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80-578: USS Whitehead , a screw steamer built in 1861 at New Brunswick, New Jersey , served as a gunboat in the United States Navy during the American Civil War . Whitehead was purchased by the Navy on 17 October 1861 at New York City from D. B. Martin, and commissioned on 19 November 1861, Acting Master Charles A. French in command. The following day, Whitehead reached Hampton Roads and joined

160-627: A Federal assault upon Confederate forces gathered at Franklin, Virginia . On 3 October, Commodore Perry , Hunchback and Whitehead entered the Blackwater River and fired on Rebel troops for over six hours before a barricade placed across the channel necessitated retreat. One of Whitehead 's sailors, Ordinary Seaman Edwin Smith , was awarded the Medal of Honor for his actions during this engagement. Whitehead soon returned to Pamlico Sound but

240-662: A building (now known as Alexander Johnston Hall ) across College Avenue from Old Queens. After Rutgers University became the state university of New Jersey in 1945, the Trustees of Rutgers divested itself of Rutgers Preparatory School, which relocated in 1957 to an estate purchased from Colgate-Palmolive in Franklin Township in neighboring Somerset County . The New Brunswick Theological Seminary , founded in 1784 in New York , moved to New Brunswick in 1810, sharing its quarters with

320-706: A city in 1784. It was incorporated into a town in 1798 as part of the Township Act of 1798 . It was occupied by the British in the winter of 1776–1777 during the Revolutionary War . The Declaration of Independence received one of its first public readings, by Colonel John Neilson in New Brunswick on July 9, 1776, in the days following its promulgation by the Continental Congress . A bronze statue marking

400-613: A committee of white residents who were charged with rounding up and detaining free African Americans who appeared to be out of place according to white authorities. New Brunswick became a notorious city for slave hunters, who sought to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 . Strategically located on the Raritan River, the city was also a vital hub for New Jersey's Underground Railroad . For runaway slaves in New Jersey, it served as

480-416: A favorable route for those heading to New York and Canada. When African Americans tried to escape either to or from New Brunswick, they had a high likelihood of getting discovered and captured and sent to New Brunswick's jail, which was located on Prince Street, which by now is renamed Bayard Street. New Brunswick has been described as the nation's "most Hungarian city", with Hungarian immigrants arriving in

560-443: A female householder with no husband present and 45.1% were non-families. Of all households, 25.8% were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.36 and the average family size was 3.91. 21.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 33.2% from 18 to 24, 28.4% from 25 to 44, 12.2% from 45 to 64, and 5.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

640-504: A growing community of free people of color. The 1810 United States Census listed 53 free Blacks and 164 slaves in New Brunswick. By the 1810s, some free African Americans lived in a section of the city called Halfpenny Town, which was located along the Raritan River by the east side of the city, near Queen (now Neilson) Street. Halfpenny Town was a place populated by free blacks as well as poorer whites who did not own slaves. This place

720-616: A hub for newspaper production and distribution. The Fredonian , a popular newspaper, was located less than a block away from the aforementioned Market-House and helped facilitate commercial transactions. A prominent part of the local newspapers were sections dedicated to private owners who would advertise their slaves for sale. The trend of advertising slave sales in newspapers shows that the New Brunswick residents typically preferred selling and buying slaves privately and individually rather than in large groups. The majority of individual advertisements were for female slaves, and their average age at

800-592: A meeting every month, mostly in the homes of free blacks. Sometimes these meetings were held at the First Presbyterian Church. Originally intended to provide financial support for the African School of New Brunswick, the African Association grew into a space where blacks could congregate and share ideas on a variety of topics such as religion, abolition and colonization. Slaves were required to obtain

880-443: A new world headquarters building in the area between Albany Street, Amtrak's Northeast Corridor, Route 18, and George Street, requiring many old buildings and historic roads to be removed. The Hiram Market area, a historic district that by the 1970s had become a mostly Puerto Rican and Dominican-American neighborhood, was demolished to build a Hyatt hotel and conference center, and upscale housing. Johnson & Johnson guaranteed

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960-410: A pass from their owner in order to attend these meetings. The African Association worked closely with Whites and was generally favored amongst White residents who believed it would bring more racial peace and harmony to New Brunswick. The African Association of New Brunswick established the African School in 1822. The African School was first hosted in the home of Caesar Rappleyea in 1823. The school

