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72-676: The Trofeo Alasport , also known as the Cross di Alà dei Sardi , is an annual cross country running competition which takes place in March in Alà dei Sardi on the Italian island of Sardinia . Unusually for a high-profile cross country event, it has often been held after the IAAF World Cross Country Championships which occurs in late March. The Trofeo Alasport is traditionally the final event of

144-436: A Royal Navy, shore establishment has an Assault Course with suitable naval themed obstacles, it has water obstacles which are crossed with ropes and pulleys, as well as a wall to climb over and pipes, on a slope, to crawl up. HMS Raleigh (another RN shore establishment) also has an Assault Course. The term " trim trail " has also been applied to a series of wooden exercise stations, scattered in parkland or other locations beside

216-485: A chicane; walls with holes to crawl through; widely spaced steps representing a broken staircase; balance beams representing a broken bridge; tunnels and often include throwing a dummy hand grenade from the final trench. Russian Assault Courses' often have monkey bars in an inverted V shape, higher in the middle. The basic ‘All Arms’ Obstacle Course is 100m long and consist of 7 obstacles Motorized Rifle Unit obstacle courses are 200m long and have additional obstacles, before

288-586: A course at a Training Camp, for example the Assault Course used by British Army recruits at Pirbright has 10 obstacles, including a maze, 2 dry ditches and a cargo net, whilst the Assault Course at Worthy Down Camp has only 8 obstacles. The Royal Air Force uses the British Army designs, and has Assault Courses at RAF Honington, RAF Halton, and the Royal Air Force College at RAF Cranwell. HMS Collingwood,

360-548: A domestic event but quickly took on an international nature, with British Olympian John Bicourt becoming the first foreign winner at the fourth edition. Belgium's Léon Schots was the first world champion to take victory in Alà dei Sardi in 1983. African names came to dominate the winner's lists from the 1990s onwards, with Susan Sirma of Kenya ushering in the change with back-to-back victories in 1991 and 1992. In addition to these elite level races, amateur competitions are also featured on

432-450: A fox hole from which dummy grenades are then thrown at targets. The German Democratic Republic 's standard Sturmbahn (storm course) was 200m long and had the following obstacles: India's National Cadet Corps is a Tri-Service Military Youth Organization with cadet units at schools, colleges and universities. It has a standard Obstacle Course pattern consisting of 10 obstacles about 30 foot apart. The obstacles are suitable for cadets of

504-433: A jogging or walking trail, which can be used to develop balance, strength and coordination. They are suitable for both adults and children, and the individual stations have been scientifically designed to provide a range of exercises. A key difference between a Trim Trail and an Assault Course is that on a Trim Trail at each exercise station the exercise is usually repeated multiple times as an exercise set, on an Assault Course

576-475: A log on 1.3m high metal post to roll over; 7 log steps to a height of 2.5m; 6 X shapes to climb over – like the US Army's Tough Nut; 2 bar vault, the first bar .5m high, the second bar is .3m further and .8 m high; 2m high wooden wall; .5m vault, with a .5m deep ditch on the far side; balance log over a wide ditch; low wires to crawl under; trip wires to step over; a 1.8m deep and 1.8m wide trench to climb in and out of;

648-461: A maximum score. Women are not required to complete the pole climb and high wall. It has the following obstacles: The British Army has two standard designs. Type A, for trained soldiers and Type B, for training establishments. Both British designs are adjusted to fit the available space and terrain features, obstacles are built between 5 and 10 yards apart, not all obstacles are always used, and obstacles from Type A (Trained soldiers) may be used in

720-597: A military assault course is to improve fitness, they are also used for the assessment of personnel to see if they are suitable for a specific role. For example in the British Military potential paratroopers have to complete the British Army 's Parachute Regiment's Trainasium, as one of the test, to be allowed to progress to Parachute Training, and the Royal Marine's Bottom Field Assault Course has to be completed as one of

792-1232: A minute) with a rifle range on the end (e.g. Junior Leaders, Folkestone), or long (five minutes) as at Thetford. This is partially because of space restraints and training objectives. The short one can be run as an individual course and a warmup for the range. The long Thetford course is more of an exercise in endurance and teamwork. Individual obstacles can be for general fitness, or for quite specific tasks such as cargo nets that simulate soldiers climbing down nets from ships into landing craft for beachhead landings . Climbing through windows, over wall and up ladders are useful skills when operating in built-up areas. Kevin Yates, manager at Fitness First, notes that Monkey Bars are good for working: biceps; core; forearms; sholders; chests; abs and obliques. A great exercise for building arms, grip strength and core power. Common assault course obstacles include barbed wire or nets to crawl under, pipes or tunnels to crawl through, walls to climb over, beams, walls or planks to balance on, steps to climb up, walls with window size holes to climb through, and mazes to navigate. Overhead traverse (monkey) bars are popular. The primary role of

