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123-522: Southern Sun Hotels was formed in 1969 through a partnership between hotel magnate Sol Kerzner and South African Breweries Limited. At the time, Southern Sun Hotels was the largest hotel group in the Southern Hemisphere. The group started with six hotels including the Beverly Hills hotel in uMhlanga , near Durban. In 1983 the group split, with the casino operations becoming Sun International , and

246-437: A Frank Gehry retrospective at the museum, Gehry designed a canopy, which was installed outside the fifth floor. It remained in place for six years after the retrospective ended. By 2004, museum officials were raising $ 25 million for another restoration of the building and hired Swanke Hayden Connell Architects to survey it. By then, the structure had developed numerous leaks. After architects and engineers determined that

369-428: A "bowl"-shaped massing, with several concrete "bands" separated by recessed aluminum skylights. From the street, the building looks like a white ribbon curled into a cylindrical stack, wider at the top than the bottom, displaying nearly all curved surfaces. Its appearance is in sharp contrast to the typically rectangular Manhattan buildings that surround it, a fact relished by Wright, who claimed that his museum would make

492-582: A "chief culture and inclusion officer" in 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic , the Guggenheim temporarily closed in March 2020. It reopened that October, recording a monthly net loss of $ 1.4 million while closed. It fired numerous staff members during the pandemic. Armstrong announced in mid-2022 that he planned to resign in 2023, and he left the museum at the end of 2023. In June 2024, Mariët Westermann became

615-589: A Continent" in 1996; "China: 5,000 Years" in 1998; "Brazil: Body & Soul" in 2001; and "The Aztec Empire" in 2004. Unusual exhibitions included " The Art of the Motorcycle ", an industrial design installation of motorcycles. The Guggenheim Museum SoHo, designed by Arata Isozaki , opened in June 1992 at the corner of Broadway and Prince Street in SoHo, Manhattan . The SoHo building's exhibits included Marc Chagall and

738-467: A GDP of R20-billion. In 2016, the tourism chairman Peter Rose said “I can confidently say that within the next five years you will not recognise uMhlanga,” Residents of uMhlanga have mixed feelings about the changes such as that it is losing its village appeal while they appreciate the new infrastructure and increased property values. The uMhlanga Rocks Promenade, officially named the Ken O'Connor Promenade after

861-631: A New York museum" during his brief time as director. Thomas M. Messer , director of the Boston Institute of Contemporary Art , succeeded Sweeney as director in January 1961; he worked under Sweeney, who continued to run the foundation. Messer stayed for 27 years, the longest tenure of any director of a major New York art institution. Under his leadership, the museum pivoted toward more contemporary artists, including those from Europe and Latin America. Messer

984-438: A cafe at the southern end of the museum building, the space was instead used by the conservation and framing departments. The foundation proposed adding a lobby and restaurant in the museum's driveway area in early 1973 but had difficulty agreeing on the plans, which were revised that November. As part of the project, designed by Donald E. Freed, the museum closed its driveway and added a dining area and bookstore there. Facing

1107-483: A construction permit on May 23, and work on the museum began on August 14. Wright opened an office in New York City to oversee the construction, which he felt required his personal attention, and appointed his son-in-law William Wesley Peters to supervise the day-to-day work. In practice, neither Wright nor Peters visited the site frequently, so Holden's William Short ended up managing the project. Sweeney wanted

1230-431: A continuous frontage on Fifth Avenue from 88th to 89th Street. This prompted Wright to redesign the new building yet again, proposing a multi-story annex with apartments behind the museum. The foundation also announced that the museum would start exhibiting "objective" works of art, as well as older artwork. Rebay, who disagreed with this policy, resigned as director of the museum in March 1952. Nevertheless, she left

1353-529: A former mayor, is a scenic beach walkway that extends along the coastline of uMhlanga Rocks. The promenade stretches north to south from the northern viewing deck near the uMhlanga Lagoon Nature Reserve to the Durban View Parks and includes key tourist attractions such as the uMhlanga Rocks Lighthouse and the Whalebone Pier. uMhlanga Rocks also features two lifeguard-patrolled beaches: Bronze Beach to

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1476-540: A growing deficit and a shortage of exhibit space, the Guggenheim announced in 1977 that it would raise $ 20 million over the following five years. Museum officials also planned to expand the annex on 89th Street. Messer became director of the Guggenheim Foundation in 1980 and continued to serve as the museum director, promoting two curators to directorial positions. The Guggenheim renovated the Thannhauser wing in

1599-457: A long period of time due to the high E-Coli levels found in the ocean water and this had serious repercussions on Umhlanga Rocks' tourism economy. The sewage crisis had been caused due to a pump station along the Ohlanga River that had been overflowing for several months, however on 23 November 2022, the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality confirmed that the pump station was repaired in time for

1722-491: A lozenge-shaped shaft, which contains a stairway. A ten-story tower at the museum's northeastern corner, with offices, artist's studios and apartments, included in Wright's 1951 plan for the museum was a rectangular structure, aligned on a north–south axis, and would have contained porches at each story on the northern and southern elevations. Wright's original plan for the tower went unrealized, largely for financial reasons, until

1845-504: A month of these criticisms, the museum hired its first full-time black curator, Ashley James . An investigation by a law firm hired by the museum found "no evidence that Ms. LaBouvier was subject to adverse treatment on the basis of her race". The museum's Artistic Director and Chief Curator, Nancy Spector , left the institution in 2020 after 34 years. The Guggenheim approved a plan for increasing racial diversity in August 2020, and it hired

1968-670: A move that has been criticized for "fragmenting the urban fabric" and furthering "the new apartheid" in Greater Durban. The opening of the King Shaka International Airport in La Mercy , near uMhlanga in 2010, replacing the Durban International Airport , south of Durban was one of the main factors that triggered the fast growing development in uMhlanga. Due to the economic boom in the uMhlanga area as well as

