113-570: John Samuel Hagelin ( / h eɪ ɡ ɛ l ɪ n / ; born June 9, 1954) is a physicist and the leader of the Transcendental Meditation (TM) movement in the United States. He is president of Maharishi International University (MIU), formerly Maharishi University of Management (MUM), in Fairfield, Iowa , and honorary chair of its board of trustees. The university was established in 1973 by
226-569: A "government-sponsored project" by a group of Jewish practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation program. It is the home for about 60 families. There are several residential facilities in India, including a 500-acre (2.0 km ) compound in "Maharishi Nagar", near Noida . There is a 70-unit development, Ideal Village Co-Op Inc, in Orleans, Ontario , a suburb of Ottawa, where 75 percent of
339-553: A 100% increase in sales after participating in the program. The Washington Post reported in 2005, that US real estate developer, The Tower Companies, had added classes in Transcendental Meditation to their employee benefit program with 70% participation. The World Plan Executive Council's (WPEC) international headquarters were located in Seelisberg, Switzerland and its American headquarters in Washington, D.C. The organization name
452-640: A 1983 paper in Physics Letters B , "Weak symmetry breaking by radiative corrections in broken supergravity", that became one of the 103 most-cited articles in the physical sciences in 1983 and 1984. In a 2012 interview in Science Watch , co-author Keith Olive said that his work for the 1984 study was one of the areas that had given him the greatest sense of accomplishment. A 1984 paper by Hagelin and John Ellis in Nuclear Physics B , "Supersymmetric relics from
565-713: A Ph.D. in 1981. By the time he had received his Ph.D., he had published several papers on particle theory. In 1981, Hagelin became a postdoctoral researcher for a few months at the European Center for Particle Physics (CERN) in Switzerland, and in 1982, he moved to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) in California. He left SLAC in 1983, reportedly because of personal problems. A year later, he joined Maharishi International University (MIU) as chair of
678-615: A big way". In January 2012 the Pioneer News Service , New Delhi, reported that several trusts, including the SRM Foundation of India, had become "non-functional" after the death of the Maharishi in 2008 and were immersed in controversy after trust members alleged that parcels of land had been "illegally sold off" by other trust members without proper authorization. In June the dispute was reported to be specifically between members of
791-494: A civil suit were filed against the World Plan Executive Council, in the United States by Robert Kropinski, Jane Greene, Patrick Ryan and Diane Hendel claiming fraud and psychological, physical, and emotional harm as a result of the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs. The district court dismissed Kropinski's claims concerning intentional tort and negligent infliction of emotional distress, and referred
904-596: A complementary system to modern western medicine . The approach was founded internationally in the mid 1980s by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. The Maharishi's revised system of Ayurveda was endorsed by the "All India Ayurvedic Congress" in 1997. The Transcendental Meditation technique is part of the Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health (MVAH). According to the movement's Global Good News website, there are 23 Maharishi Vedic Health Centres in 16 countries, including Austria, France, Denmark, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan,
1017-518: A flat tax, with no tax for families earning less than $ 34,000 per year. He campaigned to eradicate PACs and soft money campaign contributions and advocated safety locks on guns, school vouchers, and efforts to prevent war in the Middle East by reducing "people's tension". The party chose Hagelin and Mike Tompkins as its presidential and vice-presidential candidates in 1992 and 1996. Hagelin received 39,212 votes from 32 states in 1992 (and 23 percent of
1130-526: A flexible structure that allows varying degrees of commitment. Many are satisfied with their "independent practice of TM" and don't seek any further involvement with the organization. For many TM practitioners their meditation is "one of many New Age products that they consume." Other practitioners are "dedicated" but are also critical of the organization. Still others, are "highly devoted" and participate in "mass meditations" at Maharishi University of Management, perform administrative activities or engage in
1243-658: A hotel in Asbury Park, New Jersey and a "shuttered" hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. WPEC also "took over" Chicago's Blackstone Hotel via foreclosure in 1995. The Maharishi Global Development Fund (MGDF) purchased the Clarion Hotel in Hartford, Connecticut , US, in 1995 for $ 1.5 million and sold it to Wonder Works Construction in 2011. In 2006 MGDF's assets were listed as $ 192.3 million with $ 51.4 million in income. Maharishi Foundation
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#17330852732651356-510: A lack of credible supporting evidence. Approximately 4,000 people from 82 countries gathered in Washington, DC, and practiced TM for six hours a day from June 7 to July 30. The meditation included " yogic flying ", a technique taught through the TM-Sidhi program in which practitioners engage in a series of hops while seated in the lotus position . Hagelin claimed that there was a local reduction in crime due to this activity. According to Hagelin,
1469-496: A lawsuit in Federal court against The Meditation House LLC for infringement of the foundation's Transcendental Meditation trademark which are licensed to select organizations. The foundation alleges that its "credibility and positive image" are being used to "mislead customers" while the defendant asserts the foundation has an unfair monopoly on an ancient technique. This self described non-political, non-religious, global organization
1582-418: A member of the selection committee, Hagelin's nomination was proposed by another selection-committee member who was a fellow TM practitioner. Chris Anderson , in a 1992 Nature article about Hagelin's first presidential campaign, questioned the value of the award. During his time at CERN, SLAC and MUM, Hagelin worked on supersymmetric extensions of the standard model and grand unification theories. His work on
