in the myrtle family Myrtaceae , described as a genus in 1848. It is native to western Latin America from the Valdivian temperate rain forests of southern Chile (including the Juan Fernández Islands ) and adjacent regions of southern Argentina , north to southern Mexico . They are shrubs with evergreen foliage, reaching 1–5 m tall. The leaves are opposite, oval, 1–4 cm long and 0.2-2.5 cm broad, entire, glossy dark green, with
42-615: A plan which was immediately rejected by others. Some authors maintain Angophora as a genus, while others continue to debate the issue. Among the eucalypts, Angophora species were nicknamed "apples" by European settlers, who thought they resembled apple trees . Many are still known commonly as apples today. The following is a list species of accepted by the Australian Plant Census as at March 2020: Angophoras are found in coastal Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria from
63-481: A spicy scent if crushed. The flowers are drooping, 1–2 cm diameter with four or five white or pale pink petals and numerous short stamens; the fruit is a small red or purple berry 1 cm diameter. The scientific name derives from the Mapuche Native American name Uñi for U. molinae . The genus was formerly often included in either Myrtus or Eugenia ; it is distinguished from these by
84-490: A toothed margin). The flowers have a base number of five petals, though in several genera, the petals are minute or absent. The stamens are usually very conspicuous, brightly coloured, and numerous. Scientists hypothesize that the family Myrtaceae arose between 60 and 56 million years ago (Mya) during the Paleocene era. Pollen fossils have been sourced to the ancient supercontinent Gondwana . The breakup of Gondwana during
105-404: Is closely related to Corymbia and Eucalyptus , and all three genera are often referred to as "eucalypts". Collectively the eucalypts dominate many Australian ecosystems . Taxonomists have long recognised the relationships between the eucalypt taxa, but have not agreed upon a classification scheme. Some have proposed merging Angophora and Corymbia into genus Eucalyptus as subgenera ,
126-579: The Cretaceous period (145 to 66 Mya) geographically isolated disjunct taxa and allowed for rapid speciation; in particular, genera once considered members of the now-defunct Leptospermoideae alliance are now isolated within Oceania . Generally, experts agree that vicariance is responsible for the differentiation of Myrtaceae taxa, except in the cases of Leptospermum species now located on New Zealand and New Caledonia , islands which may have been submerged at
147-444: The myrtle family , is a family of dicotyledonous plants placed within the order Myrtales . Myrtle , pōhutukawa , bay rum tree , clove , guava , acca (feijoa) , allspice , and eucalyptus are some notable members of this group. All species are woody, contain essential oils , and have flower parts in multiples of four or five. The leaves are evergreen , alternate to mostly opposite, simple, and usually entire (i.e., without
168-672: The Americas, apart from Metrosideros in Chile and Argentina . Genera with fleshy fruits have their greatest concentrations in eastern Australia and Malesia (the Australasian realm ) and the Neotropics . Eucalyptus is a dominant, nearly ubiquitous genus in the more mesic parts of Australia and extends north sporadically to the Philippines . Eucalyptus regnans is the tallest flowering plant in
189-575: The baccate (fleshy) fruits evolved twice from capsular fruits and, as such, the two-subfamily classification does not accurately portray the phylogenetic history of the family. Thus, many workers are now using a recent analysis by Wilson et al. (2001) as a starting point for further analyses of the family. This study pronounced both Leptospermoideae and Myrtoideae invalid, but retained several smaller suballiances shown to be monophyletic through matK analysis. The genera Heteropyxis and Psiloxylon have been separated as separate families by many authors in
210-554: The drooping flowers with stamens shorter than the petals. Ugni molinae ( syn. Myrtus ugni, Eugenia ugni ) is grown as an ornamental plant for its edible berries. Some commercial "strawberry flavouring" is made from this species, not from strawberries . Myrtus ugni fruits are oblate and up to 1.5 cm in diameter with a purplish to deep cranberry color. They are used to make piquant drinks, desserts, jams, and jellies. Myrtaceae About 130; see list Myrtaceae ( / m ə r ˈ t eɪ s i ˌ aɪ , - s iː ˌ iː / ),
231-405: The eastern areas of Australia , but could occur in other neighbouring countries where some Corymbia species are native. Weevils in the tribe Cryptoplini mostly use Myrtaceae as hosts. Their larvae can develop in flower and fruit buds, or in galls (often galls already formed by other insects). Angophora See text Angophora is a genus of nine species of trees and shrubs in