2091-507: A movie theater in the basement, an elevator tower topped by an observatory, and a smaller building featuring a smaller theater, in addition to storage space, a library, and a cafe. Preliminary plans also included apartments for Guggenheim and Rebay, but these plans were scrapped. Guggenheim acquired an additional parcel of land on 88th Street that July. Wright built a model of the museum at Taliesin , his home in Wisconsin, and displayed it at

2214-455: A mystic language was spoken". Some of the museum's staff and trustees wished to oust Rebay and cancel Wright's design. Wright, however, persuaded several members of the Guggenheim family to acquire additional land on Fifth Avenue so his design could be developed in full. To accommodate the growing collection, in August 1951 the Guggenheim Foundation acquired an apartment building at 1 East 88th Street to remodel for museum use. It now owned

2337-569: A portion of her personal collection to the foundation in her will. Shortly after Rebay resigned, Wright filed plans for the building, which was now projected to cost $ 2 million. It was renamed the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 1952. James Johnson Sweeney was appointed the museum's director in October 1952. He expanded the foundation's collecting criteria, rejecting Rebay's dismissal of "objective" painting and sculpture, and started exhibiting some of

2460-575: A price of R3,1 billion The Oceans uMhlanga development is the largest private sector investment in South African history narrowly beating the Pearls of Umhlanga at R3,0 billion. As the most prominent commercial node in the Greater Durban metropole, uMhlanga hosts the head offices of numerous major national and international corporations, including: uMhlanga is known for the Gateway Theatre of Shopping ,

2583-415: A red-colored exterior, which was never realized. Instead, the facade was covered in an ivory-colored coating of vinyl plastic, known as a "cocoon". The engineers involved in the original construction thought that the "cocoon" would not crack, so the facade was built without expansion joints ; they were wrong: the facade cracked in subsequent years. During subsequent renovations, conservators found that

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2706-407: A round concrete facade, while the upper two stories are cantilevered outward from the monitor's core. The third story contains rectangular aluminum windows with semicircular panes at their tops. The fourth story contains a square terrace and additional windows. Above the fourth story is a fascia with lozenge patterns, as well as a hexagonal roof with an aluminum frame. The roof is interrupted by

2829-433: A smaller sculpture exhibition the previous year, where he learned how to compensate for the space's unusual geometry by constructing special plinths at a particular angle, but this was impossible for one piece, an Alexander Calder mobile whose wire inevitably hung at a true plumb vertical. After Messer acquired a private collection from art dealer Justin Thannhauser in 1963, the Guggenheim hired Peters to renovate

2952-527: A spiritual and utopian aspect ( non-objective art ). Guggenheim completely changed his collecting strategy, turning to the work of Wassily Kandinsky , among others. He began to display his collection to the public at his apartment in the Plaza Hotel in New York City. Guggenheim and Rebay initially considered building a museum at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan . As the collection grew, Guggenheim established

3075-416: A structure to house and display the collection. Rebay thought the 76-year-old Wright was dead, but Guggenheim's wife Irene Rothschild Guggenheim knew better and suggested that Rebay contact him. Wright accepted the opportunity to experiment with his "organic" style in an urban setting, saying that he had never seen a museum that was "properly designed". He was hired to design the building in June 1943. He

3198-408: A symbolic meaning to the building's shapes: "[T]hese geometric forms suggest certain human ideas, moods, sentiments – as for instance: the circle, infinity; the triangle, structural unity; the spiral, organic progress; the square, integrity." Forms echo one another throughout: oval-shaped columns, for example, reiterate the geometry of the fountain. Circularity is the leitmotif, from the main gallery to

3321-465: A vertical rather than horizontal form, far different from his earlier, rural works. Since he was not licensed as an architect in New York, he relied on Arthur Cort Holden, of the architectural firm Holden, McLaughlin & Associates, to deal with New York City's Board of Standards and Appeals . From 1943 to early 1944, Wright produced four differing designs. One had a hexagonal shape and level floors for

3444-443: Is a curved wall, which forms the base of the main gallery. There is a ramp adjacent to this wall, which leads to the basement auditorium. At the southeast corner of the museum, on 88th Street, is a rectangular structure, which contains no openings except for five circular portals at ground level. The structure contains the museum's cafe, which was part of Wright's original plans but was not developed until 1992. The second floor of

3567-582: Is a new office node situated on the hillside overlooking the Indian Ocean . The area combines office estate, commercial, mixed-use , residential, leisure developments and managed open spaces. The node is home to business' regional offices in KwaZulu-Natal such as Investec , eNCA , Vodacom . Somerset Park is a residential suburb on the ridge above La Lucia and its residences are notably uniform with their design with similar green colonial-designed roofs to

3690-415: Is also a sizable Portuguese population. The number of people from each racial group increased between 2001 and 2011. The number of white people increased from 11,523 to 12,925 while the percentage dropped from 74.9% to 53.3%. The number of black people increased from 1,770 to 4,147. The number of "Indians or Asians" increased from 1,953 to 6,353. The number of coloureds increased from 141 to 297. As of

3813-489: Is at the center of the Fifth Avenue facade. It consists of an aluminum-framed glass wall with several doors, recessed within a low foyer. A doorway directly in front of the entrance leads to the bookstore, while the museum galleries are accessed by doors to the right. Above the main entrance is a "bridge" connecting the main gallery and monitor building, which is supported by several lozenge-shaped piers . The underside of

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3936-535: Is connected by a series of pedestrian-friendly roads, parks and public spaces. The Town Centre is easily accessed by a network of major roads, including the N2. The new uMhlanga Ridge Town Centre has been under construction for almost a decade. Vela VKE consulted on the structural input for the design of the grade separation bridge and two parking court structures. Civil infrastructure costs amount to R200 million to date. uMhlanga Rocks, also commonly known as uMhlanga Village,

