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33-807: The Uele District, shown as the Uellé District on an 1897 map of the Congo Free State, was named after the Uele River . The river flows though the district and further west joins the Mbomou River (or Bomu River) to form the Ubangi River , which defined the northeastern border of the Belgian Congo. The French colonies were to the north of the district and the British-controlled Lado Enclave to

66-679: A Russian explorer of German origins, explored the Bomu -Uele region thoroughly. These visitors entered from the north or the east rather than the Congo River. In the 1870s the Egyptians decided to strengthen their control of the Bahr al-Ghazal and of the slave and ivory traders operating from there. Around 1880 many Azande chiefs placed themselves at the disposal of the Egyptians, who were represented by Europeans such as Frank Lupton and Romolo Gessi , in part to fight

99-748: A curve of the Lualaba River between the river port towns of Ubundu and Kisangani (also known as Boyoma) in the Orientale Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The seven cataracts have a total drop of 61 m (200 ft). They form the largest waterfall by volume of annual flow rate in the world, exceeding both the Niagara Falls and the Iguazu Falls . The two major cataracts are

132-573: A program to contain sleeping sickness in the "great uninfected triangle" of the Uele. The military campaign against Sasa, the powerful leader of the Azande, exposed the true extent of the disease. It was found that sleeping sickness was widespread in the north of Uele District. The district was to have been opened to free trade in July 1912, and flooded by mineral prospectors, traders and their porters. The Congo Free State

165-680: A right tributary of the Bomu while Théodore Nilis and Charles de la Kethulle ascended the Chinko River , another tributary of the Bomu. The Belgian expeditions caused a dispute with the French that led to an agreement that the Bomu would be the northern border of the Congo Free State in this region. Another route to the Uele went from Basoko up the Aruwimi River to Bomili, then up the Nepoko River , across to

198-637: The Orientale Province . In the reorganization of 1933 Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele were reunited into Uele District, now part of the Stanleyville Province , with some territory to the east transferred to the Kibali-Ituri District . Stanleyville Province was renamed Orientale/Oost Province in 1947. During the colonial era a railway was constructed through the region from east to west, on which the agricultural road network converged. The railway carried products from Uele and Ituri to Bumba , from where it

231-634: The Zande town of Rafaï , wrote in an 1895 article Le sultanat de Rafaï ( Le Congo illustré ) that almost all the inhabitants could speak Arabic, including the sultan, chiefs and soldiers. The first Europeans to reach the Uele region were the German botanist and ethnologist Georg August Schweinfurth , who discovered the Uele River in 1870, and the Italian Giovanni Miani . In 1871 Wilhelm Junker (1840–1892),

264-556: The Bomu River and part of the Uele river. Leopold's decree of 1 August 1888 divided the Congo Free State into eleven districts, including Aruwimi-Uele with its headquarters in Basoko . Vangèle was instructed to explore the Ubangi River in 1889 and claim land for Leopold II. He was also told to "exploit the ivory of the state domain", and his journal includes many details of tusks he bought or

297-567: The Congo Free State with measures that had been proven against cholera and plague in Europe. Between 1904 and 1914 they placed those who were infected or suspected of being infected in isolation camps or lazarets, and mapped out the zones of infection. Many of the local people in Uele District saw the health campaign as another aspect of the program of conquest and exploitation. The director of Ibembo lazaret made several proposals between 1907 and 1912 for

330-515: The District is covered by a dryland rain forest of Macrolobium ( Gilbertiodendron dewevrei ). Its boundary with the northern savannas lies a little north of the Uele then approximately follows the Bomokandi River . Along this boundary the forest is marked by deep anthropogenic alterations. The forest region is a gently undulating plain with a slight slope to the southwest towards the center of

363-546: The Duru post on the Bomokandi River , and on to the Dungu post. Much of this route was by foot, since the rivers were impassible. In 1895 Aruwimi-Uele District was divided into Aruwimi District and Uele District. At first, some of the sultans were friendly. Later, as the Belgians strengthened their grip, some such as Engwetra in 1896 rose in rebellion. Others found that by treaty their land

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396-623: The Europeans arrived. The Ababua and most of the Azande live in the lower Uele, while the Logo and Bodo , and most of the Mangbetu live in the upper Uele. There do not seem to have been any strong connections with the Arabs or Nubians of Sudan until around 1860, when traders started to visit in search of slaves and ivory. Some of the local chiefs welcomed the traders, while others fought them. Arabic speakers in

