67-706: UTV Motion Pictures (also known as Disney UTV from 2012–13) was the feature film unit of UTV Software Communications founded by Ronnie Screwvala and Zarina Screwvala in 1996 as UTV Motion Pictures Plc., the film distribution division of UTV Software Communications. It was one of the leading film studios in India and one of the largest production studios in South Asia . The studio's activities spanned creative development, production, marketing, distribution, licensing, merchandising, and worldwide syndication of films in Indian territories. It
134-548: A 10-year deal; however it is currently unknown whether this deal continued even when Miramax was sold to Filmyard Holdings . In December 2008, following their purchase of a majority stake in UTV, The Walt Disney Company , which would later acquire the entirety of UTV Motion Pictures through UTV Software Communications in 2012, handed over exclusive distribution rights to their films in the Indian subcontinent, starting with Walt Disney Pictures ' Bedtime Stories . UTV Motion Pictures became
201-568: A book titled Dream with Your Eyes Open . Screwvala was born in Bombay (now Mumbai) into a Parsi family. His father was an executive at the British firm J L Morrison and Smith & Nephew. Screwvala schooled and went to college in Mumbai at Cathedral and John Connon School and Sydenham College . Screwvala had a keen interest in theatre while in school and acted in professional plays with Bombay theatre as
268-474: A familiar mode since they are used almost exclusively in campus-based schools. Institutes that offer both distance and campus programs usually use paced models so that teacher workload, student semester planning, tuition deadlines, exam schedules, and other administrative details can be synchronized with campus delivery. Student familiarity and the pressure of deadlines encourage students to readily adapt to and usually succeed in paced models. However, student freedom
335-613: A hobby. He played notable roles in Shakespeare ’s Othello and Death of a Salesman . Screwvala is married to Zarina Mehta , his second marriage. Zarina has been a co-founder in the media company UTV they founded, and now is the co-Trustee of their Philanthropic foundation; The Swades Foundation. They live in Breach Candy, South Mumbai . His first wife, Manjula Nanavati and Screwvala have one daughter, Trishya Screwvala , who runs her own Not For Profit, The Lighthouse Project , and who
402-622: A paced format similar to traditional campus-based models in which learners commence and complete a course at the same time. Some institutions offer self-paced programs that allow for continuous enrollment, and the length of time to complete the course is set by the learner's time, skill, and commitment levels. Self-paced courses are almost always offered asynchronously. Each delivery method offers advantages and disadvantages for students, teachers, and institutions. Kaplan and Haenlein classify distance education into four groups according to "Time dependency" and "Number of participants": Paced models are
469-593: A programs of distance learning that provided the city's elementary school students with instruction through radio broadcasts. A typical setup came in Kentucky in 1948 when John Wilkinson Taylor , president of the University of Louisville , teamed up with NBC to use radio as a medium for distance education. The chairman of the Federal Communications Commission endorsed the project and predicted that
536-592: A radical open admissions policy. At the time, the total student population of conventional universities in the United Kingdom was around 130,000. Athabasca University , Canada's open university, was created in 1970 and followed a similar, though independently developed, pattern. The Open University inspired the creation of Spain's National University of Distance Education (1972) and Germany's FernUniversität in Hagen (1974). There are now many similar institutions around
603-596: A significant part of the history of distance education and online learning. The widespread use of computers and the Internet has made distance learning easier and faster, and today virtual schools and virtual universities deliver full curricula online. The capacity of the Internet to support voice, video, text, and immersion teaching methods made earlier distinct forms of telephone, videoconferencing, radio, television, and text-based education somewhat redundant. However, many of
670-422: A significant positive relationship with the digital literacy of users. Besides, observability, trialability, and digital skill were found to have a positive significant influence on digital literacy . The two methods can be combined. Many courses offered by both open universities and an increasing number of campus-based institutions use periodic sessions of residential or day teaching to supplement
737-444: A sports company—U Sports—spanning football , e-sports , and kabaddi , and through his investment company, Unilazer Ventures, has been a significant private equity investor in Indian start-ups with early stage investment and significant minority stakes. After his entrepreneurial period, he re-entered the media content industry to build a creative content company—RSVP—in movies and digital content and authored