4059-472: Is located on the southern boundary of uMhlanga with Durban North and is located on the hillside overlooking the Indian Ocean. La Lucia is one of the most upmarket suburbs of Greater Durban. In 2017, according to property agency, Private Property, La Lucia was ranked as the 2nd most expensive suburb in Greater Durban after the neighbouring Mt Edgecombe Country Club Estate. Formerly sugarcane fields, Ridgeside

4182-400: Is notable for its architecture inspired by Frank Lloyd Wright's Guggenheim museum design. In 2022 the property commemorated 50 Years of operation. The Sandton Convention Centre is one of South Africa's largest multi-purpose event and conference venues. The centre has 22,000m² over seven storeys, and can host up to 10,000 visitors. Since opening in 2000 it has hosted events such as Miss World,

4305-484: Is one of the safest areas in the Greater Durban area. The Durban North precinct which includes a small slice along the coast of Durban North, all of uMhlanga and eMdloti maintained a murder rate of around 7 per 100,000 from 2016 to 2019, about 1/5 of the national average of 35.9 in 2017. Between March 2018 and March 2019, police recorded 3 murders, 136 robberies and 318 residential burglaries. The number of residential burglaries halved between 2014 and 2019 possibly linked to

4428-402: Is situated on the northern urban outskirts of the Greater Durban metropolitan area and is often considered a suburb of Durban , just 16 km (10 mi) from the city centre. It shares borders with Durban North to the south and Mount Edgecombe to the west. Situated along the Indian Ocean coastline, uMhlanga lies on a prominent ridge overlooking the ocean, gently sloping from uMhlanga Rocks along

4551-574: Is the coastal strip east of the M4 and is the most established area of uMhlanga, established prior to the sprawling development of the suburbs on the ridge above. The “village” has many luxury hotels and apartments right on the beach, including the Cabana Beach Hotel, the Beverly Hills Hotel, The Oyster Box Hotel , the uMhlanga Sands Hotel and Pearls of uMhlanga apartments. Many of these have views of

4674-480: Is the main arterial road through uMhlanga, extending southward toward Durban North . Additionally, the M47 , called uMhlanga Ridge Boulevard, offers a direct connection between uMhlanga and Cornubia to the west. Prior to 1 December 2023, vehicle registration plates in uMhlanga started with NUR - N for Natal, UR for uMhlanga Rocks. NUR also covered the surrounding areas of eMdloti and Mount Edgecombe . uMhlanga

4797-462: The Hirshhorn collection . In particular, there were difficulties installing three-dimensional sculptures because the slope of the floor, and the curvature of the walls could combine to produce vexing optical illusions. Though the combination proved generally to work well in the Guggenheim, Messer recalled that, at the time, "I was scared. I half felt that this would be my last exhibition." He had staged

4920-587: The New York Supreme Court upheld the Board of Estimate's decision. Thomas Krens , former director of the Williams College Museum of Art , took over as the director of both the museum and the foundation in January 1988. Over his nearly two-decade tenure, he led a rapid expansion of the museum's collections, and the museum mounted some of its most popular exhibitions, including "Africa: The Art of

5043-608: The Riverdale section of the Bronx, overlooking the Hudson River . Guggenheim felt that the Fifth Avenue site's proximity to Central Park was important, as the park afforded relief from the noise, congestion and concrete of the city. Wright's preliminary sketches fit the site nearly perfectly, although the site was about 25 feet (7.6 m) narrower than what Wright anticipated. Guggenheim approved Wright's sketches in mid-1944. Wright called

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5166-455: The September 11 attacks in 2001, the museum faced budgetary deficits, as one-quarter of its revenue came from ticket sales. Lewis donated $ 12 million to the museum in 2002 under the condition that Krens tighten the budget. Despite having given $ 77 million, more than any other donor in the Guggenheim's history, Lewis did not have as much influence over the board's decisions as did top donors at

5289-550: The Sibaya Coastal Precinct inland to eMdloti It is estimated that it will cost R25-50 billion to develop. It will include around 9000 houses as well as numerous social and public facilities. The new uMhlanga Ridge Town Centre has seen major expansion with many apartment complexes and businesses being built. The estimated R25 billion Cornubia development is being built across the N2 from the new town centre and will include 24000 low and middle income houses. In late 2017

5412-514: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation , in 1937, to foster the appreciation of modern art . The foundation's first venue, the Museum of Non-Objective Painting , opened in 1939, under Rebay's direction, at 24 East 54th Street in midtown Manhattan. Under her guidance, Guggenheim sought to include in the collection the most important examples of non-objective art by early modernists. He wanted to display

5535-625: The Zulu language , and the correct pronunciation of "hl" in uMhlanga is similar to the Welsh "ll" . uMhlanga is well known for the Gateway Theatre of Shopping , the largest shopping mall in the Southern Hemisphere . It also has the second-tallest skyscraper in South Africa, Pearl Sky, at 183 m. uMhlanga is one of the fastest-growing towns in South Africa; its population increased 57.5% from 15,387 in

5658-416: The uMhlanga Rocks Lighthouse . It has a large increase in population during the summer months. uMhlanga, specifically the former sugarcane fields of uMhlanga Ridge, has become the focus of development in the Greater Durban metropolitan area developing into one of metro’s economic hubs due to many businesses relocating offices from Durban CBD (similarly to Sandton forming the new centre of Johannesburg ),

5781-478: The 2001 census to 24,238 in the 2011 census. uMhlanga derives its name from the Zulu language and means "place of reeds", referring to the beds of reeds growing along the Ohlanga River north of uMhlanga Rocks. The Oyster Box , a luxury hotel since the 1950s, was built as a beach cottage in 1869, before the town had even been founded. In 1895, Sir Marshall Campbell founded uMhlanga. The town's first hotel