1040-478: A plot of land on Division Street for the purpose of erecting a church building. This was the first African American church in Middlesex County. The church had approximately 30 members in its early years. The church is still in operation and is currently located at 39 Hildebrand Way. The street Hildebrand Way is named after the late Rev. Henry Alphonso Hildebrand, who was pastor of Mount Zion AME for 37 years, which

1120-461: A reduced 3.3125% sales tax rate (half of the 6 + 5 ⁄ 8 % rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants. Established in December 2004, the city's Urban Enterprise Zone status expires in December 2024. The New Brunswick Performing Arts Center opened 2019. Three neighboring professional venues, Crossroads Theatre designed by Parsons+Fernandez-Casteleiro Architects from New York. In 1999,

1200-543: A tavern called the 'Sign of the Red Lion' on the corner of Albany and Neilson Streets (now the grounds of the Johnson & Johnson corporate headquarters); Leydt would become the university's first graduate in 1774 when he was the only member of the graduating class. The Sign of the Red Lion was purchased on behalf of Queens College in 1771, and later sold to the estate of Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh in 1791. Classes were held through

1280-607: Is bordered by the municipalities of Piscataway, Highland Park and Edison across the Raritan River to the north by way of the Donald and Morris Goodkind Bridges , and also by North Brunswick to the southwest, East Brunswick to the southeast, all in Middlesex County; and by Franklin Township in Somerset County . While the city does not hold elections based on a ward system it has been so divided. There are several neighborhoods in

1360-564: Is known as both the Hub City and the Healthcare City . The corporate headquarters and production facilities of several global pharmaceutical companies are situated in the city, including Johnson & Johnson and Bristol Myers Squibb . New Brunswick has evolved into a major center for the sciences, arts, and cultural activities . Downtown New Brunswick is developing a growing skyline , filling in with new high-rise towers . New Brunswick

1440-568: Is noted for its ethnic diversity . At one time, one-quarter of the Hungarian population of New Jersey resided in the city, and in the 1930s one out of three city residents was Hungarian. The Hungarian community continues as a cohesive community, with the 3,200 Hungarian residents accounting for 8% of the population of New Brunswick in 1992. Growing Asian and Hispanic communities have developed around French Street near Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital. The area around present-day New Brunswick

1520-582: Is self-identified as Hispanic, the 14th highest percentage among municipalities in New Jersey. Since the 1960s, many of the new residents of New Brunswick have come from Latin America. Many citizens moved from Puerto Rico in the 1970s. In the 1980s, many immigrated from the Dominican Republic, and still later from Guatemala, Honduras, Ecuador and Mexico. New Brunswick is one of nine cities in New Jersey designated as eligible for Urban Transit Hub Tax Credits by

1600-529: Is the longest appointment received by a pastor at Mount Zion AME. Records from the April 1828 census, conducted by the New Brunswick Common Council, state that New Brunswick was populated with 4,435 white residents and 374 free African Americans. The enslaved population of New Brunswick in 1828 consisted of 57 slaves who must serve for life and 127 slaves eligible for emancipation at age 21 or 25 due to

1680-558: The Gradual Abolition of Slavery in 1804. Under the provisions of this law, children born to enslaved women after July 4, 1804, would serve their master for a term of 21 years (for girls) or a term of 25 years (for boys), and after this term, they would gain their freedom. However, all individuals who were enslaved before July 4, 1804, would continue to be slaves for life and would never attain freedom under this law. New Brunswick continued to be home to enslaved African Americans alongside

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1760-516: The New Brunswick Public Schools , focused on health sciences . Portions of the city are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone (UEZ), one of 32 zones covering 37 municipalities statewide. New Brunswick was selected in 2004 as one of two zones added to participate in the program. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment and investment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of

1840-465: The New Jersey Legislature on September 1, 1784. The existence of an African American community in New Brunswick dates back to the 18th century, when racial slavery was a part of life in the city and the surrounding area. Local slaveholders routinely bought and sold African American children, women, and men in New Brunswick in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth century. In this period,

1920-567: The New York metropolitan area . New Brunswick is on the Northeast Corridor rail line , 27 miles (43 km) southwest of Manhattan . The city is located on the southern banks of the Raritan River in the heart of the Raritan Valley region. As of the 2020 United States census , the city's population was 55,266, an increase of 85 (+0.2%) from the 2010 census count of 55,181, which in turn reflected an increase of 6,608 (+13.6%) from

