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50-677: Peter Victor Ueberroth ( / ˈ juː b ər ɒ θ / ; born September 2, 1937) is an American sports and business executive known for his involvement in the Olympics and in Major League Baseball . A Los Angeles–based businessman, he was the chairman of the Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee which brought the games to Los Angeles in 1984. Ueberroth was named 1984's Time Man of the Year for his success in organizing

100-580: A 15-month battle with a non-operable brain tumor . Former All-Star Tony Clark , the deputy executive director, was named executive director on December 2, 2013, becoming the first former major league player to lead the union. In 2016, the MLBPA celebrated its 50th anniversary as a union, commemorating the event at the 2016 All-Star Game with a golden anniversary logo. In 1968, the Major League Baseball Players Association negotiated

150-553: A committee of over 150 members (mostly business people and entrepreneurs) to generate ideas, opportunities and solve problems. His aggressive recruiting of sponsors for the 1984 Olympics is credited as the genesis for the current Olympic sponsorship program. Due to recruiting competitors between the Los Angeles Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), after 1984 all Olympics in

200-682: A comprehensive policy addressing issues such as protecting the legal rights of players, treating violations seriously, holding players accountable through appropriate disciplinary measures and providing resources for the intervention and care of victims, families and the players themselves. The terms of this joint policy cover four primary areas: Treatment & Intervention; Investigations; Discipline; and Training, Education & Resources. In June 2016, executive director Tony Clark and MLB commissioner Rob Manfred , along with Curtis Granderson , Andrew McCutchen , Marquis Grissom , and Ken Griffey Jr. , announced major initiatives within youth baseball in

250-576: A press conference held at Citi Field . On top of jointly donating over $ 2 million several youth-focused initiatives supported by current and former Major League player, other major initiatives included financial contributions to youth baseball projects and the creation of a partnership with Positive Coaching Alliance for the training of coaches and administrators from the Reviving Baseball in Inner Cities program. As of 2023, Major League Baseball

300-416: A settlement being reached to award players a total of $ 280 million in damages for the collusion. Under Fehr, the MLBPA dealt with a 32-day lockout by MLB owners in 1990. The MLBPA participated in a 232-day players strike in 1994 and 1995 . While Fehr led the MLBPA, player salaries rose from an average of over $ 400,000 to $ 3 million. The Collective Bargaining Agreements in 2002 and 2006 were reached without

350-455: A signed contract with a Major League club are eligible for membership in the Association. The MLBPA has three major divisions: a labor union, a business (Players Choice Group Licensing Program), and a charitable foundation (Major League Baseball Players Trust). The MLBPA primarily serves as a collective bargaining representative for all Major League Baseball players. On August 28, 2022,

400-528: A strike and bankruptcy from Texas Air . However, a management dispute with Texas Air CEO Frank Lorenzo led to the deal falling through. In 1990, Ueberroth bought controlling interest of Hawaiian Airlines with his brother John and business partner J. Thomas Talbot. Three years after leaving office, he led the Rebuild Los Angeles project after the 1992 Los Angeles riots . In 1999, Ueberroth, along with Arnold Palmer and Clint Eastwood , bought

450-493: A strike by the players or a lockout by the owners. This was a period of 16 years without a work stoppage by either side. Fehr was also a contributor in the creation of the World Baseball Classic international baseball tournament. In 2009, Donald Fehr resigned from the position. The players selected Michael Weiner , who had worked for the union since 1988, as his replacement. On November 21, 2013, Weiner died after

500-547: A successful and vigilant anti-drug campaign, significant industry-wide improvement in the area of fair employment, and a significantly improved financial picture for the industry. When Ueberroth took office, 21 of the 26 clubs were losing money; in Ueberroth's last full season – 1988 – all clubs either broke even or finished in the black. In 1987 , for example, baseball as an industry showed a net profit of $ 21.3 million, its first profitable year since 1973 ." Nonetheless, following

550-526: A trade union and meant to protect the interests of the players. President Executive Director Executive Director December 1, 1985 – June 22, 2009 The organization that would eventually become the MLBPA was conceived in 1953 , but it was not officially recognized as a union until 1966 . That year the newly recognized union hired Marvin Miller from the United Steel Workers of America to head

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600-583: Is an investor and chairman of the Contrarian Group, Inc., a business management company, and has held this position since 1989. He is also co-chairman of Pebble Beach Company . He is a director of Hilton Hotels Corporation and previously served as director of Adecco S.A. from 2004 to 2008. He has served as Chairman of the Board of Aircastle since 2012 and been on the board since 2006. In 1989, Ueberroth considered purchasing Eastern Air Lines , then crippled by

