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27-650: With further reorganizations of the Ottoman Army, to include the creation of corps level headquarters, by 1911 the II Corps was headquartered in Tekfur Dağı . The Corps before the First Balkan War in 1911 was structured as such: On October 17, 1912, the corps was structured as follows: On October 19, 1912, the corps was structured as follows: On October 29, 1912, the corps was structured as follows: On November 17, 1912,

54-557: A depot for the produce of Edirne province. However, its trade suffered badly when Alexandroupolis became the terminus of the railway up the river Maritsa . Rhaedestus remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church . However, Roman Catholic Church activity has long ceased. Catholic bishops Tekirdağ is situated on the northern coast of the Sea of Marmara , 135 kilometres (84 miles) west of Istanbul . Its picturesque bay

81-461: A week or two of snow between the months of December and March. Highest recorded temperature:40.2 °C (104.4 °F) on 27 June 2007 Lowest recorded temperature:−13.5 °C (7.7 °F) on 3 January 1942 The Tekirdağ area is the site of many holiday homes, as the city is only two hours drive from Istanbul via a new four-lane highway. The villages of Şarköy , Mürefte and Kumbağ are particularly popular with Turkish tourists. The Marmara Sea

108-798: Is twinned with: Eyalet of the Archipelago The Eyalet of the Islands of the White Sea ( Ottoman Turkish : ایالت جزایر بحر سفید , Eyālet-i Cezāyir-i Baḥr-i Sefīd , "Eyalet of the Islands of the White Sea ") was a first-level province ( eyalet ) of the Ottoman Empire . From its inception until the Tanzimat reforms of the mid-19th century, it was under the personal control of the Kapudan Pasha ,

135-532: Is a prison next to the rakı distillery and another north of the city on the road to Muratlı. On the eastern edge of the city is the Namık Kemal University , founded in 2006, which has three faculties. This part of Turkey is well known for its high quality rakı . State-owned until the 1990s, the distilleries are now in private hands and the wine and rakı industries are undergoing a renewal despite being hampered by high taxation on alcohol. Tekirdağ

162-423: Is backed by the promontory of the mountain which gives its name to the city, Tekir Dağı (ancient Combos), a spur of about 2000 ft. that rises into the hilly plateau to the north. Between Tekirdağ and Şarköy is another mountain, Ganos Dağı . Tekirdağ has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csa , Trewartha : Cs ). Summers are hot and humid whilst winters are cool and wet. Snowfall is somewhat common, with

189-713: Is being expanded to accommodate a new rail link to the main freight line through Thrace). It is also home to Martas and the BOTAŞ Terminal, both of them important for trade activities in the Marmara Region . The town's best known product remains Tekirdağ rakı although it is also known for its cherries, celebrated with a festival every June. The proximity of the Greek and Bulgarian borders means that there are honorary consulates for both countries in Tekirdağ. Ferries from Tekirdağ sail to

216-505: Is polluted but there are still a number of public beaches near Tekirdağ, especially the Yeniçiftlik beaches. Most Ottoman wooden buildings have been replaced by concrete apartment blocks although some are being restored or replaced with attractive replicas. Except for the , and the narrow streets that help one imagine life in the Ottoman period, the city lacks antique charm. One reason to visit

243-508: Is the local delicacy, the small spicy cylindrical grilled meatballs called Tekirdağ köftesi , traditionally followed by courses of a sweet local cheese and semolina pudding . The inland parts of Tekirdağ province offer fertile farmland suitable for winter wheat, sunflowers, cherries and grapes for wine-making. Both the east–west highway (the Via Egnatia of Roman times) and the highway north toward Muratlı and Lüleburgaz are four lanes. There

270-612: The Eyalet of Rumelia , thus forming the Eyalet of the Archipelago. After Hayreddin's death, the province remained the domain of the Kapudan Pasha , the new title of the commander-in-chief of the navy, a position of great power and prestige: its holder was a vizier of three horsetails and a member of the Imperial Council . As a token of this, the title of the local sub-provincial governors

297-578: The Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) . After these wars, the city returned to Ottoman rule. In 1905, the city had a population of about 35,000, of whom about half were Greeks . Tekirdağ was occupied by the Bulgarian army on 11 November 1912. The city was liberated on 13 July 1913. Finally, Tekirdağ was occupied by the Greek army on 20 July 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence (1919–1922) . After

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324-900: The Venetians following the Latin occupation of Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade . In the Ottoman period the city was successively a part of the Rumelia Eyalet , then of the Province of the Kapudan Pasha , the Silistra Eyalet , and Edirne Vilayet . After 1849 it became the seat of the Sanjak of Tekfürtaği . Tekirdağ was occupied twice by the Russian army: firstly, on 22 August 1829 during Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829) and then on 1 February 1878 during

351-591: The 19th century was 9,829 square miles (25,460 km ) and its population around 700,000. The eyalet's English names are the Province of the Islands or of the Archipelago . Because it was commanded by the Kapudan Pasha , the head of the Ottoman navy , it was also known as the Province of the Kapudan Pasha ( Ottoman Turkish : Kapudanlık-ı Derya , "Captaincy of the Sea"). The Ottoman 'Vilâyet Djezayr Bahr-i-Sefid' for

378-612: The Eyalet of the Archipelago. From 1701–1821, the office of the Dragoman of the Fleet , entrusted to a Phanariote Greek , served as intermediary between the Kapudan Pasha and the autonomous communities of the Aegean islands. In this area, the Dragoman of the Fleet enjoyed considerable authority. By the early 19th century, the eyalet was reduced to the sanjaks of Biga (now the pasha-sanjak , its centre