5904-458: The 2011 census, the most black area is the new town centre area which is 24.1% black. The most white area is the northern coastal area of Greater Durban including the uMhlanga Village which is 66.9% white. The most Indian area is the woodlands which is 46.0% Indian. The expensive new developments tend to have higher Indian populations than the average for uMhlanga while the lower cost developments tend to have higher Indian and black populations than

6027-483: The Arnold Classic South Africa, and FIFA World Congress. Umhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal uMhlanga , alternatively rendered Umhlanga , is a residential, commercial and resort town north of Durban on the coast of KwaZulu-Natal , South Africa . It is part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality , which was created in 2000 and includes the greater Durban area. The name means "place of reeds" in

6150-576: The Bohen Foundation. The collection, which includes around 8,000 works as of 2022 , is shared with sister museums in Bilbao, Spain , and Venice, Italy . In 2023, nearly 861,000 people visited the museum. Solomon R. Guggenheim , a member of a wealthy mining family, began collecting works of the old masters in the 1890s. In 1926, he met artist Hilla von Rebay , who introduced him to European avant-garde art, in particular abstract art that she felt had

6273-696: The Cape Town City Bowl. In 2016 the group began managing Crowne Plaza Rosebank and Holiday Inn Sandton. In June 2019 the business unbundled into separate hotel and gaming interests. This resulted in Tsogo Sun Hotels (now Southern Sun) and Tsogo Sun Gaming being separately listed on the JSE. In February 2022 Hospitality Property Fund delisted from the JSE and became a wholly owned subsidiary of Southern Sun (previously known as Tsogo Sun Hotels). In May 2022 Tsogo Sun Hotels rebranded back to Southern Sun and in August of

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6396-435: The Guggenheim . The renovation cost $ 29 million and was funded by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation's board of trustees, the city's Department of Cultural Affairs , the New York state government, and MAPEI Corporation. Meanwhile, during the early 2000s, Krens was involved in a long-running dispute with Lewis, who was also chairman of the foundation's board of directors. When admission declined by 60 percent following

6519-654: The Guggenheim's first female director. She had been the vice chancellor of New York University Abu Dhabi since 2019 and was its provost when it was formed in 2007 and was responsible for, among other things, its first climate action plan. She earned Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in the History of Art from New York University Institute of Fine Arts . Wright's design for the Guggenheim Museum incorporated geometric motifs, such as squares, circles, rectangles, triangles and lozenges . The massing contains two spiraling structures,

6642-524: The Hawaan Forest. The construction of the Gateway Theatre of Shopping by Old Mutual Properties (opened in 2001) marked a significant change for the uMhlanga area, creating rapid commercialisation and urban sprawl in the area and had a crucial role in the development of the then small town of Umhlanga, lying just outside Durban. The Greater Durban metropolitan area is seeing expansion into areas near

6765-568: The Hawaan forest to the north which is the natural habitat of many creatures such as the vervet monkey . The monkeys often venture into the greater city in search of food from residents and unsuspecting tourists. In November 2009, the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality submitted a list of places in the municipality to the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Geographic Names Committee to be changed from their anglicised names to

6888-463: The Jewish Theater , Paul Klee at the Guggenheim Museum , Robert Rauschenberg: A Retrospective , and Andy Warhol: The Last Supper . It did not meet visitor forecasts and closed in 2002. Shortly after becoming director, Krens decided to spend $ 24 million renovating the Guggenheim. Work commenced in late 1989. The museum initially remained open, but later closed for 18 months. The monitor wing

7011-496: The Plaza Hotel that September. The building's construction was delayed, first because of material shortages caused by World War II, then by increasing construction costs after the war. By late 1946, Guggenheim and Rebay had redesigned the basement theater to accommodate concerts. Rebay and Wright disagreed over several aspects of the design, such as the means by which the paintings were to be mounted, although they both wanted

7134-579: The R1,8 billion Cornubia Mall opened to the public. In the uMhlanga Village, the final phase of the Pearls of Umhlanga, Pearl Sky was completed in 2017 which includes a shopping mall. Adjacent and inland of the Pearls of Umhlanga on Lagoon Drive , the Oceans uMhlanga development has already seen the opening of its 5-star Radisson Blu Hotel tower in June 2022 and its new luxury shopping centre, Oceans Mall in November 2022. At

7257-575: The Seychelles, Lusaka, Maputo, Dar es Salaam, and Nairobi. In 1991 Southern Sun delisted from the JSE to become a wholly owned subsidiary of South African Breweries. In the same year Southern Sun entered into a joint venture with Accor SA to develop the Formula 1 and Formula Inn hotel brands in South Africa. In 1995 Tsogo Sun Holdings was constituted as a bidding consortium between Southern Sun and numerous black empowerment partners to form Tsogo Sun Gaming . In

7380-650: The Seychelles. Sandton Sun & Towers - In 2022 Southern Sun rebranded the InterContinental Sandton Towers Hotel to Sandton Towers. The two properties offer a combined 557 rooms. Sandton Towers uniquely has direct access to the Sandton Convention Centre, and Sandton Sun is the only hotel on Sandton Sun's Diamond Walk. Beacon Island – Located in Plettenberg Bay, this resort is one of South Africa's longest running hotels. The property

7503-498: The action as consistent with the museum's principles by expanding its international collection and building its "postwar collection to the strength of our pre-war holdings", and noted that museums regularly conduct such sales. He also expanded the foundation's international presence by opening museums abroad. Krens was also criticized for his businesslike style and perceived populism and commercialization. One writer commented, "Krens has been both praised and vilified for turning what

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7626-578: The adjacent Mt Edgecombe Country Club Estate. uMhlanga Ridge is a new retail, office and residential node situated on the ridge overlooking the Indian Ocean , making up the most recent expansion in uMhlanga. It was largely developed on sugarcane land by property development company, Moreland Estates, owned by the Tongaat Hulett sugar group. Located on the ridge are Gateway Theatre of Shopping and other shopping centres, motor dealerships, two private hospitals and many offices. uMhlanga Ridge Town Centre