1695-497: A monastic lifestyle. Likewise the organization has a "loose organisational hierarchy". Transcendental Meditators who participate in group meditations at Maharishi University of Management are referred to as "Citizens of the Age of Enlightenment". Regional leaders and "leading Transcendental Meditators" trained as TM teachers and graduates of the TM-Sidhi program are called "Governors of
1808-454: A multibillion-dollar self-help industry". The TM movement has been described as a "global movement" that utilizes its own international policies and transports its "core members" from country to country. It does not seek to interfere with its member's involvement in their various religions. In 2008, The New York Times , reported that TM's "public interest" had continued to grow in the 1970s" however, some practitioners were discouraged "by
1921-528: A non-profit organization, with its headquarters in Los Angeles. SRMF's articles of incorporation describe the corporate purpose as educational and spiritual. Article 11 of the articles of incorporation read: "this corporation is a religious one. The educational purpose shall be to give instruction in a simple system of meditation". The SRMF corporation was later dissolved. SRM offered TM courses to individuals "specifically interested in personal development in
2034-545: A population (such as a city or country) practices the TM technique daily, their practice influences the quality of life for that population. This has been termed the Maharishi Effect . Transcendental Meditation in education (also known as Consciousness Based Education) is the application of the Transcendental Meditation technique in an educational setting or institution. These educational programs and institutions have been founded in
2147-577: A press conference in Washington, D.C. to announce that the TM movement could end the Kosovo War with yogic flying. He suggested that NATO set up an elite corps of 7,000 yogic flyers at a cost of $ 33 million. In 1990, Hagelin founded Enlightened Audio Designs Corporation (EAD) with Alastair Roxburgh. The company designed and manufactured high-end digital-to-analog converters. EAD was sold in 2001 to Alpha Digital Technologies in Oregon. Hagelin and 12 others founded
2260-403: A professor of physics at Maharishi International University (MIU), and later became the university's president. Hagelin postulates that his extended version of unified field theory is identified with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 's "unified field of consciousness", a view that was rejected by "virtually every theoretical physicist in the world" in 2006. Hagelin stood as a candidate for President of
2373-582: A resort on property owned by NSWLC. The World Plan Executive Council (WPEC) was established in the U.S. as a non-profit educational corporation to guide its Transcendental Meditation movement. Its president was an American and former news reporter named Jerry Jarvis and the Maharishi is reported to have had "no legal, official or paid relationship with WPEC". WPEC was an umbrella organization and operated almost exclusively on revenues generated from TM course fees. It featured corporate trappings such as "computerized mailings, high-speed communications, links, even
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#17330852732652486-614: A satellite television channel (Maharishi Channel). Its products and services have been offered primarily through nonprofit and educational outlets, such as the Global Country of World Peace , and the David Lynch Foundation . The TM movement also operates a worldwide network of Transcendental Meditation teaching centers, schools, universities, health centers, and herbal supplement, solar panel, and home financing companies, plus several TM-centered communities. The global organization
2599-595: A schoolteacher, and Carl William Hagelin, a businessman. He was raised in Connecticut and won a scholarship to the Taft School for boys in Watertown . In July 1970, while at Taft, he was involved in a motorcycle crash that led to a long stay—in a body cast—in the school infirmary. During his time there, he began reading about quantum mechanics but was also introduced to TM by a practitioner, Rick Archer, who had been invited to
2712-459: A special sideband. Maharishi Veda Vision is a satellite broadcast that began in 1998 with three hours of evening programming. Programing expanded to 24 hours a day by 1999. Maharishi Veda Vision was described as India's first religious television channel. The Maharishi Channel Cable Network, owned by Maharishi Satellite Network, was reported to have moved to Ku band digital satellites in 2001. While providing Vedic wisdom in 19 languages, most of
2825-530: A two year "courtroom battle" with preservationist who wanted to block the demolition of the Kollege St. Ludwig building which "was abandoned in 1978" by its previous owners. A three-story, canvas illustration of the intended replacement building was put up on the front side of the building but local government ordered its removal. According to a 2008 report, the MERU Foundation indicated it would consider leaving
2938-422: A well-turned medical and life insurance plan for its employees". WPEC supervised the 375 urban TM centers as well as several failed resorts that were purchased or leased as "forest academies" for in-residence meditation classes and courses. It had $ 40 million in tax exempt revenues from 1970 to 1974 and in 1975 it had $ 12 million in annual revenues but did not employ any outside public relations firm. In 1985,
3051-523: Is a central aspect of the TM-Sidhi program. The TM website says that "research has shown a dramatic and immediate reduction in societal stress, crime, violence, and conflict—and an increase in coherence, positivity, and peace in society as a whole" when the TM-Sidhi program is practiced in groups. This is termed the Maharishi Effect . While empirical studies have been published in peer-reviewed academic journals they have been met with both skepticism and criticism. Skeptics have called TM's associated theories of
3164-460: Is a specific form of mantra meditation developed by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. It is often referred to as Transcendental Meditation or simply, TM. The meditation practice involves the use of a mantra , and is practiced for 15–20 minutes twice per day, while sitting with closed eyes. It is reported to be one of the most widely practiced, and among the most widely researched, meditation techniques, with hundreds of studies published. The technique