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#1732884610648804-403: Is a list of films produced/ co-produced by Screwvala Online education Distance education , also known as distance learning , is the education of students who may not always be physically present at school , or where the learner and the teacher are separated in both time and distance. Traditionally, this usually involved correspondence courses wherein the student corresponded with
871-468: Is an exciting place to learn new things, collaborate with others, and retain self-discipline. One of the earliest attempts at distance education was advertised in 1728. This was in the Boston Gazette for "Caleb Philipps, Teacher of the new method of Short Hand ", who sought students who wanted to learn the skills through weekly mailed lessons. The first distance education course in the modern sense
938-442: Is becoming a pathway for learners with sparse access to physical courses so they can complete their degrees. Furthermore, digital classroom technologies allow those living remotely to access learning, and it enables the student to fit learning into their schedule more easily. Internet technology has enabled many forms of distance learning through open educational resources and facilities such as e-learning and MOOCs . Although
1005-532: Is married to sports commentator Suhail Chandhok . Opportunistic in the early days of his entrepreneurship, Screwvala founded a toothbrush manufacturing company. Screwvala's is also credited with pioneering Cable TV in India (1981) at a time when there was a single terrestrial channel ( Doordarshan ) and grew that to multiple cities and most of the hotel chains in India. He hosted a quiz show Mashoor Mahal in Doordarshan in 1985. Screwvala founded UTV and over
1072-448: Is to lift a million people out of poverty. Presently, Swades is active in Raigad district in the state of Maharashtra in two thousand villages and involving half a million people. It is working on Water, Sanitation, Health, Education and the main focus is on Livelihood opportunities. Screwvala co-founded upGrad, which is one of the largest Online Education companies in India - focused on
1139-591: The Ford Foundation . From 1970 to 1972 the Coordinating Commission for Higher Education in California funded Project Outreach to study the potential of tele-courses. The study included the University of California , California State University , and community colleges. This study led to coordinated instructional systems legislation allowing the use of public funds for non-classroom instruction and paved
1206-704: The University of Toronto through the Graduate School of Education (then called OISE: the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education ), offering a course in "Women and Computers in Education", dealing with gender issues and educational computing. The first new and fully online university was founded in 1994 as the Open University of Catalonia , headquartered in Barcelona, Spain. In 1999 Jones International University
1273-494: The University of Wisconsin–Madison also promoted new methods. From 1964 to 1968, the Carnegie Foundation funded Wedemeyer's Articulated Instructional Media Project (AIM) which brought in a variety of communications technologies aimed at providing learning to an off-campus population. The radio courses faded away in the 1950s. Many efforts to use television along the same lines proved unsuccessful, despite heavy funding by
1340-541: The World Wide Web or other network technologies, are recent educational modes in distance education. A number of other terms (distributed learning, e-learning , m-learning , online learning, virtual classroom, etc.) are used roughly synonymously with distance education. E-learning has shown to be a useful educational tool. E-learning should be an interactive process with multiple learning modes for all learners at various levels of learning. The distance learning environment
1407-563: The YMCA school in Boston that became Northeastern University . Private correspondence schools outside of the major cities provided a flexible, focused solution. Large corporations systematized their training programs for new employees. The National Association of Corporation Schools grew from 37 in 1913 to 146 in 1920. Private schools that provided specialized technical training to everyone who enrolled, not just employees of one company, began to open across
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#17328846106481474-756: The mental health , occupational therapy , family therapy , art therapy , physical therapy , and rehabilitation counseling fields. By 2008, online learning programs were available in the United States in 44 states at the K-12 level. Internet forums , online discussion groups , and online learning community can contribute to a distance education experience. Research shows that socialization plays an important role in some forms of distance education. E-Courses are available from educational platforms such as Khan Academy and MasterClass on many topics and for students of all levels. Most distance education uses
1541-456: The "college-by-radio" would put "American education 25 years ahead". The university was owned by the city, and local residents would pay the low tuition rates, receive their study materials in the mail, and listen by radio to live classroom discussions that were held on campus. Physicist Daniel Q. Posin also was a pioneer in the field of distance education when he hosted a televised course through DePaul University . Charles Wedemeyer of