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864-425: A national championship was first held on 7 December 1867. It was held on Wimbledon Common in south-west London. It was not particularly well organised, many runners went off course, and it was declared void and had to be rerun, but it was a start and the championship has been held over the distance of 10 miles (16,093 metres) since 1877. In 1869, Thames Hare and Hounds , the world's first cross country running club,

936-462: A points-scoring method. Both men and women of all ages compete in cross country, which usually takes place during autumn and winter , and can include weather conditions of rain, sleet, snow or hail, and a wide range of temperatures. Cross country running is one of the disciplines under the umbrella sport of athletics and is a natural-terrain version of long-distance track and road running . Although open-air running competitions are prehistoric,

1008-481: A rubber sole and five or more metal spikes screwed into the forefoot part of the sole. Spike length depends on race conditions, with a muddy course appropriate for spikes as long as 25 millimetres (0.98 in). If a course has a harder surface, spikes as short as 6 millimetres (0.24 in) may be most effective. While spikes are suitable for grassy, muddy, or other slippery conditions, runners may choose to wear racing flats , rubber-soled racing shoes without spikes, if

1080-449: A steady pace from start to finish. Coaches and cross country runners debate the relative merits of fast starts to get clear of the field, versus steady pacing to maximize physiological efficiency. Some teams emphasize running in a group in order to provide encouragement to others on the team, while others hold that every individual should run his or her own race. In addition, whether one runs ahead of "the pack" or behind it and pull ahead in

1152-407: A team across to France for a cross country match and in the process invented international cross country running as a sport. The International Cross Country Union was formed in 1903, and the four home nations of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales started a match in that year which became a true international event in 1907 when France sent a team to compete. Other European countries sent teams during

1224-574: A thousand pounds, I could run as fast as thou canst," and Samuel Pepys in his diary for 10 August 1660 describes going to Hyde Park to see, "a fine foot-race three times round the Park between an Irishman and Crow, that was once my Lord Claypoole's footman." In his diary for the year 1720, whilst he was an undergraduate at Oxford university , Sir Erasmus Phillips (1699–1743) later the MP for Haverfordwest, describes how he rode out to Woodstock Park one afternoon where he

1296-446: A wide age range and are: Course is undertaken wearing webbing , a helmet and carrying a weapon. The course consists of a 500m dash, then 14 obstacles: and a final sprint. The course is to be completed in under 10min 30 sec. In 2017 there were complaints about the wall obstacle being unfair either because there was a lower level for female participants or because there was not. Russian Federation Army Assault Courses usually have:

1368-610: A widespread but false perception that it was injurious to their health and reproductive ability. Women were also excluded because they did not receive formal education, and the sport started largely at schools, from which women were excluded—women first went to university in England in 1868. There were races for women, but they were few and far between. At the Longtown Sports in Cumbria in June 1851

1440-443: Is 300 foot long. It starts with a low log hurdle 2 ½ to 3 foot high, then an 8ft bar to be climbed over, another low hurdle, the combination which consist of traversing 12 foot long 2-inch diameter metal pipes, then walking a 12-foot log to a high roll over log. Then another low hurdle, a wall, another low hurdle, a 5 ½ foot high log, another low hurdle, four logs 4 feet apart and 4 1/2 foot high, another low hurdle, double pull over bar,

1512-447: Is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. The course, typically 3–12 kilometres (1.9–7.5 mi) long, may include surfaces of grass and earth , pass through woodlands and open country, and include hills , flat ground and sometimes gravel road and minor obstacles. It is both an individual and a team sport ; runners are judged on individual times and teams by

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1584-796: Is another extreme cross country race held in Himalayan mountain slopes. Primary schools, although more often the juniors, also participate in cross country events and some areas of England have done so since the late 1960s. An example would be schools near Ouston, County Durham which compete as part of Chester-le-Street & District Primary Cross Country Association. USA Track & Field (USATF) hosts four annual national cross country championships. The USA Cross Country Championships , first held in 1890, include six races: masters women (8 km), masters men (8 km), junior women (6 km), junior men (8 km), open women (8 km) and open men (12 km). In addition to crowning national champions,

