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33-749: The first election for half the members of the FNC took place in 2006. Members of the FNC serve 4-year terms. The last election for the indirectly elected members took place on 7 October 2023, and the next election is to be held in October 2027. The FNC assembly hall is located in Abu Dhabi , the capital of the UAE. The National Election Committee (NEC) was established in February 2011 by the UAE Federal Supreme Council , and

66-537: A tyranny of the majority that would ignore the less densely populated heartland and rural states in favor of the mega-cities. The President of India is indirectly elected by the Indian Electoral College consisting of the elected members of the Parliament of India and the legislative assemblies of the states and union territories . The German Bundesversammlung has no other purpose than to elect

99-489: A trial run they hoped will pave the way for universal suffrage in the coming years. Even then, however, only half of the FNC will be elected. In late 2006, half of the organization was elected . 2011 parliamentary election had an electoral college of 129,274 members, nearly 20 times more than in 2006. The new electoral college included about 12% of UAE nationals. Approximately 35% of the members were under 30 years of age and 46% were women. 35,877 voters cast their vote, making

132-730: A turnout of 27.75%. In all, 468 candidates, including 85 women, stood for the election. Many candidates pledged to provide better education and healthcare and more housing for young UAE nationals. They also promised to strengthen the UAE identity and culture. Several candidates used social media networks such as Facebook to present their plans. The electoral college increased from 129,274 in 2011 to 224,279 in 2015. All candidates ran as independents. During election campaigning, many candidates focused on social issues, promising to provide better housing and health services. Others focused on job creation and better educational services. 79,157 voters cast their vote. Turnout increased from 27.25% to 35.29%. As in

165-459: A two-round system since 1965 . Finland had an electoral college for the country's president from 1925 to 1988 , except 1944 (exception law), 1946 ( parliament ) and 1973 (extended term by exception law). The electoral college was replaced by direct elections (consisting of two-round voting ) in 1994 . In Spain , during the Second Republic period (1931–1936–39) the president

198-593: Is chaired by the Minister of State for Federal National Council Affairs. Elections are conducted by the NEC which nominates members of the electoral college. Any citizen can be selected as a member. The NEC also manages the election of FNC representatives from all the emirates. The members of the electoral college can nominate themselves to be candidates for the FNC. The FNC was formed under the Provisional Constitution of

231-407: Is the only remaining electoral college in democracies where an executive president (i.e. a head of state who is also head of government) is indirectly elected via an electoral college. The other democracies that used an electoral college for these elections switched to direct elections in the 19th or 20th century. The electoral college is argued to be fundamental to American federalism, based on

264-529: The 1951 and 1954 elections. After the Revolución Libertadora the 1957 constitutional convention repealed the 1949 constitutional amendment and the electoral college was reestablished from the 1958 general election. The March 1973 and September 1973 general elections used a two-round direct election by popular vote system which was established by the outgoing military junta, which decreed in 1972 an illegal 'temporary constitutional reform' which

297-1130: The Catholic Church , the Holy See and the Vatican State , is elected by the Papal conclave consisting of all Cardinals . While the President of France is directly elected, the Senate is indirectly elected by collèges électoraux in the French regions. They consist of 150,000 delegates, known as the grands électeurs , who are mainly appointed by municipal councillors . The following examples are of electoral colleges used by democracies or dictatorships that were replaced by other mechanisms of election like direct elections during periods of democratisation . Before 1840, all presidents in Latin America were indirectly elected by legislatures or electoral colleges. Argentina had

330-597: The Federal President of Germany . It is composed half by the members of the Bundestag and half by representatives delegated by the state parliaments . The President of Italy is elected by an electoral college which comprises both chambers of the Italian Parliament meeting in joint session , combined with 58 special electors appointed by the regional councils of the 20 regions of Italy . The Pope , head of

