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54-481: Tuineje is a town and a municipality in the southern part of the island of Fuerteventura in the Province of Las Palmas , Canary Islands , Spain. The population is 13,946 (2013), and the area is 275.94 km. The largest town in the municipality is Gran Tarajal , on the south coast. Tuineje was the site of the two battles between the locals and English privateers in 1740. This Canary Islands location article

108-594: A centre linked with the National University of Distance Education , offering courses in many subjects including economics, business studies, law, history and tourism. Fuerteventura is governed by the Island Department of the Government of Spain, which holds the rank of a Government Subdepartment. The government building is located in the centre of the capital city. This institution is charged with representing

162-521: A fess or. Bordure gules, with eight saltires or. Ensigned with a royal crown , open." According to José Manuel Erbez (Banderas y escudos de Canarias, 2007), the coat of arms is based on the arms of the island's provincial militia. The upper quarters represent Castile (symbolized by a castle) and León (symbolized by a lion). The lower quarter alludes to the Saavedra family; various members of this family were lords of Fuerteventura. The elongated island

216-544: A low of around 15 °C (59 °F), whereas during the summer a mean high of 28 °C (82 °F) and a low of 20 °C (68 °F) can be expected. Precipitation is about 147 mm (6 in) per year, most of which falls in autumn and winter. December is the month with highest rainfall. A sandstorm known as the Calima (similar to the Sirocco wind, which blows to the North of

270-516: A minor. Grainville was demolished in 1365. In 1377, the fifteen-year-old Béthencourt entered the service of Louis I, Duke of Anjou , reaching the position of squire. Between 1387 and 1391 he held the honorary post of chancellor of Louis de Valois and Duke of Touraine (later Duke of Orleans). In 1387, King Charles VI of France gave permission to rebuild the castle in Grainville. As lord of Grainville, Béthencourt held seven parishes and rights over all

324-513: A month of each other. Two separate bands of English privateers attempted to loot the town of Tuineje. These attacks were however successfully averted by the local population and the island's militia. This successful repelling of the invaders is celebrated at a re-enactment that takes place in Gran Tarajal every year in October. The island's garrison was officially instated in 1708. Its colonel assumed

378-662: A mortgage of Bethencourt's estate. According to Moreri, King Henry III of Castile entrusted the conquest of the Canaries to Braquemont who gave the commission to Béthencourt. Béthencourt set sail from La Rochelle on 1 May 1402 with eighty men, mostly Gascon and Norman adventurers, including two Franciscan priests (Pierre Bontier and Jean le Verrier who narrated the expedition in Le Canarien ), two Guanches who had been captured in an earlier Castilian expedition and were already baptised, and Jean Arriete Prud'homme who would assist in

432-421: A population of 124,152 at the start of 2023. Throughout its long history, Fuerteventura has suffered from a population decline due to the economic situation and the climate, which have made it into a desert island. However, the development of tourism during the 1980s has caused the population to grow year on year since then, doubling it in a little less than a decade. In 2005, with 86,642 registered inhabitants,

486-769: Is 100 km (62 mi) long and 31 km (19 mi) wide. It has an area of 1,660 km (641 sq mi). Located just 100 km (62 mi) off the coast of North Africa, it is the second biggest of the islands, after Tenerife, and has the longest white sand beaches in the archipelago. The island is a destination for sun, beach and watersports enthusiasts. It lies at the same latitude as Florida and Mexico and temperatures rarely fall below 18 °C (64 °F) or rise above 32 °C (90 °F). It counts 152 separate beaches along its seaboard — 50 km (31 mi) of white sand and 25 km (16 mi) of black volcanic shingle. The highest point in Fuerteventura

540-455: Is Pico de la Zarza (807 m) in the southwestern part of the island. Geographical features include Istmo de la Pared which is 5 km (3 mi) wide and is the narrowest part of Fuerteventura. The island is divided into two parts, the northern portion which is Maxorata and the southwestern part called the Jandía peninsula. Fuerteventura has a hot desert climate ( Köppen : BWh ). The climate

594-558: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Fuerteventura Fuerteventura ( Spanish: [ˌfweɾteβenˈtuɾa] ) is one of the Canary Islands , in the Atlantic Ocean, geographically part of Macaronesia , and politically part of Spain . It is located 97 km (60 mi) away from the coast of North Africa . The island was declared a biosphere reserve by UNESCO in 2009. Fuerteventura belongs to

