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42-511: Zhongguancun occupies a band between the northwestern Third Ring Road and the northwestern Fourth Ring Road in the northwestern part of Beijing. Zhongguancun is sometimes known as China's Silicon Valley . The place is also the center of the Beijing-Tianjin-Shijiazhuang Hi-Tech Industrial Belt . Chen Chunxian envisioned Zhongguancun, which then became a well-known technology hub 30 years later. Chunxian,

84-454: A 3C for server applications with up to 16 cores. The 8-core Loongson 3B was noted to use the upgraded GS464V core, with extended vector capabilities. This was followed by the Loonson 3C which used 16 GS464V cores. The 3B1000, and related 2I, both failed as processors due to design errors. In May 2013 development of the 3C was suspended, in favour of developing the 3A2000 processor. In 2015,

126-456: A case over rights to use MIPS architecture. The Loongson 3A2000 in 2015 saw the adoption of LoongISA 1.0, an expanded instruction set that is a superset of MIPS64 release 2. It can be broken down into: The LoongISA instructions were introduced as part of the GS464E cores. The binary translation instructions have the specific benefit of speeding up Intel x86 CPU emulation at a cost of 5% of

168-471: A central, crowded street. Zhongguancun was recognized by the central government of China in 1988, and officially named "Beijing High-Technology Industry Development Experimental Zone". In 1999, Zhongguancun became the "Zhongguancun Science & Technology Zone" with seven parks: Haidian, Fengtai, Changping, Electronics City (in Chaoyang), Yizhuang, Desheng, and Jianxiang. The original Zhongguancun became known as

210-573: A deal was reached by MIPS Technologies and ICT. STMicroelectronics bought a MIPS license for Loongson, and thus the processor can be promoted as MIPS-based or MIPS-compatible instead of MIPS-like . In June 2009, ICT licensed the MIPS32 and MIPS64 architectures directly from MIPS Technologies . In August 2011, Loongson Technology Corp. Ltd. licensed the MIPS32 and MIPS64 architectures from MIPS Technologies, Inc. for continued development of MIPS-based Loongson CPU cores. In January 2024, Loongson won

252-451: A family of general-purpose, MIPS architecture -compatible, later in-house LoongArch architecture microprocessors , as well as the name of the Chinese fabless company ( Loongson Technology ) that develops them. The processors are alternately called Godson processors, which is described as its academic name. The Godson processors, based on MIPS architecture , were initially developed at

294-509: A member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), conceived of a Silicon Valley in China following a government-sponsored trip to Boston and Silicon Valley , United States. Zhongguancun became known as "Electronics Avenue" ( simplified Chinese : 电子一条街 ; traditional Chinese : 電子一條街 ; pinyin : Diànzǐ Yītiáojiē ) in the early 1980s, due to its information technology markets along

336-542: A reduced 32-bit version (LA32R), a standard 32-bit version (LA32S) and a 64-bit version (LA64)". The stated rationale was to make Loongson and China not dependent on foreign technology or authorisation to develop their processor capability, whilst not infringing on any technology patents. The ISA has been referred to as "a fork of MIPS64r6" due to a perceived lack of changes judging from instruction listings. The Register reported in November 2021 that LoongArch might combine

378-454: Is also a transfer station with Line 10 . In addition, Zhongguancun is served by many of Beijing's buses . 39°58′52″N 116°18′32″E  /  39.98111°N 116.30889°E  / 39.98111; 116.30889 3rd Ring Road (Beijing) The 3rd Ring Road ( simplified Chinese : 北京三环路 ; traditional Chinese : 北京三環路 ; pinyin : Sān Huán Lù ) is a 48-kilometer (30 mi)-long city ring road that encircles

420-600: The Bureau of Industry and Security 's Entity List for acquisition of American technology to support the People's Liberation Army (PLA). Loongson began by using the MIPS64 instruction set architecture (ISA). The internal microarchitecture was independently developed by ICT . Early implementations of the family lacked four instructions patented by MIPS Technologies (US4814976A, unaligned load-store) to avoid legal issues. In 2007,