7749-508: The annex's fourth-floor gallery after him in 1993. To finance the renovation and new acquisitions, the foundation sold works by Kandinsky, Chagall , and Modigliani , raising $ 47 million. This move was controversial, drawing considerable criticism for trading masters for "trendy" latecomers. In The New York Times , critic Michael Kimmelman wrote that the sales "stretched the accepted rules of deaccessioning further than many American institutions have been willing to do." Krens defended

7872-473: The average. The older parts of uMhlanga (such as uMhlanga Village) tend to have higher white populations than the average. In 2022, the eThekwini Metro faced a massive sewage problem due to failures in its water treatment plants which were further exacerbated by the April floods which destroyed several sewage infrastructures. uMhlanga was one of the worst affected areas in the metropolis with its beaches closed for

7995-622: The board continued, and Krens stepped down as foundation director in February 2008. Richard Armstrong , former director of the Carnegie Museum of Art , became the director of the museum and the foundation in November 2008. The New York Times said the Guggenheim Foundation had selected him because his "calmer, steadier presence" contrasted with the "nearly 20 often tumultuous years of Mr. Krens's maverick vision". In addition to its permanent collections, which continued to grow under his direction,

8118-476: The boundaries of the Northern MRP within the eThekwini Municipality. uMhlanga Rocks Tourism serves as the official tourism board, promoting and marketing this vibrant stretch of coastline. While uMhlanga has evolved into a major commercial node, it remains traditionally a resort town and continues to be one of South Africa's most popular tourist destinations. There were 1.2 million visitors in 2015 which generated

8241-399: The bridge contains recessed lighting that illuminates the main entrance. The main entrance was originally the entrance to a driveway that curved toward 89th Street, with separate entrances to the monitor and main gallery. The glass wall was installed after the driveway was closed in the 1970s, and the museum's bookstore was placed directly behind the wall. To the south of the main entrance

8364-492: The building was structurally sound, renovations began in September 2005 to repair cracks and modernize systems and exterior details. The restoration mainly consisted of exterior and infrastructure upgrades, preserving as many historical details as possible while allowing museum operations to continue. On September 22, 2008, the Guggenheim celebrated the project's completion with the premiere of artist Jenny Holzer 's tribute For

8487-591: The city's other art museums. Lewis resigned from the board of directors in 2005, expressing opposition to Krens's plans for additional museums around the world. Longtime curator Lisa Dennison was hired as the museum's new director in 2005, working under Krens, who continued to direct the foundation. By 2006, the museum faces a $ 35 million deficit, even as Dennison rejected the idea of funding exhibits through corporate sponsorships. Dennison resigned in July 2007 to work at auction house Sotheby's . Tensions between Krens and

8610-490: The coastline towards uMhlanga Ridge at the crest of the ridge. Along the coastline lies the suburb of uMhlanga Rocks, which contains the traditional commercial centre of uMhlanga. The ridge, which borders Mount Edgecombe to the west includes the suburbs of uMhlanga Ridge, Prestondale, Izinga Estate, Sunningdale and Somerset Park. The slope between the ridge and the coastline include the suburbs of La Lucia , Ridgeside and Herrwood Park. A formerly independent suburb, La Lucia

8733-530: The collection at the 1939 New York World's Fair in Queens , but Rebay advocated for a more permanent location in Manhattan. By the early 1940s, the foundation had accumulated such a large collection of avant-garde paintings that the need for a permanent museum was apparent, and Rebay wanted to establish it before Guggenheim died. In 1943, Rebay and Guggenheim wrote a letter to Frank Lloyd Wright asking him to design

8856-535: The consolidation of the 734 room Southern Sun Elangeni & Maharani hotel and invested $ 70 million into the Southern Sun Ikoyi hotel in Lagos, Nigeria. In 2014, after 45 years, SABMiller disposed of its stake in the group and the investment was placed in the local and international market. Southern Sun Abu Dhabi opened in the same year. In 2015 construction began on the 500 room SunSquare and StayEasy hotel complex in

8979-588: The correct Zulu spelling. In the list, the town "Umhlanga Rocks" was to be changed to "uMhlanga Rocks" which meant the '"u" in the spelling would change from an uppercase to a lowercase. On 1 October 2010, the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Arts and Culture gazetted the list of approved name changes which included the town of Umhlanga Rocks. Ever since the name change, the South African National Roads Agency Ltd. (SANRAL) has changed

9102-580: The design again in 1955, though these savings were canceled out by increasing construction costs. Four general contractors submitted bids in late 1954, and the foundation ultimately hired the Euclid Construction Corporation. The museum rented the Oliver Gould Jennings House at 7 East 72nd Street and relocated there before construction began. On May 6, 1956, demolition of the site's existing buildings began. The DOB issued

9225-465: The design to "reflect the unity of art and architecture". Wright continued to modify his plans during the late 1940s, largely because of concerns over the building's lighting, and created another model of the museum in 1947. The collection was greatly expanded in 1948 through the purchase of art dealer Karl Nierendorf 's estate of some 730 works. Progress remained stalled through the late 1940s, and William Muschenheim renovated an existing townhouse on

9348-520: The early 1980s. Following these changes, John Russell of The New York Times wrote that the Thannhauser Collection "may now be said to be the equivalent of the Frick in the domain of modern art." " Works & Process ", a series of performances at the Guggenheim, commenced in 1984. In 1982 Gwathmey Siegel & Associates Architects drew up designs for an 11-story annex on 88th Street, behind

9471-407: The existing museum building. The original plan, announced in 1985, would have cantilevered over the existing building. The design was downsized to 10 stories in early 1987 due to opposition from local residents. At the time, the building could only exhibit 150 pieces, about 3 percent of the museum's 5000-work collection. In anticipation of the annex's construction and a wider-ranging renovation of

