68-650: John Work House and Mill Site is a site listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana just outside Charlestown , owned by the Lincoln Heritage Council , (BSA) , as part of the Tunnel Mill Scout Reservation. For a century, it was an active gristmill until technology made it obsolete, and arson destroyed much of it. Prominent features around the site are Fourteen Mile Creek and
136-406: A bathing house for those who liked to swim in the creek. On August 1, 1927, a fire destroyed the mill building. No one knows if it was started by a discarded cigarette, by one of the swimmers, or by the last owner, Henry Murphy, who reportedly had a history of his properties burning. Plans to rebuild the mill in 1958 and 1981 were never realized, although the 1990s did see the addition of a garage to
204-442: A family was $ 45,264. Males had a median income of $ 32,491 versus $ 24,738 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 19,656. About 6.9% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.9% of those under age 18 and 7.2% of those age 65 or over. A plethora of businesses call Jeffersonville home, including both locally owned and operated companies, as well as national ones. As of 2020, some of
272-533: A grid pattern designed by Thomas Jefferson for the formation of a city. On September 13, 1803, a post office was established in the city. In 1808 Indiana's second federal land sale office was established in Jeffersonville, which initiated a growth in settling in Indiana that was further spurred by the end of the War of 1812 . In 1802, Jeffersonville replaced Springville as the county seat of Clark County. Charlestown
340-485: A hospital called Joe Holt Hospital. In September and October 1862, two Confederate armies led by Generals Braxton Bragg and E. Kirby Smith closed in on Louisville, a key strategic prize. General William "Bull" Nelson ordered women and children to evacuate. So many fled across the river to Jeffersonville that the city's hotels and rooming houses were filled to capacity. On September 24, General Don Carlos Buell and his men managed to reach Louisville barely ahead of
408-485: A levee failed. The Indiana National Guard deployed to the area to help those displaced, distribute much-needed emergency supplies, inoculate residents for typhoid fever, and purify drinking water. Finally by the end of the month the water began to recede. The flood left an estimated $ 250 million worth of damage throughout the Ohio Valley. In the 1930s and 1940s, gambling was instrumental in Jeffersonville's recovery from
476-594: A major dog racing track known for fixing races, was raided and closed within a year, with others soon following. Having acquired the Howard Shipyards in 1925, the U.S. Navy awarded the Jeffersonville Boat & Machine Company (later known as Jeffboat ) a contract to build boats during World War II . Jeffboat built landing vessels such as the LST , and swelled in number of employees from 200 to 13,000 people. After
544-512: A ministering elder in Davis's church – became pastor of the congregation. Branham moved the group to a new building, eventually naming it Branham Tabernacle , as it is known today. Jeffersonville was one of many communities affected by the Ohio River flood of 1937. After record rainfall in mid-January, 90% of the city was flooded, electricity was lost, all roads leading into the city were covered, and
612-536: A private company that specializes in the historical reenactment supplies, contracted with Lincoln Heritage Council to restore and preserve the John Work House, leasing the house for a $ 1 a year. However, the Work House was seen to have "improved prospects" and was not on the 2011 endangered list. The eventual plan is for the house to become an educational living history center as well as a workshop and storefront for
680-465: A tunnel through a spur of a hill to act as a mill race, which would mean a better source of water to power his mill. The race was completed in 1816, and the mill itself in 1818. A total of 650 pounds (290 kg) of powder made from saltpeter was used for the tunneling. The total cost was estimated at $ 3,300. The race was 6 feet (1.8 m) deep and 5 feet (1.5 m) wide; a 200 lb (91 kg) man reportedly rode through it on opening day. A dam
748-623: Is also the birthplace of the pizza chain Papa John's Pizza . Kitchen Kompact manufactures cabinetry in a converted portion of the Quartermaster Depot. The 750,000 square foot facility employs nearly 300 workers with an average tenure of 15 years. They produce around 10,000 cabinets per shift. Jeffersonville is home to the United States Bureau of the Census 's National Processing Center –
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#1732875742473816-539: Is also the home of the annual Abbey Road on the River , the largest Beatles-inspired music festival in the world, as well as other annual celebrations. According to the 2010 census, Jeffersonville has a total area of 34.354 square miles (88.98 km ), of which 34.06 square miles (88.21 km ) (or 99.14%) is land and 0.294 square miles (0.76 km ) (or 0.86%) is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 44,953 people, 18,580 households, and 11,697 families living in