1608-518: The 12 team ProKabaddi League), E Sports and in Football where under the brand U Dreams the focus is to train and manage talent under various years of age for a sustained duration, and then manage their careers for the long term to play professionally in India and globally. RSVP Movies is Screwvala's re-entry into the media and entertainment industry. This time is focussed on developing its own scripts and screenplays and working with directors that share
1675-532: The 1920s and radio in the 1930s led to proposals to use it for distance education. By 1938, at least 200 city school systems, 25 state boards of education, and many colleges and universities broadcast educational programs for public schools. One line of thought was to use radio as a master teacher. Experts in given fields broadcast lessons for pupils within the many schoolrooms of the public school system, asking questions, suggesting readings, making assignments, and conducting tests. This mechanizes education and leaves
1742-552: The 1920s. Enrollment in the largest private for-profit school based in Scranton, Pennsylvania , the International Correspondence Schools grew explosively in the 1890s. Founded in 1888 to provide training for immigrant coal miners aiming to become state mine inspectors or foremen, it enrolled 2500 new students in 1894 and matriculated 72,000 new students in 1895. By 1906 total enrollments reached 900,000. The growth
1809-593: The 21st Century in 2008 and ranked 78 among the 100 most influential people in the world on the Time 100 (compiled by Time Magazine , 2009). He was also listed amongst 25 Asia's Most Powerful people by Fortune Magazine . Based in Mumbai , India, Ronnie pioneered cable television , built a media and entertainment conglomerate ( UTV Software Communications ) that partnered with News Corp , 20th Century Fox , The Walt Disney Company , and Bloomberg , and later in 2012, he divested
1876-645: The International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE), with its main office in Oslo, Norway. The Open University (OU) in the United Kingdom was founded by the then Labour government led by Harold Wilson . Based on the vision of Michael Young , planning commenced in 1965 under the Minister of State for Education , Jennie Lee , who established a model for the Open University as one of widening access to
1943-585: The US, the Distance Education Accrediting Commission (DEAC) specializes in the accreditation of distance education institutions. In the United States in 2011, it was found that a third of all the students enrolled in postsecondary education had taken an accredited online course in a postsecondary institution. Growth continued. In 2013 the majority of public and private colleges offered full academic programs online. Programs included training in
2010-510: The University of London. The vast distances made Australia especially active; the University of Queensland established its Department of Correspondence Studies in 1911. In South Africa, the University of South Africa , formerly an examining and certification body, started to present distance education tuition in 1946. In the United States, only a third of the population lived in cities of 100,000 or more population in 1920; in order to reach
2077-664: The benefits and drawbacks of online learning found that students have had a harder time producing their own work. The study suggests teachers should cut back on the amount of information taught and incorporate more activities during the lesson, in order for students to create their own work. Though schools are slow to adapt to new technologies, COVID-19 required schools to adapt and learn how to use new digital and online learning tools. Web conferencing has become more popular since 2007. Researchers have found that people in online classes perform just as effectively as participants in conventional learning classes. The use of online learning
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2144-559: The classroom is the use of robot proxies including those that allow sick students to attend classes. Some universities have been starting to use robot proxies to enable more engaging synchronous hybrid classes where both remote and in-person students can be present and interact using telerobotics devices such as the Kubi Telepresence robot stand that looks around and the Double Robot that roams around. With these telepresence robots,
2211-485: The closure of the vast majority of schools worldwide for in-person learning. COVID-19 increased the value of distance education although its policies were implemented and formulated among several universities much earlier. Many schools moved to online remote learning through platforms including—but not limited to— Zoom , Blackboard , Cisco Webex , Google Classroom , Google Meet , Microsoft Teams , D2L , and Edgenuity . A recent study showed that Google Classroom
2278-492: The common vision of storytelling. Unilazer was incorporated by Screwvala as a public equity company that has made investments in the Indian new economy companies with early stage investments with significant minority stake as also bringing with him his entrepreneurial experience to the founders. The sectors in which Unilazer has invested range from e commerce to a leading online eyewear company in India, and from AI and Bots to Agriculture to Microhousing Finance. The following
2345-432: The company to Disney for an enterprise value of US$ 1.4 billion. From 2013 onward, he and his wife scaled their non-profit, The Swades Foundation, whose goal is to work with a million people in rural India, empower them, and move them out of poverty every 6–7 years before moving onto another geography. He co-founded UpGrad, which is into online education in the higher education and specialization sector, founded