9594-513: The facade was originally painted brownish yellow, which was covered with numerous coats of white or off-white paint over the years. The sidewalk in front of the museum acts as a forecourt , with metal circles inset into its surface, similar in design to the floor inside the museum. Next to the sidewalk are curving parapets that surround planting beds, some of which are below ground level. The planting beds originally contained shrubs, sycamore trees, and other vegetation. The museum's main entrance

9717-544: The festive season which brings in a lot of income for uMhlanga's economy. Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , often referred to as The Guggenheim , is an art museum at 1071 Fifth Avenue between 88th and 89th Streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City. It hosts a permanent collection of Impressionist , Post-Impressionist , early Modern , and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout

9840-452: The first black woman curator to create a solo exhibition and first black person to write a text published by the museum. She accused the museum of racism and alleged that, among other things, officials withheld resources and refused to let journalists interview her, though an article in The Atlantic described LaBouvier as being hostile toward people who commented on her exhibition. Within

9963-399: The foundation has administered loan exhibitions and co-organized exhibitions with other museums to foster public outreach. The museum hosted exhibitions such as America (2016), one of the smallest ever hosted there. About 140 maintenance workers and art installers joined a labor union in 2019, the first time the museum's employees had unionized. That year, Chaédria LaBouvier became

10086-449: The galleries, though all the others had circular schemes and used a ramp continuing around the building. In his notes, he indicated that he wanted a "well proportioned floor space from bottom to top—a wheel chair going around and up and down". His original concept was called an inverted " ziggurat ", because it resembled the steep steps on the ziggurats built in ancient Mesopotamia . Several architecture professors have speculated that

10209-472: The group restructured resulting in Tsogo Sun having 51% black ownership from various empowerment consortiums with the balance of the shares owned by SABMiller. Subsequent to this, Hoskens Consolidated Investments (HCI) became the largest shareholder of the group. In 2005 the group rebranded several hotels to Southern Sun Hotels, Garden Court and StayEasy. The group also opened the first SunSquare branded property in

10332-588: The helical ramp and glass dome of Giuseppe Momo 's 1932 staircase at the Vatican Museums was an inspiration for Wright's ramp and atrium. Wright expected that the museum would be in lower Manhattan . Instead, in March 1944, Rebay and Guggenheim acquired a site on Manhattan's Upper East Side , at the corner of 89th Street and the Museum Mile section of Fifth Avenue , overlooking Central Park . They considered numerous locations in Manhattan, as well as

10455-495: The hotels remaining as Southern Sun. In 1985 the group acquired the Holiday Inn South Africa hotel group. This expanded operations from 27 to 50 hotels throughout the country. Between 1985 and 1990 the group became one of the largest fanchisees of Holiday Inn, Crowne Plaza, Holiday Inn Garden Court, and Express by Holiday Inn brands. During the 1990s the group expanded beyond South Africa. Hotels were opened and acquired in

10578-434: The inlays in the museum's terrazzo floors. Wright originally wanted to construct a marble facade, but builder George N. Cohen constructed the facade of gunite , a type of sprayed concrete, as a cost-cutting measure. Wright's and Cohen's names appear on a tile placed along the building's exterior; this is likely the only time when Wright and a builder shared credit for a building's construction. Wright had also proposed

10701-524: The largest cash donation in the museum's history, with the Fifth Avenue building to be renamed for him and his wife. The next month, Ronald O. Perelman announced that he would also donate $ 10 million. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), which had designated the building as a landmark, repeatedly refused to allow officials to place a sign with LeFrak's name outside the building. Consequently, LeFrak rescinded $ 8 million of his donation. Peter B. Lewis donated $ 10 million in 1995 for

10824-646: The largest mall in KwaZulu-Natal and the third largest in South Africa. The development of Gateway and other shopping centres such as Oceans Mall, Pearls Mall, Umhlanga Centre, The Crescent, and La Lucia Mall has transformed uMhlanga into a significant retail and entertainment node in the Greater Durban region. uMhlanga is part of the uMhlanga Coast, also known as the FunShine Coast, which includes Durban North , Mount Edgecombe , Verulam , oThongathi , eMdloti , La Mercy , and Westbrook . This region aligns with

10947-459: The media on October 20, 1959. It was formally dedicated the next day, drawing 600 visitors per hour. Its design was generally able to accommodate the retrospectives and temporary exhibits that it hosted over the years. Sweeney resigned as the museum's director in July 1960, citing philosophical differences with the board of trustees, and H. H. Arnason took over as temporary director. He launched "the first survey of Abstract Expressionism in

11070-454: The monitor's second floor. Thannhauser's collection was displayed within the monitor after the renovation was completed in 1965. The foundation auctioned off artwork from the 15th and 16th centuries, which was incompatible with the museum's modern-art collection. Rebay, who died in 1967, bequeathed over 600 artworks to the Guggenheim, although the museum did not receive the collection until 1971. To raise money for further acquisitions, such as

11193-601: The monitor, and there are additional galleries in the annex and a learning center in the basement. The museum building's design was controversial when it was completed but was widely praised afterward. The building underwent extensive renovations from 1990 to 1992, when the annex was built, and it was renovated again from 2005 to 2008. The museum's collection has grown over the decades and is founded upon several important private collections, including those of Guggenheim, Karl Nierendorf , Katherine Sophie Dreier , Justin Thannhauser , Rebay, Giuseppe Panza , Robert Mapplethorpe , and

11316-485: The museum to show 6 percent of its collection. The renovation was completed on June 27, 1992. The museum's offices were moved to the annex, the basement, and the former Guggenheim Museum SoHo, and storage space and conservation activities were moved to other buildings. The new annex allowed the museum to show more works from its permanent collection, as well as temporary exhibitions. The foundation acquired 200 photographs from Robert Mapplethorpe in 1992 and renamed