884-611: Is an annual festival held in September called Steamboat Days that celebrates Jeffersonville's heritage. As a free state bordering the south, Indiana served as a crucial step along the Underground Railroad . By 1830, Jeffersonville was the first and largest route for fugitives crossing the Ohio River at Louisville. Hundreds of freedom seekers made their way north to Canada through Clark County. There were many instances where Jeffersonville citizens helped fugitives flee enslavement. In
952-499: Is by the bridge across Fourteen Mile Creek near the old camp entrance. The last known burial at the cemetery was in 1869 for Rebecca Work Drummond Faris. In 1927 Henry Murphy decided he wanted to sell the 142 acres (0.57 km) of land he held around the burnt mill. The newly formed Boy Scout Council, the George Rogers Clark Council (formed by Scouts of Clark , Floyd , Harrison , Scott , and Washington counties)
1020-626: The Devil's Backbone . The land is now used by the Boy Scouts of America for camping activities such as National Youth Leadership Training and a Webelos Camp. In 2010, part of the Tunnel Mill camp was leased to a private company for the purpose of restoring the Historic John Work House for use as a living history center. In order to prevent vandalism and amateur ghost hunters from further damaging
1088-589: The Great Depression and the Flood of 1937. This earned the town the nickname "Little Las Vegas ". During this time, Jeffersonville attracted the likes of Clark Gable , John Dillinger , Al Capone , and others. After Clarence Amster, a New Albany resident was gunned down on July 2, 1937, public sentiment turned against gambling and the mobsters it brought. In 1938, James L. Bottorff was elected judge and announced that gambling would not be tolerated. The Club Greyhound,
1156-532: The Indiana Army Ammunition Plant , it now hosts a variety of industries. These include manufacturing, aerospace, automotive, food & beverage, life sciences, logistics, and more. Until 2018, Jeffersonville was the home of Jeffboat , the largest inland shipbuilder in the US. At its peak, the barge manufacturer employed over 13,000 employees. The company closed due to an overproduction of barges, marking
1224-521: The Jeffersonville Evening News for its depiction of his church, eventually starting a new publication called The Banner of Truth to publicize his services and aid recruitment. Much of his popularity stemmed from his vocal opposition of prohibition . In 1934, a fire destroyed Davis's First Pentecostal Baptist Church. After years of legal trouble, Davis was denied a permit to rebuild. He left Jeffersonville, and William Branham – formerly
1292-504: The Ohio River , which offered a strategic advantage in the protection of settlers from Native Americans . Overtime, a settlement grew. In 1791 the fort was renamed to Fort Steuben in honor of Baron von Steuben . Then in 1793 the fort was abandoned. Precisely when the settlement became known as Jeffersonville is unclear, but it was probably around 1801, the year in which President Thomas Jefferson took office. In 1802 local residents used
1360-567: The 1850s, Mayors Oswald Wooley and Uriah Damron were arrested for "running off" enslaved people. In 1863, Hannah Tolliver, a black wash woman, was arrested on the Louisville, Kentucky wharf as she attempted to help another woman cross the Ohio River to freedom. Hannah was convicted and became one of seven women inmates at the Kentucky State Prison at Frankfort. Dr. Nathaniel Field moved from Middletown, Kentucky to Jeffersonville in 1829. He
1428-679: The Carnegie Foundation were scaled back to prevent the construction of lavish libraries, the library in Warder Park was relatively ornate. Due to the Ohio River Flood of 1937 , the library suffered a near total loss of its collection. However, it reopened in November 1937 thanks to months of work and donations of money and books. During World War I , Jeffersonville contributed to the war effort largely through its production capabilities. On
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#17328757424731496-564: The Confederates. The force of 100,000 Union soldiers successfully defended Louisville and forestalled any invasion. Between 1864 and 1866 Port Fulton (now within Jeffersonville) was home to Jefferson General Hospital , the third largest hospital in the country at that time. The institution was built to replace Joe Holt Hospital and occupied land obtained from U.S. Senator Jesse D. Bright , a Confederate sympathizer. The land stretched down to