3277-489: Is also called "Maharishi Vastu " architecture, "Fortune-Creating" buildings and homes, and "Maharishi Vedic architecture". According to its self-description, the system consists of "precise mathematical formulas, equations, and proportions" for architectural design and construction. MSV has strict rules governing the orientation and proportions of a building. The most important factor is the entrance, which must be either due east or due north. The MSV architect also considers
3390-600: Is an educational and charitable organization active in at least four countries. The Maharishi Foundation's headquarters resided at Mentmore Towers in Buckinghamshire beginning in 1978 and later moved to Skelmersdale , West Lancashire , England. According to its website, Maharishi Foundation is a "registered, educational charity" that was established in Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom in 1975. Its purpose
3503-458: Is another international non-profit organization that offers the TM program to people in industry and business. According to religious scholar Christopher Partridge , "hundreds" of Japanese business' have incorporated the meditation programs offered by Maharishi Corporate Development International including Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd. In 1995 the Fortune Motor Co. of Taiwan reportedly had
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3616-403: Is based on, and described as a natural extension of the Transcendental Meditation technique (TM). The goal of the TM-Sidhi program is to enhance mind-body coordination and to support the "holistic development of consciousness" by training the mind to think from what the Maharishi called a fourth state of consciousness. "Yogic Flying", a mental-physical exercise of hopping while cross-legged,
3729-582: Is made available worldwide by certified TM teachers in a seven step course and fees vary from country to country. Beginning in 1965, the Transcendental Meditation technique has been incorporated into selected schools, universities, corporations and prison programs in the United States, Latin America, Europe, and India. In 1977, the TM technique and the Science of Creative Intelligence were deemed religious activities as taught in two New Jersey public schools. Subsequently
3842-597: Is only available on the Internet. On a webpage last updated August 2009, the channel says it is in the process of obtaining a license from the Indian Government for a satellite uplink and downlink. The International Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence (IFSCI). American versions and additions to these organizations included the Spiritual Regeneration Movement Foundation (SRMF),
3955-458: Is reported to have an estimated net worth of USD 3.5 billion. The TM movement has been called a spiritual movement, a new religious movement , a millenarian movement, a world affirming movement, a new social movement, a guru-centered movement, a personal growth movement, and a cult. TM is practiced by people from a diverse group of religious affiliations. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi began teaching Transcendental Meditation in India in
4068-597: Is to advance public education by offering courses and services for human development including Transcendental Meditation. The foundation is said to promote Consciousness-Based Education and research on Transcendental Meditation by "independent academic institutions" and reported $ 7 million in revenues in 2010. Similar corporations include the Maharishi Foundation Incorporated in New Zealand and Maharishi Foundation U.S.A. Maharishi Foundation purchased
4181-450: The David Lynch Foundation , which promotes TM. Hagelin and the credibility of his work have received criticism throughout the years. Hagelin's former academic peers "ostracized him" for combining science with a "form of Hinduism that doesn't acknowledge its roots". Neuroscientist and meditation researcher David Vago states that all of Hagelin's Maharishi Effect studies are "correlation without causation" and Dennis Roark, former chairman of
4294-665: The Kolleg St. Ludwig campus in 1984 for USD 900,000 and it became the Maharishi European Research University (MERU) campus as well as the Maharishi's movement headquarters and residence. The buildings were old, inefficient, in disrepair and did not meet the Maharishi Sthapatya Veda requirements of an east facing entrance. A 2006 report in the LA Times said the Maharishi's organization has been involved in
4407-556: The Modern Science and Vedic Science journal and books by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, John Hagelin , Tony Nader , Robert Roth, Craig Pearson, Robert Oates, Ashley Deans, and Robert Keith Wallace as well as ancient Sanskrit works by Bādarāyaṇa, Kapila, and Jaimini. In addition their World Plan Television Productions contained a film library and audio and TV production studios, with $ 2 million worth of equipment, which distributed 1,000 videos each month to their TM teaching centers. In 1975,
4520-572: The National Institutes of Health ; Hagelin's report to the committee said that "recombinant DNA technology is inherently risky because of the high probability of unexpected side-effects". Hagelin established the US Peace Government (USPG) in July 2003 as an affiliate of the Global Country of World Peace and served as the latter's minister of science and technology. According to USPG's website,
4633-509: The Natural Law Party (NLP) was a transnational party based on the teachings of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi . The party was founded on the concept that Natural Law is the organizing principle that governs the universe and that the problems of humanity are caused by people violating Natural Law. The NLP supported using scientifically verifiable procedures such as the Transcendental Meditation technique and TM-Sidhi program to reduce or eliminate
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4746-530: The Natural Law Party in April 1992 in Fairfeld, based on the view that problems of governance could be solved more effectively by following "natural law", the organizing principle of the universe. The party platform included preventive health care, sustainable agriculture and renewable energy technologies. Hagelin favored abortion rights without public financing, campaign-finance law reform, more restrictive gun control, and
4859-418: The Transcendental Meditation technique , an advanced meditation practice called the TM-Sidhi program ("Yogic Flying"), an alternative health care program called Maharishi Ayurveda , and a system of building and architecture called Maharishi Sthapatya Ved. The TM movement's past and present media endeavors include a publishing company (MUM Press), a television station ( KSCI ), a radio station ( KHOE ), and
