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61-495: Tuao is 44 kilometres (27 mi) from Tuguegarao and 525 kilometres (326 mi) from Manila . When the early Spanish missionaries were busy laying the foundation of a church late in the 16th century at a site about six kilometers from the present town of Tuao, a big bird came circling over them and then alighted on the wooden cross erected to mark the place where the cornerstone was laid. It flapped its wings noisily, cried " battuao, battuao, battuao " and then flew away. When

122-630: A tropical monsoon climate ( Am ), with only a slight difference between summer and winter temperatures, and high year-round humidity. The average maximum temperature during May is 96 °F (36 °C), one of the highest in the country. On May 11, 1969, the highest temperature in the Philippines was recorded in Tuguegarao at 42.2 °C (108.0 °F), beating the previous record of 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) also measured in Tuguegarao in May 1912. Thus,

183-583: A barangay government is the mandate of the mayor and the Sanggunian of the component city or municipality of which the barangay in question is a part. Provinces are classified according to average annual income based on the previous 4 calendar years. Effective July 29, 2008, the thresholds for the income classes for cities are: A province's income class determines the size of the membership of its Sangguniang Panlalawigan , and also how much it can spend on certain items, or procure through certain means. When

244-502: A sham election. He disappeared without a trace in August 1980 after unknown men tried to capture him in front of his students the day before. He was later honored by having his name inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani in recognition of his martyrdom while resisting authoritarianism. In 1975, Tuguegarao was declared as the capital and seat of the regional government of Cagayan Valley (Region II) being

305-477: A significant growth of auto-hub companies with the presence of car showrooms in the city. The City Government of Tuguegarao, through the city's Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Council hosted a meeting with IT-BPO companies Sitel Philippines Inc. and Lee Chiu Property Consultants, Inc. in September 2018 to discuss the possibilities of locating their companies in the city. Initial steps have been made for

366-443: A strong earthquake on December 29, 1949. In protest of abuses committed by Spanish civil officials and soldiers, the inhabitants of Tuao and neighboring Malaueg , rose in revolt in 1718 under Luis Magtangaga and Tomas Sinaguingan . The uprising was put down by Capitan Juan Pablo de Orduna . During World War II , Tuao was the seat of the provincial resistance government of Governor Marcelo Adduru . The Japanese Forces garrisoned

427-555: A term of three years and limited to three consecutive terms and appoint the directors of each provincial department which include the office of administration, engineering office, information office, legal office, and treasury office. The vice governor acts as the president for each Sangguniang Panlalawigan ( SP ; "Provincial Board"), the province's legislative body. Every SP is composed of regularly elected members from provincial districts, as well as ex officio members. The number of regularly elected SP members allotted to each province

488-670: Is DoubleDragon Properties' CityMall Tuguegarao which opened on March 1, 2021, its first mall in the region. Other notable shopping centers include the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center, formerly known as the Mall of the Valley; FCI Citimall, the first shopping mall in Northern Luzon; Brickstone Mall; Primark Town Center Tuguegarao, former site of Paseo Reale Mall; Unitop Mall Tuguegarao; Mart One Department Store and more. Following

549-576: Is almost encapsulated by the Cagayan River in the western and southern side, which explains for its northward expansion, and the Pinacanauan River , a tributary of Cagayan River , in the eastern part. Small bodies of waters are found in the city, such as the Balzain Creek which spans the barangays of Caritan Sur and Balzain. Currently, the creek is continuously drying up due to eutrophication and

610-506: Is autonomous of other provinces within the republic. Each province is governed by two main elected branches of the government: executive and legislative. Judicial affairs are separated from provincial governance and are administered by the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Each province has at least one branch of a Regional Trial Court . The provincial governor is chief executive and head of each province. Provincial governors are elected to

671-465: Is determined by its income class. First- and second-class provinces are provided ten regular SP members; third- and fourth-class provinces have eight, while fifth- and sixth-class provinces have six. Exceptions are provinces with more than five congressional districts, such as Cavite with 16 regularly elected SP members, and Cebu , Negros Occidental and Pangasinan which have twelve each. Every SP has designated seats for ex officio members, given to

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732-522: Is elected at an at-large basis and not apportioned through territory-based districts. Those classified as either "highly urbanized" or "independent component" cities are independent from the province, as provided for in Section 29 of the Local Government Code of 1991. Although such a city is a self-governing second-level entity, in many cases it is often presented as part of the province in which it