1564-495: The Jeffersonville location. In 1871, the U.S. Army began consolidating operations in the city into four square blocks. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the Quartermaster Depot continued supplying troops engaged in frontier wars with Native Americans. On December 17, 1900, Jeffersonville officially opened a new Jeffersonville Township Public Library in a room above the Citizens National Bank. 1400 books formed
1632-575: The McDonald Bridge was completed across Fourteen Mile Creek. The camp saw its greatest use in the 1950s and 1960s, with 564 scouts the highest attendance ever (1960). In 1969 the property's swimming pool was built, as the creek was no longer safe for swimming. In the 1980s The Works Home was renovated by the Camp Ranger Jeff Streets, who then moved into the Works home after completion. Since 1993
1700-587: The National Register Information Database as of March 13, 2009 and new weekly listings posted since then on the National Register of Historic Places web site. There are frequent additions to the listings and occasional delistings and the counts here are approximate and not official. New entries are added to the official Register on a weekly basis. Also, the counts in this table exclude boundary increase and decrease listings which modify
1768-401: The Ohio River, facilitating patient transfer from riverboats to the hospital. The facility contained 24 wards each radiating out like spokes on a wheel and all connected by a corridor one-half mile in circumference. Each ward was 150 feet long and 22 feet wide and could accommodate 60 patients. Female nurses and matrons were quartered separately from the men. During its nearly three-year existence
1836-555: The South, the Louisville and Nashville Railroad furnished the connecting link between Louisville and the rest of the South. These factors made the city a good location to house supplies and troops for the Union Army . In 1862, two area regiments established the first military camp in the city. The location was christened Camp Joe Holt , and the name was retained when the camp was converted to
1904-457: The area covered by an existing property or district and which carry a separate National Register reference number. Jeffersonville, Indiana Jeffersonville is a city and the county seat of Clark County , Indiana , United States, situated along the Ohio River . Locally, the city is often referred to by the abbreviated name Jeff . It lies directly across the Ohio River to the north of Louisville, Kentucky , along I-65 . The population
1972-418: The average family size was 2.90. The age distribution was 23.6% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 31.2% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 88.6 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 37,234, and the median income for
2040-477: The biggest threats and attribute most of the ghost legends to "fictional campfire stories" of camping boy scouts and to the rise of popular paranormal television shows. There is also reportedly a silver mine known to the Indians here. Local Indians had Work mill their corn, and paid him in silver ore. When Work asked of the source of the ore, the Indians said they had a mine, but they would never tell any white where
2108-471: The bridge on each end. The bridge is also decorated with a colorful LED lighting system that operates from twilight to 1 am. The lights can be customized by request. On the Jeffersonville side of the bridge the city constructed Big Four Station, a plaza and park. The park features green space, fountains, a farmers market on Saturdays, a restroom, a bike-sharing station, a pavilion, a playground, and easy access to downtown shops and restaurants. Big Four Station
John Work House and Mill Site - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-424: The building, security guards patrol the property each night. The house was built in 1811. John Work (b. December 9, 1760) used virgin poplar forest to make 4 inches (100 mm) by 8 inches (200 mm) boards. It was originally two story/six room house with chimney for each room that if built today would cost several million dollars. In 1814 John Work (1760–1834) decided to build a new gristmill , to replace
2244-447: The bureau's primary center for collecting, capturing, and delivering data. The facility comprises approximately one million square feet, and processes millions of forms per year. It also employs 1200 to more than 6000 people, making it one of southern Indiana's largest employers. The River Ridge Commerce Center is an industrial zone located on the outskirts of Jeffersonville near Charlestown, Indiana . Built on land previously occupied by
2312-446: The city of Jeffersonville officially annexed four out of six planned annex zones. The proposed annexation of the other two zones was postponed due to lawsuits. One of the two areas remaining to be annexed was Oak Park , Indiana an area of about 5,000 more citizens. The areas annexed added about 5,500 acres (22 km ) to the city and about 4,500 citizens, raising the population to an estimated 33,100. The total area planned to be annexed