4972-486: The flipped SU(5) heterotic superstring theory is considered one of the more successful unified field theories, or "theories of everything", and was highlighted in 1991 in a cover story in Discover magazine. From 1979 to 1996, Hagelin published over 70 papers about particle physics , electroweak unification , grand unification , supersymmetry and cosmology , most of them in academic scientific journals. He co-authored
5085-428: The flipped SU(5) unified field theory to TM "infuriates his former collaborators", who feared it might taint their own work and requests for funding. John Ellis , then director of CERN's department of theoretical physics—who worked with Hagelin on SU(5)—reportedly asked Hagelin to stop comparing it to TM. Anderson wrote that two-page advertisements containing rows of partial differential equations had been appearing in
5198-672: The 100 resident Mother Divine community for women was also located at the Spiritual Center in Boone, North Carolina as part of an organization called Maharishi Global Administration Through Natural Law. Their daily routine was similar to the Purúsha community and in addition they operated The Heavenly Mountain Ideal Girls' School, a fully accredited North Carolina non-public school for grades 9 through 12. Maharishi International University (MIU) Press
5311-549: The 1980s additional programs aimed at improved health and well-being were developed based on the Maharishi's interpretation of the Vedic traditions. By the late 2000s, TM had been taught to millions of individuals and the Maharishi oversaw a large multinational movement which has continued since his death in 2008. The Maharishi's obituary in the New York Times credited the TM movement as being "a founding influence on what has grown into
5424-747: The 1990s WPEC in the United States became the parent company to an American, for-profit, hotel subsidiary called Heaven on Earth Inns Corp. with Thomas M. Headley as its president. The Heaven on Earth Inns Corp. was reported to have purchased nine US hotels at cut-rate prices that year, including two in Ohio, one in Oklahoma and one in Omaha, Nebraska. The hotels were bought as facilities for TM classes and as income-producing operations for health-conscious travelers who preferred vegetarian meals, alcohol free environments and non-smoking accommodations. The following year WPEC purchased
5537-964: The Age of Enlightenment". There are also "national leaders" and "top officials" of the "World Peace Government" that are called Rajas . Notable practitioners include politicians John Hagelin and Joaquim Chissano ; musicians Donovan , The Beatles , Sky Ferreira , and Mike Love ; celebrities David Lynch , Clint Eastwood , Mia Farrow , Howard Stern , Doug Henning ; and artist Ned Bittinger . Practitioners who became spiritual teachers or self-help authors include Sri Sri Ravi Shankar , Deepak Chopra , John Gray and Barbara De Angelis . TM-initiated celebrities include Gwyneth Paltrow , Ellen DeGeneres , Russell Simmons , Katy Perry , Susan Sarandon , Candy Crowley , Soledad O’Brien , George Stephanopoulos , and Paul McCartney 's grandchildren. As of 2013, Jerry Seinfeld had been practicing TM for over 40 years. Oprah Winfrey and Dr. Oz dedicated an entire show to TM. The Transcendental Meditation technique
5650-704: The Ajeya Bharat Party in India, which elected a legislator to a state assembly, and by the Croatian NLP, which elected a member of a regional assembly in 1993. The party was disbanded in some countries beginning in 2004 but continues in India and in a few U.S. states. Kilby International Awards The Kilby International Awards was an award created by the High Tech Committee of the North Dallas Chamber of Commerce , in 1990 to boost interest in
5763-471: The Bleep Do We Know!? (2004) and The Secret (2006). João Magueijo , professor of theoretical physics at Imperial College London , described What the Bleep Do We Know!? as "horrendously tedious", consisting of deliberate misrepresention of science and "ludicrous extrapolations". Hagelin's first marriage, to Margaret Hagelin, ended in divorce. He married Kara Anastasio , the former vice-chair of
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#17330852732655876-513: The Golden Domes in Fairfield, Iowa , US, an area dubbed "Silicorn Valley" by locals. By 2001, Fairfield's mayor and some city council members were TM practitioners. Just outside the city limits is Maharishi Vedic City . The city's 2010 population of 1,294 includes about 1,000 pandits from India who live on a special campus. The city plan and buildings are based on Maharishi Sthapatya Veda, an ancient system of architecture and design revived by
5989-613: The Hagelin and Buchanan campaigns. In September 2000, the Federal Election Commission ruled that Buchanan was the official candidate of the Reform Party and hence eligible to receive federal election funds. The Reform Party convention that nominated Hagelin was declared invalid. In spite of the ruling, Hagelin remained on several state ballots as the Reform Party nominee because of the independent nature of some state affiliates; he
6102-653: The ISTPP's website, he has met with members of Congress and officials at the Department of State and Department of Defense to discuss terrorism. In 1993, he helped draft a paragraph in Hillary Rodham Clinton 's 10,000-page health care plan ; according to Hagelin, his was the only paragraph that addressed preventive health care. In 1998, the ISTPP testified about germ-line technologies to the DNA Advisory Committee of
6215-549: The Maharishi Development Corporation. In India a number of companies provide the TM technique to their managers. These companies include AirTel , Siemens , American Express , SRF Limited , Wipro , Hero Honda , Ranbaxy , Hewlett-Packard , BHEL , BPL Group , ESPN Star Sports , Tisco , Eveready , Maruti , Godrej Group and Marico . The employees at Marico practice Transcendental Meditation in groups as part of their standard workday. The US branch of
6328-584: The Maharishi Open University's distance learning program, which also has studio facilities at Maharishi Vedic City in Iowa. The Maharishi Channel, which originates in the Netherlands, had a pending request for a downlink to India as of July 2009. According to its website, Ramraj TV is being established in India to introduce Vedic principles and practical programmes to the "World Family". As of August 2010, it