363-533: The Storting , before switching to direct elections. France had its president elected by the legislature from 1875 to 1954. The first presidential election of the Fifth Republic which elected Charles de Gaulle was the only presidential election where the winner was determined via an electoral college. The electoral college was replaced after the 1962 referendum , with direct elections by popular vote, using

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396-605: The United Arab Emirates in 1971 as a permanent component of the country's governing structure, which also includes the Federal Supreme Council , President, Cabinet and Judiciary. Before 2006, all members of the FNC were appointed by the rulers of the emirates. According to the Constitution, federal draft laws first have to pass through the FNC for review and recommendations. Draft laws and amendments formed with

429-481: The United Arab Emirates on 7 October 2023 to elect 20 of the 40 members of the Federal National Council . As political parties are banned in the UAE, all candidates run as independents . The election was the first to be conducted completely electronically, 92.69% of voters chose to vote remotely in the election cycle. The Federal National Council consists of 40 members, 20 of whom are appointed by

462-548: The rulers of each emirate . and 20 are elected by single non-transferable vote in seven electoral colleges based on the emirates. The colleges of Abu Dhabi and Dubai elect four members each, the colleges of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah three each, and the colleges of Ajman , Fujairah and Umm al-Quwain two each. Since the 2019 election , the FNC has a gender quota , requiring 50% of FNC members to be women. Not all citizens are eligible to vote. Instead, voters are handpicked and chosen through an electoral college ,

495-421: The 2011 election, one woman was among the 20 winners. On 18 November, the newly elected members were sworn in alongside the 20 appointed members, including eight women. The 2015 election used a single-vote system (meaning each voter voted for only one candidate in his/her emirate). Previously, voters were allowed to vote for as many as half the number of seats from their respective emirates. Eligible voters outside

528-568: The Regional Councils were elected until 2009 by provincial electoral colleges composed with communal councillors of local governments in each province ; since 2013 the regional councillors are elected by popular vote. Uruguay had until 1918 one electoral college for every department , each one of them had 15 members and elected the senator that would represent that department in the upper chamber of parliament. Norway , from 1814-1905, used regional electoral colleges to elect legislators to

561-529: The United Arab Emirates on 7 October 2023 to elect 20 of the 40 members of the Federal National Council. The electoral college membership was expanded from 337,738 in 2019 to 398,879 in 2023. 24°27′48″N 54°19′54″E  /  24.46333°N 54.33167°E  / 24.46333; 54.33167 2023 Emirati parliamentary election Parliamentary elections were held in

594-404: The cities. The electoral college was replaced with a two-round system direct election in 1989 , after the end of the military dictatorship and the establishment of a new constitution in 1988 leading to the restoration of democracy. Colombia used an electoral college which was eliminated in 1910. Paraguay had an electoral college that was established by the 1870 Constitution , which

627-458: The country were allowed to vote for the first time in 2015. The 2019 election also used a single-vote system. The electoral college increased from 224,279 in 2015 to 337,738 in 2019. All candidates ran as independents. 117,592 voters cast their vote. Turnout slightly decreased from 35.29% to 34.81%. Seven of the 20 elected members were women, although the sole incumbent elected female failed to win re-election. Parliamentary elections were held in

660-409: The country were eligible to take part in 2006 election. Those eligible were chosen by the rulers of the emirates. Women were allowed to vote and run for office but there was no quota to ensure a set number of women were elected as there was in some other Arab countries. Over 14% of candidates were women. By the end of 2003, all forty members of the FNC were male. Election officials billed the polls as

693-603: The help of specialized house committees are presented to the FNC for discussion and then sent back to the Cabinet for consideration and approval. The FNC influences the Federal Government to draft laws. Original draft laws from the Cabinet can be amended by the FNC. The FNC is responsible under the Constitution for examining, and, if it wishes, amending all proposed federal legislation, and is empowered to summon and question any Federal Minister regarding Ministry performance. One of

