Misplaced Pages

#427572

90-540: 2nd class: 535 3rd class: 850 4th class(intermediate): 1,772 SS Vaterland was an ocean liner launched on 3 April 1913 and began service in 1914 for Germany's Hamburg America Line . The ship, second of three running mates and then the largest passenger ship in the world, made her first voyage to New York arriving on 21 May 1914 under the command of a Commodore and four Captains of the German Naval Reserve to celebrations featuring German and American officials at

180-494: A contract with the United States Shipping Board's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) that IMM as agent would supervise the plans and specifications for complete rehabilitation of the ship. That work was done by the construction department of IMM assisted by two committees of leading ship yard representatives, one to address general reconditioning and the other to address conversion from coal to oil as fuel. The result

270-412: A double bottom and double skin to above the waterline with transverse and longitudinal steel bulkheads. The ship had five steel decks with four superimposed decks for a total of nine decks above the waterline. In an unusual, new, arrangement the funnels passed through the decks at the sides of the hull rather than center allowing an entirely new arrangement of the public rooms. Those rooms opened from one to

360-540: A few trips when, in late July 1914, she arrived at New York City just as World War I broke out. With a safe return to Germany rendered questionable by British dominance of the seas, she was laid up at her Hoboken, New Jersey terminal and remained immobile for nearly three years. Vaterland was seized by the United States Shipping Board when the United States entered World War I on 6 April 1917. Of all

450-491: A long distance set to keep the vessel in constant touch across the Atlantic, a second set with 400 mile day range and 1,200 mile night range and a battery powered set was on standby for emergencies. Of the 83 lifeboats, with a capacity for about 5,300, the two powered boats were also equipped with wireless. Forty-six watertube boilers in four stokeholds provided steam for the turbines driving the four 19' 7" diameter screws. The ship

540-572: A needed overhaul after signing of the armistice before the major effort of returning the troops began. After that date Leviathan , repainted grey overall by December 1918, reversed the flow of men as she transported the veterans back to the United States with nine westward crossings, the last ending on 8 September 1919. On 29 October 1919, Leviathan was decommissioned and turned over to the US Shipping Board and again laid up at Hoboken until plans for her future employment could be determined. Before

630-472: A new berth was constructed in 1910–1911 with a width of 288 ft (87.8 m) at the waterfront and a height of 166 ft (50.6 m) from floor to crane runway. Half was built to accommodate the new ship with a length of 1,025 ft (312.4 m) with 16 traveling cranes and a 230-ton revolving crane capable of handling the new ship's machinery. Vaterland was built to conform to German, British and American laws and rules of shipbuilding. The ship had

720-517: A new ship emerged. While the ship was undergoing reconstruction, the Hoboken facilities were modified to be more suitable for such a large ship's operation. Pier #5 was removed and the space between #4 and #6 was dredged to a depth of 45 ft (13.7 m). The plan changed and the ship was to be docked in Manhattan with an agreement with United American Lines to use Pier 86 at the foot of 46th Street. As

810-448: A new £8.4 million road was built to provide an enhanced link to the nearby M90 motorway . The M90 motorway and A823(M) motorway bypass the town which link Rosyth to Dunfermline , Perth , and Kinross to the north, as well as South Queensferry and Edinburgh to the south. The main road going through Rosyth is the A985 road which links the town with Inverkeithing , Dalgety Bay to

900-428: A project to undertake early nuclear decommissioning of the submarine refit and allied facilities – Project RD83 – began pre-planning. The project was funded by Ministry of Defence , in accordance with the contractual agreement in place following the sale of the dockyard, but management and sub-contracting was the responsibility of the dockyard owner, Babcock Engineering Services . The main decommissioning sub-contractor

990-616: A refurbishment costing $ 150,000, for another five round trips. The first round trip sailed on 9 June 1934, high season on the Atlantic, and tallied a loss of $ 143,000. By Leviathan ' s fifth voyage she sailed at barely half capacity. IMM paid the US government $ 500,000 for permission to retire her while keeping her in running order until 1936. In 1937 she was sold to the British Metal Industries Ltd. On 26 January 1938 Leviathan set out on her 301st and last transatlantic voyage under

SECTION 10

#1733092360428

1080-616: A result of that decision the pier itself required strengthening and dredging was required to provide both a channel and turning basin. For 1,000 ft (304.8 m) up and down river and to the New Jersey shore dredging to 42 ft (12.8 m) and clearance of obstructions with aid of divers prepared a berth for the ship. The decorations and fittings, designed by New York architects Walker & Gillette , retained much of her prewar splendor of Edwardian, Georgian, and Louis XVI styles now merged with modern 1920s touches. The biggest deviation

