51-638: The United States Army Transportation Corps (USATC) S100 Class is a 0-6-0 steam locomotive that was designed for switching (shunting) duties in Europe and North Africa during World War II . After the war, they were used on railways in Austria , China , Egypt , France , Great Britain , Greece , Iran , Iraq , Israel , Italy , the Netherlands , Palestine , the United States , and Yugoslavia . The S100
102-677: A banana-shaped cart called a gondola. During the Spanish–American War , the task of mobilizing and deploying a largely volunteer force to Cuba and the Philippines magnified the need for a separate transportation service within the Quartermaster Department. Army transporters worked with both the civilian railroads and the maritime industry to pull together a successful intermodal operation. The American Expeditionary Force that deployed to France during World War I emphasized
153-896: A coal mining company in The Netherlands acquired two S100's (USATC 4389 and 1948)and numbered them ON-26 (Davenport 2533) and ON-27 (Davenport 2513) respectively. The ON-26 survived the scrapyard and was sold to the museum railway Stoomtrein Goes-Borsele. Other S100's entered British industrial use with the National Coal Board , Longmoor Military Railway , Austin Motor Company and others. China acquired about 20 S100's, designating them class XK2 . In 1946, Egyptian State Railways bought eight and numbered them 1151–1158. The UK War Department loaned six to Palestine Railways . In 1946 PR bought two of these, both of which subsequently entered
204-724: A reduced price and purchased another to provide spare parts. Thus, the thirteen further locomotives entered traffic between April and November 1947 as soon as they had been adapted. Following purchase, members of the class were fitted with steam heating, vacuum ejectors, sliding cab windows, additional lamp irons and new cylinder drain cocks. Further modifications became necessary once the locomotives started to enter traffic, including large roof-top ventilators, British-style regulators (as built they had US-style pull-out ones), three rectangular cab-front lookout windows, extended coal bunkers, separate steam and vacuum brake controls and wooden tip-up seats . This meant that it took until November 1947 for
255-673: A unique solution - gun trucks . On 31 July 1986, the Transportation Corps was inducted into the U.S. Army Regimental System . In 1990 the Transportation Corps faced one of its greatest challenges with the onset of the Gulf War . During Operation Desert Shield and Operation Desert Storm , the Transportation Corps working out of ports on three continents demonstrating its ability to deploy and sustain massive forces. Operations in Somalia , Rwanda, Haiti , Bosnia , and Iraq have also seen
306-735: Is a side tank designed by Col. Howard G. Hill . In 1942, the USATC ordered 382 S100s from Davenport Locomotive Works of Iowa , H. K. Porter, Inc , of Pittsburgh and Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre . They were shipped to the British War Department in 1943, where they were stored until 1944. After D-Day , most went overseas but some remained in store. After the Second World War, SNCF bought 77 S100's and designated them class 030TU . Jugoslovenske železnice (Yugoslav State Railways) bought many S100's and designated them class 62 . In
357-650: Is conducted at Fort Leonard Wood , Missouri. LB%26SCR E1 class The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway E1 Class were 0-6-0 T steam locomotives designed by William Stroudley in 1874 for short-distance goods and piloting duties. They were originally classified E, and generally known as "E-tanks"; They were reclassified E1 in the time of D. E. Marsh . The first six locomotives of this useful and long-lived class were built at Brighton and appeared in traffic between September 1874 and March 1875. They performed well and further orders were placed at intervals, with some being built every year until 1881 when
408-624: Is responsible for the movement of personnel and material by truck, rail, air, and sea. It is one of three U.S. Army logistics branches, the others being the Quartermaster Corps and the Ordnance Corps . The Corps was established in its current form on 31 July 1942, with predecessor services dating back to the American Civil War. The Transportation Corps is currently headquartered at Fort Gregg-Adams, Virginia . The officer in charge of
459-513: The E3 class . After 1894/95, the class gradually began to be replaced by R. J. Billinton 's radial tanks of the E3 and E4 classes. Withdrawals commenced in 1908 when one locomotive was broken up for spares, and others were withdrawn at intervals until May 1914, when the increased need for locomotives during the First World War meant that there were no further withdrawals. One locomotive (no. 89)