2380-400: The city. The population density was 1,319.8 inhabitants per square mile (509.6/km ). There were 19,991 housing units at an average density of 586.9 per square mile (226.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 80.4% White , 13.2% African American , 0.3% Native American , 1.1% Asian , 1.9% from other races , and 3.0% from two or more races . Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 4.1% of
2448-431: The city. The population density was 2,014.7 inhabitants per square mile (777.9/km ). There were 12,402 housing units at an average density of 913.2 per square mile (352.6/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 82.50% White , 13.68% African American , 0.27% Native American , 0.84% Asian , 0.08% Pacific Islander , 0.65% from other races , and 1.97% from two or more races . Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.80% of
2516-885: The company's historically focused business operations. Future plans include classes, living history events and a research library, as well as building a mill similar to the one Work had built. National Register of Historic Places listings in Indiana This is a list of properties and districts in Indiana that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . There are over 2,000 in total. Of these, 44 are National Historic Landmarks . Each of Indiana's 92 counties has at least two listings. The locations of National Register properties and districts (at least for all showing latitude and longitude coordinates below), may be seen in an online map by clicking on "Map of all coordinates". The following are approximate tallies of current listings by county. These counts are based on entries in
2584-524: The eve of war, the Quartermaster Depot began producing a wide range in items, including saddles , harnesses, stoves, and kitchen utensils. Most famously, though, the depot produced 700,000 shirts per month, earning it the nickname "America's largest shirt factory." Meanwhile, the American Car and Foundry Company 's local plant manufactured a variety of products ranging from components for over 228,000 artillery shells to 18,156 cake turners. Shortly after
2652-574: The first shipbuilding took place in Jeffersonville, and steamboats would become key to Jeffersonville's economy. In 1834, James Howard built his first steamboat, named the Hyperion, in Jeffersonville. He established his ship building company in Jeffersonville that year but moved his business to Madison , Indiana in 1836 and remained there until 1844. Howard returned his business to the Jeffersonville area to its final location in Port Fulton in 1849. There
2720-407: The house. There were plans for development to occur on the property. In 1904 three developers from Jeffersonville planned an inter-urban trolley line between Charlestown and Madison, and would have placed a fifty-foot hydroelectric dam where the mill's dam would be, which would have made a 100-acre (0.40 km) lake, for which could be use for public recreation. Engineers at the time decided it
2788-603: The initial collection. Soon, the Carnegie Foundation donated $ 16,000 for the construction of a new library building – a beaux arts , copper-domed landmark. The building was designed by Jeffersonville architect Arthur Loomis . Masonic officials laid the building's cornerstone on September 19, 1903, in Warder Park . When the Carnegie Library opened in 1905, it contained 3,869 volumes. Whereas in later years grants from
John Work House and Mill Site - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-586: The institution cared for more than 16,000 patients and served more than 2,500,000 meals. The Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot had its first beginnings in the early days of the Civil War as a storage depot for the Union Quartermaster Department. As the war came to a close all military supply depots along the Ohio Valley were shut down (except Jeffersonville's), and their supplies were stored at
2924-558: The mill a merchant mill, where farmers would sell the corn to a mill and the mill would process the corn to sell for itself in various forms, from flour to grits to flakes. Some of this would be shipped on the Ohio and the Mississippi River . The original mill wheel was made of oak, but in the mid-19th century the wheels became metal, as wooden wheels only lasted 5–10 years before needing major repairs. When John Hunt Morgan did his 1863 Raid
2992-466: The mill was seen as being in dangered, as Morgan ransomed other Indiana mills such as Beck's Mill . An addition was added to the house in the 1860s. The mill would remain in operation in the 1920s as the sole remaining operating gristmill in Clark County, but would be sparsely used as mills in Louisville were cleaner and more efficient due to their modern technology. However, the mill was often used as