2000-597: The North Atlantic Blockading Squadron . She sailed for the North Carolina coast on 28 December 1861 and arrived at Hatteras Inlet on 4 January 1862. During the next few months, the steamer Whitehead carried out extensive operations against Confederate vessels and shore installations in the sounds and rivers of North Carolina. On 7–8 February, she helped to capture Roanoke Island . On 10 February, Whitehead took schooner M. C. Etheridge on

2080-652: The Pasquotank River on 14 August 1863 and destroyed a Confederate corn mill on the Roanoke River on 22 February 1864. On 1–2 March 1864, Whitehead and Southfield sailed up the Chowan River and freed USS Bombshell from her encirclement by Confederate shore batteries. Whitehead encountered the formidable Confederate ram CSS Albemarle on three occasions. In the early morning hours of 19 April 1864, Ceres , Miami , Southfield and Whitehead engaged

2160-772: The Pasquotank River . On 10 April, she made prizes of schooners Comet and J. J. Crittendon and of sloop America in Newbegun Creek. Together with the John L. Lockwood , General Putnam , and Shawsheen , Whitehead blocked the mouth of the Albemarle and Chesapeake Canal with fill on 23–24 April. She captured schooner Eugenia in Bennett's Creek on 20 May and took Ella D off Keel's Creek two days later. Late in September, Whitehead briefly left North Carolina waters to participate in

2240-664: The Union garrison at Plymouth . Robert Hoke , commander of a Confederate Army in North Carolina, encouraged by his success at Plymouth attempted to retake New Bern which had been in Union control since early in 1862. For his proposed attack on New Bern Hoke again turned to the aid of Albemarle , which had been a decisive factor in the Battle of Plymouth . James W. Cooke , commander of Albemarle sailed out of Plymouth in early May 1864, along with

2320-526: The United States Census Bureau , the city had a total area of 5.75 square miles (14.9 km ), including 5.23 square miles (13.5 km ) of land and 0.52 square miles (1.3 km ) of water (9.06%). New Brunswick is on the south side of Raritan Valley along with Piscataway , Highland Park , Edison , and Franklin Township . New Brunswick lies southwest of Newark and New York City and northeast of Trenton and Philadelphia. New Brunswick

2400-404: The sidewheeler managed to round the ironclad's armored bow. She was closely followed by Sassacus , which then fired a broadside of solid 9 in (229 mm) and 100-pound shot, all of which bounced off Albemarle ' s casemate armor. However, Bombshell , being a softer target, was hulled by each heavy shot from Sassucus ' s broadside and surrendered. Cotton Plant withdrew back up

2480-596: The 1804 Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery. Free and enslaved African Americans accounted for 11% of New Brunswick's population in 1828, a relatively high percentage for New Jersey. By comparison, as of the 1830 United States Census , African Americans made up approximately 6.4% of the total population of New Jersey. In 1824, the New Brunswick Common Council adopted a curfew for free people of color. Free African Americans were not allowed to be out after 10 pm on Saturday night. The Common Council also appointed

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2560-403: The 48,573 counted in the 2000 census . The Census Bureau 's Population Estimates Program calculated a population of 55,846 for 2023, making it the 719th-most populous municipality in the nation. Due to the concentration of medical facilities in the area, including Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital and medical school , and Saint Peter's University Hospital , New Brunswick

2640-537: The American Revolution in various taverns and boarding houses, and at a building known as College Hall on George Street, until Old Queens was completed and opened in 1811. It remains the oldest building on the Rutgers University campus. The Queen's College Grammar School (now Rutgers Preparatory School ) was established also in 1766, and shared facilities with the college until 1830, when it located in

2720-544: The Association which made some slave owners feel safe sending their slaves there by using a permission slip process. The main belief of these White supporters was that Blacks were still unfit for American citizenship and residence, and some trustees were connected with the American Colonization Society that advocated for the migration of free African Americans to Africa. The White trustees only attended some of

2800-619: The Chowan River on 28 July 1864, capturing steamer Arrow and a large quantity of cotton and tobacco on 29 July at Gatesville, North Carolina . Whitehead proceeded to the Norfolk Navy Yard for repairs on 20 August 1864. She completed these in time for her to participate in the recapture of Plymouth on 31 October 1864. For the closing months of the Civil War, Whitehead , but for occasional runs to Norfolk, Virginia for supplies, patrolled

