35-598: (Redirected from Téméraire ) [REDACTED] Look up téméraire in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Temeraire or Téméraire (French for "reckless") may refer to: HMS Temeraire , several ships of the Royal Navy French ship Téméraire , several ships of the French Navy Téméraire-class ship of the line , a class of ships designed and built for
70-455: A gunboat described as a "floating gun carriage", used a single 9-inch (229 mm) Armstrong rifled muzzle loader on a lowering platform with next to no armor. It was a resounding commercial success; there were 21 direct copies, and another six near-sisters, plus six near-copies (see List of gunboat and gunvessel classes of the Royal Navy ). Known as the "flatiron" gunboats, these vessels had
105-481: A higher rate of repetitive fire and less fatigue for the gun crew. Some disappearing carriages were complicated mechanisms, protection from aircraft observation and attack was difficult, and almost all restricted the elevation of the gun. With a few exceptions, construction of new disappearing gun installations ceased by 1918. The last new disappearing gun installation was a solo 16-inch gun M1919 at Fort Michie on Great Gull Island , New York , completed in 1923. In
140-522: A limited disappearing function were initially provided for smaller weapons, the balanced pillar for the 5-inch gun M1897 and the Driggs-Seabury masking parapet for the manufacturer's 3-inch gun M1898 . However, these could only be retracted at a specific traverse angle (90° off the emplacement's axis), thus could not be used in action. Due to the mount's undesired flexibility when fired interfering with aiming, both types were disabled beginning in 1913 in
175-421: A naval use. HMS Temeraire was completed in 1877 with two disappearing guns ( 11-inch (279 mm) muzzle-loading rifles on Moncrieff-type carriages) sinking down into barbette structures (basically circular metal protective walls over which the gun fired when elevated). This was to combine the ability of the early pivot guns to swivel with the protection of more classical fixed naval guns. A similar design
210-408: A single large gun kept behind hinged shields, rather than a complex disappearing mount. The simplified mounts were intended as much to lower the center of mass as to afford protection, and resembled a "lift battery." The gun was not normally lowered between shots. U.S. Endicott-era balanced pillar and masking parapet mounts were, in a sense, a hybrid of simple pedestal mounts and disappearing mounts:
245-481: A system had been noted earlier, and experimental designs with raisable platforms or eccentric wheels, with built-in counterweights, were built or proposed. Some used paired guns, in which one cannon acted as the other's counterweight, or counterpoise. An unsuccessful attempt at a disappearing carriage was King's Depression Carriage, designed by William Rice King of the United States Army Corps of Engineers in
280-577: A tendency for the piston rod to break when fired, and both types and their associated guns were removed from service in the 1920s. In 1893 Germany's Hermann Gruson developed an armored turret for a 53 mm gun called a " Fahrpanzer " (mobile armor) that had both road- and rail-mobile versions. These were sold to several other countries prior to World War I, notably Switzerland, Romania, and Greece, were widely deployed in that war, and were present in most major Swiss fortifications at least through World War II, including Fort Airolo . Surviving examples of
315-405: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Disappearing gun A disappearing gun , a gun mounted on a disappearing carriage , is an obsolete type of artillery which enabled a gun to hide from direct fire and observation. The overwhelming majority of carriage designs enabled the gun to rotate backwards and down behind a parapet, or into a pit protected by a wall, after it
350-521: The Crimean War was the first widely adopted, used in many forts of the British Empire. The first experimental carriages of this type were wheeled. His key innovation was a practical counterweight system that raised the gun as well as controlled the recoil . Moncrieff promoted his system as an inexpensive and quickly constructed alternative to a more traditional gun emplacement. The usefulness of such
385-583: The Royal Navy have been called HMS Temeraire . The name entered the navy with the capture of the first Temeraire (French for "reckless") from the French in 1759: HMS Temeraire (1759) was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line captured from the French after the Battle of Lagos on 19 August 1759 and sold in 1784. HMS Temeraire was a cutter or xebec that HMS Dido captured in 1795 in
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#1732884617682420-573: The surrender of US forces on 6 May 1942. The disappearing guns were the least useful of the coast defense assets, as they were positioned to defend against warships entering Manila Bay and Subic Bay and in most cases could not engage Japanese forces due to limited traverse. Despite attempts at camouflage, their emplacements were vulnerable to air and high-angle artillery attack. The disappearing carriage had several principal advantages: The disappearing gun had several drawbacks as well: One very uncommon and even more complex type of disappearing gun