1170-574: A winter crossing in 1924 where she met a fierce storm with 90 ft waves and winds up to 100 mph, at times forcing her into 20 degree rolls. Eleven portholes were smashed and 32 passengers were injured by the time the storm abated. Captain Herbert Hartley commanded Leviathan from July 1923 until he retired in February 1928. (Hartley published his autobiography titled Home Is the Sailor in 1955). By

1260-600: Is a town and Garden City in Fife , Scotland , on the coast of the Firth of Forth . Scotland's first Garden City , Rosyth is part of the Greater Dunfermline Area and is located 3 miles south of Dunfermline city centre and 10.5 miles northwest of Edinburgh city centre. To the west of Rosyth lies Limekilns village; to the east lies Inverkeithing town. Rosyth was founded in 1909 along with Rosyth naval dockyard , built as

1350-512: Is located in the Dunfermline and Dollar constituency and is represented by Graeme Downie of the Labour Party , who won election in the 2024 General Election. Rosyth has three representatives on Fife Council: Brian Goodall ( Scottish National Party ), Tony Jackson ( Scottish National Party ) and Andrew Verrecchia ( Labour Party ). Rosyth is best known for its large Naval dockyard , formerly

1440-605: Is often stated to have been the first passenger cruise. Christian Wilhelm Allers published an illustrated account of it as " Bakschisch ". In 1897, its steamer Arcadia was wrecked on the rocks off Newfoundland. In 1900, 1901 and 1903 its liner Deutschland won the Blue Riband taking the prize from the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse . In 1906 Prinzessin Victoria Luise ran aground off the coast of Jamaica . No people died by

1530-842: Is on the Fife Circle Line and the town is bypassed by the M90 motorway . Rosyth has a population of 13,570 (2022), making the town the 5th largest in Fife. Rosyth is within the Cowdenbeath constituency of the Scottish Parliament , currently held by Annabelle Ewing of the Scottish National Party , as well as the Mid Scotland and Fife electoral region. For the UK Parliament , Rosyth

1620-791: Is one Train Station in Rosyth in the extreme north of the town - Rosyth railway station . It is a part of the Fife Circle Line and mainly serves two train routes towards: There are bus connections connecting Rosyth with various places in Scotland. Stagecoach Coach and Bus connections to Dunfermline : Outside of Dunfermline there are Stagecoach Coach and Bus connections to: Ember Coaches: There are Ember Coach busses running all day and all night to Dundee (stops in Kinross and Perth) and Edinburgh as well as Edinburgh Airport at night and sometimes

1710-541: Is ripe for further development. Since opening in 1997, the port has seen rising timber and cargo vessels use the facility. Its warehouse and logistics facilities make an ideal choice for exporters and importers. A private developer owned site was developed into an £80 million business park – called Rosyth Europarc. More than 13,000 m (140,000 sq ft) of office and hi-tech manufacturing have already been developed. Companies like Intelligent Finance and Bank of Scotland are on site. To complement these developments,

1800-525: The Cruiser and Transport Force . The transport sailed for Europe on 17 December 1917 with 7,250 troops to Liverpool , England where the transport's size, a major advantage with its troop capacity, demonstrated how highly that size limited the ports and repair facilities that could be used in Europe. The ship entered dry dock there but could only enter or leave the dry dock on full moon tides that were required to float

1890-575: The Cunard Line , with a reminder that its RMS  Mauretania still held the official speed record for trans-Atlantic crossing, as well as the White Star Line , which claimed the RMS ; Majestic as the world's longest ship, with a higher gross tonnage if properly calculated. In the next fiscal year, 30 July 1923 to 30 June 1924, new and more efficient three bladed propellers were designed to replace

SECTION 20

#1733092360428

1980-697: The National Prohibition Act . With the Atlantic shipping capacity oversaturated, especially after the Immigration Act of 1924 , alcohol-seeking passengers readily chose other liners. But Leviathan was an American symbol of power and prestige, which despite her economic failings, made her a popular ship with loyal travelers. She attracted attention as the largest and fastest ship in the American merchant marine and featured in countless advertisements. The only serious incident occurred one day out of Cherbourg on