2880-483: The Confederate ships were spotted, Mattabasett , Sassucus , Whitehead and Wyalusing immediately formed a line of battle supported by Miami , Commodore Hull and Ceres . Albemarle opened fire first, wounding six men working one of Mattabesett ' s two 100-pounder Parrott rifles . Mattabesset , Whitehead and Wyalusing opened fire almost simultaneously. Albemarle then attempted to ram Mattabesett , but

2960-562: The Crossroads Theatre won the prestigious Tony Award for Outstanding Regional Theatre. Crossroads is the first African American theater to receive this honor in the 33-year history of this special award category. George Street Playhouse (founded in 1974) and the State Theatre (constructed in 1921 for vaudeville and silent films) also form the heart of the local theatre scene. Crossroad Theatre houses American Repertory Ballet and

3040-558: The Market-House was the center of commercial life in the city. It was located at the corner of Hiram Street and Queen Street (now Neilson Street) adjacent to the Raritan Wharf. The site was a place where residents of New Brunswick sold and traded their goods which made it an integral part of the city's economy. The Market-House also served as a site for regular slave auctions and sales. By the late-eighteenth century, New Brunswick became

3120-469: The Princeton Ballet School . Rutgers University has student-run companies such as Cabaret Theatre, The Livingston Theatre Company, and College Avenue Players which perform everything from musicals to dramatic plays to sketch comedy. New Brunswick Today is a print and digital publication launched in 2011 by Rutgers journalism alumnus Charlie Kratovil which uses the tagline "Independent news for

3200-475: The Roanoke, and Albemarle continued the fight alone. Smith, despite an advantage in numbers, could do little damage to the single Confederate ship. Shots glanced off Albemarle ' s sides. Lieutenant Commander Francis Asbury Roe of Sassucus , seeing Albemarle at a range of about 400 yards (370 m), decided to ram. The Union ship struck the Confederate ironclad full and square, broadside-on, shattering

3280-460: The beginning of the new millennium, a number of high-rise residential buildings have been added to the city's skyline . clustered around the New Brunswick station have joined those built in the 1960s on the city's skyline. Of the 16 buildings over 150 feet (46 m), nine of them were built in the 21st century; several others are approved or proposed. I. M. Pei (est) According to

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3360-514: The borough was $ 16,395 (+/− $ 979). About 15.5% of families and 25.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 25.4% of those under age 18 and 16.9% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2000 United States census , there were 48,573 people, 13,057 households, and 7,207 families residing in the city. The population density was 9,293.5 inhabitants per square mile (3,588.2/km ). There were 13,893 housing units at an average density of 2,658.1 per square mile (1,026.3/km ). The racial makeup of

3440-514: The captured steamer CSS Bombshell and the transport CSS Cotton Plant . Steaming south toward New Bern, Cooke ran into a Union fleet at the mouth of Albemarle Sound , commanded by Captain Melancton Smith . This fleet consisted of the double-ender gunboats USS Mattabasett , USS Sassacus , USS Wyalusing and USS Miami , the converted ferryboat USS Commodore Hull , USS Ceres , USS Whitehead and USS Isaac N. Seymour . When

3520-516: The city also testify to its Hungarian heritage. There is a street and a park named after Lajos Kossuth , one of the leaders of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . The corner of Somerset Street and Plum Street is named Mindszenty Square where the first ever statue of Cardinal József Mindszenty was erected. A stone memorial to the victims of the 1956 Hungarian Revolution stands nearby. In the 2010 Census, about 50% of New Brunswick's population

3600-537: The city as early as 1888 and accounting for almost 20% of the city's population in 1915. Hungarians were primarily attracted to the city by employment at Johnson & Johnson factories located in the city. Hungarians settled mainly in what today is the Fifth Ward and businesses were established to serve the needs of the Hungarian community that weren't being met by mainstream businesses. The immigrant population grew until

3680-492: The city gets its name from King George II of Great Britain , the Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg . Centrally located between New York City and Philadelphia along an early thoroughfare known as the King's Highway and situated along the Raritan River , New Brunswick became an important hub for Colonial travelers and traders. New Brunswick was incorporated as a town in 1736 and chartered as