11439-468: The nearby Metropolitan Museum of Art "look like a Protestant barn". At the top of the "bowl" is a parapet , which surrounds three smaller skylights, as well as the large twelve-sided dome atop the main gallery. The northern part of the bridge contains a four-story wing, originally known as the monitor. Although the monitor's interior is cylindrical, its exterior contains different materials and shapes on each story. The monitor's first two stories contain

11562-458: The new airport located nearby, various developments are under way which will substantially increase the population over the next two decades. In just over twenty years, uMhlanga has grown from a small beachside holiday destination on the North Coast to Greater Durban's premier business, retail and tourism hub. About 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) up the coast will be the luxury Aerotropolis known as

11685-466: The new museum to allow "building up a collection which offers up a standard of judgment". He wanted to change the color scheme, level out the sloping walls, and remove the clerestory windows, which led to prolonged disputes with Wright. By early 1958, Harry F. Guggenheim had to handle all communications between Sweeney and Wright, who would not speak to each other. The building topped out in May 1958, and

11808-412: The newly formed Borough of uMhlanga. Mr Rindel said that the people of La Lucia had made no secret that they were opposed to the amalgamation and were not happy with the name, but now that this had come about they would make the best of it. In the 1980s, development expanded inland growing from a small village east of the M4 highway to a large town occupying most of the area east of N2 highway and south of

11931-617: The north and uMhlanga Main Beach in the central area. Additional attractions in uMhlanga and its surrounding areas include: The N2 and M4 serve as key north–south freeways. The N2 , to the west, links uMhlanga with Durban , King Shaka International Airport , and KwaDukuza while the M4 , following the coastal route, connects uMhlanga with Durban and Ballito . The M41 provides a major east–west connection between uMhlanga, Mount Edgecombe , and Phoenix . The M12 , known as uMhlanga Rocks Drive,

12054-435: The older building, Gwathmey Siegel also renovated the Thannhauser wing's second floor and the top level of the main gallery's ramp in 1987. The Board of Standards and Appeals approved the 89th Street annex that October, despite continuing opposition. Messer retired the next month, on the 50th anniversary of the collection's founding. The New York City Board of Estimate approved plans for the Guggenheim's annex in 1988, and

12177-446: The planned building an "Archeseum ... a building in which to see the highest". Wright's designs were announced in July 1945, and the museum was expected to cost $ 1 million and be completed within a year. The structure's main feature was a main gallery with a helical ramp, surrounding a lightwell with a skylight. Guests would board an elevator to reach the top; a second, steeper ramp would serve as an emergency exit. There would be

12300-468: The possibilities to do so. ... I want a temple of spirit, a monument!" Critic Paul Goldberger later wrote that Wright's modernist building was a catalyst for change, making it "socially and culturally acceptable for an architect to design a highly expressive, intensely personal museum. In this sense almost every museum of our time is a child of the Guggenheim." The Guggenheim is the only museum Wright designed; its urban location required him to design it in

12423-429: The proliferation of highly visible private security in the area. Certain areas in uMhlanga are very safe, one being Somerset Park, a short distance from the Gateway Theatre of Shopping . During apartheid , uMhlanga was a predominately white town, however now it is very diverse with people from various racial backgrounds and ethnic groups. 78.9% speak English as their first language, 9.0% Zulu and 6.12% Afrikaans. There

12546-469: The rectangular structure contains the High Gallery. Immediately to the east, on 88th Street, is an aluminum service gate with circular designs. The bridge, which carries the Guggenheim's second story, projects at the museum's southwest corner. The museum's name stretches along the bottom edge of the bridge's Fifth Avenue facade. The main gallery rises above the southern part of the bridge; it consists of

12669-631: The restoration of the museum's auditorium, which was renamed the Peter B. Lewis Theater after the project was completed the next year. Lewis donated an additional $ 50 million in 1998, and several other trustees, including Perelman, increased their donations. The museum opened an arts center in the basement in 2001; originally named for the Sackler family , it was renamed the Gail May Engelberg Center for Arts Education in 2022. Also in 2001, as part of

12792-591: The road signs on the N2 leading to and at the Mount Edgecombe Interchange as well as some road signs on the M41 however there are still several road signs that still remain with the spelling "Umhlanga" and many Durbanites and residents and businesses still spell the town with its previous spelling. In 1994, after the local government elections, The Borough of uMhlanga, which also included Glen Anil (now part of Durban North ) and Umdloti Beach (renamed to eMdloti )

12915-400: The same year the JSE listing changed to SSU completing the rebranding process. Southern Sun operates six hotel brands and eight individually branded luxury properties. Beverly Hills - South Africa's first five star property is located at 1 Lighthouse Road in uMhlanga, KwaZulu-Natal. In 2014 the hotel commemorated being in operation for 50 years. Arabella Hotel, Golf & Spa - The property

13038-454: The same year the group entered into an agreement with InterContinental Hotels & Resorts to operate three hotels in South Africa. In 1999 Southern Sun acquired a 50% interest in a consortium with Liberty Group Limited (‘Liberty’) called The Cullinan Hotel Proprietary Limited (‘Cullinan’) which owned three hotels. In 2000 the group opened the Sandton Convention Centre, one of the largest privately opened convention centres of its kind. In 2002

13161-590: The same year. Between 2009 and 2011 the group acquired Blackrock Casino and the Caledon Casino, Hotel and Spa. A merger with Gold Reef Resorts Limited incorporated an additional seven casinos in the groups portfolio. In 2012 the group undertook a reverse listing on JSE to consolidate the casino businesses and Southern Sun Hotels under one brand, Tsogo Sun. In 2013 the group acquired Accor SA's holding in Formula 1 hotels and rebranded them () to SUN1. The group also completed