2070-799: The Norwegian Campaign ), the HAPAG freighter Seattle sailed into the crossfire between the warships and Norwegian coastal artillery. She was holed and sunk, and her crew briefly became prisoners of war. According to a 1940 US intelligence report compiled by the US War Department, Louis Classing, general manager of the Hamburg-America in Havana was identified as a "well-known nazi agent" who "imported moving pictures for propaganda purposes to be shown at local theaters". The Hamburg America Line lost almost

2160-468: The Royal Naval Dockyard Rosyth . The town was planned as a garden city with accommodation for the construction workers and dockyard workers. Today, the dockyard is almost 2.2 square kilometres (0.85 sq mi) in size, a large proportion of which was reclaimed during construction. Rosyth, Inverkeithing and nearby Charlestown were major centres of shipbreaking activity, notably

2250-565: The Vaterland were briefly in service before the First World War. In 1914, the Vaterland was caught in port at Hoboken, New Jersey at the outbreak of World War I and interned by the United States. She was seized, renamed Leviathan after the declaration of war on Germany in 1917, and served for the duration and beyond as a troopship. In 1917, its liner Allemannia was "torpedoed by German submarine near Alicante"; two people were lost. After

2340-503: The armistice was signed on 11 November 1918, the ship made ten round trips from Hoboken to Europe transporting more than 119,000 fighting men. Amongst the ship's US Navy crew in this period was future film star Humphrey Bogart . The US Shipping Board was by the end of the war encumbered with surplus tonnage and government sponsored shipping companies. On 17 December 1919 the International Mercantile Marine (IMM) signed

2430-506: The "SS Leviathan Orchestra", directed by Nelson Maples, was well regarded enough that in 1923 and 1924 Victor Records engaged it to record eleven selections at their New York studios, of which eight were commercially released. Decades later the name would be the inspiration for the New Leviathan Oriental Fox-Trot Orchestra . Her passenger average reached 1,300 by 1926, making her the second most traveled ship on

2520-582: The 13 years that she served United States Lines she carried more than a quarter-million passengers, never making a profit. Due to the size of the vessel and the outbreak of the Second World War, final demolition took place only in 1946. Hamburg America Line In the early years, the Hamburg America Line exclusively connected European ports with North American ports, such as Hoboken, New Jersey , or New Orleans, Louisiana . With time, however,

2610-517: The Atlantic that year. Throughout 1927, she carried a career high 40,537 passengers, which was more than any other ship that year, including a record 2,741 passengers on an eastbound crossing that September. Despite her loyal passenger following, it would not be enough to make her profitable. Her economic problems lay primarily in high labor costs and fuel costs which were compounded by Prohibition . From 1920 all US registered ships counted as an extension of US territory, making them "dry ships" according to

2700-573: The German ships seized, Vaterland was the only one not to have engines and machinery damaged by the German crews. Her German crew was sent to a new internment camp in Hot Springs, North Carolina , where many of them later died of a typhoid fever outbreak in summer 1918 as they were about to be transferred to Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia . Despite the lack of intentional damage the ship was badly deteriorated requiring major repairs, cleaning and painting. The work

2790-785: The Naval dockyard at Rosyth. In November 2016 the UK Government announced that MoD Caledonia would close in 2022. On 1 April 2023 it was renamed HMS Caledonia and its future is assured. There are Sea, Army and Air Cadets located in Rosyth. The Sea and Air cadets are located in the Naval Dockyard inside HMS Caledonia , whereas the Army cadets is located next to Park Road Primary School on Middlebank Street. Starting in 2002, an overnight ferry service linked Rosyth with Zeebrugge in Belgium . This service

SS Vaterland (1913) - Misplaced Pages Continue

2880-523: The New York Ritz-Carlton Restaurant main dining room forward to the lounge and ball room aft. Vaterland served on the route for less than a year before being laid up at the line's piers in the neutral United States due to the start of World War I and risk of seizure by the Allies at sea. With U.S. entry into the war in 1917, Vaterland and the German line's Hoboken facility were seized by

2970-568: The US government. The ship was placed under the control of the United States Shipping Board and in July 1917 to the Navy for completion of repairs and conversion to a troop ship . In July 1917 the ship was commissioned as USS Vaterland and on 6 September 1917 renamed USS Leviathan (ID-1326) and assigned to the Cruiser and Transport Force . The ship's first troop transport voyage departed New York on 17 December 1917 with 7,250 troops. At Liverpool, England ,