793-402: Is geographically located, or in the case of Zamboanga City , the province it last formed part the congressional representation of . Local government units classified as "component" cities and municipalities are under the jurisdiction of the provincial government. In order to make sure that all component city or municipal governments act within the scope of their prescribed powers and functions,

854-634: Is limited by the Philippine Constitution. The President of the Philippines however coordinates with provincial administrators through the Department of the Interior and Local Government . For purposes of national representation, each province is guaranteed its own congressional district . One congressional representative represents each district in the House of Representatives . Senatorial representation

915-558: The National Capital Region , as well as independent cities , are independent of any provincial government. Each province is governed by an elected legislature called the Sangguniang Panlalawigan and an elected governor . The provinces are grouped into eighteen regions based on geographical, cultural, and ethnological characteristics. Thirteen of these regions are numerically designated from north to south, while

976-521: The "unutilized potentials" seen as key in the development of the area. New developments are aimed to spread within the metro area with the construction of a new bridge linking Solana and Tuguegarao. When opened, this bridge will help decongest traffic in Buntun Bridge . As a component city and capital of the Province of Cagayan, government officials in the provincial level are voted by the electorates of

1037-570: The 2020 census, it has a population of 166,334 people, making it the most populous city in Cagayan Province, Cagayan Valley and Northeastern Luzon. A major urban center and primary growth center in the Northeastern Luzon, it is the regional center of Cagayan Valley and also its regional institutional and administrative center. The city is a convergence area for the provinces of Cagayan, Kalinga , Apayao and northern Isabela and one of

1098-443: The 2020 census, the population of Tuao was 63,970 people, with a density of 300 inhabitants per square kilometre or 780 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Tuao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Tuao, belonging to the third legislative district of the province of Cagayan, is governed by a mayor designated as its local chief executive and by a municipal council as its legislative body in accordance with

1159-513: The IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines (IBPAP) and Leechiu Property Consultants (LPC), named Tuguegarao as one of the 25 "digital cities" poised to be prospect growth areas of the information technology and business process management (IT-BPM) sector in the country by 2025. Currently, Tuguegarao has two major public markets, namely, the Don Domingo Public Market — located in

1220-497: The Local Government Code mandates the provincial governor to review executive orders issued by mayors, and the Sangguniang Panlalawigan to review legislation by the Sangguniang Panlungsod (City Council) or Sangguniang Bayan (Municipal Council), of all component cities and municipalities under the province's jurisdiction. The provincial government does not have direct relations with individual barangays. Supervision over

1281-524: The Local Government Code. The mayor, vice mayor, and the councilors are elected directly by the people through an election which is being held every three years. The Schools Division of Cagayan governs the town's public education system. The division office is a field office of the DepEd in Cagayan Valley region. The office governs the public and private elementary and public and private high schools throughout

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1342-894: The National Capital Region, the Cordillera Administrative Region , the Southwestern Tagalog Region (Mimaropa), the Negros Island Region , and the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao are only designated by acronyms. Each province is a member of the League of Provinces of the Philippines , an organization that aims to address issues affecting provincial and metropolitan government administrations. A provincial government

1403-542: The Philippines (EDCOP) and the Key Engineer Corporation to prepare a master plan for spurring economic growth in the Metro Tuguegarao zone. The metropolitan area, known as PIEST , includes the four municipalities of Peñablanca , Iguig , Enrile , Solana and the city of Tuguegarao. A situation analysis made by the consultative bodies found out that agriculture, water resource and tourism sectors were some of

1464-529: The Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. In Tuguegarao, Camp Marcelo Adduru became

1525-525: The Philippines. They are seen as highly developed urban centers where a lot of economic activities take place, and is important to urbanization and development. Tuguegarao is eyed as a center of exponential growth for commerce, industry and service, strengthening its stature as the capital of the Cagayan Valley Region . SM Prime , the largest retail operator in the country, opened SM Center Tuguegarao Downtown on October 12, 2017, as its first mall in

1586-580: The Philippines—42.2 °C (108.0 °F)—hit Tuguegarao on May 11, 1969. Taraw is a palm tree in the area and garao is a reference to the "swift river current". The popular version based on legend is the Ibanags' reply to the Spaniards when asked for the name of the place: Tuggi gari yaw ("this was cleared by fire"). The origin of the city's name is unknown, but historical evidence suggests it

1647-521: The Regional Government Center. Launched on February 4, 2020, by real estate developer DataLand, it will feature a mixed-use superblock of retail shops, transport terminal, hotel and residential condominiums and a business park for BPO companies, financial institutions and major corporations. Nuciti by Vista Estates will become one of the future central business district of Tuguegarao spanning at 100-hectares of prime land currently it will house