1656-479: Is considered by Chinese soldiers to be harder than a 5km run, or a 5km speed march with 10kg. Artillery NCOs Zhang Heng and Li Xiaohoi have both achieved a time of 1 minute 23 seconds. The standard French military assault course is 500m long and has the following 20 obstacles: Many of the obstacle are similar to those on the CISM (International Military Sports Council) obstacle course used for Military Pentathlon such as

1728-530: Is definite evidence was organised by Hampstead Harriers at their club headquarters, the Green Man pub in East Finchley, also on Boxing Day, Wednesday 26 December 1906. The race had five teams of three men who each ran around two miles over a snow-covered out and back course. The first man to finish was G. Banbrook of team three in a time of 41:42 1/5. Women were largely excluded from the sport for many years due to

1800-585: Is organized at the state level by the athletics association for each state. In Queensland , it is organized by Queensland Athletics. In the Masters category, which includes runners over 30, this is organized by Australian Masters Athletics. There is also the Australian Masters Nationals Championships. The cross country season in Brisbane is usually March–September. During the season, there

1872-539: Is said to have summoned men to race up Craig Choinnich overlooking Braemar with the aim of finding the fastest runner in Scotland to be his royal messenger, and a 1540 manuscript in the British Museum describes a run across Roodee, also known as Chester Racecourse , for a prize of "six glayves of silver." William Shakespeare , writing in the early 17th century, has Sir John Falstaff tell Prince Henry, "I would give

1944-531: Is the World Athletics Cross Country Tour Gold level, administered by World Athletics since 2021. While a course may include natural or artificial obstacles, cross country courses support continuous running, and do not require climbing over high barriers, through deep ditches, or fighting through the underbrush, as do military-style assault courses . A course at least 5 metres (5.5 yd) full allows competitors to pass others during

2016-495: Is the signature event of the Military Pentathlon, and is 500 metres long with 20 standard obstacles: Rope ladder; Double beam; Trip wires; Crawl; Stepping-stones; Vault; Balance beam; Sloping wall with rope; Horizontal beams; Irish table; Tunnel and twin beams; Four steps; Ramp and ditch; Low wall; 2m deep Pit; Vertical ladder; High wall; Zigzag balance beam; Chicane; Three low walls close together. The women's competition omits

2088-499: Is used by many armed forces around the world. The Chinese People's Liberation Army has a standard Assault Course Test which is 400m long and the soldier negotiates 16 obstacles. The Assault Course is 100m long with 8 obstacles. The Test starts with a 100m run along the side of the Assault Course and then turn about. Then: The standard for under 24 year olds is 2 minutes and 35 seconds, with 2 minutes 20 seconds being good and 2 minutes 5 seconds being excellent. The 400m obstacle course

2160-461: Is usually one race each week in a different park, generally organized and hosted by one of the participating clubs. Cross country running is a far-reaching sport in Canada . In middle school, races are more serious and are divided by grade and gender. In high school, the races are far-reaching and tend to be the main talent pool, especially at the senior level, for university or national-level runners. At

2232-760: The National Collegiate Athletic Association . Men usually race 10 km (6.2 mi) or 8 km (5.0 mi), and women usually race 6 km (3.7 mi) or 5 km (3.1 mi). Above the youth or middle school level, every state offers cross country as a high school sport for boys and girls. Over 440,000 high school students compete in cross country each year, making it the sixth-most popular sport for girls, and seventh most popular for boys. High school students typically race on 3 mi (4.8 km) or 5 km (3.1 mi) courses. The Mt. San Antonio College in Walnut, California hosts

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2304-713: The United States into eight qualifying regions with their own respective regional events, listed below. [REDACTED] Wisconsin After these eight regionals, the Nike Cross Nationals itself will take place on December 7, 2024 at the Glendoveer Golf Course in Portland, Oregon . The Foot Locker Cross Country Championships , sponsored by HOKA , are managed similarly, with four regionals instead of eight, detailed in

2376-641: The modern pentathlon , and until 2016 it was the only discipline where the Olympic competition was only part of the modern pentathlon. There have been recent efforts to bring cross country running back to the Olympic Games. In 2020, World Athletics President Sebastian Coe pushed to bring the sport to the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris , but the IOC rejected this proposal. Once the 2024 Summer Olympics arrived, Coe pushed for