3060-553: The mine was located. If such a mine exists, it has yet to be found. Gold flakes have been found in the stream, enough to fill a vial. Today the property includes a cabin village, a swimming pool, and a dining hall built in 2000. The current dining hall replaced the one from the 1980s that once served as a steakhouse in Jeffersonville . Aside from Scouts, the Civil Air Patrol has used the property for training. The House and
3128-424: The one he had bought in 1804 from the brothers John and James Bates, for which he paid $ 10 an acre 100 acres (0.40 km), but needed repair. It was near the only road leading from Charlestown and New Washington to the growing Madison. Spotting where Fourteen Mile Creek made a S-curve around a limestone ridge and then dropped drastically, five miles (8 km) upcreek from the Ohio River , he decided to create
3196-410: The population. There were 11,643 households, out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.3% were married couples living together, 14.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.8% were non-families. 32.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.30 and
3264-442: The population. There were 18,580 households, of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 37.0% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size
3332-418: The property has seen less use, as George Rogers Clark Council merged with another council, and the rough terrain protects it from development. Since the merger, the camp has been used primarily by Cub Scouts and for winter camping. On November 6, 1996, Andy Campbell, a ranger serving as the caretaker of the property was shot to death by Roger Caldwell, "a diagnosed, paranoid schizophrenic" who trespassed onto
3400-401: The property while drunk. This was the first such incident in the history of Scouting. Campbell was able to drag himself 50 feet (15 m) to call 911. After police arrived on the scene to get information about the drunk from Campbell, they found Caldwell wandering on Ind-62. Caldwell was sentenced to 70 years in prison, with parole possible after 31 years. There are many legends surrounding
3468-468: The property. One involves stepping on a particular step on the McDonald Bridge at night. If stepped upon, a ghost will chase you down to kill you unless you race up the hill before it catches you. Another legend is that a cache of gold is somewhere near the old mill. The ghost of John Work reportedly haunts the remains of the mill. Sadly, these legends made the property a target for vandals and ghosthunters . The current renovators see ghost hunters as
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#17328757424733536-510: The remaining Oak Park area into the city. The population of the city grew to nearly 50,000 citizens, making it the largest annexation in Jeffersonville's history. Conceived in the 1990s and completed in 2014, the Big Four Bridge was converted to a pedestrian bridge in a joint effort between Kentucky and Indiana governments. An average of 1.5 million pedestrians and bicycles cross the roughly-1/2 mile bridge each year. 1/4 mile ramps complete
3604-413: The remains of the mill became part of the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. The restoration of the house was budgeted to cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, and was deemed too expensive for the Lincoln Heritage Council . In 2010, the site was added to the 10 Most Endangered List of Indiana Landmarks , due to the constant vandalism. Earlier in the year, Taylor Rose Historical Outfitters,
3672-439: The top employers in the city included: Greater Clark County Schools (1600), Clark Memorial Hospital (1500), Clark Memorial Hospital Foundation (1066), Heartland Payment Systems (850), and Republic Bank & Trust of Indiana (721). Jeffersonville has a variety of restaurants along the riverfront, downtown, and other areas such as the Quartermaster Depot. These include small bars, restaurants, and fast food chains. Jeffersonville
3740-467: The war ended in 1918, civilian employment at the Quartermaster Depot fell to 445, and military presence dropped to just ten officers and two enlisted . For a brief period in the mid-1920s and early 1930s, Roy E. Davis , a founding member of the 1915 Ku Klux Klan , hosted a series of religious revivals in Jeffersonville. He also moved his First Pentecostal Baptist Church there, and held revivals in neighboring states. Meanwhile, he routinely challenged
3808-601: The war ended, the Navy sold the Howard Shipyard to Jeffboat. Also during World War II , the Quartermaster Depot, in conjunction with Fort Knox , Kentucky, housed German prisoners of war until 1945. Jeffersonville ended segregation in its public schools in 1952, two years before the Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education ruled that segregation was unconstitutional . Prior to this, Jeffersonville High School
3876-436: Was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.95. The median age in the city was 37.3 years. 23.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 29.2% were from 25 to 44; 27.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.8% male and 51.2% female. As of the census of 2000, there were 27,362 people, 11,643 households, and 7,241 families living in