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648-461: Is divided into six municipalities , as follows: In turn, these municipalities are organised into two associations: the Mancomunidad de Municipios del Centro-Norte de Fuerteventura formed from La Oliva and Puerto del Rosario, and the remaining municipalities make up the Mancomunidad de Municipios del Centro-Sur de Fuerteventura . All municipalities are ruled by a town council, and are members of

702-403: Is home to one of the two surviving populations of the threatened Canarian Egyptian vulture . It is also inhabited by many wild dogs and cats. On the barren, rocky land there are Barbary ground squirrels and geckos . Fuerteventura also hosts several migratory and nesting birds. The island has significant populations of the collared dove , common swifts and several finch species especially in

756-507: Is mild, but mostly windy, throughout the year. The island is hence referred to as the island of eternal spring . The sea regulates air temperature, diverting hot Sahara winds away from the island. The island's name in English translates as "strong fortune" or "strong wind", the Spanish word for wind being viento . During the winter months, temperatures average a high of 22 °C (72 °F) and

810-406: Is relatively abundant, and dragonfly species including the blue emperor ( Anax imperator ) and the scarlet darter ( Crocothemis erythraea ) can be found. The island's sand dunes and shoreline are home to a number of bee and wasp species including the large eumenid caterpillar hunting wasp, Delta dimidiatipenne and the blue banded bee ( Amegilla canifrons ). Hawkmoths also occur on

864-528: Is still used today to describe the people of Fuerteventura and is derived from the ancient word 'mahos', a type of goatskin shoe worn by these original inhabitants. They lived in caves and semi-subterranean dwellings, some of which have been excavated, revealing remnants of early tools and pottery. In antiquity, the island was originally known as Planaria , in reference to the flatness of most of its terrain. Phoenician settlers landed in Fuerteventura and Lanzarote . Several Spanish and Portuguese expeditions to

918-511: Is the second largest of the Canary Islands, after Tenerife . From a geological point of view, Fuerteventura is the oldest island in the archipelago. The island's name is a compound formed by the Spanish words fuerte (either "strong" or "fort") and ventura ("fortune"). Traditionally, Fuerteventura's name has been regarded as a reference to the strong winds ( fuertes vientos in Spanish) around

972-458: The Assistant Parish of Tuineje was created, which became a new parish division on 23 June 1792 under the bishop Tavira, with lands including part of the Jandía peninsular, and with a population of 1,670 inhabitants. 1780 saw the start of a barrilla plantation industry. In 1852, a free trade zone was extended by Isabella II to the Canary Islands. Military island rule, which began in 1708,

1026-636: The Betancuria Brief, edicted the establishment of the Bishopric of Fuerteventura , which encompassed all the Canary Islands save for the island of Lanzarote . The origin of this bishopric is directly related to the events that occurred after the Great Schism (1378–1417), in that the bishop of San Marcial del Rubicón of Lanzarote (at the time, the only diocese in the Canary Islands) did not recognize

1080-578: The Castilian court. At this time a power struggle had broken out on the island between Gadifer and Berthin de Berneval, another officer. Berthin spread dissention between the Normans of Béthencourt and the Gascons of Gadifer. Local leaders were drawn into the conflict and scores died in the first months of Béthencourt's absence. During this time, Gadifer managed to conquer Fuerteventura and to explore other islands. It

1134-468: The Province of Las Palmas , one of the two provinces that form the autonomous community of the Canary Islands. The island's capital is Puerto del Rosario , where the Insule Council is found, the government of the island. Fuerteventura had 124,152 inhabitants (as of 2023 ), the fourth largest population of the Canary Islands and the third of the province. At 1,659.74 km (640.83 sq mi), it

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1188-462: The Schengen territory make it a prime target destination for undocumented immigrants. However, many have perished while attempting the crossing. The flag of Fuerteventura is in proportions 1:2, divided vertically, green to the hoist and white to the fly end , with the coat of arms of the island in the centre. The coat of arms of Fuerteventura was prescribed by a Decree adopted on 15 October 1998 by