2412-474: The exclusive distributor for all Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures releases for South Asian territories from 2013 onward. Distribution rights to 20th Century Fox (now 20th Century Studios ) and Fox Searchlight Pictures (now Searchlight Pictures ) films continued to be handled by Fox Star Studios (now Star Studios ) until late 2019 with The Art of Racing in the Rain , when Buena Vista International began releasing
2479-1049: The expansion of the Internet blurs the boundaries, distance education technologies are divided into two modes of delivery: synchronous learning and asynchronous learning . In synchronous learning, all participants are "present" at the same time in a virtual classroom, as in traditional classroom teaching. It requires a timetable. Web conferencing , videoconferencing , educational television , and instructional television are examples of synchronous technology, as are direct-broadcast satellite (DBS), internet radio , live streaming , telephone , and web-based VoIP . Web conferencing software helps to facilitate class meetings, and usually contains additional interaction tools such as text chat, polls, hand raising, emoticons etc. These tools also support asynchronous participation by students who can listen to recordings of synchronous sessions. Immersive environments (notably SecondLife ) have also been used to enhance participant presence in distance education courses. Another form of synchronous learning using
2546-410: The higher Education and Specialization sector. They focus majorly on Digital Marketing , Data Analytics , Digital Technology Management, Data Driven Management and Product Management . upGrad has tie-ups with several colleges including MICA. Screwvala co-founded U Sports with a focus on three sports, Kabaddi a popular sport in India and around Asia (his team U Mumba is one of the top teams in
2613-457: The highest levels of degree and doctoral programs. New York University and International University Canada, for example, offer online degrees in engineering and management-related fields through NYU Tandon Online . Levels of accreditation vary: widely respected universities such as Stanford University and Harvard now deliver online courses—but other online schools receive little outside oversight, and some are fraudulent, i.e., diploma mills . In
2680-413: The highest standards of scholarship in higher education and setting up a planning committee consisting of university vice-chancellors, educationalists, and television broadcasters, chaired by Sir Peter Venables. The British Broadcasting Corporation's ( BBC ) Assistant Director of Engineering at the time, James Redmond , had obtained most of his qualifications at night school , and his natural enthusiasm for
2747-479: The introduction of uniform postage rates across England in 1840. This early beginning proved extremely successful and the Phonographic Correspondence Society was founded three years later to establish these courses on a more formal basis. The society paved the way for the later formation of Sir Isaac Pitman Colleges across the country. The first correspondence school in the United States
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2814-481: The late 19th century, and its example was widely copied elsewhere. However, the university only provided examinations, not instructional material, leading academics to state that "the original degree by external study of the UOL was not a form of distance education". The External Programme is now known as the University of London Worldwide , and includes postgraduate and undergraduate degrees created by member institutions of
2881-480: The local teacher only the tasks of preparing for the broadcast and keeping order in the classroom. The first large-scale implementation of radio for distance education took place in 1937 in Chicago . During a three-week school closure implemented in response to a polio outbreak that the city was experiencing, superintendent of Chicago Public Schools William Johnson and assistant superintendent Minnie Fallon implemented
2948-459: The nation in the 1880s. Starting in Milwaukee in 1907, public schools began opening free vocational program. The International Conference for Correspondence Education held its first meeting in 1938. The goal was to provide individualized education for students, at low cost, by using a pedagogy of testing, recording, classification, and differentiation. Since then, the group has changed its name to
3015-533: The next two decades. The affiliated colleges provided certificates that the student had attended a course. A new charter in 1858 removed this requirement, allowing men (and women from 1878) taking instruction at any institution or pursuing a course of self-directed study to sit the examinations and receive degrees. The External Programme was referred to as the "People's University" by Charles Dickens as it provided access to higher education to students from less affluent backgrounds. Enrollment increased steadily during
3082-422: The period grew it into a media conglomerate spanning a leading movie studio , a Games Studio and creative content company that went public and listed on stock exchanges in 2005 and into which Disney gradually took a substantial stake until he divested the whole company to them in 2012. Along with his wife Zarina, Ronnie has founded The Swades Foundation, named after the acclaimed film he produced, whose goal