3760-817: The city held on Somerset Street on the first Saturday of June each year; the 44th annual event was held in 2019. Many Hungarian institutions set up by the community remain and are active in the neighborhood, including: Magyar Reformed Church, Ascension Lutheran Church, St. Ladislaus Roman Catholic Church, St. Joseph Byzantine Catholic Church, Hungarian American Athletic Club, Aprokfalva Montessori Preschool, Széchenyi Hungarian Community School & Kindergarten, Teleki Pál Scout Home, Hungarian American Foundation, Vers Hangja, Hungarian Poetry Group, Bolyai Lecture Series on Arts and Sciences, Hungarian Alumni Association, Hungarian Radio Program, Hungarian Civic Association, Committee of Hungarian Churches and Organizations of New Brunswick, and Csűrdöngölő Folk Dance Ensemble. Several landmarks in

3840-646: The city of Braunschweig ( Brunswick in Low German ), in the state of Lower Saxony , now located in Germany . Braunschweig was an influential and powerful city in the Hanseatic League and was an administrative seat for the Duchy of Hanover. Shortly after the first settlement of New Brunswick in colonial New Jersey, George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Elector of Hanover, became King George I of Great Britain . Alternatively,

3920-437: The city was $ 36,080, and the median income for a family was $ 38,222. Males had a median income of $ 25,657 versus $ 23,604 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 14,308. 27.0% of the population and 16.9% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 25.9% were under the age of 18 and 13.8% were 65 or older. City Hall has promoted the nickname "The Health Care City" to reflect

4000-561: The city was 51.7% White , 24.5% African American , 1.2% Native American , 5.9% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 21.0% from other races , and 4.2% from two or more races. 39.01% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 13,057 households, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 29.6% were married couples living together, 18.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 44.8% were non-families. 24.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.4% had someone living alone who

4080-606: The city, which include the Fifth Ward, Feaster Park , Lincoln Park , Raritan Gardens , and Edgebrook - Westons Mills . Under the Köppen climate classification , New Brunswick falls within either a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) if the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm is used or a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) if the −3 °C (27 °F) isotherm is used. New Brunswick has humid, hot summers and moderately cold winters with moderate to considerable rainfall throughout

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4160-415: The city. Both work with Devco in a public–private partnership to redevelop downtown, particularly regarding transit-oriented development . Boraie Development, a real estate development firm based in New Brunswick, has developed projects using the incentives provided by Devco and the state. Christ Church , originally built in 1742, was the tallest building at the time of construction. A steeple

4240-524: The end of the immigration boom in the early 20th century. During the Cold War , the community was revitalized by the decision to process the tens of thousands refugees who came to the United States from the failed 1956 Hungarian Revolution at Camp Kilmer , in nearby Edison . Even though the Hungarian population has been largely supplanted by newer immigrants, there continues to be a Hungarian Festival in

4320-600: The event was dedicated on July 9, 2017, in Monument Square, in front of the Heldrich Hotel. The Trustees of Queen's College (now Rutgers University ), founded in 1766, voted by a margin of ten to seven in 1771 to locate the young college in New Brunswick, selecting the city over Hackensack , in Bergen County, New Jersey . Classes began in 1771 with one instructor, one sophomore, Matthew Leydt , and several freshmen at

4400-403: The fledgling Queen's College. (Queen's closed from 1810 to 1825 due to financial problems, and reopened in 1825 as Rutgers College.) The Seminary, due to overcrowding and differences over the mission of Rutgers College as a secular institution, moved to a tract of land covering 7 acres (2.8 ha) located less than 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) to the west, which it still occupies, although

4480-467: The greater New Brunswick community". The publication has covered issues with the city's water utility among others and was featured on Full Frontal with Samantha Bee . New Jersey alt-weeklies The Aquarian Weekly and NJ Indy cover music and arts in New Brunswick. Battle of Albemarle Sound In April 1864, a Confederate Army, with the aid of the CSS Albemarle , forced the surrender of

4560-433: The importance of the healthcare industry to its economy. The city is home to the world headquarters of Johnson & Johnson , along with several medical teaching and research institutions. Described as the first magnet secondary school program teaching directly affiliated with a teaching hospital and a medical school, New Brunswick Health Sciences Technology High School is a public high school, that operates as part of

4640-692: The inland waters of North Carolina. She was decommissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 29 June 1865 and was sold at public auction there on 10 August 1865. Re-documented as Nevada on 7 October 1865, the steamer remained in mercantile service until she was destroyed by fire on 1 September 1872 at New London, Connecticut . [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships . The entry can be found here . New Brunswick, New Jersey If I had to fall I wish it had been on