510-599: The East Somerset Railway in 1993. It was withdrawn prematurely in 1997 requiring firebox and boiler repairs, and spent many years in pieces awaiting overhaul, although in 2011 it was cosmetically restored into (inauthentic) BR black. In 2012, B110 was sold to the Isle of Wight Steam Railway , in return for LMS Ivatt Class 2 no. 46447 moving to the ESR. The railway plans to restore the engine and run it as No. W2 Yarmouth , which
561-573: The LSWR B4 class then working in Southampton Docks . SR staff nicknamed them "Yank Tanks". By 1946 the SR needed either to renew or replace the ageing B4 , D1 and E1 class tanks used in Southampton Docks , but Eastleigh Works was not in a position to do so in a timely manner or at an economic price. The replacement locomotives would need to have a short wheelbase to negotiate the tight curves found in
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#1732869628544612-582: The hard water present in the docks. This came to a head in 1951 when several had to be laid aside until new fireboxes could be constructed. Thereafter there were no further problems. The class was replaced from their shunting duties at Southampton from 1962 by British Rail Class 07 diesel-electric shunters, when the first member of the class was withdrawn, but the remainder were still in fairly good condition. The survivors were used for informal departmental purposes such as providing steam heating at Southampton or shunting at Eastleigh Motive Power Depot , before
663-678: The 1950s JŽ assembled more examples bringing the number of class 62 to 129. The Hellenic State Railways in Greece acquired 20 S100's and designated them class Δα (Delta-alpha). Österreichische Bundesbahnen in Austria acquired 10 and designated them class 989. Ferrovie dello Stato in Italy acquired four and designated them class 831. Several were sold into industrial use in the US, including to Georgia Power and Oklahoma Gas & Electric . The Oranje-Nassau Mijnen,
714-512: The A B C Highway moved men and supplies from the Belgian port of Antwerp to the front. The story of the Red Ball Express was told in the 1950s movie Red Ball Express . There was a short lived television series in the early 1970s named Roll Out which focused on the experiences of a fictional African American motor transportation unit involved with the Red Ball Express. The Cold War between
765-591: The D-Day invasion called the Communications Zone, or Com-Z), European Theater of Operations. One of the greatest feats of the Transportation Corps, via the Military Railway Service , was the rebuilding of France's shattered railroad network after D-Day and the transportation of 1,500 locomotives and 20,000 railway cars specially built for the lighter French track system starting with D-Day + 38. To speed
816-688: The Isle of Wight worked goods trains until route closures in the 1950s brought a reduction in their duties. When repairs became due, they were withdrawn from service instead of being overhauled: No. W2 was withdrawn in September 1956, No. W1 in March 1957, No. W3 in June 1959 and No. W4 in October 1960. Because no more members of the O2 class were sent over to the Isle of Wight, the names of
867-599: The S100. JŽ added to their class 62 by ordering several similar examples from Đuro Đaković (factory) of Slavonski Brod , Croatia . These differed in minor details, principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames , resulting in a higher boiler pitch. This gives the steam pipes a shoulder instead of being straight, and requires smaller domes with a flatter top to fit JŽ's loading gauge . The British Great Western Railway (GWR) had used many S100s in South Wales during
918-963: The Second World War. The GWR 1500 Class was partially inspired by the S100 in its use of outside cylinders and short wheelbase . A small number of former JŽ 62's remain in commercial service, more than 65 years after they were built. At least two work as switcher locomotives (shunter locomotives) at the ArcelorMittal steel plant in Zenica , Bosnia-Herzegovina . More than 100 S100s survive: either preserved, stored, or derelict. Most are in Europe or North America , but there are also two in China and one in Egypt. Project 62 has an online database of them. Private owners in Baraboo, Wisconsin, are currently restoring S100 #5002. #5002
969-631: The Transportation Corps of the AEF was abolished after the war, The M.T.C. subsequently conducted Transcontinental Motor Convoys in 1919 and 1920. On 9 March 1942 the Transportation Service was established as part of the Services of Supply. In March 1942, the transportation functions were consolidated into the Transportation Division of the newly created Services of Supply . On 31 July 1942,