405-630: The Greek Orthodox ecclesiastical context (e.g. the Bishop of Raidestos, the Metropolitanate of Heraclia and Raidestos). The history of the city of Tekirdağ dates back to around 4000 BC . In Xenophon 's Anabasis it is mentioned as part of the kingdom of the Thracian king Seuthes . It is also mentioned as Bisanthe by Herodotus (VII, 137). The city was a Samian colony. Procopius chronicled

432-624: The Ottomans in the 14th century (in western languages it is usually rendered as Rodosto ). After the 18th century it was called Tekfurdağı , based on the Turkish word tekfur , meaning "Byzantine lord". In time, the name mutated into the Turkish Tekirdağ , and this became the official name under the Turkish Republic. The historical name "Rhaedestos" (transcribed also as Raidestos) is still used in

459-619: The commander-in-chief of the Ottoman Navy . During the early period of the Ottoman Empire , the commander of the Ottoman fleet (the Derya Begi , " Bey of the Sea") also held the governorship of the sanjak of Gallipoli , which was the principal Ottoman naval base until the construction of the Imperial Arsenal under Sultan Selim I (reigned 1512–20). His province also included the isolated kazas of Galata and Izmit . In 1533/4,

486-520: The corps was structured as follows: Tekirda%C4%9F Tekirdağ ( pronounced [teˈciɾdaː] ) is a city in Turkey . It is located on the north coast of the Sea of Marmara , in the region of East Thrace . The city forms the urban part of the Süleymanpaşa district, with a population of 186,421 in 2022. Tekirdağ is a commercial centre with a harbour for agricultural products (the harbour

513-444: The corps was structured as follows: On March 25, 1913, the corps was structured as follows: In August 1914, November 1914, Late April 1915, the corps was structured as follows: In late Summer 1915, January 1916, the corps was structured as follows: In August 1916, the corps was structured as follows: In December 1916, the corps was structured as follows: In August 1917, the corps was structured as follows: In September 1918,

540-484: The corsair captain Hayreddin Barbarossa , who had taken over Algeria , submitted to the authority of Sultan Suleyman I (r. 1520–66). His province was expanded by the addition of the sanjaks of Kocaeli , Suğla , and Biga from the Eyalet of Anatolia , and of the sanjaks of Inebahti ( Naupaktos ), Ağriboz ( Euboea ), Karli-eli ( Aetolia-Acarnania ), Mezistre ( Mystras ), and Midilli ( Lesbos ) from

567-460: The nearby Marmara Islands during the summer. The nearest airport is Tekirdağ Çorlu Airport (TEQ) although there are many more flights to Istanbul Airport (IST). Tekirdağ was called Bisanthe or Bysanthe ( Greek : Βισάνθη/Βυσάνθη ), and also Rhaedestus (Ῥαιδεστός) in classical antiquity. The latter name was used until the Byzantine era , and transformed into Rodosçuk after it fell to

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594-683: The signing of the Armistice of Mudanya , the city was given back to Turkey on 13 November 1922. Under the terms of the 1923 agreement for the Exchange of Greek Orthodox and Muslim Populations between the two countries, the Greek Christians of Tekirdağ were all forced to leave (founding the village of Nea Raidestos ), their place taken by Muslim Turks from Greece. In December 1934, a convoy of 1,583 Turkish speaking Muslims from Dobruja and Ada Kaleh settled in Tekirdağ. For many years Tekirdağ served as

621-559: The town's restoration by Justinian I in the 6th century AD. In 813 and again in 1206, after the Battle of Rodosto , it was sacked by the Bulgarians , but it continued to appear as a place of considerable importance in later Byzantine times. The 11th-century Byzantine historian Michael Attaleiates owned property in Raidestos which he described in his will. From 1204 to 1235 the town was ruled by

648-630: Was Istanbul in 1877. The island of Samos (Turkish Sisam), which was an autonomous principality since 1832, continued to be counted as a sanjak of the eyalet until 1867. Cyprus was lost to British control in 1878, and the remainder of the vilayet was dissolved after the eastern Aegean islands were conquered by the Italians during the Italo-Turkish War (1911–12) and the Greeks in the First Balkan War (1912–13). Including Crete, its reported area in

675-572: Was added to the eyalet. It was detached in 1703 as the personal fief ( hass ) of the Grand Vizier , but returned to the eyalet in 1784. Under Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha , the sanjaks of Mezistre and Karli-eli were detached and incorporated in the new Eyalet of the Morea . Alone among the major Aegean islands , Crete , although conquered from the Republic of Venice in 1645–69, was never subordinated to

702-646: Was moved to Kale-i Sultaniye in 1855), Gelibolu, Rodos, Sakız, Midilli, Limni ( Lemnos ) and Cyprus. . Sanjak of Gelibolu became part of Edirne Eyalet in 1846. As part of the Tanzimat reforms, its ties to the Kapudan Pasha were severed in 1849, and it became the Vilayet of the Archipelago after 1867. Sanjak of Biga was part of Hüdavendigâr Eyalet between 1 January 1847 and 31 December 1868 and 1 January 1872 and 1873 before reverting to this province during periods of 1869-1871 and 1873-1877. Sanjak of Biga broken ties with her after transferring to Şehremaneti (Its centre

729-628: Was not sanjak-bey but derya-bey . Although the Kapudan Pashas resided in the Imperial Arsenal, Gallipoli remained the official capital ( pasha -sanjak ) until the 18th century. After Hayreddin's death in 1546, the sanjak of Rodos ( Rhodes ) also became part of the Eyalet of the Archipelago, and in 1617/8 the sanjaks of Sakız ( Chios ), Nakşa ( Naxos ) and Andıra ( Andros ) were added to it. Algeria became de facto independent of Ottoman control after 1642, and in ca. 1670 Cyprus

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