462-567: The Institute of Computing Technology (ICT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The chief architect was Hu Weiwu  [ zh ] . The development of the first Loongson chip was started in 2001. The aim of the Godson project was to develop "high performance general-purpose microprocessors in China", and to become technologically self-sufficient as part of the Made in China 2025 plan. The development

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504-517: The Intel J1900 processor (released in 2013). In late-2019 the 3A and 3B 4000 series were released. They used the upgraded GS464EV microarchitecture. In July 2021 the Loongson 3 5000 series was released. The processor series was Loongson's first with their own developed instruction set architecture (ISA), called "LoongArch". The processors announced included the 3A5000, a four-core desktop CPU, and

546-709: The Jingshi Expressway before running into the western segment, which is linked with the Wukesong residential area, TV broadcasting centers, and, in the northwest, Zhongguancun IT zone. The northern segment is equally busy, running through Beitaipingzhuang, with links to the Badaling Expressway and the Jingcheng Expressway . Line 10 of the Beijing Subway has been constructed under the eastern segments of

588-520: The Linux operating system. Any operating system supporting the MIPS architecture should theoretically work. Windows CE was ported to a Loongson-based system with minimal effort. In 2010, Lemote ported an Android distribution to the Loongson platform. Loongson machines are used in the package-building and CI infrastructure of Debian and Golang , respectively. This is partially because of Loongson's status as

630-600: The Loongson 3A5000 processor and the Deepin -based Unity Operating System . According to The Register , this trial project is to be used to promote the use of Loongson-and-Linux computers within the Chinese school system, which could potentially result in 50 million Loongson-based computers being sold to Chinese schools every year until 2030. In March 2023, the United States Department of Commerce added Loongson to

672-508: The Shanghai Stock Exchange STAR Market . The company was seeking to raise US$ 500 million. Details from this IPO suggested Loongson had needed RMB 400 million annual funding in its first 10 years of existence and that the company had only broken even in 2015. In April 2024 Loongson processors got a large boost when a school district in the city of Hebi commenced a trial of 10,000 PCs powered by computers featuring

714-402: The city center of Beijing . When Beijing first became the capital of the People's Republic of China , the road existed only in segments encircling the northern, eastern, and southern parts of the city. At the time, its segments were known as Beihuan (North Ring), Donghuan (East Ring), and Nanhuan (South Ring), respectively. The 3rd Ring Road was finally finished in 1994 with the completion of

756-478: The 3A1500 and 3B2000 were released using the enhanced GS464E cores. The improved microarchitecture core allowed better performance, reportedly 3 times as fast as the 3A1000, as well as introducing the LoongISA enhanced instruction set. The 3A1500 was for embedded applications, whilst the 3B2000 was for servers and PCs. In 2017, Loongson released the 3A3000. The performance of the 3A3000 is reported to be equivalent to

798-501: The 3A6000 processor was competitive with an Intel 10th-generation Core processor (launched in 2019). According to reports, Loongson's 3C6000 was to become available in the fourth quarter of 2024. The CPU is a monolithic chip with 16 cores; it features the LA664 proprietary MIPS-derived microarchitecture supporting simultaneous multithreading technology (SMT). The 3C6000 processor features four DDR4-3200 memory interfaces. According to reports,

840-519: The 3C5000L, a sixteen-core server CPU based on four 3A5000 in a single package. Both CPUs were reported to be fabricated on a 12 nm process. Whilst the processor was noted to be using the GS464V cores initially, due to incompatibility with previous versions, the cores were renamed to LA464 in August 2021. The Register reported that "the 3A5000 is said to be 50% faster and 30% more power efficient" than

882-486: The 3rd Ring Road and was completed in 2008. The 3rd Ring Road is notorious for its traffic jams . The eastern segment, which runs through Beijing's central business district (CBD), is regularly gridlocked during rush hour. The interchanges of this segment are modified diamond interchanges , consisting of openings of the road barrier on the right that separates the main lanes from the frontage roads. These interchanges can often back up traffic since they cannot easily handle

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924-536: The CPU's performance supposedly compares to that of Intel 's 16-core Xeon Silver 4314 processor, which was released in the second quarter of 2021. In 2024, Loongson reportedly began its transition to the 7nm process, which was said to potentially provide a 20% to 30% increase in performance to the 3A7000 CPU. The 7nm chips, which could go on sale in 2025, will probably be produced entirely in China, due to US sanctions. The Loongson processors are mainly designed around using