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#1732883811509252-445: The genus Angophora are trees, occasionally shrubs, with rough bark except for A. costata . The juvenile leaves differ from adult leaves in being hairy with raised oil glands . Both juvenile and adult leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, the adult leaves usually glabrous and paler on the lower surface. The flower buds are arranged in groups of three or seven. The flower has four or five small sepals, reduced to small projections on
273-422: The mature seed pods of Corymbia torelliana , resulting in mellitochory as the seeds get stuck onto the corbiculae of the bees and sometimes are successfully disposed of by colony members that remove them. But usually, they get stuck in the hives or near hive entrances instead, hence also making it a minor nuisance for some keepers as they can take up a lot of space. Fortunately, this is only known to occur in
294-600: The myrtle family, Myrtaceae . Endemic to eastern Australia, they differ from other eucalypts in having juvenile and adult leaves arranged in opposite pairs, sepals reduced to projections on the edge of the floral cup , four or five overlapping, more or less round petals , and a papery or thin, woody, often strongly ribbed capsule . Species are found between the Atherton Tableland in Queensland and south through New South Wales to eastern Victoria, Australia. Plants in
315-481: The past as Heteropyxidaceae and Psiloxylaceae. However, Wilson et al. included them in Myrtaceae. These two genera are presently believed to be the earliest arising and surviving lineages of Myrtaceae. The most recent classification recognizes 17 tribes and two subfamilies, Myrtoideae and Psiloxyloideae, based on a phylogenetic analysis of plastid DNA. Many new species are being described annually from throughout
336-461: The range of Myrtaceae. Likewise, new genera are being described nearly yearly. Following Wilson (2011) Subfamily Psiloxyloideae Subfamily Myrtoideae 127 genera are currently accepted: Myrtaceae is foraged by many stingless bees, especially by species such as Melipona bicolor which gather pollen from this plant family. Some Australian species such as Tetragonula hockingsi and T. carbonaria are also known to collect resin from
357-545: The rim of the floral cup. There are four or five more or less round, keeled, overlapping petals and whorls of many creamy white stamens . Unlike in Eucalyptus and Corymbia , the petals and sepals are not fused to form a cap-like operculum . The fruit is a papery or thin, slightly woody, hairy capsule with longitudinal ribs. The genus Angophora was first formally described in 1797 by Antonio José Cavanilles in his book Icones et Descriptiones Plantarum . Angophora
378-420: The time of late Eocene differentiation. Recent estimates suggest the Myrtaceae include about 5,950 species in about 132 genera. The family has a wide distribution in tropical and warm-temperate regions of the world, and is common in many of the world's biodiversity hotspots . Genera with capsular fruits such as Eucalyptus , Corymbia , Angophora , Leptospermum , and Melaleuca are absent from
399-400: The world. Other important Australian genera are Callistemon (bottlebrushes), Syzygium , and Melaleuca (paperbarks). Species of the genus Osbornia , native to Australasia, are mangroves . Eugenia , Myrcia , and Calyptranthes are among the larger genera in the neotropics. Historically, the Myrtaceae were divided into two subfamilies. Subfamily Myrtoideae (about 75 genera)
420-781: Was recognized as having dry, dehiscent fruits (capsules) and leaves arranged spirally or alternate. The Leptospermoideae are found mostly in Australasia, with a centre of diversity in Australia. Many genera in Western Australia have greatly reduced leaves and flowers typical of more xeric habitats. The division of the Myrtaceae into Leptospermoideae and Myrtoideae was challenged by a number of authors, including Johnson and Briggs (1984), who identified 14 tribes or clades within Myrtaceae, and found Myrtoideae to be polyphyletic. Molecular studies by several groups of authors, as of 2008, have confirmed
441-507: Was recognized as having fleshy fruits and opposite, entire leaves. Most genera in this subfamily have one of three easily recognized types of embryos. The genera of Myrtoideae can be very difficult to distinguish in the absence of mature fruits. Myrtoideae are found worldwide in subtropical and tropical regions, with centers of diversity in the Neotropics, northeastern Australia, and Malesia. In contrast, subfamily Leptospermoideae (about 80 genera)
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