2448-454: The 1880s. In 1837, Rugby School started a longer run of approximately twelve miles known as the Crick Run because it goes out to the village of Crick and returns to the school. This has become an annual tradition and continues to this day. By the early 1850s, athletic clubs had started holding their own paper chases as a form of training, the sport was seen at Oxford University by that time and

2520-482: The 1920s and Tunisia sent a team in 1958. The idea for a cross country relay originated in Paris in 1903, when the members of Stadte Francaise invited South London Harriers to Paris for a relay race of approximately fourteen miles to be held on Boxing Day, 26 December 1903. It is not known whether South London Harriers took up the invitation or whether the race actually took place. The first cross country relay for which there

2592-661: The Basic Course they have: After the basic course there are 3 more obstacles. The obstacle course used by the Strategic Rocket Force units is 100m long, and is the Basic Obstacle Course with the addition of a simulated Rocket section and a catwalk. The Republic of Singapore Army 's Standard Obstacle Course (SOC) dates from 1967, in 2010, the SOC was redesigned to provide realistic obstacles which may be found in either

2664-830: The CISM design: a double beam; a long crawl; a pit; stepping stones; a 3-bar vault; a zigzag balance beam; 2 sets of over under bars; 4 steps; and a 3 m high ramp with rope. Whilst ideally 250m long, the course can be between 150m and 300m long dependent on available space. The United States Army has two classifications of Obstacle Course: Confidence Obstacle Course and Conditioning Course. The Confidence Obstacle Course has 22 standard obstacle designs which give soldiers confidence in their abilities and are not to be run against time. Conditioning Courses have low obstacles, are 300 to 450 yards long, contain 15 to 25 obstacles, 20 to 30 yards apart and are run against time, and are used to maintain and improve fitness. Noteworthy US Army Obstacle Courses are: The USMC standard course has 14 obstacles and

2736-510: The Irish Table which is a plank 2m above the ground which requires both technique and strength to overcome. The 4m high climbing wall is particular to French assault courses and also requires good technique to climb. To be a sergeant you have to complete the course in 3'15" The German Armed Forces ' Obstacle Course, Hindernisbahn-Bundeswehr , is 250m long and has 12 obstacles: an ' Erdwall ' an earthwall or barricade of logs about .6m high;

2808-534: The UK), a six-foot and a ten-foot wall, a climbing net , some type of bar to climb over, and a high rope or net that must be crossed (these being or representing the most likely difficult terrain that a soldier will come across). The standardization means that every course will be of the same quality, though it also means that there will be certain parts that may be familiar if practiced. Military training courses have different purposes. For example, they can be short (less than

2880-549: The basic Einzelkampferlehrgang course it must be completed in 2 min 15 sec, and for the Advanced Course in 1 min 50 sec. German Army Paratroopers are required to compltes a standard German Army Obstacle Course in 1 min 30 sec as part of Paratrooper Selection. The Conseil International du Sport Militaire 's (CISM) Military Pentathlon Obstacle Course has five parts: Shooting; Obstacle Swimming; Grenade Throwing; Cross Country Running and an Obstacle Course. The Obstacle Course

2952-536: The championships serve as the trials race to select the Team USA squad for the IAAF World Cross Country Championships. The USATF Masters 5 km Cross Country Championships, first held in 2002, incl men's race and a women's race. The USATF National Club Cross Country Championships , first held in 1998, feature the top clubs from across the United States , who vie for honors and bragging rights as

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3024-647: The chart below. The 2023 Foot Locker Championships took place on December 9 at Balboa Park in San Diego, CA . Charlotte, NC Boston, MA Physical leanness is desirable to achieve competitive success in cross country running. This emphasis on body weight has led to a culture of eating disorders within the sport. Scholars have cited a high incidence of eating disorders among cross country (long-distance) runners. They have noted that while eating disorders can occur in all runners, they are far more prevalent among female athletes. Other factors, such as social pressures and

3096-399: The chasing pack of dogs. Thus the terminology of hunting with dogs became associated with cross country running, with the leaders being called the hares, and the chasing pack the hounds. The hares carried a sack of paper scraps that they dropped to simulate their scent and provide a trail for the hounds to follow, and this sport was called paper chasing , or Hare and Hounds. Becoming popular at