6441-501: The Maharishi and variety shows featuring celebrities who practiced the Transcendental Meditation technique. KSCI's goal was to report "only good news" and seven sister stations were planned including San Francisco, Washington, D.C. and Buffalo, New York. The station manager was Mark Fleischer, the son of Richard Fleischer , a Hollywood director. The Los Angeles location leased $ 95,000 worth of equipment and its highest paid staff member earned $ 6,000 according to tax documents. In 1980
6554-666: The Maharishi via teleconference and engaged in discourse with faculty of Maharishi University of Management . As of 2007, there was also a Purusha community of 59 men in Uttarkashi , India. In 2012 the USA Purusha group moved to a newly constructed campus called the West Virginia Retreat Center, located in Three Churches, West Virginia, US. The campus consists of 10 buildings and 90 males residents plus staff. As of 2002
6667-588: The Maharishi. A community called Sidhadorp was established in the Netherlands in 1979 and reached its completion in 1985. Around the same time Sidhaland, in Skelmersdale UK was established with about 400 TM practitioners, a meditation dome, and a TM school. There is also a housing project in Lelystad, the Netherlands. Hararit ( Hebrew : הֲרָרִית ) is a settlement in Galilee , Israel founded in 1980, as part of
6780-496: The Natural Law Party of Ohio, in 2010. Transcendental Meditation movement The Transcendental Meditation movement (TM) are programs and organizations that promote the Transcendental Meditation technique founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in India in the 1950s. The organization was estimated to have 900,000 participants in 1977, a million by the 1980s, and 5 million in more recent years. Programs include
6893-569: The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States. The Maharishi Ayurvedic Centre in Skelmersdale, UK also offers panchakarma detoxification. Maharishi Sthapatya Veda (MSV) is a set of architectural and planning principles assembled by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi based on "ancient Sanskrit texts" as well as Vastu Shastra , the Hindu science of architecture . Maharishi Sthapatya Veda architecture
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#17330852732657006-452: The SRM Foundation India, board of directors, over control of the foundation's assets, including 12,000 acres of land spread around India. The two factions had accused each other of forging documents and selling land for "personal gains" without the sanction of the entire 12-member board. The two parties petitioned the Indian courts for a stay of all land sales until the Department and the Ministry of Home Affairs could conduct an investigation of
7119-423: The Science of Creative Intelligence and the Maharishi Effect, " pseudoscience ". It is difficult to determine definitive effects of meditation practices in healthcare as the quality of research has design limitations and a lack of methodological rigor . Maharishi Ayurveda , also known as Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health and Maharishi Vedic Medicine is considered an alternative medicine designed as
7232-475: The TM movement created US Peace Government and the Global Country of World Peace to promote evidence-based, sustainable problem-solving and governance policies that align with "natural law". Maharishi Mahesh Yogi appointed Hagelin the "Raja of Invincible America" in November 2007. Hagelin organized the Invincible America Assembly in Fairfield in July 2006. The assembly comprised individuals practicing TM and TM-Sidhi techniques twice daily. Hagelin predicted that as
7345-427: The TM movement's founder, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi , to deliver a " consciousness-based education ". Hagelin's work and research connected to TM has attracted criticism from former colleagues and fellow scientists. In 1981, Hagelin graduated with a Ph.D. in physics from Harvard University and then did several months of post-doctoral research at CERN . He went on to do post-doctoral work at the SLAC . In 1984, he became
7458-452: The TM technique has received some governmental support. The Transcendental Meditation technique has been described as both religious and non religious. The technique has been described in various ways including as an aspect of a New Religious Movement, as rooted in Hinduism, and as a non-religious practice for self development. The public presentation of the TM technique over its 50-year history has been praised for its high visibility in
7571-428: The U.S. media, purporting to show how TM affected distant events. In his book, Not Even Wrong: The Failure of String Theory and The Search for Unity In Physical Law (2007), the physicist Peter Woit wrote that identification of a unified field of consciousness with a unified field of superstring theory was wishful thinking, and that "[v]irtually every theoretical physicist in the world rejects all of this as nonsense and
7684-467: The US and Canada. The Canadian arm bought and renovated the Fleck/Paterson House in Ottawa in 2002, earning the "adaptive use award of excellence" from the City. A subsidiary purchased land to build Maharishi Veda Land theme parks in Orlando, Florida and Niagara Falls, New York. The Dutch arm negotiated with the presidents of Zambia and Mozambique to acquire a quarter of the land in those countries in exchange for solving their problems. Founded in 1992,
7797-461: The United States for the Natural Law Party , a party founded by the TM movement, in the 1992 , 1996 and 2000 elections. He is the author of Manual for a Perfect Government (1998), which sets out how to apply "natural law" to matters of governance. Hagelin is also the president of the David Lynch Foundation , which promotes TM. Hagelin was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , the second of four sons, to Mary Lee Hagelin ( née Stephenson ),
7910-603: The United States ( Maharishi School of the Age of Enlightenment ), England ( Maharishi School ), Australia, South Africa (Maharishi Invincibility School of Management), and India ( Maharishi Vidya Mandir Schools ). Likewise, Maharishi colleges and universities have been established including Maharishi European Research University (Netherlands), Maharishi Institute of Management (India), Maharishi Institute of Management (India), Maharishi University of Management and Technology (India), Maharishi Institute (South Africa) and Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic University (India). In