455-647: The "up" position, with installations circa 1903 and later having received pedestal mounts. Both carriage types and their associated guns were removed from service in the 1920s; in the 3-inch gun's case a tendency for the piston rod to break was a factor in their removal. Several mobile disappearing mounts appeared in France and Germany circa 1893. These included both road-mobile and rail-mobile designs. In France, Schneider and St. Chamond produced road-mobile design and rail-mobile designs, in 120 mm (4.7 inch) and 155 mm weapons. The 0.6 meter rail affût-truck system
490-413: The 110-ton carriage and gun 14 feet to enable it fire over a parapet wall. After firing, the gun was lowered for reloading using hydraulic ramrods and a shell hoist. While the operation of the battery was slow, taking 3 minutes per shot, its design allowed a 360° field of fire. Since its design was not further pursued, Battery Potter was disarmed in 1907. Battery Potter required much machinery to operate
525-689: The British Army, with only a few other countries, particularly the United States, still producing them up to World War I and retaining them in service until replaced by casemated batteries in World War II . The only major campaign in which US disappearing guns played a part was the Japanese invasion of the Philippines , which began shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and ended with
560-652: The Fahrpanzer are at the Athens War Museum and the Brussels Army Museum . These mounts were intended for use in prepared trench-type positions that would shelter them from view when retracted; in the Swiss forts they were stored in covered bunkers until repositioned to fire. While a few units used in fixed fortifications were sometimes mounted on sinking platforms or on short rail stubs intended for tactical concealment,
595-582: The French Navy The Fighting Temeraire , a painting by J. M. W. Turner Temeraire (series) , a series of alternate history/fantasy novels by Naomi Novik His Majesty's Dragon , released as Temeraire in the UK, the first novel in the series Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Temeraire . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
630-758: The Mediterranean. The French Navy had commissioned her in October 1793 as the 6-gun Révolutionaire and renamed her Téméraire in 1794. She served under this name until being broken up in 1803. HMS Temeraire (1798) was a 98-gun second rate launched in 1798. She fought in the Battle of Trafalgar and was later used as a prison ship and then a receiving ship , and was broken up in 1838, recorded in The Fighting Temeraire Tugged To Her Last Berth To Be Broken Up by J.M.W Turner. HMS Temeraire (1876)
665-650: The U.S., due to lack of funding for sufficient replacements, the disappearing gun remained the most numerous type of coast defense weapon until replaced by improved weapons in World War II . Although some early designs were intended as field siege guns, over time the design became associated with fixed fortifications, most of which were coastal artillery . A late exception was the use in mountain fortifications in Switzerland, where six 120 mm guns on rail-mounted Saint Chamond disappearing carriages remained at Fort de Dailly until replaced in 1940. The disappearing gun
700-532: The gun a more elliptical recoil path. The Buffington–Crozier Disappearing Carriage (1893) represented the zenith of disappearing gun carriages, and guns of up to 16-inch size were eventually mounted on such carriages. Disappearing guns were highly popular for a while in the British Empire, the United States and other countries. In the United States, they were the primary armament of the Endicott- and Taft-era fortifications, constructed 1898–1917. Simpler carriages with
735-555: The gun lifts, including boilers, steam-powered hydraulic pumps, and two accumulators. Due to the inability to generate steam quickly, Battery Potter's boilers were run nonstop during its 14-year life, at significant cost. After the proving of the Buffington-Crozier carriage for 12-inch guns, the United States Army abandoned plans to build several additional gun lift batteries. The concept was also attempted for conversion to
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#1732884617682770-434: The guns were hidden from observation while out of action, but, once engaged, remained vulnerable to direct observation and direct fire. The emplacement designs only permitted retraction with the gun barrel at a specific traverse angle, usually 90° off the emplacement's axis. Since the barrels substantially overlapped the parapet of their installation, it was impossible to point the piece while concealed. The balanced pillar mount
805-456: The late 1860s. This used a counterweight to allow a 15-inch (381 mm) Rodman gun to be moved up and down a swiveling ramp, so the weapon could be reloaded, elevated, and traversed behind cover. The carriage was subjected to six trials in 1869–1873. It was not adopted; an 1881 letter to the Chief of Engineers by Lt. Col. Quincy A. Gillmore stated that it "still leaves a great deal of heavy work to