3149-449: The project did much to overcome the technical difficulties of using television to broadcast teaching programs. The Open University revolutionized the scope of the correspondence program and helped to create a respectable learning alternative to the traditional form of education. It has been at the forefront of developing new technologies to improve distance learning service as well as undertaking research in other disciplines. Walter Perry
3216-544: The release of the film Jagga Jasoos , and planned to focus on its Hollywood films distribution and television and licensing and merchandising businesses through the banner, effectively pulling the plug on its Hindi film production. The following films were produced under the UTV Spotboy banner. UTV's distribution relations with Disney first began when in 2005, Miramax Films , then owned by The Walt Disney Company , sold distribution rights to several films of their catalog in
3283-615: The remote students have a seat at the table or desk instead of being on a screen on the wall. In asynchronous learning, participants access course materials flexibly on their schedules. Students are not required to be together at the same time. Mail correspondence, which is the oldest form of distance education, is an asynchronous delivery technology, as are message board forums, e-mail , video and audio recordings , print materials, voicemail , and fax . The five characteristics of technological innovations (compatibility, observability, relative advantage, complexity, and trialability) have
3350-473: The rest, correspondence techniques were adopted. William Rainey Harper , founder and first president of the University of Chicago , celebrated the concept of extended education, where a research university had satellite colleges elsewhere in the region. In 1892, Harper encouraged correspondence courses to further promote education, an idea that was put into practice by the University of Chicago, U. Wisconsin, Columbia U., and several dozen other universities by
3417-552: The same length of time; when they have finished their courses they are supposed to be qualified to enter any one of a number of branches in some particular profession. We, on the contrary, are aiming to make our courses fit the particular needs of the student who takes them. Education was a high priority in the Progressive Era , as American high schools and colleges expanded greatly. For men who were older or were too busy with family responsibilities, night schools were opened, such as
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#17328846106483484-723: The school via mail . Distance education is a technology-mediated modality and has evolved with the evolution of technologies such as video conferencing, TV, and the Internet. Today, it usually involves online education and the learning is usually mediated by some form of technology. A distance learning program can either be completely a remote learning, or a combination of both online learning and traditional offline classroom instruction (called hybrid or blended ). Other modalities include distance learning with complementary virtual environment or teaching in virtual environment (e-learning). Massive open online courses (MOOCs), offering large-scale interactive participation and open access through
3551-592: The sessions delivered at a distance. This type of mixed distance and campus-based education has recently come to be called " blended learning " or less often "hybrid learning". Many open universities use a blend of technologies and a blend of learning modalities (face-to-face, distance, and hybrid) all under the rubric of "distance learning". Distance learning can also use interactive radio instruction (IRI), interactive audio instruction (IAI), online virtual worlds , digital games, webinars, and webcasts, all of which are referred to as e-Learning. The rapid spread of film in
3618-422: The studios' films internationally and thus UTV acquired the distribution rights to their films in the Indian subcontinent, starting with Terminator: Dark Fate . Ronnie Screwvala Rohinton Soli Screwvala (born 8 September 1956), known professionally as Ronnie Screwvala , is an Indian entrepreneur, investor and film producer. He has been named on Esquire 's List of the 75 Most Influential People of
3685-602: The teaching and learning experience. Educators, grappling with this abrupt transition, have faced hurdles in effectively engaging students and delivering course content, leading to heightened stress and burnout among faculty members. Additionally, this shift has raised legal concerns, particularly regarding copyright issues related to the dissemination of educational materials in digital formats. Post-COVID-19 pandemic, while some educational institutions went back to physical classes, others switched to blended learning or kept up their online distance learning. A recent study about
3752-560: The techniques developed and lessons learned with earlier media are used in Internet delivery. The first online courses for graduate and undergraduate credit were offered in 1985 by Connected Education through The New School in New York City, with students earning the MA in Media Studies completely online via computer conferencing, with no in-person requirements. This was followed in 1986 by