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726-578: The longest lasting electoral college in South America, used to elect its president and vice president, and national senators starting with the 1853 Constitution and lasting mostly until the 1994 constitutional amendment . There were a few exceptions, due to political instability in the 20th century , in which non-lasting reforms removed or suspended the electoral college. For example, the 1949 peronist amendment promoted by President Juan Perón which replaced it with direct elections by popular vote used in

759-419: The main duties of the FNC is to discuss the annual budget. Specialized sub-committees and a Research and Study Unit have been formed to assist FNC members to cope with the increasing demands of modern government. The Federal National Council has 40 members, half of whom are elected and half are appointed: Not all UAE nationals were allowed to vote or run for office. 6,689 out of some 800,000 Emirati citizens in

792-445: The membership of which was expanded from 337,738 in 2019 to 398,879 in 2023. Preliminary results were released on 7 October, and certified on 13 October. The national election committees of all emirates, except the committees of Sharjah and Ras al-Khaimah, allocated half of their elected seats to the highest voted for candidates of each gender to meet their gender quotas; the appointed seats for each emirate need to ultimately achieve

825-479: The notion that it requires candidates for President to appeal to voters in all states, or a substantial portion of states, rather than only those with large population which might hold greater power in elections based on simple majority. Federalist No. 68 , probably written by Alexander Hamilton , argued in favor of the Electoral College by stating: Another argument states that the Electoral College prevents

858-416: The quota. Electoral college An electoral college is a body whose task is to elect a candidate to a particular office. It is mostly used in the political context for a constitutional body that appoints the head of state or government , and sometimes the upper parliamentary chamber , in a democracy . Its members, called electors , are either elected by the people for this purpose (making

891-673: The similar function of electoral college except it had the power to amend the Constitution . The People's Republic of China in the mainland today elects both the President and the Premier by the National People's Congress every five years similar to the National Assembly. During South Korea 's dictatorships of the Fourth and Fifth Republics from 1972 until 1981 , the president

924-541: The whole process an indirect election ) or by certain subregional entities or social organizations. If a constituent body that is not only summoned for this particular task, like a parliament , elects or appoints certain officials, it is not referred to as "electoral college" (see e.g. parliamentary system ). Also, other appointing bodies (like committees appointing judges, as in Canada or Germany ) normally do not fall into this definition. The United States Electoral College

957-454: Was appointed by all the members of the House of Assembly of South Africa and the Senate of South Africa . After the adoption of the 1983 Constitution , the new House of Assembly , House of Representatives , and House of Delegates would designate 50, 25, and 13 of their members to the electoral college respectively. The electoral college would disappear along with the apartheid government, with

990-551: Was elected by an electoral college until democratization resulted in direct elections starting in 1987 . Additionally, during the Fourth Republic, one-third of members of the National Assembly were nominally elected by the same electoral college which elected the president, though in practice they were appointed by the president. In apartheid -era South Africa from 1961 to 1983, the state president of South Africa

1023-592: Was elected by an electoral college comprising the Parliament members and an equal number of democratically elected members ("compromisarios"). The Holy Roman Empire also had an electoral college to choose its ruler. The President of the Republic of China was elected by the National Assembly of the Republic of China from 1948 until 1996 when democratization resulted in direct elections. The National Assembly had

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1056-566: Was supposed to be later ratified by an elected constitutional convetion which never happened and therefore expired.The elections between 1983 and 1993 used again the electoral college. The constitution was then amended by a wide consensus for the last time in 1994 and the electoral college was finally replaced with a modified two-round direct elections by popular vote system in use since 1995 . Brazil 's military dictatorship chose its president by an electoral college starting in 1964 comprising senators, deputies, state deputies, and lawmakers in

1089-450: Was used to elect its president. The constitution was replaced in 1940 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1943. Chile had an electoral college established by the 1828 Constitution , which was used to elect its president in the elections from 1829 to 1920 . The constitution was amended in 1925 and the electoral college was replaced with direct elections by popular vote since 1925 . Also,

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