1242-694: The Autonomous Community, and on the other, they are the local government centre for the island. In the 2003 elections, Mario Cabrera González was elected as president representing the Canarian Coalition , with 31.02% of the votes, followed by the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party with 27.53%, represented by the Vice President Domingo Fuentes Curbelo. Fuerteventura is part of the Province of Las Palmas . The island

1296-674: The Carthaginians of Cadiz. The Roman writer Pliny the Elder called them "the Fortunate Islands". Genoese navigator Lancelotto Malocello is credited with the rediscovery of the Canary Islands in 1312. In 1339, Majorcan Angelino Dulcert drew the first map of the Canaries, labeling one of the islands "Lanzarote". Jean de Béthencourt, Baron of Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard, was born in Grainville-la-Teinturière , province of Normandy ,

1350-771: The FECAM (Federation of Canarian Municipalities). They are governed by the basic legislation of the local regime and their respective organic rules. About 100 individual settlements are distributed through these municipalities. The largest not being municipal seats are Corralejo (in La Oliva; pop. 10,714 in 2023), Morro Jable (in Pájara; pop. 8,245) Gran Tarajal (in Tuineje; pop. 7,584), and Costa Calma (in Pájara; pop. 5,704), all coastal localities of recent development. Jean de B%C3%A9thencourt The Canary Islands were apparently known to

1404-555: The Fuerteventura population was formed by the following: Comparing this data with the 2001 census shows that the number of permanent residents born on the island has increased by just 3,000. The number who have moved in from abroad has increased by 22,910, making this the biggest contributor to population growth in recent years. The island has 116 schools, with a total of 14,337 pupils. Of these, 45 are primary schools, ten are secondary schools, six are for Baccalaureate students and four are vocational colleges. Fuerteventura also has

1458-876: The Genoese. It is likely that Béthencourt heard stories regarding the Canary Islands from the Genoese, and of the presence of orchil , a lichen used to make a rare and expensive dye . Here too, he again met up with Gadifer de la Salle , whom he had known previously during service under the Duke of Orleans, and who would accompany him to the Canaries. At that time the Canary Islands were mainly frequented by Spanish merchants. To finance his expedition he sold his house in Paris valued at 200 gold francs and some other small pieces of property in December 1401. His cousin, Robert de Bracquemont , French ambassador to Castile, loaned him 7,000 pounds against

1512-535: The Government of Spain on the island, and managing all the functions that are not under control of the Canarian Government. This includes the following public services: Since 30 June 2007, the island's governor has been Eustaquio Juan Santana Gil. 4 The councils, formed as part of the Councils Act of 1912, administer the Canary Islands and have two principal functions. On one hand, they perform services for

1566-695: The Government of the Canary Islands and published on 11 November 1998 in the official gazette of the Canary Islands, No. 142, pp. 13,432–13,433. It was adopted on 24 April 1998 by the Island Council and validated on 18 September 1998 by the Heraldry Commission of the Canary Islands. The heraldic description is " per pale and per fess . First, gules , a castle or, masoned sable , its gate and windows azure . Second, argent , lion gules, crowned, armed and langued or. Third, silver, three fesses chequy gules and or, in four rows, each one charged with

1620-572: The Romans knew the Canary Islands. The indigenous name of the island, before its conquest in the 15th century, was Erbania, divided into two regions (Jandía and Maxorata), from which the name majorero (originally majo or maxo) derives. However, it has been suggested that, at some point, Maxorata (which meant "the children of the country") was the aboriginal toponym of the entire island. The first settlers of Fuerteventura are believed to have come from North Africa. The word Mahorero ( Majorero ) or Maho

1674-702: The Sahara, to Europe) may blow from the Sahara Desert to the Northwest, and can cause high temperatures, low visibility and drying air. Temperatures during this phenomenon rise temporarily by approximately 10 degrees Celsius. The wind brings in fine red dust, The fine white sand is not blown in from Sahara, It is made up of dead coral reef and local seabed upheaval. Visibility can drop to between 100 and 200 m (328.08 and 656.17  ft ) or even lower, and together with very warm temperatures, it can even bring African locusts to

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1728-517: The West coast, the first settlement on the island. After numerous difficulties, Gadifer took charge of the invasion, while Bethencourt returned to Spain to seek the recognition and support of the Castilian king . In 1405, de Béthencourt completed his conquest of the island, establishing its capital in Betancuria (Puerto Rosario took over the mantle as island capital in 1835). In 1424 Pope Martin V , through