8023-399: The United States, United Kingdom, Australia, India, Africa and Japan. The Transcendental Meditation technique became popular with students in the 1960s and by the early 1970s centers for the Students International Meditation Society were established at a thousand campuses in the United States, with similar growth occurring in Germany, Canada and Britain. The Maharishi International University
8136-468: The United States, critics have called Transcendental Meditation a revised form of Eastern, religious philosophy and opposed its use in public schools while a member of the Pacific Justice Institute says practicing Transcendental Meditation in public schools with private funding is constitutional. The TM-Sidhi program is a form of meditation introduced by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi in 1975. It
8249-564: The World Plan Executive Council which was established to serve as a guide for the movement there and the American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence, for people in business and education. Active international organizations include the International Meditation Society, Maharishi Foundation, Global Country of World Peace and the David Lynch Foundation . In 2007, the organization's "worldwide network"
8362-580: The alleged improprieties. The newspaper went on to report that only four years after the Maharishi's death, his Indian legacy was "in tatters". In 1959 the Maharishi went to England and established the British arm of the International Meditation Society with an additional office in San Francisco California, US. The International Meditation Society was founded in the U.S. in 1961 to offer both beginning and advanced courses in Transcendental Meditation to
8475-660: The analysis was examined by an "independent review board", although all members of the board were TM practitioners. Robert L. Park , research professor and former chair of the physics department at the University of Maryland, called the study a "clinic in data distortion". In 1994, a science satire magazine, Annals of Improbable Research , "awarded" Hagelin the Ig Nobel Prize for Peace, "for his experimental conclusion that 4,000 trained meditators caused an 18 percent decrease in violent crime in Washington, D.C." In 1999, Hagelin held
8588-470: The big bang", had been cited over 500 times by 2007. In the summer of 1993, Hagelin directed a project aimed at demonstrating what TM practitioners call the Maharishi effect , the purported ability of a large group to affect the behavior of others by practising TM. The TM movement believes that one tenth of the square root of the population of a country meditating can bring about peace. However, critics point to
8701-502: The channel's programming was in Hindi and was intended for the worldwide non-resident Indian population. By 2002 the channel was carried on eight satellites serving 26 countries. The channel had no advertisements, depending on a "huge network of organisations, products and services" for support. In 2005, the channel was among several religious channels vying to get space on DD Direct+ . Additional channels are broadcast over satellite as part of
8814-399: The claims of fraud and negligent infliction of physical and psychological injuries to a jury trial. The jury awarded Kropinski $ 137,890 in the fraud and negligence claims. The appellate court overturned the award and dismissed Kropinski's claim alleging psychological damage. The claim of fraud and the claim of a physical injury related to his practice of the TM-Sidhi program were remanded to
8927-567: The community each year. Maharishi Heaven on Earth Development Corp. (MHOED) is a for-profit real estate developer associated with Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and his Transcendental Meditation movement. First founded in Malibu California in 1988, it has sought to build utopian projects in the U.S., Canada, and Africa with a long-term goal to "reconstruct the entire world", at an estimated cost of $ 100 trillion. The US arm planned to work with developers to build 50 "Maharishi Cities of Immortals" in
9040-510: The context of a spiritual, holistic approach to knowledge". SRM addressed a smaller and older segment of the population as compared with subsequent organizations such as the International Meditation Society and the Students International Meditation Society. According to British author Una Kroll , SRM was not a community and in the early 1970s the organization "cast off its semi-religious clothing and pursued science in
9153-539: The first president of Maharishi International University . In the 1970s, SIMS centers were established at "over one thousand campuses" in the United States, and similar growth occurred in Germany, Canada and Britain. Transcendental Meditation has been utilized in corporations, both in the United States and in India, under the auspices of the International Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence and
9266-493: The general public. As of 2007 it was still an active organization in Israel. The Students International Meditation Society (SIMS) was first established in Germany in 1964. A United States chapter was created in 1965 and offered courses to students and the youth of society. The UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) chapter of SIMS, which had 1,000 members, was founded by Peter Wallace and his brother Robert Keith Wallace,
9379-460: The late 1950s. The Maharishi began a series of world tours in 1958 to promote his meditation technique. The resulting publicity generated by the Maharishi, the celebrities who learned the technique and the scientific research into its effect, helped popularize the technique in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1970s the Maharishi introduced advanced meditative techniques and his movement grew to encompass TM programs for schools, universities and prisons. In
9492-450: The laws of physics. If, as Ms. Hendel alleges, she was told that meditators would slowly rise in the air, and that some of them were 'flying over Lake Lucern' or 'walking through walls, hovering, and becoming invisible,' and that her failure to go to bed on time could bring about World War III, then a reasonable person would surely have noticed, at some time prior to September 1, 1986, that some of these representations might not be true." In