3819-567: The transition, and posed various legal issues, especially in terms of copyright. The physical surroundings during the COVID-19 pandemic are seen by university instructors as having a detrimental effect on the quality of distance education. However, where the lecture is delivered and the type of faculty do not show any significant statistical variances in the quality of distance education. The shift away from real-time instruction to asynchronous learning modes has posed significant challenges, impacting both
3886-475: The way for the emergence of tele-courses as the precursor to the online courses and programs of today. The Coastline Community Colleges , The Dallas County Community College District , and Miami Dade Community College led the way. The Adult Learning Service of the US Public Broadcasting Service came into being and the "wrapped" series, and individually produced tele-course for credit became
3953-1061: The world, often with the name "Open University" (in English or in the local language). The University of the Philippines Open University was established in 1995 as the fifth constituent University of the Philippines System and was the first distance education and online university in the Philippines. Its mandate is to provide educational opportunities to individuals aspiring for higher education and improved qualifications but were unable to take advantage of traditional modes of education because of personal and professional obligations. Most open universities use distance education technologies as delivery methods, though some require attendance at local study centers or at regional "summer schools". Some open universities have grown to become mega-universities . The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in
4020-668: Was also a distribution label of Disney for feature films produced by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in India . UTV Motion Pictures had a library of domestic regional films and animation productions alongside select international productions with the studio moving into film production in Bollywood , and further expanding in Hollywood in partnership with studios such as 20th Century Studios , Walt Disney Pictures and Sony Pictures . In July 2017, Disney shut down UTV Motion Pictures, shortly after
4087-600: Was appointed the OU's first vice-chancellor in January 1969, and its foundation secretary was Anastasios Christodoulou . The election of the new Conservative government under the leadership of Edward Heath , in 1970; led to budget cuts under Chancellor of the Exchequer Iain Macleod (who had earlier called the idea of an Open University "blithering nonsense"). However, the OU accepted its first 25,000 students in 1971, adopting
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#17328846106484154-450: Was due to sending out complete textbooks instead of single lessons, and the use of 1200 aggressive in-person salesmen. There was a stark contrast in pedagogy: The regular technical school or college aims to educate a man broadly; our aim, on the contrary, is to educate him only along some particular line. The college demands that a student shall have certain educational qualifications to enter it and that all students study for approximately
4221-416: Was launched as the first fully online university accredited by a regional accrediting association in the US. Between 2000 and 2008, enrollment in distance education courses increased rapidly almost every country in both developed and developing countries. Many private, public, non-profit , and for-profit institutions worldwide now offer distance education courses from the most basic instruction through to
4288-449: Was provided by Sir Isaac Pitman in the 1840s who taught a system of shorthand by mailing texts transcribed into shorthand on postcards and receiving transcriptions from his students in return for correction. The element of student feedback was a crucial innovation in Pitman's system. The postage stamp made this scheme for remote education possible, and these efforts were scalable because of
4355-619: Was the Society to Encourage Studies at Home which was founded in 1873. Founded in 1894, Wolsey Hall, Oxford was the first distance-learning college in the UK. The University of London was the first university to offer degrees to anyone who could pass their examinations, establishing its External Programme in 1858. It had been established in 1836 as an examining and degree-awarding body for affiliated colleges, originally University College London and King's College London but with many others added over
4422-472: Was the most preferred by those students Concerns arose over the impact of this transition on students without access to an internet-enabled device or a stable internet connection. Distanced education during the COVID-19 pandemic has interrupted synchronous learning for many students and teachers; where educators were no longer able to teach in real-time and could only switch to asynchronous instruction, this significantly and negatively affected their coping with
4489-432: Was the most used platform by students followed by Microsoft Teams and Zoom respectively. The less-used platforms included Blackboard Learn , Webex by Cisco , DingTalk , Tencent , and WhatsApp . However, the most preferred platforms by students were Microsoft Teams followed by Google Classroom and Zoom . Although Google Classroom was the most used by students as decided by their lectures, Microsoft Teams
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