840-448: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temeraire&oldid=1178171969 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages HMS Temeraire Six ships and two shore establishments of
875-445: The overwhelming majority were not, and acted in action as completely fixed guns, and are outside the subject of this article. Retractable turrets were also conceptually similar, but almost never depended on recoil actuation, and, like the balanced pillar systems, often remained visible when actually in operation. Unlike balanced pillar designs, the pieces could generally be pointed and trained from cover, allowing complete surprise for
910-594: The same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS_Temeraire&oldid=1198968898 " Categories : Set index articles on ships Royal Navy ship names Hidden categories: Use British English from December 2013 Use dmy dates from January 2024 Articles with short description Short description
945-498: The slow and uncertain process of manual labor". Part of a test installation at Fort Foote , Maryland remains. King's design was better suited for breech-loaders; had the US not had a plethora of new muzzle-loaders just after the Civil War it may have seen wider use. Buffington and Crozier further refined the concept in the late 1880s by allowing the counterweight fulcrum to slide, giving
980-550: Was Battery Potter at Fort Hancock in the Coast Defenses of Sandy Hook , New Jersey . This and a number of 12-inch barbette emplacements were constructed due to the inability of the early versions of the Buffington-Crozier carriage to accommodate a 12-inch gun . Built in 1892, the battery covered the approaches to New York Harbor . Instead of using recoil from the gun to lower the weapon, two 12-inch barbette carriages were placed on individual hydraulic elevators that would raise
1015-409: Was an iron-hulled screw-propelled ship launched in 1876. She carried two disappearing guns on board. She became a training ship and was renamed Indus II in 1904, Akbar in 1915, and was sold in 1921. HMS Temeraire (1907) was a Bellerophon -class battleship launched in 1907 and sold in 1921. HMS Temeraire (1939) was to have been a Lion -class battleship. She
1050-423: Was fired; a small number were simply barbette mounts on a retractable platform. Either way, retraction lowered the gun from view and direct fire by the enemy while it was being reloaded. It also made reloading easier, since it lowered the breech to a level just above the loading platform, and shells could be rolled right up to the open breech for loading and ramming. Other benefits over non-disappearing types were
1085-698: Was laid down in 1939 but construction was suspended later that year, and she was cancelled in 1944. HMS Temeraire was the Upper Yardmen training establishment at Port Edgar , South Queensferry , Scotland between 1955 and 1960. HMS Temeraire is the Directorate of Naval Physical Training and Sport (DNPTS) in Portsmouth . It was established in 1910 and commissioned as HMS Temeraire in 1971. See also [ edit ] French ship Le Téméraire [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with
Temeraire - Misplaced Pages Continue
1120-557: Was later used in Russia for the first ship of the Ekaterina II -class battleships and also used in the monitor Vitse-admiral Popov . It has been suggested that both the harsh saltwater environment and the constant swaying and rolling of a ship at sea caused problems for the complex mechanism. If the mechanism seemed too temperamental for the open sea, it was not true for rivers and harbors. Armstrong and Mitchell 's 1867 HMS Staunch ,
1155-453: Was used primarily with the 5-inch gun M1897 , while the masking parapet mount was a Driggs-Seabury patent used primarily with the manufacturer's 3-inch gun M1898 . "Masking parapet" was a proprietary term coined by Driggs-Seabury to distinguish their carriage from balanced pillar designs. Beginning in 1913 these carriages were disabled in the "up" position due to undesired flexibility interfering with aiming. The M1898 3-inch gun also developed
1190-559: Was used tactically for 120mm and 155mm guns in WWI. Six 120 mm Modèle 1882 guns on St. Chamond mounts were deployed at Fort de Dailly in Switzerland from 1894 to 1939. Krupp produced a rail-mobile 120 mm disappearing gun in 1900. Though effective against ships, the guns were vulnerable to aerial observation and attack. After World War I coastal guns were usually casemated for protection or covered with camouflage for concealment. By 1912, disappearing guns were declared obsolete in
1225-402: Was usually moved down behind the parapet or into its protective housing by the force of its own recoil, but some also used compressed air while a few were built to be raised by steam. Captain (later Colonel Sir) Alexander Moncrieff improved on existing designs for a gun carriage capable of rising over a parapet before being reloaded from behind cover. His design, based on his observations in
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