650-484: Is awarded annually to college football's Defensive IMPACT Player of the Year. Ueberroth married Virginia "Ginny" Nicolaus in 1959, and they have four children. Business executive Executives run companies or government agencies . They create plans to help their organizations grow. Becoming an executive usually takes years of promotions and hard work since the qualifications of this role needs hard working individuals with years of experience in multiple facets of

700-501: Is the only major professional sports league in North America that does not have a salary cap ; the MLS , NBA , NFL , and NHL all implement some sort of salary cap. MLB does have a luxury tax that penalizes clubs that exceed the designated amount for that season. The MLBPA was initially opposed to random steroid testing, claiming it to be a violation of the privacy of players. After

750-455: The Pebble Beach golf course . Ueberroth ran for Governor of California in the 2003 California recall election as an independent, though he was a registered Republican . His campaign focused on California's economic and budget crisis, avoiding social issues. With polls indicating only a low level of support, he pulled out of the race on September 9, 2003, though his name still appeared on

800-678: The Players Choice Awards , Volunteers of America, and MLB Players STEM League are funded through the foundation. In 2003, the Major League Baseball Players Trust and Volunteers of America created the Action Team National Youth Volunteer Program to recruit and train high school students to become volunteers in their communities. The Players Choice Awards is an award ceremony held to recognize each season's best performers, as chosen by

850-511: The 1956 United States Olympic water polo trials but failed to make the team. Ueberroth ultimately graduated from San Jose State in 1959 with a degree in business. After college, Ueberroth became a vice president and shareholder in Trans International Airlines (he was 22 years old at the time). Ueberroth worked at Trans International until 1963, when he founded his own travel company, which would become First Travel Corporation. By

900-557: The League Championship Series expanded from a best-of-five series to a best-of-seven series. At his urging, the Chicago Cubs chose to install lights at Wrigley Field rather than reimburse the leagues for lost night-game revenue. Ueberroth then found a new source of income in the form of persuading large corporations to pay for the privilege of having their products endorsed by Major League Baseball. However, Ueberroth, with

950-482: The MLBPA holds exclusive right to use, license and sublicense the names, numbers, nicknames, likenesses, signatures and other personal indicia (known as "publicity rights") of active Major League Baseball players who are its members for use in connection with any product, brand, service or product line when more than two players are involved. Among its other functions, the Players Choice licensing program also protects

1000-512: The MLBPA publicly launched a campaign to help Minor League Baseball players unionize. On September 9, 2022, MLB voluntarily recognized the MLBPA as the union for over 5,500 minor league baseball players playing rookie ball to Triple-A . The MLBPA's Players Choice group licensing program utilizes collective marketing to assist licensees and sponsors who want to associate their brands and products with that of Major League players, teams, and coaches. Through an individual agreement with each player,

1050-495: The MLBPA supported them by challenging the reserve clause which was used by team owners to bind players to one team. On December 23, 1975, arbitrator Peter Seitz ruled in favor of the players. Following the Seitz decision , the modern free agent system was created, and the strength of the union was immeasurably increased. Players and owners failed to come to terms over free agent compensation, which led to another strike in 1981 . In

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1100-572: The Olympic games. After the conclusion of the games, he was named as the sixth commissioner of Baseball , a role he held from 1984 to 1989. He later served as the chairman of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee from 2004 to 2008. Ueberroth was born in Evanston, Illinois , the son of Laura (Larson) and Victor Ueberroth. His father was of German and Austrian descent, and his mother

1150-520: The US had their local organizing committees enter into recruitment agreements with the USOC to jointly recruit sponsors and share revenue. Ueberroth was elected to succeed Bowie Kuhn on March 3, 1984, and took office on October 1 of that year. As a condition of his hiring, Ueberroth increased the commissioner's fining ability from US$ 5,000 to $ 250,000. His salary was raised to a reported $ 450,000, nearly twice what Kuhn

1200-521: The Year in 1984. Under Ueberroth's leadership and management, the first privately financed Olympic Games in history resulted in a surplus of nearly US$ 250 million, and became a model for all of the future games to follow. This was subsequently used to support youth and sports activities throughout the United States. Coincidentally, he was born on the day on which the founder of the modern Olympic Games , Baron Pierre de Coubertin , died. Ueberroth created

1250-462: The agency or between staff members. A large part of an executive's job is developing relationships with people outside the organization. These people may be customers or contributors. One way executives create relationships is by giving speeches at conferences . Executives may also serve on the boards of community groups. These activities promote the company and its leader. In addition, executives oversee budgets . They use budgets to analyze how well