3168-449: The course includes significant portions of paved surfaces or dirt road. In 1819, boys at Shrewsbury School asked their headmaster, Dr Butler, if they could form a fox-hunting club, and he refused. The boys therefore formed an alternative club where instead of riding horses and chasing hounds they ran across country, with a small number of boys starting first to simulate the prey, and the rest following after an interval as though they were

3240-585: The cross country season in Italy. The competition was initiated in 1973 by a local athletics enthusiast, Antonello Baltolu, and has been held on an annual basis since then by the local sports association, the Società Sportiva Alasport . It is one of the foremost competitions of its type in Italy, alongside the Cinque Mulini , and attracts international competitors of the highest calibre. Former winners of

3312-592: The end is important, but can vary according to the runner's individual skill, endurance, and the length of the race. Runners should also account for food intake prior to the race. Most important, however, is the training beforehand. Cross country running involves very little specialized equipment. Most races are run in shorts and vests or singlets, usually in club or school colours. In particularly cold conditions, long-sleeved shirts and tights can be worn to retain warmth without losing mobility. The most common footwear are cross country spikes , lightweight racing shoes with

3384-431: The event include numerous world cross country champions, such as Paul Tergat , John Ngugi , Kenenisa Bekele and Khalid Skah in the men's race, while Albertina Dias , Gete Wami and Jackline Maranga have won on the women's side. The men's elite race is held over roughly 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) while the women's competition is half that distance at around 5.5 kilometres (3.4 mi). The Trofeo Alasport began as

3456-919: The finish line to facilitate the recording of finishing positions. Courses for international competitions consist of a loop between 1,750 and 2,000 meters. Athletes complete three to six loops, depending on the race. Senior men and women compete on a 10-kilometre course, junior men compete on an 8-kilometre course, and junior women compete on a 6-kilometre course. In the United States, college men typically compete on 8 km (5.0 mi) or 10 km (6.2 mi) courses, while college women race for 5 km (3.1 mi) or 6 km (3.7 mi). High school students typically race on 3 mi (4.8 km) or 5 km (3.1 mi) courses. Because of differences between courses in running surface, frequency and tightness of turns, and amount of up and downhill, cross country strategy does not necessarily simplify to running

3528-456: The finish. José Andía and Edvin Wide were reported dead, and medics spent hours trying to find all the competitors who had blacked out along the course. Although the reports of deaths were unfounded, spectators were shocked by the attrition rate and Olympic officials decided to ban cross country running from future games. Since 1928, cross country has been contested only as the fifth discipline of

3600-405: The flag. Courses also commonly include distance markings, usually at each kilometer or each mile. The course should have 400 to 1,200 m (440 to 1,310 yd) of level terrain before the first turn, to reduce contact and congestion at the start. However, many courses at smaller competitions have their first turn after a much shorter distance. The course should also have a corral or chute after

3672-534: The jungle or urban battlefield. 6 old obstacles were removed (including the Monkey Bars which were known on the SOC as the Swing Trainer) and 7 new obstacles added. The new SOC has 12 obstacles: Low wall, stepping stones, rubble, tunnels, dodging panels, low rope climb, ditch, corridor, balance bridge, window, apex ladder, and terrace. The Swiss military assault course has 10 obstacles, the obstacles are similar to

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3744-498: The largest cross country invitational in the United States, with over 22,000 runners from community colleges, high schools and elementary schools competing. The meet started in 1948 and continues today. There are two major national championships on the high school level; the Nike Cross Nationals , and the Foot Locker Cross Country Championships . Beginning with Nike Cross Nationals, this competition splits

3816-409: The lower bar is 8 feet above the ground the second a foot higher, then another low hurdle. The course finishes with a 20-foot-high rope climb. The course is also used by non-USMC military units. The USMC also used other Assault Courses designs, including a CISM obstacle course at Parris Island. The Taiwan Army’s standard obstacle course is 500m long, the maximum time allowed is 4min 30, 2min 30 achieves

3888-773: The men's race for the first time, and a decade later an African nation ( Kenya ) won the women's race for the first time. Ethiopia or Kenya has captured every men's title since 1981 and every women's title since 2001 . Through 2010, Kenya has won 40 World Cross Country Championships and Ethiopia has won 23. Beyond championships, IAAF world cross country meetings include the Great Edinburgh International Cross Country , Cross Internacional de Itálica , Antrim International Cross Country , Cinque Mulini , Nairobi Cross, Chiba International Cross Country , Fukuoka International Cross Country meet, Eurocross and Almond Blossom Cross Country . Cross country running