966-611: The GS232 core used in the Godson-1. The Loongson 2 is a family of MIPS III compatible processors. It adds 64-bit ability to the Loongson architecture. Later Loongson 2 processors migrated to being MIPS64 compatible, due to sharing the GS464 core with the Loongson 3 series. The development plan for the Godson-2 was to develop it from a CPU to a SOC. The 2E (2006) was a CPU, the 2F (2007) integrated

1008-458: The Godson-1, was designed in 2001, released in 2002, and is a 32-bit CPU running at a clock speed of 266 MHz . It is fabricated with 0.18 micron CMOS process , has 8 KB of data cache, 8 KB of instruction cache and a 64-bit floating-point unit, capable of 200 double-precision MFLOPS. Godson-1 series chips either use the GS132 or GS232 cores. Loongson X is a radiation hardened version of

1050-715: The Haidian Park of the Zhongguancun Zone. Zhongguancun has an association with China's two most prestigious universities, Peking University and Tsinghua University , along with Beijing Normal University and the Chinese Academy of Sciences , all of which are in close proximity. Secondary schools in Zhongguancun include Affiliated High School of Peking University and High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China . The Zhongguancun Administrative Committee oversees

1092-480: The annual ChinICT conference - which is the largest Information technology Development and Entrepreneurship event in China. A frequent tourist destination is the Haidian Christian Church , designed by Hamburg-based architects Gerkan, Marg and Partners . Beijing Subway Line 4 runs through the Zhongguancun area with stops at Zhongguancun Station and Haidianhuangzhuang Station . Haidianhuangzhuang

1134-533: The best parts of MIPS and RISC-V, along with custom instructions. Loongson has three main families of processor cores, some of which are available as IP cores : It has been noted by the community that the naming of the Loongson microarchitectures is not consistent, with different products being noted to have the same processor core, even though the instructions sets might not be exactly compatible. Loongson has built 3 processor families from their architectural cores. These are the: The first Loongson processor,

1176-651: The city. The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA) has its headquarters in Zhongguancun. Hailong Market , Guigu Market , Taipingyang Market , Dinghao Market and Kemao Market are prominent IT and electronics technology bazaars, noted for "shops with a shop", where bargaining is the norm. According to the 2004 Beijing Statistical Yearbook, there were over 12,000 high-tech enterprises operating in Zhongguancun's seven parks, with 489,000 technicians employed. The most notable companies that grew up in Zhongguancun are Stone Group , Founder Group , Glodon and Lenovo Group , each founded from 1984 to 1985. Stone

1218-403: The entire 3rd Ring Road was very bumpy, and trips were very unpleasant. Following the renovation of the 2nd Ring Road in 2001, a similar project was conducted in 2003 and the road surface has been much smoother since then. Loongson Loongson ( simplified Chinese : 龙芯 ; traditional Chinese : 龍芯 ; pinyin : Lóngxīn ; lit. 'Dragon Core') is the name of

1260-497: The first Loongson processors that had multiple cores. The processors were initially designed to use LoongISA - i.e. the MIPS64 release 2 ISA with additional extensions. The designers also attempted to optimise x86 translation on the chip. The first production processor was the Loongson 3A, which used 4 GS464 cores. The designers noted that they would produce a 3B chip with enhanced processing and vector capabilities, with 8 cores, and

1302-486: The huge traffic volumes of Beijing. The situation is often worsened by the bus stops that are located right adjacent to the exits. The 3rd Ring Road is 2.5 kilometers (1.6 mi) from the 2nd Ring Road and 5 kilometers (3.1 mi) from the city center . The 3rd Ring Road goes through mostly residential and some commercial areas (except for the CBD) that were created during Beijing's first wave of rapid expansion. Until 2003,

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1344-559: The north bridge, the 2G (2008) had a hyper transport link between the CPU/north bridge and an integrated GPU/south bridge, and the 2H (2009) integrated all these functions into a SOC. The design of the 2F was the basis of the GS464 core. The 2G uses a single GS464 core; the 2H uses the GS464V core, as a single-core version of the initial Godson 3B. The Loongson 3 family of processors are "...multi-core CPU[s] designed for high performance desktops, servers and clusters". They were designed as