9605-670: The lower court for retrial. Kropinski, Green, Ryan and the defendants settled the remaining claims out of court on undisclosed terms. The remaining suit by Hendel, not included in the settlement, was later dismissed because the claims were barred by the statute of limitations. In affirming the dismissal, the Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit held that Hendel's claims were time-barred under the discovery rule because "...the defendants made representations which any reasonable person would recognize as being contrary to common human experience and, indeed, to
9718-464: The mass media and effective global propagation, and criticized for using celebrity and scientific endorsements as a marketing tool. Advanced courses supplement the TM technique and include an advanced meditation called the TM-Sidhi program. In 1970, the Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI) became the theoretical basis for the Transcendental Meditation technique, although skeptics questioned its scientific nature. According to proponents, when 1 percent of
9831-579: The new building constructed in 1997 and 164 flagpoles carried the flags of the world nations "like a meditation-based United Nations." Local authorities later limited the use of floodlights and required removal of the flagpoles. Tony Nader was crowned Maharaja Raja Raam there in 2001, and it became a "capital" of the Global Country of World Peace. By 2006, the campus had 50 residents and had been visited by John Hagelin and Doug Henning in prior years. In November 2011 Maharishi Foundation USA filed
9944-670: The number of Yogic flyers increased towards 3500, "[p]eace and prosperity will reign [in America], and violence and conflict will subside completely". In July 2007, he said that the assembly was responsible for the Dow Jones Industrial Average reaching a record high of 14,022 and predicted that it would top 17,000 within a year. Hagelin is also president of the Global Union of Scientists for Peace, an organization of scientists opposed to nuclear proliferation and war, and president of
10057-595: The organization is called the American Foundation for the Science of Creative Intelligence (AFSCI) and as of 1975 it had conducted TM courses at General Foods , AT&T Corporation Connecticut General Life Insurance Company and Blue Cross/Blue Shield . As of 2001, US companies such as General Motors and IBM were subsidizing the TM course fee for their employees. The organization has been described as one of several "holistic health groups" that attempted to incorporate elements of psychology and spirituality into healthcare. The Maharishi Corporate Development Program
10170-463: The organization's promotion of ....Yogic Flying." The organization was estimated to have 900,000 participants worldwide in 1977 according to new religious movement scholars Stark, Bainbridge and Sims. That year the TM movement said there were 394 TM centers in the U.S., that about half of the 8,000 trained TM teachers were still active, and that one million Americans had been taught the technique. The movement
10283-473: The physics department at MIU, derided Hagelin's research as "crackpot science". In 1994, Hagelin was award the satirical Ig Nobel Prize for his experiment of yogic flyers and crime rate as the "silliest scientific studies of the year". In a 1992 news article for Nature about Hagelin's first presidential campaign, Chris Anderson wrote that Hagelin was "by all accounts a gifted scientist, well-known and respected by his colleagues", but that his effort to link
10396-472: The physics department. Two of Hagelin's previous collaborators, Dimitri Nanopoulos and John Ellis , were uncomfortable with his move to MIU, but they continued to work with him. While at MIU, Hagelin received funding from the National Science Foundation . Hagelin became a trustee of MUM and, in 2016, its president. It was intended that he become president of Maharishi Central University, which
10509-485: The problems in society. The party was active in up to 74 countries and ran candidates in many countries including the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Israel, and Taiwan. Two of the most prominent candidates were John Hagelin , who campaigned for U.S. president in 1992, 1996 and 2004, and magician Doug Henning who ran for office in England. Electoral successes were achieved by
10622-492: The program itself". Since 1979, schools that incorporate the Transcendental Meditation technique using private, non-governmental funding have been reported in the United States, South America, Southeast Asia, Northern Ireland, South Africa and Israel. A number of educational institutions have been founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, the Transcendental Meditation movement and its supporters. These institutions include several schools offering public and private secondary education in
10735-455: The residents have been TM meditators. Purusha and Mother Divine are the names of gender specific communities who lead a lifestyle of celibacy and meditation. Some residents have been part of the community for 20 years or more. In 1990 the Purusha community consisted of 200 men who conducted "administrative and promotional details" for the Maharishi's worldwide organization. The Purusha group
10848-465: The school to talk about the meditation form. After Taft, Hagelin attended Dartmouth College . At the end of his freshman year, he studied TM in Vittel , France, and returned as a qualified TM teacher. In 1975, he obtained his A.B. in physics with highest honors ( summa cum laude ) from Dartmouth. He went on to study physics at Harvard University under Howard Georgi , earning a master's degree in 1976 and
10961-401: The site if permission to demolish the old building was not granted. In 2015, the old buildings were removed completely. By 1996, it was referred to as the "Maharishi Continental Capital of the Age of Enlightenment for Europe". In 1998, the overall redevelopment plan for the location was budgeted at USD 50 million. Aerial photographs show the development of the site. Floodlights illuminated
11074-429: The slope and shape of the lot, exposure to the rising sun, location of nearby bodies of water and the other buildings or activities in the nearby environment. MSV emphasizes the use of natural or "green" building materials. The TM movement's aspiration is to have global reconstruction to create east-facing entrances, at an estimated cost of $ 300 trillion. About 3,000 TM practitioners are estimated to live near MUM and
11187-619: The spiritual goals of mankind in this generation. It provided courses in the Transcendental Meditation technique and other related programs. It was founded in Italy in 1972 and by 1992 had organized twenty-five TM centers with thirty-five thousand participants in that country. In 1998 the World Plan Executive Council Australia (WPECA) sought the approval of the New South Wales Labor Council (NSWLC) to allow