3060-524: The USSB which also owned all the ships. The Gibbs Brothers Inc would run her for her first voyages and train the crew. She immediately proved popular with the American public in the '20s, starting her career fully booked for her maiden voyage departing on 4 July 1923. On 21 December 1923 Leviathan grounded on the west side of the channel at New York near Robbins Reef Light at 10:44 in the morning; remaining grounded until lifted by tide and pulled by tugs at 5:30 in

3150-521: The afternoon. The ship's course was altered by a strong tidal current and though going at a reasonable speed and engines were put full astern the ship grounded from bow to just forward of the bridge. The ship's outboard engines had been reported for some time to be inoperative astern. Though investigation by the United States Steamboat Inspection Service found no negligence they noted that the grounding might have been avoided if

3240-560: The bus goes all the way to Wallyford . Travellers must book at least 10 minutes before the bus is expected to arrive for the bus to stop in Rosyth at St John & St Columba bus stop. There are 4 Primary Schools currently located inside Rosyth as well as a Fife College Campus inside the Dockyard area of Rosyth. Primary Schools located inside Rosyth: Currently students from these schools go into Inverkeithing High School after Primary 7, but starting August 2026, students will start to go to

3330-617: The coastal port of Dunfermline. Rosyth is near the narrowest crossing point of the Firth of Forth, so has long been strategically important, evidenced by the 15th century Rosyth Castle . Rosyth is home to 12 Historic Scotland listed buildings as well as sections of long distance footpaths the Fife Coastal Path and the Fife Pilgrim Way . Today, Rosyth is a suburb commuter town of Edinburgh and Dunfermline. Rosyth railway station

3420-585: The command of Captain John Binks, retired master of the RMS Olympic , with a crew of 125 officers and men who had been hired to deliver the ship to the breakers. To quote author Melvin Maddocks, Binks was not the luckiest of men now he had a ship to match him...it was no easier steering the old monster to her slaughter than it was to steer her any where else. Leviathan arrived at Rosyth , Scotland, on 14 February. In

3510-587: The company established lines to all continents. The company built a large ocean liner terminal at Cuxhaven , Germany, in 1900. Connected directly to Hamburg by a dedicated railway line and station, the HAPAG Terminal at Cuxhaven served as the major departure point for German and European immigrants to North America until 1969 when ocean liner travel ceased. Today it serves as a museum and cruise ship terminal. The Atlas Service sailed from New York to Jamaica , Haiti , Colombia , Central America . The service

3600-564: The contract was awarded to include $ 515,000 for machinery repair, for a total of $ 6,116,000 with a separate award to Gimbel Brothers of New York of $ 546,366.63 for the equipping the Steward's department with the incidental items. The total awarded was $ 6,656,366.63. At the same time Gibbs Brothers Inc., later named Gibbs & Cox , hired to oversee the work leading to the contract, were awarded $ 1,518,058.37 for agency fees, inspection, audits and accounting and miscellaneous repairs leading up to awarding

3690-509: The contract. In agreement with IMM the EFC cancelled the agency contract and awarded it to Gibbs Brothers, who took over as agent and assumed on 28 February 1922 all functions and obligations previously assigned to IMM. Newspaper mogul William Randolph Hearst , riding on nationalistic sentiment, had objected to the IMM involvement by claiming British influence over IMM. Despite the prolonged lay-up at Hoboken,

SS Vaterland (1913) - Misplaced Pages Continue

3780-713: The docks in the early 1900s. The Scottish National Housing Company (SNHC) was a public utility company set up in 1915 to provide houses for employees at Rosyth naval dockyard; shares were taken by Dunfermline town council with the Public Works Loan Board lending the money. Work on building housing for the dockyard workers had been delayed due to disagreements between the Admiralty and Dunfermline council about who should take financial responsibility (1909-15). Some workers were accommodated in temporary huts called East and West Bungalow village and nicknamed 'tin town'. From

3870-637: The east as well as the Kincardine Bridge to the west which links the town to Falkirk , Stirling and Glasgow . There are plans to build a new "Park and Choose" facility in Rosyth next to Rosyth railway station which would allow more bus and train connections as well as take pressure off of Halbeath in Dunfermline and Ferrytoll in Inverkeithing's Park and ride bus stations. It could potentially bring new routes to Rosyth and increase passengers. There

3960-545: The end of the decade, the "good years" were over, in which time the United States Lines had been sold and re-nationalized. In 1929 Leviathan was finally allowed to serve "medicinal alcohol" outside US territorial waters to make her more competitive with foreign lines and was quickly sent on Booze Cruises to make money. In 1929 the United States Lines was advertised to be sold with two ships, Monticello and Mount Vernon , as purchase options which were not included in