1386-443: The only vendor producing application-grade MIPS CPUs for retail. As of February 2022, there are at least four Chinese Linux distributions that support LoongArch: Kylin , Loongnix , Deepin and Unity Operating System . There are efforts to build LoongArch support into community versions of Linux. Since 2022, OpenHarmony , a Chinese operating system similar to Android , supports LoongArch. The GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

1428-574: The park that costs $ 280 million and can accommodate 5000 employees, which was completed in April 2011, and now houses Microsoft Research Asia. The development center of Loongson , which is China's first general-purpose microprocessor design, is also in the Zhongguancun area. Everbright International has its Beijing office in the Beijing International Building (北京国际大厦) in Zhongguancun. Many conferences are held in this location, including

1470-577: The preceding 3A4000. Phoronix reported that the 3A5000 CPU was "roughly on a par with the likes of the Intel Core i3 8109U / Core 2 Quad Q9500 / Core i5 750 (roughly the state of the art in 2008), or Armv8-based Phytium FT-2000 ". In April 2023, Loongson launched the 3D5000 processor for data centers and cloud computing, based on the LoongArch instruction set architecture. In 2022 Loongson announced their 6000 series processors. The company said that

1512-406: The total die area. The new instructions help a QEMU hypervisor translate instructions from x86 to MIPS with only a reported 30% performance penalty. Loongson moved to their own processor instruction set architecture (ISA) in 2021 with the release of the Loongson 3 5000 series. A Loongson developer described it as "...a new RISC ISA, which is a bit like MIPS or RISC-V . LoongArch includes

1554-471: The updated processor architecture would use new "LA664" cores and that the single-core performance would rival that of AMD's Zen 3 and Intel's Tiger Lake (11th-generation Core) architecture (launched in 2020). In November 2023 Loongson debuted the 3A6000 processor. The processor is fabricated using a 14nm or 12nm process and supports the fairly old DDR4 standard for memory. The Register reported that Loongson had demonstrated benchmarks suggesting that

1596-620: The western segment. There are 52 flyovers, including Sanyuanqiao , which links it to the Airport Expressway . The speed limit is a uniform 80 km/h. The ring road runs through the busy CBD section in the east through Panjiayuan and Fenzhongsi, linking up with the Jingjintang Expressway . It continues south toward Muxiyuan and Yuquanying , linking up with the Jingkai Expressway . It then proceeds west, linking up with

1638-560: The world's third-largest PC maker. Both Founder and Lenovo Group maintain strong connections to their academic backers, who are significant shareholders. Many world-renowned technology companies built their Chinese headquarters and research centers in Zhongguancun Technology Park, such as Google , Intel , AMD , Oracle Corporation , Motorola , Cogobuy Group , IBM , MySpace , Sony , Solstice , Glodon and Ericsson . Microsoft has built its Chinese research headquarters in

1680-559: Was a spin-off from ICT, and was founded in 2002 with Jiangsu Zhongyi Group. As Loongson is a fabless designer, at least some processors were fabricated and marketed by STMicroelectronics . The South China Morning Post reported that since 2020 Loongson has been partnering with UnionTech and Sunway to develop and promote the Debian -Linux-based Deepin operating system in order to reduce China's dependency on Microsoft Windows . In 2021, Loongson filed for an initial public offering on

1722-546: Was supported by funding via the Chinese Communist Party 's 10th and 11th Five-Year Plans . In 2010 the company was commercialized as a separate entity, and in April 2010 Loongson Technology Corporation Limited was formally established and settled in Zhongguancun , Beijing , China. The company is a public–private partnership between ICT and Beijing-based chip designer BLX IC Design Corporation. BLX itself

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1764-407: Was the first successful technology company to be operated by private individuals outside of the government of China. Founder is a technology company that spun off Peking University . Lenovo Group spun off from Chinese Academy of Sciences with Liu Chuanzhi , a hero of Zhongguancun and current chairman, eventually taking the helm. Lenovo purchased IBM's PC division for $ 1.75 billion in 2005, making it

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