13284-538: The scaffolding on the facade was removed by that August. Meanwhile, Wright published drawings of the design in several architectural magazines, as he feared the design would be compromised after his death. Against his request, Sweeney painted the walls white, and hung paintings from metal bars instead of placing them directly on the walls. The building was Wright's last major work; he died in April 1959, six months before its opening. The building soft-opened for members of

13407-545: The site, at 1071 Fifth Avenue, for the museum's use. Guggenheim's health was in decline, but he refused Wright's offer to downsize the planned building so it could be completed during Guggenheim's lifetime. After Guggenheim died in 1949, members of the Guggenheim family on the foundation's board of directors had personal and philosophical differences with Rebay. Under Rebay's leadership, the museum had become what Aline B. Saarinen described as an "esoteric, occult place in which

13530-520: The six-story main gallery to the south and the smaller "monitor" to the north, which are connected by a "bridge" on the second story. The ten-story rectangular annex, to the northeast, appears behind the spiraling structures as viewed from Central Park. The building embodies Wright's attempts "to render the inherent plasticity of organic forms in architecture". Wright's design included details inspired by nature, although it also expresses his take on modernist architecture's rigid geometry. Wright described

13653-420: The unusual shape of its display spaces and took 15 years to design and build; it was completed in 1959. It consists of a six-story, bowl-shaped main gallery to the south, a four-story "monitor" to the north, and a ten-story annex to the northeast. A six-story helical ramp extends along the main gallery's perimeter, under a central ceiling skylight. The Thannhauser Collection is housed within the top three stories of

13776-510: The works in Rebay's collections, the Guggenheim also sold off some modern artwork, including several Kandinsky works. To accommodate the expanding collection, in 1963, the Guggenheim announced plans for a four-story annex, which the New York City Board of Standards and Appeals approved the next year. The annex was downsized to two stories in 1966 due to complaints from local residents, and

13899-494: The works placed in storage under Rebay's leadership. In 1953, the museum hosted a retrospective of Wright's work, "Sixty Years of Living Architecture", in a temporary pavilion Wright had designed. Sweeney and Wright had a strained relationship, as they disagreed over basic elements of the museum's plan. Sweeney, who believed its architecture should be subservient to the art, forced Wright to redesign it to accommodate more offices and storage facilities. The building's lighting

14022-546: The year. It was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, under the guidance of its first director, Hilla von Rebay . The museum adopted its current name in 1952, three years after the death of its founder Solomon R. Guggenheim . It continues to be operated and owned by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation. The museum's building, a landmark work of 20th-century architecture designed by Frank Lloyd Wright , drew controversy for

14145-471: Was a significant point of contention between them. The New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) also rejected Wright's application for a construction permit in 1953 because the design did not meet building codes. Wright tasked Holden with ensuring that the design met codes and published revised drawings in 1954 and 1956. Museum staff nevertheless complained that Wright's design did not provide enough storage or laboratory space. To save money, he modified

14268-712: Was added to the Southern Sun group in April 2020. The property is located in the Kogelberg Biosphere , a UNESCO World Heritage Site . Southern Sun Elangeni & Maharani - The hotel on Durban's Golden Mile has 734 rooms, making it the largest hotel (by number of rooms) in South Africa. The country's second largest hotel (by number of rooms) is the Southern Sun Waterfront hotel in Cape Town. Paradise Sun - The only resort on Côte d’Or Beach on Praslin island in

14391-550: Was amalgamated with some surrounding areas, including Mount Edgecombe , Verulam and Tongaat (now oThongathi) to form the North Local Council, as part of the short-lived transitional Durban Metropolitan Council which included the former City of Durban Municipality and former surrounding independent municipalities. This arrangement ended in 2000, and today uMhlanga is part of the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality and its Northern Municipal Planning Region (MRP). uMhlanga

14514-425: Was completed in 1968. This freed up space on the main gallery's top two levels, which had been used as workshops and storage space ever since the building opened. Museum officials opened the top levels to the public in 1968. In 1971, with increasing costs and decreasing endowment income, the Guggenheim recorded a large deficit for the first time in its history. Additionally, although Wright had included space for

14637-605: Was established in 1920, followed by a shop, a lighthouse, the Natal Anti Shark Measures Board (today called the KwaZulu-Natal Sharks Board ) and further hotel developments. The Borough of uMhlanga was formed on 1 August 1972 through the amalgamation of uMhlanga Rocks, a seaside resort town, and the suburb of La Lucia. Mr Rodney Rindel, former chairman of the La Lucia town board, was elected to mayor of

14760-423: Was not considered "an especially controversial director", though he also did not adhere to "the blockbuster school of exhibiting". When Messer joined the Guggenheim, the museum's ability to present artworks was still doubted because of the tilted and curved walls. Almost immediately after becoming director, in 1962, he put on a large exhibition that combined the Guggenheim's paintings with sculptures on loan from

14883-506: Was once a small New York institution into a worldwide brand, creating the first truly multinational arts institution. ... Krens transformed the Guggenheim into one of the best-known brand names in the arts." The museum cut back its operating hours in 1994, causing a 25 percent decline in annual attendance, even as the city's other art museums saw increased attendance. Samuel J. LeFrak announced in December 1993 that he would donate $ 10 million,

15006-465: Was restored, the 88th Street wing was converted from a conservation laboratory to a restaurant, and additional exhibition space was created at the top of the main gallery. The 89th Street annex was built as part of this project, and the basement was extended under Fifth Avenue. The windows were replaced, and the clerestory windows along the ramp were unsealed and restored to their original design. The building's exhibition space roughly doubled, allowing

15129-517: Was to receive a 10 percent commission on the project, which was expected to cost at least $ 1 million. It took him 15 years, more than 700 sketches, and six sets of working drawings to create and complete the museum, after a series of difficulties and delays; the cost eventually doubled from the initial estimate. Rebay envisioned a space that would facilitate a new way of seeing modern art. She wrote Wright that "each of these great masterpieces should be organized into space, and only you ... would test

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