4050-428: The entirety of its fleet twice, as a result of World Wars I and II . In 1970, the company merged with its longstanding rival, Norddeutscher Lloyd of Bremen , to establish the present-day company Hapag-Lloyd . In the post-war years, HAPAG rebuilt its fleet and focused on cargo container transport. In 1970, the container shipping companies HAPAG and North German Lloyd (NGL) merged into Hapag-Lloyd AG to form one of

4140-489: The final bid that was accepted. Six bids were received and opened on 15 January 1929. On 14 February, after hearings in the Senate Committee on Commerce had raised no objection, the bid of P. W. Chapman Co. of New York was accepted. The sale included another USSB entity, American Merchant Lines, which merged into the commercial United States Lines, Incorporated. The sale was executed on 21 March 1929, with Leviathan being

4230-628: The first in the Royal Navy to be privatised when Babcock International acquired the site in 1987. The privatisation followed almost eighty years of contribution to the defence of the United Kingdom which spanned two World Wars and the Cold War with the Soviet Union , during which Rosyth became a key nuclear submarine maintenance establishment. When the final submarine refit finished in 2003,

4320-405: The first proposals for a new settlement at Rosyth, it was suggested it should be developed along Garden City lines. The town planning scheme was passed in 1915 and the first houses were occupied in 1916. Raymond Unwin was appointed advisor to the Admiralty. Rosyth became the largest of the permanent First World War housing schemes in Scotland. Unwin's assistant Alfred Hugh Mottram worked on

4410-414: The first ship delivered to the new line on 8 April. A requirement of the sale mandated the new owners, with the construction loan fund, build two first class liners with plans approved by the USSB and U.S. Navy, to operate with Leviathan . Another condition of sale was an obligation to operate the vessels for ten years with a minimum of 61 voyages per year of all the vessels purchased by the new line. Sale of

4500-461: The grounding; however, the ship's captain committed suicide after getting all the passengers safely off the ship. In 1912, its liner SS Amerika was the first ship to warn Titanic of icebergs. HAPAG's general director, Albert Ballin , believed that safety, size, comfort and luxury would always win out over speed. Thus he conceived the three largest liners yet to be built, named Imperator , Vaterland and Bismarck . The Imperator and

4590-592: The historic society as belonging to either the Vaterland or Imperator . It was acquired in 1921, likely during refurbishments, and now lines a portion of the Boulevard. In 1939, the HAPAG liner St. Louis was unable to find a port in Cuba , the United States, or Canada willing to accept the more than 950 Jewish refugees on board and had to return to Europe. On 9 April 1940, when German warships attacked Kristiansand , Norway, during Operation Weserübung (the opening assault of

SECTION 50

#1733092360428

4680-531: The largest and fastest liner, a claim that was challenged by both the British Cunard and the White Star lines. The United States Lines was contracted to operate the ship for a minimum of five Atlantic voyages per year. Though popular in the U.S. market, high cost and inability to sell alcohol during Prohibition , in which all U.S. registered ships were "dry", made it so that many sought foreign shipping. Even with

4770-432: The last ship of this class, SS  Bismarck , later the RMS  Majestic . On the ship's maiden voyage, arriving at New York on 21 May 1914, there were 1,234 crew commanded by HAPAG Commodore Hans Ruser. The engine department consisted of a chief engineer, three first engineers, thirty-five assistants and electricians with boilers operated by twelve chief firemen, fifteen oilers, 187 stokers and 189 trimmers. The ship

4860-713: The layout and became the SNHC's main architect, designing over 1,400 cottage-style houses. Mottram also designed the B-listed Rosyth Parish Church (1930). Scottish Enterprise Fife is now working in partnership with various private sector organisations to explore the future development of Rosyth. The agency is looking at ways to expand the ferry services to other European and domestic ports. It also wants to help create new business infrastructure in and around Rosyth – which in turn will bring economic benefits to Fife and beyond. The main dock area – operated by Forth Ports –

4950-727: The line at auction, was just as eager to be rid of the white elephant. The Great Depression was the final nail in the coffin. The USSB was abolished and its functions reduced to a Bureau within the Department of Commerce on 10 August 1933. United States Lines actively lobbied for the government to either take the Leviathan back or provide a subsidy for her operation. She was laid up at her pier in Hoboken, New Jersey, in June 1933, having lost $ 75,000 per round trip since 1929. The government steadfastly stipulated that Leviathan should sail, and so she did after