1020-618: The Transportation Service became the Transportation Corps. By the end of the war the Transportation Corps had moved more than 30 million soldiers within the continental United States; and 7 million soldiers plus 126 million tons of supplies overseas. From the beginning in England in late May 1942, the Transportation Corps operations in the ETO were directed by Colonel (later Maj. Gen.) Frank S. Ross who had been selected by Maj. Gen. John C. H. Lee , Commanding General, Services of Supply (after
1071-592: The UN Forces supplied through three winters. By the time the armistice was signed, the Transportation Corps had moved more than 3 million soldiers and 7 million tons of cargo. The Vietnam War saw the most diversified assortment of transportation units ever assembled. For over a decade the Transportation Corps provided continuous support for American and allied forces through an unimproved tropical environment using watercraft, amphibians, motor trucks and Transportation Corps aircraft. The enemy threat to convoys required
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#17328696285441122-732: The United States and the Soviet Union extended from 1945 into 1991, spanning the Gulf War. When the Soviet Union cordoned off the city of Berlin in 1948, the Transportation Corps played a vital role in sustaining the city. Two years later, on 28 June 1950, President Harry S. Truman established the Transportation Corps as a permanent branch of the Army. During the Korean War , the Transportation Corps kept
1173-521: The Wight-based E tanks were not transferred over. One example, No. B110 (originally No. 110 Burgundy ) was sold in 1927 to the Cannock and Rugeley Colliery Company . They gave it the number 9 and named it Cannock Wood , and it worked their internal system until 1963. After withdrawal it was bought for preservation and moved between several sites before restoration began in 1986 and it returned to action at
1224-586: The branch for doctrine, training, and professional development purposes is the Chief of Transportation (CoT) and Commandant of the US Army Transportation School, currently held by BG Beth A. Behn. The Corps's motto is "Nothing Happens Until Something Moves" ( https://transportation.army.mil/ ). During the American Civil War , transportation proved to be an integral part of military logistics through
1275-456: The class (No. 157 Barcelona ) with a larger boiler and Gladstone -type cylinders with valves underneath to work on the steeply-graded lines between Eastbourne and Tunbridge Wells . This "E Special" class (later E2 class and finally included in the E1 class) locomotive was withdrawn in 1922. No. 158 West Brighton was not an 0-6-0T but a prototype 0-6-2T, originally classified F but later included in
1326-535: The class consisted of sixty locomotives; twelve more were built in 1883, and after Stroudley's death, a final batch of six was built in 1891 bringing the total to seventy-eight. The class was used throughout the LBSCR system, principally for goods and shunting, but occasionally for secondary passenger duties. Numbers were 97–156 for those built between 1874 and 1881, 85–96 for those built in 1883, and 159–164 for those built in 1891. In 1884 Stroudley also built one example of
1377-585: The clock truck convoys from allied held ports to supply troops on the front in a giant, one-way loop. There were other lesser known truck-route express operations: the Green Diamond Express operated out of Cherbourg due south, to serve the forces advancing on Brittany and Brest. Later the White Ball Highway Express operated out of Le Havre to the same depots served by the Red Ball. Later still,
1428-577: The deployment of large numbers of transportation units. When the coalition forces invaded Afghanistan, the Transportation Corps opened up the air line of communication into the country and until 2008, a single movement control battalion managed all logistics in Regional Command-East. As the number of brigade combat teams increased in Afghanistan in 2006, the Transportation Corps began ground convoy operations. The 143rd Transportation Command opened
1479-530: The dockyard, but be able to haul heavy goods trains as well as full-length passenger trains in the harbour area. The railway's Chief mechanical engineer , Oliver Bulleid therefore inspected the surplus War Department tank locomotives. The Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST locomotives stored at the Longmoor Military Railway proved to be unsuitable for dock work because of their 11 ft 0 in (3.35 m) wheelbase and inside cylinders, and also many of
1530-603: The end of steam on the Southern Region four months later. Two of these engines, 30065/DS237 and 30070/DS238, were sold to Woodham Brothers in South Wales in March 1968. However, before they could make their journey, their bearings ran hot and were declared "unfit for travel" which lead to the two tank engines being dumped at Tonbridge . Five months later, they were taken to Rolvenden where they were purchased for preservation. Several European railways produced designs based on