1782-557: The capital. Various castles were built along the coastline, to protect against these type of attacks. The population was moved inland as a second protective measure. Because of the raids, a first Captain General was dispatched to Fuerteventura, accompanied by a number of Sergeants Major , to defend the island in the name of the Crown. At that time, Betancuria became the religious capital of the island. Two major attacks took place in 1740, within

1836-458: The conquest as a key adviser and administrator. After passing Cape Finisterre , they put into Cadiz, where he found some of his sailors so frightened that they refused to continue the voyage. Of the eighty crew with which he set out, Béthencourt sailed with fifty-three. He arrived at Lanzarote , the northernmost inhabited island. While Gadifer de la Salle explored the archipelago, Béthencourt left for Cádiz , where he acquired reinforcements at

1890-508: The daughter of Guillaume de Fayel and Marguerite de Chatillon. In 1390 he accompanied the Duke of Touraine on the Barbary Crusade , an expedition organized by Genoese merchants to address North African piracy. The proposal by the doge was presented as a crusade . As such it would give prestige to its participants, a moratorium on their debts, immunity from lawsuits, and papal indulgence . The French force, consisting of 1,500 knights under

1944-612: The goods that crossed his land. He held Grainville as a vassal of the Count of Longueville , Olivier Du Guesclin, son of Bertrand du Guesclin. He later held it under Henry V of England who had taken control as a result of his expeditions in France. Around this time, taking advantage of the instability of relations between England and France, it is likely that Béthencourt engaged in piracy against both sides. In 1392, he married in Paris Jeanne de Fayel,

1998-512: The island coastline, and the resulting danger to nautical adventurers. However, it might have referred instead (or also) to wealth, luck or destiny. In 1339 the Mallorcan navigator Angelino Dulcert , in the Planisferio de Angelino Dulcert , referred to the island as "Forte Ventura". Another theory is that the island's name derives from "Fortunatae Insulae" (Fortunate Islands), the name by which

2052-454: The island in 2018. By the 1940s the island had an airport (just west of Puerto del Rosario on the road to Tindaya, still visible today). Mass tourism began to arrive in the mid-1960s, facilitated by the construction of Fuerteventura Airport at El Matorral and the first tourist hotels. The island's proximity (a mere 100 km) to the West African coast and the fact that it is part of

2106-513: The island, Erbania, is derived from this wall's name. The island's conquest began in earnest in 1402, commanded by French knights and crusaders Jean de Béthencourt and Gadifer de la Salle . They arrived with only 63 sailors out of the original 283, as many had deserted along the way. After arriving and settling in Lanzarote , the invaders made some first excursions to the neighboring islands. In 1404, Bethencourt and Gadifer founded Betancuria , on

2160-416: The island. In the winter months, up to 80% of the rainwater flows unused into the ocean, as there is no vegetation to capture the water (also due to overgrazing by free-ranging goats near the coast). The mountain forests, which were still present in the 19th century, were all chopped down. Instead, there are many desalination plants (running on electricity) which produce the required amount of freshwater on

2214-617: The island. One of the more notable species is Hyles tithymali which feeds on endemic spurges such as Euphorbia regis-jubae . Acherontia atropos , the deaths-head hawkmoth also occurs on the island presumably feeding on members of the Solanaceae , for example, Datura innoxia and Nicotiana glauca which are common weeds in the vicinity of human habitation. The official natural symbols associated with Fuerteventura are Chlamydotis undulata fuertaventurae (hubara or houbara) and Euphorbia handiensis (Cardón de Jandía). The island had

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2268-518: The island. The tourists on the island use about double the amount of water as the native inhabitants of Fuerteventura. Causes are the filling of swimming pools, watering hotel gardens and washing towels. Fuerteventura is the oldest island in the Canary Islands dating back 20 million years to a volcanic eruption from the Canary hotspot . The majority of the island was created about 5 million years ago and since then has been eroded by wind and precipitation. On

2322-665: The islands were organized around 1340, followed by Moors and European slave traders. At the end of the Iberian conquest, the island was divided into two Guanches kingdoms, one adhering to King Guize and the other to King Ayoze. The territories of these kingdoms were called Maxorata (in the North) and Jandía (in the South) respectively. They were separated by a wall, which traversed the La Pared isthmus. Some remains have been preserved. The ancient name for