1300-399: The announcement of the first of three large awards to the players following the collusion findings, Ueberroth stepped down as commissioner before the start of the 1989 regular season ; his contract was to have run through the end of the season. He was succeeded by National League president A. Bartlett Giamatti . Ueberroth has been a director of The Coca-Cola Company since 1986. Ueberroth

1350-457: The assistance of the owners, also facilitated collusion between the owners in violation of the league's collective bargaining agreement with the players. Players entering free agency in the 1985, 1986 and 1987 offseasons were, with few exceptions, prevented from both signing equitable contracts and joining the teams of their choice during this period. The roots of the collusion lay in Ueberroth's first owners' meeting as commissioner, when he called

1400-589: The ballot and received a small but significant number of votes. He placed 6th in a field of 135 candidates . Ueberroth was chairman of Ambassadors International , Inc. but was replaced by his son, Joseph Ueberroth in April 2006. Ueberroth resigned from the board in November 2008. Ueberroth was also the chairman of the United States Olympic Committee Board of Directors from 2004 to 2008. Ueberroth

1450-416: The business. The business executive occupation covers many jobs. These positions include chief executive officer , department store manager, and small business operator. Executives are in charge of their organization. They create and review goals for the company. They work closely with a team of upper-level staff or assistants. This team may make both long- and short-range plans to achieve these goals. Once

1500-432: The commissioner's office, laid the crippling labor problems of the early 1990s (including the 1994–95 strike ) directly at the feet of Ueberroth and the owners' collusion, holding that the collusion years constituted theft from the players. Under Ueberroth, Major League Baseball enjoyed "increased attendance (record attendance four straight seasons), greater awareness of crowd control and alcohol management within ballparks,

1550-489: The course of his stint as commissioner, Ueberroth reinstated two Hall of Famers , Willie Mays and Mickey Mantle , who had been banned from working for Major League Baseball by Kuhn because of their associations with gambling casinos. Also, Ueberroth suspended numerous players because of cocaine use, negotiated a $ 1.8 billion television contract with CBS , and initiated the investigation against Pete Rose 's betting habits . In 1985, Ueberroth's first full year in office,

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1600-449: The first-ever Collective Bargaining Agreement (CBA) in professional sports. Several agreements have been negotiated since the original agreement, the latest of which expired on Dec. 1, 2021. The expiration of the CBA resulted in the first player lockout since 1990. All transactions were halted as a result of the lockout and players were forbidden from contacting team officials until a new agreement

1650-682: The founder, owner, or majority shareholder of the organization. Executives' duties depend on how many people are on their staff. Some executives oversee general managers in different areas. In larger organizations, they may direct one area, such as marketing , finance, or legal services. For example, in the financial area, executives may direct the buying or selling of land or other investments. Other executives get more involved. They may hire and train new staff. They may direct staff in what tasks need to be done. They may choose computer systems to record data, such as budgets. When complaints arise, executives may direct investigations to resolve what occurred in

1700-485: The issues. Officials need to do these reality checks to see if they have the citizens' support. Executives also promote economic growth within their communities. They plan and organize different activities to help meet these goals. Government executives make connections between the United States and other countries. They help to promote international trade . The government executive occupation also covers many jobs. They range from city council member, mayor, and governor, all

1750-469: The late 1980s and early 1990s the MLBPA filed collusion charges, arguing that team owners had violated the collective bargaining agreement in the 1985–1987 seasons. The MLBPA won each case, resulting in "second look" free agents, and over $ 269 million in owner fines. After Miller retired, Ken Moffett became the new executive director in December 1982, but in November 1983 he was dismissed, and Marvin Miller

1800-403: The organization is running. They make suggestions about where to cut expenses. Executives may also suggest where improvements could be made. Executives also negotiate contracts with outside agencies. They need good persuasion skills to keep costs down. Government executives oversee agencies that develop laws and regulations. They meet regularly with their citizens. They learn how voters feel about

1850-463: The organization, serving as executive director until 1983 . During Miller's tenure, base salaries, pension funds, licensing rights, and revenues increased. In 1968 , Miller negotiated the first collective bargaining agreement (CBA) with the team owners, which raised the minimum salary from $ 6,000 to $ 10,000 per year. The 1970 CBA included arbitration to resolve disputes. The major leagues saw their first player strike in 1972 , in opposition to

1900-602: The owners "damned dumb" for being willing to lose money in order to win a World Series. Later, he told the general managers that it was "not smart" to sign long-term contracts. Former Major League Baseball Players Association president Marvin Miller later described this as "tantamount to fixing, not just games, but entire pennant races, including all post-season series." The MLBPA, under Miller's successor, Don Fehr , filed collusion charges and won each case, resulting in "second look" free agents, and over $ 280 million in fines. Fay Vincent , who followed as Ueberroth's successor in