1708-627: The Roman Catholic Archdiocese is at St. Peter Metropolitan Cathedral , one of the largest churches in the region. There are also Protestants , Baptist , Church of Christ , Adventists , Born Again groups, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Jehovah's Witnesses , and Philippine-based groups like the Iglesia Filipina Independiente , Iglesia ni Cristo and Members Church of God International that accounts to

1769-546: The Rosevale Towers, restaurants, cafes and in future developments it will feature commercial blocks, office buildings, meeting spaces, condotels, hotels, condominiums and commercial hubs. In May 2019, the National Economic and Development Authority Regional Development Council - Region 2 worked with consulting firms Pacific Rim Innovation and Management Exponents, Inc. (PRIMEX), Engineering and Development Corporation of

1830-520: The city and in Cagayan. Its second mall, SM City Tuguegarao , opened on November 18, 2022, marketed as the largest mall in the Cagayan Valley Region. On July 26, 2018, rival Robinsons Land Corporation opened the mixed-use complex shopping mall Robinsons Place Tuguegarao as the first full-service mall in Cagayan, including a Go Hotels branch, the first in the region. A few kilometers away

1891-567: The city and its airfield was bombed at the opening of the Pacific War on 8 December 1941. The city fell to the Japanese Imperial Army on 12 December 1941, as part of the Japanese invasion of Aparri . The General Headquarters of the 11th Infantry Regiment, Philippine Commonwealth Army , USAFIP-NL was activated in 1942 and stationed in Tuguegarao. Following an escalation of fighting during

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1952-449: The city was tagged as the "Hottest City in the Philippines". Unusually, in months—usually lasts from December to February—where the cool northeast monsoon or locally as amihan surges, temperatures in the city drop to as low as 15 °C (59 °F)—in 2017 —especially in early mornings. Locals parallel the chills felt with that in Baguio . In the 2020 census, the population of Tuguegarao

2013-456: The city's population. These religious organizations have their own temples and churches sparsely located in the city. Some are Islam where their mosque is found in Centro 10 (Riverside). Poverty incidence of Tuguegarao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Within the past three decades, its economy gradually shifted from agriculture to trading, commerce and services. The shift

2074-684: The city. Some are of Chinese and Indian descent. Due to a history of Spanish and other foreign missions, Christianity, in the form of Roman Catholicism, is the predominant religion in Tuguegarao. The present Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Tuguegarao was chiseled from the Archdiocese of Nueva Segovia formerly located in Lal-lo (Nueva Segovia) . It was initially created as a diocese on April 10, 1910, and elevated as an Archdiocese by Pope Paul VI on September 21, 1974. It has jurisdiction over suffragan bishops of Bayombong , Ilagan and Batanes . The seat of

2135-552: The city. The provincial government have political jurisdiction over local transactions of the city government. Provinces of the Philippines In the Philippines , provinces ( Filipino : lalawigan or probinsiya ) are one of its primary political and administrative divisions . There are 82 provinces at present, which are further subdivided into component cities and municipalities . The local government units in

2196-491: The civil authorities founded the town in 1604, the natives insisted that it be called Tuao. Eight years later on May 13, 1612, Tuao was accepted ecclesiastically. Father Miguel de San Jacinto, O.P. gave the town Santos Angeles Custudios (Holy Guardian Angels) as its patron saints. The early missionaries in Tuao were zealous evangelists and tactful pacifiers of warlike natives. One of them was Father Francisco Capillas , who later became

2257-457: The closing months of the war, the Japanese fled to the barrio of Capatan. Tuguegarao was liberated by Allied forces on 25 June 1945. Sitio Capatan was elevated into a barrio (or barangay) of Tuguegarao on April 3, 1959, by Republic Act No. 2107. Loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign caused the Philippine economy took a sudden downwards turn in

2318-538: The effect of pushing moderate student protesters towards the radical left, and causing many of them to go home to their home provinces like Cagayan. Marcos' actions thus lead the Marxist–Leninist–Maoist Communist Party of the Philippines to gain a significant presence in many Cagayan municipalities, although not as much in Tuguegarao itself. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president Ferdinand Marcos placed