2376-504: The leadership of Louis II, Duke of Bourbon , lay siege to Mahdia in Tunis. The French were unfamiliar with the terrain, lacked heavy siege equipment, underestimated, and became embroiled in internal quarrels. The Berbers realized that they could not overcome the heavier armed invaders. Tired of the oppressive heat and concerned about the upcoming winter, the French agreed to a treaty negotiated by

2430-549: The papacy of Martin V, and instead adhered to anti-Pope Benedict XIII . The Bishopric of Fuerteventura was based in the Parish of Santa María de Betancuria , bestowing upon the latter the status of Grant Cathedral. After the reabsorbtion of the Diocese of San Marcial del Rubicón by the papacy of Pope Martin V, the Bishopric of Fuerteventura was abolished in 1431, only seven years after it

2484-446: The seabed off the west coast of the island rests an enormous slab of bedrock 22 km (14 mi) long and 11 km (7 mi) wide, which appears to have slid off the island largely intact at some point in prehistory, similar to the predicted future collapse of Cumbre Vieja , a geological fault on another Canary Island, La Palma . The last volcanic activity in Fuerteventura occurred between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. Fuerteventura

2538-493: The son of Jean III Béthencourt and Marie de Bracquemont . During his conflicts with the king of Navarre, King Charles V ordered demolished all fortresses of the region belonging to supporters of Navarre, or those whose owners were unable to ensure their defense. Béthencourt's father was killed in May 1364 at the Battle of Cocherel , serving under Bertrand du Guesclin , and Jean was still

2592-523: The title of Governor at Arms , a hereditary, lifelong appointment which has remained in the Sánchez-Dumpiérrez family. In time, this family increasingly garnered power over the other islands through alliances with the family of Arias de Saavedra and the Lady of Fuerteventura. During the same year the Assistant Parish of La Oliva and Pájara was created, to become operational in 1711. On 17 December 1790,

2646-491: The vicinity of holiday developments. Despite its arid climate, the island is also home to a surprisingly large insect fauna. Butterflies which commonly occur on the island include the clouded yellow ( Colias hyale ) and the bath white ( Pontia daplidice ) which feeds on xerophytic cruciferae . The island is also home to the monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) and its close African relative Danaus chrysippus . Around holiday developments such as Caleta de Fuste , water

2700-539: Was buried in the church of Grainville-la-Teinturière. Some of his distant family had great power and fortune in the islands. Including Ginés de Cabrera Béthencourt , famous for building the Casa de Los Coroneles (House Of The Colonels) in the municipal area that would nowadays be known as La Oliva . To this day, Betancourt and other forms of his surname are quite frequent among Canary Islanders and people of Canary Islander descent, in spite of his death without issue, thanks to

2754-561: Was chosen among 500 European destinations by the Quality Coast International Certification Program of the European Coastal and Marine Union as one of the most attractive tourist destinations for visitors interested in cultural heritage, environment and sustainability. The best beaches to visit are Playa de Cofete, Playas de Jandia, Playas de Corralejo, Playa de Ajuy, and Playas de El Cotillo. The island

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2808-557: Was created. The first census recorded a population of some 1,200 inhabitants. The population increased gradually thereafter. In 1476 the territory became the Señorío Territorial de Fuerteventura , subjected to the Catholic Monarchs . In later years, the island was invaded by the Spanish, French and the English. Over time, the island endured numerous raids. A Berber -led expedition invaded in 1593, sweeping as far inland as

2862-461: Was finally dissolved in 1859, and Puerto de Cabras (now Puerto del Rosario ) - the only municipal seat on the coast - became the new capital. The Canary Islands obtained self-governance in 1912. In 1927, Fuerteventura and Lanzarote became part of the province of Gran Canaria . The seat of the island's government ( cabildo insular ) is located in Puerto del Rosario . A total of 118,574 people lived on

2916-412: Was only with the return of Béthencourt in 1404 that peace was restored to the troubled island. De la Salle and Béthencourt founded the city of Betancuria (as capital of the island of Fuerteventura) in 1404. Years later Bethencourt was defeated by the aboriginals of the island of Gran Canaria ( canarios ) in the battle of Arguineguin at south of the island, getting the title of Great. He died in 1425 and

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