1581-564: The entire class to be ready for work. Radio-telephones were later installed on the footplate to improve communication on the vast network of sidings at Southampton. The class was allocated the British Railways (BR) power classification 3F following nationalisation in 1948. The original locomotive carried the War Department number 4326, and the subsequent purchase were numbered between 1264 and 1284 and between 1952 and 1973. Thirteen of
USATC S100 Class - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-428: The entire class was used for shunting and carriage and van heating in Southampton Docks . They performed well and were popular with the footplatemen, but the limited bunker capacity often necessitated the provision of relief engines for some of the longer duties. Two examples were fitted with extended bunkers to address this problem in 1959 and 1960, but a more ambitious plan to extend the frames and build larger bunkers
1683-511: The former Yugoslav Railways to foreign design have been acquired for use on the North Dorset Railway and given British liveries. There are minor technical differences. An engine of this prototype appears in the Thomas & Friends TV series as Rosie. United States Army Transportation Corps The Transportation Corps is a combat service support branch of the U.S. Army . It
1734-580: The largest port operation in the Western Hemisphere in 1864. By 1864, five of the nine divisions in the Quartermaster Department dealt exclusively with transportation. The Army Transport Service was one of the divisions that was responsible for land and water transport. A substantial number of battles were won because of the field commander's ability to swiftly and effectively move troops and supplies. Most wounded soldiers were carried away in
1785-451: The locomotives were re-numbered in a single sequence from 61 to 73 by SR but 4326 retained its War Department number. The locomotive used for spares was not numbered. After 1948 they were renumbered 30061–30074 by BR. Six examples were transferred to departmental (non-revenue earning) use in 1962/3 and renumbered DS233–DS238. During the Second World War they were painted USATC black with white numbering and lettering 'Transportation Dept.' on
1836-515: The need for a single transportation manager. William W. Atterbury , a former railroad executive, was commissioned as a brigadier general and appointed as the Director-General of Transportation and a separate Motor Transport Corps of the National Army was established to manage trucks on 15 August 1918. The United States Army School for Truck Drivers had been established by 9 July 1918; and
1887-516: The new Fort Lee Transportation School. For example, Cargo Specialist (MOS 88H), Watercraft Operator (MOS 88K) and Watercraft Engineer (MOS 88L) training remained at Fort Eustis, which is the main housing of the Army's Watercraft. Railway training for Army Reserve soldiers (MOSs 88P, 88T, and 88U) and Army civilian employees also remained at Fort Eustis, as there are only warehouse tracks and no railway system available for training at Fort Lee. Motor Transportation Operator (truck driver, MOS 88M) training
1938-477: The next few months. When it was found to be suitable, this locomotive and a further thirteen were purchased in 1947 for £2500 each. Six of these had been built by Porter and the remainder by Vulcan. However, when it was discovered that there were differences in dimensions between the locomotives from different builders the SR exchanged its Porter built locomotives for Vulcans, but could only do so with five examples. The railway therefore accepted one Porter locomotive at
1989-640: The organization of railroads as a viable and efficient means of military transportation. The US Army centralized the management of rail into the United States Military Railroad (USMRR). The Army Quartermaster purchased eight City-class ironclads on the Mississippi River in February 1862, a full month before the USS Monitor and CSS Virginia set sail. City Point, Virginia in 1864 would become
2040-484: The port and supported the push to Baghdad in March 2003. After Baghdad fell in April, the maneuver operation matured into a sustainment operation with a hub and spoke supply line. Once the enemy began attacking convoys, the truck drivers responded with an age old solution of hardening trucks with steel and adding machine guns thus making gun trucks and convoy security a permanent part of Transportation doctrine. No matter how great
2091-519: The process, and avoid delays caused by French channel ports and docks destroyed by the retreating Germans, the Transportation Corps brought the heavy railroad stock across the channel and across the beaches in specially built LSTs . As allied forces rapidly advanced across France in the summer of 1944, a special transportation operation nicknamed the Red Ball Express was carried out from 25 August to 16 November. The Red Ball Express provided around