2379-756: The establishment of an IT park and a township where BPO companies could locate. Tuguegarao, as the seat of the regional capital of Cagayan Valley , houses the regional headquarters of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas located at the Regional Government Center in Carig Sur. As of 2019, a total of 53 banks are operating in the city such as BPI , BDO , Chinabank , RCBC , EastWest , UnionBank , Robinsons Bank , PNB , Bank of Commerce , Landbank , UCPB , Philippine Postal Savings Bank and others. Major real estate developers Ayala Land — Avida Settings Tuguegarao — and Vista Land — Camella Tuguegarao, Lessandra Cagayan and

2440-611: The expansion of Camella Cagayan (soon Camella Cagayan Trails) — are constructing their housing developments in Cagayan Valley. New condominiums developments are in the city these are Bayani Hall Lecaros, Bayani Hall Twin Towers developed by Vester Corporation and Rosevale Towers developed by Vista Estates. The North Gateway Business Park is an 18-hectare (44-acre) mixed-use township development project located in Barangay Carig Sur, near

2501-650: The fast-emerging cities in the Philippines. Dubbed as the "Gateway to the Ilocandia and the Cordilleras ," the city is located on the southern border of the province where the Pinacanauan River empties into the Cagayan River . It is surrounded by the Sierra Madre Mountains to the east, Cordillera Mountains to the west, and the Caraballo Mountains to the south. The highest temperature ever recorded in

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2562-554: The first martyr in China. The first parish priest, Father Juan B. Cano, O.P. worked patiently with the people. Another missionary, Father Gabriel Serrano, O.P. built a strong brick and mortar church, a rectory (convento) and a fort (cotta) in which the Spaniards and the natives sought refuge every time the town was raided by the Kalingas from the Cordillera ranges. These landmarks were destroyed by

2623-641: The first mayor of the new city. On July 2, 2007, Ting's father, businessman and former municipal mayor Delfin Telan Ting, was elected as the city's second mayor. After the 25-year political dominance of the Tings, however, retired police general Jefferson Soriano won over re-electionist Delfin Ting in the 2013 local elections . However, Soriano's term was marked by multiple charges of corruption that saw him being reinstated several times over his nine years in office. Eventually, he

2684-400: The hotel. During this melee, Aguinaldo fled with about 90 fighters for mountains in the north and went into hiding for several months until he surrendered, only to be cleared of all legal charges by winning reelection in 1992. Tuguegarao became a component city by virtue of Republic Act 8755 dated November 4, 1999, followed by a plebiscite held on December 18, 1999. Randolph Ting was

2745-555: The last months of the 1960s. Known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , this led to social unrest throughout the country beginning with the First Quarter Storm protests of 1970, and incidents of violence like the Plaza Miranda bombing . Marcos responded by vilifying his critics as "communists" and suspending the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus through Proclamation No. 889 in August 1971, but this had

2806-499: The municipality. Tuguegarao Tuguegarao ( / t ʊ ˈ ɡ ɛ ɡ ʌ r aʊ / or / t ʊ ɡ ɛ ɡ ə ˈ r aʊ / ), officially the City of Tuguegarao ( Ibanag : Siyudad nat Tugegaraw ; Itawit : Siyudad yo Tugegaraw ; Ilocano : Siudad ti Tuguegarao ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Tuguegarao [tʊgɛ̝gäˈɾaʊ] ), is a 1st class component city and capital of the province of Cagayan , Philippines . According to

2867-480: The new vicar Fray Tomas Villa, O.P. initiating the construction of a temporary church housing Sts. Peter and Paul as patron saints. In the 1720s, Father Antonio Lobato, O.P. developed a layout of street network together with the construction of the cathedral. In 1839, the provincial capital was transferred to Tuguegarao from Lal-lo as the Cagayan-Manila road opened which spurred socio-economic progress. The town

2928-588: The opening of 7 Eleven stores in Nueva Vizcaya , and Isabela provinces, the Philippine Seven Corporation expanded its reach to the Cagayan with its two branches in the city at College Avenue, near University of Cagayan Valley and at the new Valley Hotel Tower Mall in Balzain. There are currently more than eight branches of 7 Eleven stores as business expansion continues in the city. The city has seen

2989-413: The other 6 southern municipalities. The city is located 481 kilometres (299 mi) north of Manila , which is an hour by plane and ten hours of land travel. Tuguegarao is politically subdivided and comprises into 49 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . There are 31 barangays in the city that are considered urban (highlighted in bold ). Tuguegarao experiences

3050-422: The province's main detention center for "political detainees," who were often never formally charged with a crime, and thus technically not counted by Marcos as "prisoners." Others disappeared without the trace for daring to speak against Marcos, such as Romeo G. Crismo, a teacher at Cagayan Teacher’s College and St. Louis College in Tuguegarao, who criticized the 1973 Philippine constitutional plebiscite as