429-524: The Uele river are the Bomokandi River (left side) and Uere River (right side). The Uele–Mbomou confluence at Yakoma marks the origin of the Ubangi River , which in turn flows into the Congo River . The Uele is the longest tributary of the Ubangi. The combined Ubangi–Uele length is about 2,270 kilometres (1,410 mi). From satellite images, parts of the river look red from the iron oxide contaminants in

462-499: The basin. The northern grassy plain has better marked valleys. Rocky sills and rapids cut the streams, which can be dammed. From 400 metres (1,300 ft) at Aketi , the altitude gradually rises to the north and east to reach 650 metres (2,130 ft) at Ango and over 800 metres (2,600 ft) in the east. Peoples such as the Azande and Mangbetu migrated into the Uele region long before

495-563: The battles of Bedden and Redjaf. The Mahdists were defeated and the city of Redjaf was captured. After taking leave in Europe La Haye returned to Uele, where he was appointed district commissioner on 16 May 1897. Between 4 July 1900 and 16 January 1901 Verstraeten replaced him as district commissioner while he took leave in Europe. On his return La Haye led an expedition of 600 men against the Ababua , who had rebelled. The rebels were destroyed at

528-616: The east, on the west bank of the Nile . To the west were the Ubangi and Bangala districts, and to the south were the Aruwimi and Stanley Falls districts. A 1956 description of the district said the north of Uele is covered with shrub savannas interspersed with galleries and fragments of forest. Savannas with Encephalartos septentrionalis occupy the central part while the east and west are characterized by savannas of Lophira . The southern part of

561-530: The end of June 1901. On 3 July 1902 La Haye was shot and killed while sleeping in Kodia village. On 29 September 1903 the district of Uele was divided into five administrative zones: Rubber was harvested in the Uele District, and taken to the port of Bumba for storage and transport by river to Bas-Congo . A single Catholic mission was established at Gombari on the Bomokandi River . The administration responded to an epidemic of sleeping sickness that began in 1904 in

594-640: The first below Ubundu, forming a narrow and crooked stream that is hardly accessible, and the last that can be seen and visited from Kisangani. At the bottom of the rapids, the Lualaba is known as the Congo River . A 1m-gauge portage railway bypasses the series of rapids, connecting Kisangani and Ubundu. The last of the seven cataracts of the Boyoma Falls is also known as the Wagenia Falls ( French : chutes Wagenia , Dutch : Wageniawatervallen ), referring to

627-512: The local Wagenya fishermen, who have developed a special technique to fish in the river. They build systems of wooden tripods across the rapids fixed in holes carved in the rock by the water current. These serve as anchors for baskets that entrap large fish. The baskets are lowered in the rapids to “sieve” the waters for fish. It is a very selective fishing method, as these baskets are quite big, and only large fish are entrapped. The falls were formerly named after Henry Morton Stanley , who explored

660-469: The north of the Congo Free State, and the forests along it would provide a source of food. The authorities decided to build a line of fortified positions along the river. Posts included Yakoma in the Ubangi District , Djabir, Libokwa , Bambili , Surango, Niangara , Dungu and Faradje . Later these posts were connected by the first road in the Congo Free State that could be used by motor vehicles, which

693-455: The phonetically identical Uélé , Ouélé , or Welle River , is a river in the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The Uele forms at Dungu , at the confluence of the Dungu and Kibali rivers , which both originate in the mountains near Lake Albert . Combined these rivers flow west for about 1,210 kilometres (750 mi), until the Uele joins the Mbomou River at Yakoma . Main tributaries to

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726-530: The region included Egyptian government representatives, traders, soldiers and Faqīhs . Some Azande worked for the Sudanese merchants or even visited Sudan, either voluntarily or as slaves. Some of the local chiefs became Muslims, and styled themselves sultans. The conversions were not always sincere, but some took the religion very seriously and abstained from alcohol, fasted during Ramadan, prayed and adopted Arabic dress. Charles de la Kethulle, who spent two years in

759-505: The region of Djabir and descended it almost to its junction with the Mbomou River . Roget, Milz and Duvivier founded the first Belgian post in the Uele at Djabir in April 1890. This route opened access to the Uele region, although it crossed the territory of the Budja people , who had yet to be pacified. In 1891 Guillaume Van Kerkhoven , Pierre Ponthier  [ fr ] and Jules Milz followed