USATC S100 Class - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-468: The stock of Israel Railways in 1948. Iraqi State Railways bought five, designated them Class SA, and gave them fleet numbers 1211–1215. All five were Davenport-built examples. At least two were still in service in March 1967: 1211 at Basrah and 1214 as the station pilot at Baghdad West. The Southern Railway (UK) bought 15 S100's (14 for operational use and one for spare parts) and designated them USA Class . They were purchased and adapted to replace
2193-586: The survivors were in poor condition. However, the S100s stored at Newbury Racecourse had a 10 ft 0 in (3.05 m) wheelbase, outside cylinders and had hardly been used. Those available for sale had been built by the Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania and H. K. Porter, Inc , of Pittsburgh . Bulleid therefore took Vulcan-built locomotive WD4236 on approval in May 1946 and tested it thoroughly over
2244-525: The tank sides. Prior to nationalisation, the locomotives were painted in Southern black livery with 'Southern' in "Sunshine Yellow" lettering. The lettering on the tank sides was changed to 'British Railways' during 1948 as a transitional measure. Finally, the class was painted in BR Departmental Malachite livery, with BR crests on the water tank sides and numbers on the cab sides. For fifteen years
2295-538: The threat, the Transportation Corps delivered the goods. During Operation New Dawn, the Transportation Corps was responsible for retrograding all the equipment out of Iraq by the December 2012 deadline. When it was established in 1942, it was based at Fort Eustis , Virginia. Headquarters were moved to Fort Lee starting in 2010. On April 27, 2023, Fort Lee was renamed Fort Gregg-Adams. At the time, only seven Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) courses were being taught at
2346-592: The west of England. These were classified as E1/R . Four E1s were also transferred for duties on the Isle of Wight : three were shipped from Southampton on 4 July 1932 and a fourth on 16 June 1933. Before transfer, they were overhauled at Eastleigh Works, painted green, renumbered W1-W4 and given names related to the Island. Nos. W1–W3 were allocated to Newport, and no. W4 was at Ryde. They were primarily intended for goods traffic, but were used on passenger trains where necessary. At speed they were unsteady, but after No. W4
2397-560: The withdrawal. 30072 became the pilot locomotive at Guildford Motive Power Depot and continued to carry out this duty until the end of steam on the Southern in July 1967. Six examples were officially transferred to ‘departmental’ duties and renumbered. These went to Redbridge Sleeper Depot (DS233), Meldon Quarry (DS234), Lancing Carriage Works (DS235 and DS236), and Ashford wagon works (DS237 and DS238; where they were named Maunsell and Wainwright ). Nine examples remained in service until March 1967 and five of these survived until
2448-428: Was abandoned in 1960 due to the imminent dieselization of the docks. They also often suffered from overheated axleboxes which was less of a problem when shunting but prevented them from being used on longer journeys. A more serious issue was the condition of the steel fireboxes originally fitted to the class which rusted and fatigued quickly. This was partly due to their construction under conditions of austerity, and
2499-468: Was rebuilt with a larger boiler by D. E. Marsh between January and June 1911 and reclassified E1X; it was renumbered 89A in October 1911, and 689 in December 1912. However this was rebuilt as an E1 in 1930 once the boiler was condemned. Under Southern Railway ownership, withdrawals continued during the 1920s, with some examples sold to industrial railways rather than scrapped. Eight examples were also rebuilt as 0-6-2 radial tank engines for use in
2550-429: Was successfully rebalanced at Ryde Works in October 1933 the others were modified similarly during 1935–36. Thirty examples survived the transfer of ownership to British Railways in 1948, but during the 1950s they were gradually replaced by diesel shunters. The last survivor, BR No. 32694, was allocated to Southampton Docks . It was withdrawn in July 1961 and scrapped at Eastleigh Works later that year. The four on
2601-403: Was used for the Naval Yards in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania , and later sold to the EJ Lavino Company in Pennsylvania , then sold to Tombstone Junction and later to the Kentucky Railroad Museum. In 2006, one was purchased for preservation from steelworks in central Bosnia and was sent to Britain. Four British examples of the USA class have been preserved: Two JŽ class 62 locomotives built by
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