1950-483: The owners' refusal to increase player pension funds. In 1974 , when Oakland owner Charlie Finley failed to make a $ 50,000 payment into an insurance annuity as called for in Catfish Hunter 's contract, the MLBPA took the case to arbitration . The arbitrator ruled that Hunter could be a free agent . When pitchers Andy Messersmith and Dave McNally had their 1974 contracts automatically renewed by their teams,

2000-433: The plans are set, executives make sure the company follows the changes. They do this by meeting with the managers of all the departments and getting progress reports. Executives are typically elected by the organization's owners, shareholders , board of directors . The term usually refers to the person running the organization or someone involved in the upper-level management role of a corporation, company, as opposed to being

2050-464: The players themselves. Each Players Choice Awards winner designates the charity of his choice to receive a grant from the Player's Trust. The MLBPA was not the first attempt to unionize baseball players. Earlier attempts had included: In 1898, Baltimore Orioles players John McGraw , Hughie Jennings , Joe Kelley , and Willie Keeler discussed the formation of "mutual defense organization" analogous to

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2100-561: The rights of players from exploitation by unauthorized parties. Major League Baseball players also formed the Players Trust, a charitable foundation that is the first of its kind in professional sports . Through the Players Trust, Major Leaguers contribute their time, money and fame to call attention to important issues affecting those in need and to help encourage others to get involved in their own communities. Many programs including Buses for Baseball, City Clinics, Medicines for Humanity,

2150-549: The terms of the Basic Agreement, with players later being awarded $ 10.5 million. In 1989, arbitrator George Nicolau found that owners had violated the Basic Agreement on the second grievance, with players awarded $ 38 million. In 1988, the MLBPA filed another grievance against the owners for colluding to control player salaries. The MLBPA claims that the owners created an information bank to share information on players and restrain salaries. The MLBPA won this grievance in 1990, with

2200-602: The time he sold First Travel in 1980, it was the second largest travel business in North America. For five years Ueberroth served as the organizer of the 1984 Summer Olympics held in Los Angeles. He was a prominent figure in the games, receiving the Olympic Order in gold at its conclusion from the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Due to the success of the games, he was named Time magazine's Man of

2250-527: The way up to President of the United States. Some of these positions are elected. Other officials are appointed to their jobs. In smaller communities, many of these jobs may be volunteer positions. Sometimes these jobs run through only part of the year. Major League Baseball Players Association The Major League Baseball Players Association ( MLBPA ) is the labor union representing all current Major League Baseball players. All players, managers , coaches , and athletic trainers who hold or have held

2300-607: Was inducted into the USA Water Polo Hall of Fame in 2010. Ueberroth is a Life Trustee of the University of Southern California . Ueberroth and his wife, Ginny, were two of the founders of Sage Hill School . He additionally served briefly on the school's Athletic Advisory Council. Ueberroth is a board member for the Lott IMPACT Trophy , which is named after Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive back Ronnie Lott , and

2350-427: Was named interim director. Donald Fehr , who joined the MLBPA as general counsel in 1977, was named acting director in December 1983. The MLBPA under Fehr filed several grievances against MLB owners. In the late 1980s, MLB owners were accused of collusion to prevent player salaries from rising. The MLBPA filed grievances against the owners in 1986 and 1987. In 1987, arbitrator Tom Roberts found that owners had violated

2400-536: Was of Swedish and Irish ancestry. He caddied at Sunset Ridge Country Club , in Northfield, Illinois. He grew up in Northern California . While attending Fremont High School , Ueberroth excelled in football , baseball, and swimming. After graduating from high school, Ueberroth attended San Jose State University on an athletic scholarship . While attending San Jose State he joined Delta Upsilon . He competed in

2450-628: Was paid. Just as Ueberroth was taking office, the Major League Umpires Union was threatening to strike the postseason. Ueberroth managed to arbitrate the disagreement and had the umpires back to work before the League Championship Series were over. The next summer, Ueberroth worked behind the scenes to limit a players' strike to one day before a new labor agreement was worked out with the Players Association . During

2500-541: Was reached. The Joint Drug Agreement went into effect in December 2011 and is scheduled to terminate Dec. 1, 2016, the same date as the Basic Agreement. The prohibited substances section of the Joint Drug Agreement is updated annually. In August 2015, Major League Baseball and the MLBPA reached agreement on the Joint Domestic Violence, Sexual Assault and Child Abuse Policy, and is intended to provide

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