792-401: The river. Stanley Falls, Congo Boyoma Falls ( Swahili : Maporomoko ya Maji ya Boyoma , French : chutes de Boyoma , Dutch : Boyomawatervallen ), formerly known as Stanley Falls ( French : Chutes Stanley ; Dutch : Stanleywatervallen ), is a series of seven cataracts , each no more than 5 m (16 ft) high, extending over more than 100 km (62 mi) along

825-705: The same route to the Uele, then explored the Kibali and the Zoro . They reached the Nile, but had to retreat to the Dungu region when they were attacked by Mahdists. In 1891 Georges Le Marinel ascended the Bomu River . Ernest De Baert was appointed State Inspector of the Haut-Uele expedition in 1892. He was instructed to ensure that all the ivory and rubber of the sultanates of the M’bomu region

858-649: The slavers. The uprising of Muhammad Ahmad , the self-proclaimed Mahdi , against the Egyptian government in 1881 weakened the influence of the Arabs. By 1896 King Leopold II of Belgium was becoming concerned that instability in the Bahr al-Ghazal would affect his Congo Free State, and that Sudanese slavers would penetrate further south and join up with the Arab and Swahili traders at Stanley Falls . In January 1888 Alphonse van Gèle explored

891-403: Was annexed by Belgium as the Belgian Congo in 1908. On 1 July 1910 a court of first instance was established at Niangara to serve Uele District, one of seven in the colony. The Uele District was divided into Bas-Uele (Lower Uele) and Haut-Uele (Upper Uele) by an arrêté royal of 28 March 1912, which divided the Congo into 22 districts. In a major reform in 1914 these were incorporated into

924-531: Was broken up into Kibali-Ituri, Uélé and Haut-Congo provinces. Uele had its capital in Isiro . The heads of Uélé Province were: Orientale Province was reconstituted in 1966. As of 2014 Bas-Uele had the lowest population density in the country, with 5 or 6 people per km2, while Haut-Uele had 13 people per km2. In 2015 Orientale was broken into the province into the provinces of Bas-Uélé , Haut-Uélé , Ituri and Tshopo . Uele River The Uele , also known by

957-553: Was extended from Faradje to the Nile by way of Yei and Loka in the savannah zone. The two posts of Yei and Loka were established to the northeast of Faradje in the arid Lado Enclave on the Nile , leased from the British. The Belgians carried a boat to the Nile in sections, the Van de Kerckhoven , which they assembled and launched on the Nile. In 1894 Léon Hanolet ascended the Bari River ,

990-665: Was given by chiefs along the Ubangi, M'bomu and Uele rivers. He had obtained twelve tons of ivory by September 1890. Jérôme Becker met Sultan Djabir at Basoko in December 1889, and in January 1890 reached Jabir's sultanate. In 1890 the Belgian officers Léon Roget and Jules Alexandre Milz travelled up the Itimbiri River from Bumba , then up the Likati River , reached the Uele River in

1023-530: Was now French or British, or chose to move to French territory. In 1895 Jules Joseph La Haye was charged with building the Bomokandi post on the rocky right bank of the Uele River. On 10 January 1896 he met Louis-Napoléon Chaltin , who was undertaking an expedition against Bili . Chaltin and La Haye decided to move the Bomokandi post to the left bank of the river, 20' upstream. The expedition of Chaltin in 1896, assisted by 700 lancers provided by Sultan Renzi, fought

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1056-576: Was paid as tribute to the Free State. By 1892 the Belgians were taking drastic action to prevent ivory and rubber from being smuggled across the M'Bomu to French Territory. They stationed soldiers in each marketplace who shot anyone who tried to cross the river. However, these efforts were ineffective and much ivory from Uele reached the European companies in Abiras . The Uele was clearly a natural defensive line for

1089-601: Was taken to Léopoldville , Boma , and on to Europe. In 1947 Uele District had its headquarters in Buta . The territories were Bondo , Ango , Dungu , Manbetu (headquarters in Paulis ), Buta , Aketi , Poko and Niangara . The estimated total populations was 795,721. In 1956 the population was: The population was concentrated along the axis from Paulis to Aketi. A 1955–1957 map showed that Uele District had once more been divided into Bas-Uele and Haut-Uele. In 1962 Orientale Province

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