3111-646: The region's geographic center with adequate facilities and amenities needed by such. Multistory buildings were constructed in the poblacion greatly changing Tuguegarao's skyline in the 1980s and 1990s. On March 4, 1990, former colonel and suspended Cagayan governor Rodolfo Aguinaldo seized the Hotel Delfino using his private army of about 300 men. Aguinaldo stood accused of supporting the Dec. 1–9, 1989 coup attempt against President Corazon Aquino . Brigadier General Oscar Florendo, armed forces chief of Civil Military Relations,

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3172-470: The respective local presidents of the Association of Barangay Captains (ABC), Philippine Councilors' League (PCL), and Sangguniang Kabataan ( SK ; "Youth Council"). The vice governor and regular members of an SP are elected by the voters within the province. Ex officio members are elected by members of their respective organizations. National intrusion into the affairs of each provincial government

3233-546: The town when Adduru was captured late in 1943, but Adduru returned shortly after having been freed by the guerillas early in 1944. Donald Blackburn , "assisted by his intelligence officer Lt. Mariano D. Manawis, from the prominent Daquial family who served in the 11th Infantry;"; staged from Tuao, his guerrilla headquarters, attacks against the Japanese in Tuguegarao . Tuao is politically subdivided into 32 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In

3294-473: The uncontrollable growth of water lilies. Historically, the town was inhabited by Irayas and Itawes who lived and mainly relied on fishing, farming, hunting and livestock raising. In addition, ancient natives have ventured on weaving cloth and making of household and farm implements. Cagayan is divided into three congressional districts , wherein the city is included in the Third District together with

3355-489: The upper part of Poblacion serving as the convergence of agricultural and aquatic products from neighboring towns and provinces — and the Tuguegarao City Commercial Center — formerly known as Mall of the Valley and is located at the Central Business District, receiving the highest daily foot traffic. Large retail operators have shown significant interest to the growth and increase of land value in cities throughout

3416-426: Was 166,334 people with a density of 1,100 inhabitants per square kilometre or 2,800 inhabitants per square mile. It is the most populous and densest city in the Cagayan Valley region. Most of the inhabitants are Ilocanos , Ibanags and Itawes . City's other residents include Kapampangans , Pangasinans , Tagalogs , Cebuanos , Hiligaynons , Maranaos , Maguindanaons and Tausugs —all of whom are not native in

3477-447: Was defeated by Maila Ting-Que, daughter of Delfin Ting, in his 4th reelection bid in the 2022 local elections . This made Ting-Que the first woman to be elected mayor of the city. Tuguegarao's location is in the southern portion of the province. The city is bordered by Iguig to the north; to the west by the Cagayan River and Solana ; Peñablanca to the east; and to the south by Enrile and San Pablo, Isabela . The river delta city

3538-528: Was occupied by American troops on December 12, 1899. Drastic improvements in Tuguegarao were discerned over the course of provincial administrations—the first Provincial Capitol was completed in 1909, a town hall and public market were built, the provincial high school— Cagayan High School —was founded in a former private residence, and the Cagayan Valley College of Arts & Trades was founded by American educator Claude Andrews. During World War II ,

3599-405: Was originally a pre-colonial settlement called Tubigarao . In 1591, the place was listed as a Spanish encomienda . [REDACTED]   Kingdom of Spain 1604–1899 [REDACTED]   United States of America 1899–1941 [REDACTED]   Empire of Japan 1941–1945 [REDACTED]   Philippines 1946–present Tuguegarao was founded on May 9, 1604, as a "mission-pueblo" with

3660-442: Was sent to Tuguegarao by Aquino to serve Aguinaldo with an arrest warrant. After Aguinaldo's men seized control of Hotel Delfino where the general was staying, Florendo was taken hostage along with more than 50 other hotel guests. Florendo was eventually shot inside the hotel and died of his wounds. Following hours of standoff between the two sides, nearly 1,000 government troops launched an attack to dislodge Aguinaldo's forces from

3721-448: Was ushered by Tuguegarao's role as the Regional Government Center and Center of Commerce in Northern Luzon. In early 2016, Tuguegarao City was named as one of the ten emerging cities in the 2015 Next Wave Cities report, conducted by Department of Science and Technology - Information and Communications Technology Office (DOST-ICTO) . On June 30, 2020, the Department of Information and Communications Technology (DICT) , in partnership with

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