5040-403: The line's Hoboken facilities. The ship was designed to carry 4,050 passengers with most in third or fourth class. Those among the 700 first class and 600 second class passengers traveled in considerable luxury. The main public rooms took advantage of an unusual arrangement of the routing from boiler to stack along the sides rather than center to feature long and unbroken access from a replica of

5130-584: The midst of this enthusiasm she was reported mistakenly as having been torpedoed, when in fact it was the British troopship Justicia that had actually fallen victim to German submarines. On 29 September 1918 she left New York for Brest on a voyage that would prove to have the worst in-transit casualties of the deadly second wave of the Spanish flu . By the time she arrived at Brest on 8 October, 2,000 were sick, and 80 had died. Transports, including Leviathan underwent

5220-441: The new Rosyth / South West Fife High School which is currently under construction. There is also a special education school located in the Dockyard called The Bridges Centre. On 11 July 2024, construction for a future high school started in Caledonia Heights, Rosyth to replace the 50 year old Inverkeithing High School in the neighbouring town of Inverkeithing. It is planned to open to students by August 2026. The current name for

5310-487: The new solicitation went out with bids due on 29 December 1921. The EFC postponed the bid opening to 30 December and accepted the bid of the Newport News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company in Newport News, Virginia , for $ 6,135,575 which was $ 3,334,000 less than the Boston Navy Yard's estimate and $ 5,145,000 less than the commercial bid received for the original despite that not including any work on machinery or incidentals such as table service and linens. On 15 February 1922

5400-421: The next so that a vista extended from the Ritz-Carlton restaurant, oval and replicating the New York original, through the palm garden, grand hallway to the main lounge and ball room. The main staircase extended through six decks and was supplemented by elevators. The wireless system, provided by Marconi rival, the Telefunken Company of Berlin, was the most powerful installed at the time on a ship, and consisted of

5490-418: The original four bladed propellers to be installed at the next dry docking. The design was expected to increase speed at 6,000 less horsepower than the originals. United States Lines , the trade name of an operating entity of the USSB's Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC), was obligated to run Leviathan for a minimum of five return voyages on the Atlantic run per year. All the line's finances were controlled by

SECTION 60

#1733092360428

5580-449: The required fifth voyage the ship was at half capacity. The line paid the Shipping Board $ 500,000 to retire the ship with a continued requirement to keep it in running condition. In the entire operating period as a U.S. liner the ship never made a profit despite efforts by the United States Line to make her profitable including the installation of a sea plane ramp above her bridge. British Metal Industries Ltd. bought Leviathan in 1937 with

5670-457: The salvage of much of the German fleet scuttled at Gutter Sound , Scapa Flow , the Cunard Line 's RMS Mauretania , and the White Star Line 's RMS Olympic . The associated military naval base closed in 1994, and no Royal Navy ships are permanently based at Rosyth, though some ships now return for docking and refit activities, including Sandown -class minehunters and Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carriers . Rosyth's dockyards became

5760-434: The school is South West Fife High School however, this could change. It is projected to be able to handle 1,735 students which is more than Inverkeithing High School has enrolled. The school will likely teach students from Rosyth, Inverkeithing , Hillend , Dalgety Bay , North Queensferry , Aberdour , High Valleyfield , and also from Southern Dunfermline . The town has a rugby union club, Rosyth Sharks , which play in

5850-521: The ship arriving at Rosyth , Scotland, on 14 February 1938 for scrapping. The size of the vessel and start of World War II delayed final scrapping until 1946. Vaterland , a 53,500  GRT steam turbine passenger liner , was built by Blohm & Voss at Hamburg , Germany, as the second of a trio of very large ships of the Imperator class for the Hamburg America Line 's trans-Atlantic route. Construction began in September 1911. The 1906–1907 construction berths were inadequate for Vaterland and

5940-414: The ship could carry. He reports the official replied: "Ten thousand, and we built her to bring them over here." Three years later, at the same pier, by then seized for the Army's Hoboken Port of Embarkation and with the ship under a new name, Gleaves again was aboard as commander of convoy operations in the Atlantic seeing the ship preparing to take 10,000 soldiers to fight Germany. Vaterland had made only

6030-412: The ship eventually being allowed to serve "medicinal" alcohol when outside U.S. waters the Great Depression drove the line to demand either subsidies or that the Shipping Board take the ship back. In June 1933 Leviathan was laid up at Hoboken. The Shipping Board required the ship to go into operation but losses were high. The 1936 high season for the Atlantic saw a loss of $ 143,000 on the first trip and by