11300-511: The station switched to for-profit status and earned $ 1 million on revenues of $ 8 million in 1985. In November, owners of the KSCI TV station loaned $ 350,000 to Maharishi International University in Iowa. As of June 1986 the station's content consisted of "a hodgepodge of programming in 14 languages" that was broadcast on both cable and UHF in Southern California. In October, the station
11413-554: The television station called channel 18 became KSCI and began production from a studio in West Los Angeles, while still licensed in San Bernardino. The station became a non-profit owned by the Transcendental Meditation movement and the call letters stood for Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's theoretical "Science of Creative Intelligence". The station broadcast began with 56 hours per week of "uplifting" news stories, prerecorded lectures by
11526-680: The vote in Jefferson County , where MIU is located), and 113,659 votes from 43 states in 1996 (21 percent in Jefferson County). Hagelin ran for president again in 2000 , nominated both by the NLP and by the Perot wing of the Reform Party , which disputed the nomination of Pat Buchanan . Hagelin's running mate was Nat Goldhaber . A dispute over the Reform Party's nomination generated legal action between
11639-402: The work of a crackpot". Philosopher Evan Fales and sociologist Barry Markovsky remarked that, because no such phenomena have been validated, Hagelin's "far-fetched explanation lacks purpose". They went on to say that the parallels Hagelin highlighted rest on ambiguity, obscurity and vague analogy, supported by the construction of arbitrary similarities. Hagelin was featured in the movies What
11752-702: Was also the national nominee of the Natural Law Party, and in New York was the Independence Party nominee. He received 83,714 votes from 39 states. During the 2004 primary elections , Hagelin endorsed Democratic candidate Dennis Kucinich , and in April that year the Executive Committee of the NLP dissolved the NLP as a national organization. Hagelin is the director of the Institute of Science, Technology and Public Policy (ISTPP), an MIU think tank . According to
11865-588: Was established in 1973 in the United States and began offering accredited, degree programs. In 1977 courses in Transcendental Meditation and the Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI) were legally prohibited from New Jersey (US) public high schools on religious grounds by virtue of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment . This "dismantled" the TM program's use of government funding in U.S. public schools but did not render "a negative evaluation of
11978-574: Was formed in 1976 by the Maharishi As of 1985 the World Government of the Age of Enlightenment was administrated by its president, Thomas A. Headly. Its purpose was to teach the Science of Creative Intelligence and the Transcendental Meditation and TM-Sidhi programs and to accomplish the seven goals of the World Plan. In addition, the organization gave Maharishi Awards to several outstanding members of
12091-623: Was founded in the 1970s and operated a full-scale printing operation to publish the organization's brochures and literature for the United States. The Press employed four printing presses and 55 employees and was located at the Academy for the Science of Creative Intelligence in Livingston Manor, New York. MIU Press later became Maharishi University of Management (MUM) Press. MUM Press published books, academic papers, audio and video recordings and other educational materials. These materials include
12204-489: Was originally located at the Spiritual Center of America in Boone, North Carolina, US. As of 2002 there were 300 male residents whose daily routine consisted of meditation from 7 am to 11:30 am and another group meditation in the evening. The rest of the day was taken up by lunch, educational presentations, fundraising and work for "non-profit entities associated with the Spiritual Center". The residents also read Vedic literature, studied Sanskrit, received monthly instruction from
12317-542: Was purchased by its general manager and an investor for $ 40.5 million. KHOE , is a low-power, non-profit radio station belonging to Maharishi University of Management (MUM), which began broadcasting in 1994. The station features music and educational entertainment from around the globe including American music and cultural and ethnic programming. MUM's international students present music, poetry and literature from their native countries. KHOE also broadcasts classical Indian (Maharishi Ghandarva Veda) music 24 hours per day on
12430-447: Was reported to be primarily financed through courses in the Transcendental Meditation technique with additional income from donations and real estate assets. Valuations for the organization are US$ 300 million in the United States and $ 3.5 billion worldwide. The Spiritual Regeneration Movement was established in India in 1958 and the Spiritual Regeneration Movement Foundation (SRMF) was incorporated in California, US, in July 1959 as
12543-531: Was reported to have a million participants by the 1980s, and modern day estimates range between four and ten million practitioners worldwide. As of 1998, the country with the largest percentage of TM practitioners was Israel, where 50,000 people had learned the technique since its introduction in the 1960s, according members of the TM movement. In 2008, the Belfast Telegraph reported that an estimated 200,000 Britons practiced TM. The TM movement has
12656-411: Was taken from the Maharishi's "world plan", which aimed to develop the full potential of the individual; improve governmental achievements; realize the highest ideal of education; eliminate the problems of crime and all behavior that brings unhappiness to the family of man; maximize the intelligent use of the environment; bring fulfillment to the economic aspirations of individuals and society; and achieve
12769-536: Was under construction in Smith Center , Kansas, until early 2008, when, according to Hagelin, the project was put on hold while the TM organization dealt with the death of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. In 1992, Hagelin received a Kilby International Award from the North Dallas Chamber of Commerce "for his promising work in particle physics in the development of supersymmetric grand unified field theory". According to
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