4720-472: The investment made by Hyatt Hotels, as they were wary of building an upscale hotel in a run-down area. Devco, the hospitals, and the city government have drawn ire from both historic preservationists , those opposing gentrification and those concerned with eminent domain abuses and tax abatements for developers. New Brunswick is home to the main campus of Rutgers University and Johnson & Johnson , which in 1983 constructed its new headquarters in

4800-782: The ironclad, she steamed back up the Roanoke. The Commodore Hull and Ceres moved to the river's mouth to try and keep the Albemarle from re-entering the sound. The battle itself was a standoff, but the events that followed had more decisive results. Albemarle had held its own against greater numbers but the damages caused the during the battle had forced the ship into port for the next several months, preventing it from being used in General Hoke's planned assault on New Bern. Hoke went ahead with his campaign even without Albemarle . He achieved nothing before being recalled to Virginia to help defend Petersburg and Richmond . The events in October had

4880-452: The land is now in the middle of Rutgers University's College Avenue Campus . New Brunswick was formed by royal charter on December 30, 1730, within other townships in Middlesex and Somerset counties and was reformed by royal charter with the same boundaries on February 12, 1763, at which time it was divided into north and south wards. New Brunswick was incorporated as a city by an act of

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4960-524: The meetings of the African Association, and the Association was still unprecedented as a space for both enslaved and free Blacks to get together while under minimal supervision by Whites. The African Association appears to have disbanded after 1824. By 1827, free and enslaved Black people in the city, including Joseph and Jane Hoagland, came together to establish the Mount Zion African Methodist Episcopal Church and purchased

5040-715: The phenomenon known as " white flight ." Beginning in 1975, Rutgers University , Johnson & Johnson and the city's government collaborated through the New Jersey Economic Development Authority to form the New Brunswick Development Company (DevCo), with the goal of revitalizing the city center and redeveloping neighborhoods considered to be blighted and dangerous (via demolition of existing buildings and construction of new ones). Johnson & Johnson announced in 1978 that they would remain in New Brunswick and invest $ 50 million to build

5120-410: The ram in the Roanoke River. All received damage, and Southfield was sunk. Darkness prevented Whitehead from returning Albemarle ' s fire. As a result of this costly Union naval defeat, Plymouth, North Carolina fell to Confederate troops the next day. Union vessels, including Whitehead , again fought Albemarle on 5 May 1864. This three-hour Battle of Albemarle Sound was inconclusive, and

5200-589: The ram withdrew up the Roanoke. Whitehead battled Albemarle a third time on 24 May 1864. A shell from Whitehead exploded near the ram's stern and caused the dreaded Confederate warship to withdraw. Whitehead resumed routine patrol and reconnaissance duty soon after this. On 12 July 1864, she ascended the Scuppernong River to Columbia, North Carolina , and burned a bridge used to transport supplies to Southern troops at Plymouth. Whitehead and steamers Thomas Colyer and Massasoit joined in an expedition up

5280-422: The sidewalks of New York, not the sidewalks of New Brunswick, N.J. New Brunswick is a city in and the county seat of Middlesex County , in the U.S. state of New Jersey . A regional commercial hub for central New Jersey , the city is both a college town (the home of Rutgers University–New Brunswick , the state's largest university) and a commuter town for residents commuting to New York City within

5360-401: The state's Economic Development Authority . Developers who invest a minimum of $ 50 million within a half-mile of a train station are eligible for pro-rated tax credit . New Brunswick contains a number of examples of urban renewal in the United States. In the 1960s–1970s, the downtown area became blighted as middle class residents moved to newer suburbs surrounding the city, an example of

5440-430: The timbers of her own bow, twisting off her own bronze ram in the process, and jamming both ships together. With Sassucus ' s hull almost touching the end of the ram's Brooke rifle, Albemarle ' s gun crew quickly fired two point-blank rifled shells, one of them puncturing Sassucus ' s boilers; though live steam was roaring through the ship, she was able to break away and drift out of range. Sassacus by now

5520-482: The time of the sale was 20 years old, which was considered the prime age for childbearing. Slave owners would get the most profit from the women who fit into this category because these women had the potential to reproduce another generation of enslaved workers. Additionally, in the urban environment of New Brunswick, there was a high demand for domestic labor, and female workers were preferred for cooking and housework tasks. The New Jersey Legislature passed An Act for