3944-461: Was 49,447 at the 2020 census . Jeffersonville began its existence as a settlement around Fort Finney after 1786 and was named after Thomas Jefferson in 1801, the year he took office. The foundation for what would become Jeffersonville began in 1786 when Fort Finney was established near where the Kennedy Bridge is today. U.S. Army planners chose the location for its view of a nearby bend in
4012-414: Was 7,800 acres (32 km ). The areas received planning and zoning, building permits and drainage issues services immediately, with new in-city sewer rates. Other services were phased in, such as police and fire, and worked jointly with the pre-existing non-city services until they were available. The Clark County Courts dismissed the lawsuits against the city on February 25, 2008. This dismissal brought
4080-468: Was also the first mill in the region to use a series of elevators to move corn called the Evans and Ellicott's machinery, which made milling the work of two people instead of six, a great technological advantage over those who had to carry sacks of corn all the way to the top of the mill so it could be milled step by step. The mill was able to handle 2.5 barrels of corn an hour. Soon after being built, Work's Mill
4148-434: Was later built for better year around use. Work would be credited for building three more mills upstream. The mill started operating in 1819. The mill was ideally situated by being a day's ride from New Albany and Madison , the second and third largest cities in Indiana at the time, and for being so close to Ohio River landings. A sawmill was added to the mill, as was a saltworks , powdermill, and still . Tunnel Mill
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#17328757424734216-564: Was named the county seat in 1812 but it returned to Jeffersonville in 1878, where it remains. In 1813 and 1814 Jeffersonville was briefly the de facto capital of the Indiana Territory , as then- governor Thomas Posey disliked then- capital Corydon and decided to live in Jeffersonville to be closer to his personal physician in Louisville. The territorial legislature remained in Corydon and communicated with Posey by messenger. In 1819
4284-399: Was not feasible. The plan was brought back in 1921, but it was also a failure. 1935 would see the last attempt of such a project, but while a new dam was finished in 1936, it produced no electricity. In 1940 rural electrification finally powered the property. A cemetery containing the plots of John Work, his wife Sarah Jackson, and other Clark County pioneers is located on the property. It
4352-453: Was reserved for white high school students. Meanwhile, black students in grades one through twelve were sent to Taylor High School. While The New York Times held up Jeffersonville as a model for all "southern-minded" cities, integration came at a cost. Though black students were allowed to attend the newly integrated Jeffersonville High School, black instructors previously employed at Taylor High School were terminated. On February 5, 2008,
4420-613: Was seeking an area for a camp. In 1917 local Troop 3 had used the Work property as a summer camp, and used it for three straight summers. On April 2, 1928, Murphy sold the property to the Scouts. Organizations around the area pitched in to improve the property, allowing the camp to open in 1929. A series of three-sided pioneer-style cabins were built near the cemetery in 1933. In 1942 the Scoutmaster's Cabin and Evergreen cabins were completed. In 1950
4488-590: Was the head of UGRR activity in Jeffersonville, hiding escapees in his cellar during the day and sending them on to the next "station" at night. Field was President of the Indiana Antislavery Society and friend of Levi Coffin, the head of the Underground Railroad at Cincinnati and at Richmond, Indiana. The Rev. Calvin Fairbank was arrested in Jeffersonville for helping the woman, Tamar, escape. He
4556-442: Was the most profitable and efficient in the area. Even after most local small mills closed due to not being able to compete with large urban mills, the Tunnel Mill still operated. After Work's death on February 1, 1832, the mill would pass through the hands of several owners, and would change with the times. The Mill under Work was a custom mill, where farmer's would just send corn for their own personal use. Future owners would make
4624-658: Was tried in Louisville and convicted and spent decades in the Frankfort prison. During the Civil War Jeffersonville was one of the principal gateways to the South. This was largely due to its location directly opposite Louisville. Three railroads (including the Jeffersonville Railroad and the Ohio and Mississippi Railway ) served Jeffersonville from the north, as well as the waterway of the Ohio River . Operating in
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