6120-455: The ship over the dock's sill. In the fifty days there the ship's troop capacity was increased to 8,200. The ship was repainted with the British-type dazzle camouflage scheme that she carried for the rest of the war. After return to New York her capacity was increased to 8,900. On 4 March 1918 the ship again sailed for Liverpool but diverted to Brest for future voyages due to poor berthing and coaling facilities in Liverpool. In early summer of 1918

6210-417: The ship spent fifty days in drydock, where her size was shown to be a problem, and troop capacity was expanded to 8,200. Further trips were destined for Brest, France and troop capacity was incrementally increased to 10,500 by summer of 1918 and with double bunking to 14,000. The ship's speed allowed transit without escort and often Leviathan and the fast ships Great Northern and Northern Pacific made

6300-425: The ship to News Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Company, Newport News, Virginia, for a complete refurbishing and overhaul including all wiring and plumbing being replaced and conversion from coal to oil as fuel. Interior decorations, though much was kept, were modernized in a 1920s style. In June 1923 the ship was returned to the Shipping Board as SS Leviathan with an increase in gross tonnage leading to advertisement as

6390-409: The ship was quickly prepared with repairs and provision of necessary gear, fueled and crewed to sail to Norfolk. The ship sailed on 9 April 1922 arriving without incident at the shipyard on 10 April. There the ship began a 14-month reconditioning and refurbishment. All wiring, plumbing, and interior layouts were stripped while her hull was strengthened and her boilers converted from coal to oil; virtually

6480-458: The ship's troop capacity was increased to 10,500. Leviathan began regular passages between the Hoboken Port of Embarkation and Brest , France, delivering up to 14,000 persons on each trip. Once experience in embarking troops was gained, 11,000 troops could board the ship in two hours. The fastest ships, to meet the troop transport demands in reaction to the German offensive of March 1918, began

6570-520: The system in which troops shared bunks taking turns to sleep. Leviathan thus doubled its capacity from 7,000 to 14,000 troops. With their speed Leviathan , Northern Pacific and Great Northern sailed without escort together. In June 1918 the German Admiralty announced Leviathan was sunk with American troops. The German press was enthusiastic in the claim that the former Vaterland converted to an American troop transport, had been sunk, and in

6660-458: The transit in company without escort. During the war the ship made ten round trips transporting more than 119,000 troops to Europe. That process was reversed after the war with the ship's last voyage with returning troops arriving on 8 September 1919. The ship was decommissioned and turned over to the Shipping Board on 29 October 1919, remaining laid up at Hoboken until April 1922. At the end of

6750-560: The two lines and eleven vessels for $ 16,082,000 divested the USSB of the last passenger services. The price of Leviathan was a significant portion of the sale at $ 6,782,000. The lines had been supervised by the Merchant Fleet Corporation under USSB/EFC with 630 employees and that organization began dissolution. In October 1931 United States Lines had been reincorporated with the aid of the USSB as United States Lines of Nevada, Inc. after financial difficulties. IMM, which acquired

6840-452: The war there was a surplus of ships and a large number of Shipping Board sponsored companies. Leviathan was not only competing against that surplus but from lack of information such as blueprints from Germany, so that new ones had to be created by actual measurement of the ship. The ship was also caught up in controversies regarding the company originally agreeing to operate the ship. In April 1922, $ 8,000,000 in funding made it possible to move

6930-520: The war, the Vaterland / Leviathan was retained by the Americans as war reparations . In 1919 Vaterland ' s sister ships – Imperator and the unfinished Bismarck – were handed over to the allies as war reparations to Britain. They were sold to the Cunard Line and White Star Line respectively, and renamed Berengaria and Majestic . A ship chain in Mountain Lakes, New Jersey is identified by

7020-446: The wing propellers had been fully operational astern. It further noted that a ship of that size was very difficult to maneuver in the harbor. One result was to withdraw waters reserved for large naval vessels so that commercial vessels were forced to make a turn in the "Narrows" into the upper bay. The grounding led to a full review of the costs and technical difficulties of repairing the inoperative reverse turbines. The ship's orchestra,

7110-621: The world's biggest container shipping companies. In 2008, Hapag-Lloyd was acquired by the City of Hamburg and a group of private investors, the Albert Ballin Consortium. (1899) (1913) (Chartered 1903) (1926) (1926) (launched 1916) (launched 1914) (launched 1914) (launched 1915) (launched 1935) (launched 1940) Rosyth Rosyth / r ə ˈ s aɪ θ / ( Scottish Gaelic : Ros Fhìobh , "headland of Fife")