5600-527: The year. There is no marked wet or dry season. The average seasonal (October–April) snowfall total is around 29 inches (74 cm). The average snowiest month is February, which corresponds to the annual peak in nor'easter activity. The 2010 United States census counted 55,181 people, 14,119 households, and 7,751 families in the city. The population density was 10,556.4 per square mile (4,075.8/km ). There were 15,053 housing units at an average density of 2,879.7 per square mile (1,111.9/km ). The racial makeup

5680-497: Was 23.3 years. For every 100 females, the population had 105.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 105.3 males. The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $ 44,543 (with a margin of error of +/− $ 2,356) and the median family income was $ 44,455 (+/− $ 3,526). Males had a median income of $ 31,313 (+/− $ 1,265) versus $ 28,858 (+/− $ 1,771) for females. The per capita income for

5760-431: Was 45.43% (25,071) White , 16.04% (8,852) Black or African American , 0.90% (498) Native American , 7.60% (4,195) Asian , 0.03% (19) Pacific Islander , 25.59% (14,122) from other races , and 4.39% (2,424) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 49.93% (27,553) of the population. Of the 14,119 households, 31.0% had children under the age of 18; 29.2% were married couples living together; 17.5% had

5840-438: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.23 and the average family size was 3.69. 20.1% of the population were under the age of 18, 34.0% from 18 to 24, 28.1% from 25 to 44, 11.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.8 males. The median household income in

5920-620: Was added in 1773 and replaced in 1803. The six-story First Reformed Church , built in 1812, was long the city's tallest structure. One of the earliest tall commercial buildings in the city was the eight-story 112.5 ft (34.29 m) National Bank of New Jersey built in 1908. The four nine-story 125 ft (38 m) buildings of the New Brunswick Homes housing project, originally built in 1958, were demolished by implosion in 2000 and largely replaced by low-rise housing. While there are no buildings over 300 feet (91 meters), since

6000-488: Was first inhabited by the Lenape Native Americans , whose Minisink Trail intersected the Raritan River and followed a route that would be taken by later colonial roads. The first European settlement at the site of New Brunswick was made in 1681. The settlement here was called Prigmore's Swamp (1681–1697), then known as Inian's Ferry (1691–1714). In 1714, the settlement was given the name New Brunswick, after

6080-584: Was known as a social gathering for free blacks that was not completely influenced by white scrutiny and allowed free blacks to socialize among themselves. This does not mean that it was free from white eyes and was still under the negative effects of the slavery era. In the early decades of the nineteenth century, White and either free or enslaved African Americans shared many of the same spaces in New Brunswick, particularly places of worship. The First Presbyterian Church, Christ Church, and First Reformed Church were popular among both Whites and Blacks, and New Brunswick

6160-518: Was located on the upper end of Church Street in the downtown area of New Brunswick about two blocks away from the jail that held escaped slaves. Both free and enslaved Blacks were welcome to be members of the School. Reverend Huntington (pastor of the First Presbyterian Church ) and several other prominent Whites were trustees of the African Association of New Brunswick. These trustees supported

6240-483: Was notable for its lack of spaces where African Americans could congregate exclusively. Most of the time Black congregants of these churches were under the surveillance of Whites. That was the case until the creation of the African Association of New Brunswick in 1817. Both free and enslaved African Americans were active in the establishment of the African Association of New Brunswick, whose meetings were first held in 1817. The African Association of New Brunswick held

6320-754: Was ordered north on 16 November 1862 for repairs at the Washington Navy Yard . At this time, 3-inch iron plate was placed over her guns and around her pilot house. Back in fighting trim, Whitehead returned to North Carolina late in December 1862. Her first noteworthy action came early in the spring of 1863 when she helped to lift the Confederate siege of Washington, North Carolina , which lasted from 31 March to 16 April. On 6–7 July, Whitehead , Commodore Perry , Southfield and Valley City bombarded and occupied Williamston, North Carolina . Whitehead captured several prisoners during an expedition up

6400-471: Was too damaged to function and drifted down river. Miami first tried to use her spar torpedo and then to tangle the Confederate ram ' s screw propellers and rudder with a seine net , but neither ploy succeeded. Mattabasett and Wyalusing continued to engage the ram for three hours, until the action was halted by darkness. More than 500 shells were fired at Albemarle during the battle; with visible battle damage to her smokestack and other areas on

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