7200-558: Was Edmund Nuttall Limited . Work began in 2006 and was finished in 2010. The project completed ahead of programme and under-budget, which is unusual in nuclear decommissioning activities. Notably some nuclear liabilities do remain at Rosyth Dockyard. The dockyard was the site for final assembly of the two Queen Elizabeth -class aircraft carriers for the Royal Navy's future carrier project. A number of Ministry of Defence establishments and military bases are located both in and around

7290-460: Was an art deco night club supplanting the original Verandah Cafe. In June 1923 she was given back to the Shipping Board. Leviathan ' s measured tonnage had increased to 59,956.65 GRT and her speed trials showed an average of 27.48 knots. Thanks in part to Gibbs' clever accounting and the Gulf stream, she was advertised as the world's largest and fastest ship. This claim was immediately challenged by

7380-658: Was described as a way to "escape the rigors of Northern winters" through taking a Caribbean cruise and was promoted to tourists. The ships Altai , Sarnia , Sibiria , Alleghany , Alene , Adirondack , Valdivia , and Graecia provided this service in 1906. In 1858, its liner Austria sank, killing 449 people. In 1891, the cruise of the Augusta Victoria in the Mediterranean and the Near East from 22 January to 22 March, with 241 passengers including Albert Ballin and wife,

7470-511: Was discontinued by Superfast Ferries in September 2008, but recommenced in May 2009 under new operator Norfolkline . They ran three sailings a week in each direction. Norfolkline was taken over by DFDS Seaways , who subsequently reduced the service to freight-only, three sailings a week in each direction. The service was terminated in 2018 following a fire aboard one of the ships. In June 2022, it

7560-651: Was going slowly under the USSB with the Navy recommending that it take charge of that process and the ship was turned over to the custody of the United States Navy (USN) in June 1917. Vaterland was the last of the German ships turned over to the Navy to complete repair and conversion. She was commissioned by the USN in July 1917 as the USS Vaterland , Captain Joseph Wallace Oman in command. On 6 September 1917 she

7650-619: Was highly electrified and had an electric forced air system for fresh air throughout the ship. At the reception luncheon held aboard at the Hamburg-American Line's Hoboken piers on that maiden voyage attended by the German Ambassador and officials of the line, Albert Gleaves , at the time Commandant of the New York Navy Yard and later Commander of the Cruiser and Transport Force in the war, asked an official how many troops

7740-621: Was issued on 9 April 1920 to six commercial and two Navy yards. Only one bid was returned by Todd Shipbuilding Corporation and the Boston Navy Yard responded with an estimate. Costs and work in yards were at a peak and the EFC decided to await a more favorable time to solicit new bids. The EFC directed the agents in March 1921 to prepare a new set of specifications for a fully operational ship, including all necessary articles such as table and silverware, linens and books. The IMM construction department

7830-487: Was launched on 3 April 1913 in a ceremony performed by Rupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria . Intended passenger capacity of 4,050 was to be 700 first, 600 second, 1,050 third and 1,700 fourth class passengers. With 1,200 crew the total persons aboard was planned to be 5,250 with 83 lifeboats with capacity for more than those aboard. Vaterland was the largest passenger ship in the world upon her completion, superseding SS  Imperator , but later being superseded in turn by

7920-581: Was redesignated SP-1326 and renamed Leviathan by President Woodrow Wilson . The trial cruise to Cuba on 17 November 1917 prompted Captain Oman to order 241 Marines on board to relieve a detachment of Marines and to station themselves conspicuously about the upper decks, giving the appearance from shore that the great ship was headed overseas to increase the American Expeditionary Forces . Upon her return later that month, she reported for duty with

8010-431: Was reported that talks were underway to restore the ferry route, with DFDS operating a freight service from early 2023, with passenger service expected by summer 2023, however as of 2024 this is yet to start. The fifteenth century Rosyth Castle stands on the perimeter of the dockyard complex, at the entry to the ferry terminal, and was once surrounded by the Firth of Forth on almost all sides, until land reclamation by

8100-497: Was thoroughly familiar with the ship including specifications for machinery repair which were not in the original request for bids. Blueprints for the original construction had not been received from Germany under the Versailles Treaty and the price now asked by the German builders, $ 1,000,000, was deemed outrageous so that an army of workers measured every part of the ship until a new set of prints had been made. On 31 October 1921

#427572