3960-413: The nation's top cross country team. The USATF National Junior Olympic Cross Country Championships, first held in 2001, has raced for boys and girls in five two-year age divisions. Most American universities and colleges field men's and women's cross country teams as part of their athletic program. Over 900 men's cross country teams and over 1000 women's cross country teams compete in the three divisions of

4032-413: The overall stress of the college environment also contribute to the prevalence of eating disorders among female college cross country runners. Following professional runner Mary Cain's 2019 account of how the competitive pressures of long distance running contributed to her eating disorder, many other prominent female cross country athletes have tried to bring attention to the issue of eating disorders in

4104-750: The prize for the women's race was three times that for the men's, and the first three women all got the same prize, whereas the second-placed man only got half the winner's prize. Women's sports clubs and formal competitions for women's teams did not arrive until the 1920s. France was the first country to hold national championships for women, in 1918, the first English championships for women were held at Hoo Park, Luton, in February 1927, and women were allowed to participate informally in international cross country only from 1931. There were not even officially any rules for women's cross country until 1962 and their races were not considered championships until 1967. Cross country

4176-598: The programme of the day's events, as well as number of shorter youth-level races. The competition has been held every year with the exceptions of 1980 and a brief suspension of the event between 2005 and 2007. Since 1986, the Trofeo Alasport has also been designated as the Trofeo Presidente della Repubblica , an honorific in recognition from the President of Italy . Cross country running Cross country running

4248-399: The race. Clear markings keep competitors from making wrong turns, and spectators from interfering with the competition. Markings may include tape or ribbon on both sides of the course, chalk or paint on the ground, or cones. Some classes use colored flags to indicate directions: red flags for left turns, yellow flags for right turns, and blue flags to continue straight or stay within ten feet of

4320-458: The rope ladder, sloping wall with rope, four steps and vertical ladder. International Naval Obstacle Course Competitions are similar and have additional naval type task such as closing and securing hatches. These competitions are run in sports clothing, and can be individual or team events with each team member covering a section of the course. The Military Pentathalon Obstacle Course are completed in around 2 minutes. The CISM Obstacle Course design

4392-621: The rules and traditions of cross country racing emerged in Britain. The English championship became the first national competition in 1876, and the International Cross Country Championships was held for the first time in 1903. Since 1973, the foremost elite competition has been the World Athletics Cross Country Championships . The highest level circuit of professional cross country competition

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4464-477: The school by 1831 it had become part of the curriculum, with several courses of different lengths. The original course of a little more than three miles was over some land owned by a farmer called Tuck, and is to this day known simply as Tucks. These boys did not invent the idea of running across country, which had been known for centuries. Schools started the process of turning an adventurous and athletic pastime into an organised sport. The Scottish King Malcolm III

4536-677: The sport to instead be included in the Winter Olympics , with efforts to make the sport appear in the 2030 and 2034 Winter Olympics in the French Alps and Salt Lake City respectively. Beginning in 1973 , the IAAF began hosting the renamed World Cross Country Championships each year. In 1975 , the New Zealand men and United States women won, marking the first championships by non-European countries. In 1981 an African nation ( Ethiopia ) won

4608-554: The sport. Assault course There are specific urban obstacle courses and night obstacles Courses. An obstacle course race (OCR) is a civilian sporting and fitness challenge event which combines obstacles and cross country running. Assault courses are used in military training to increase fitness, to demonstrate techniques that can be used for crossing obstacles, and to increase teamwork and self-confidence. Military Assault Courses help develop: Often military assault courses will be standardized and will have, for example (in

4680-552: The test for the award of the Commando Green Beret . Both of these assault courses have obstacles which provide a physical and psychological challenge to those completing them, the Trainasium has a lot of high obstacles and Bottom Field include a lot of obstacles with water. The German Army's Einzelkampferlehrgang (Individual Battle Course), a combat survival course, uses a timed assault course as one of its entry test. For

4752-498: The university level, the sport is administered by Canadian Interuniversity Sport . National Championship is held every year by Athletics Federation of India . Nagaland hosted 56th National cross country Championship. It was held along with South Asian Cross country championship which was held by South Asian Athletics Federation. Last edition edition was held in Indira Gandhi Stadium, Kohima . Himalayan Adventure Challenge

4824-484: Was contested as a team and individual event at the 1912 , 1920 and 1924 Summer Olympics. Sweden took gold in 1912, and Finland , led by Paavo Nurmi , captured the gold in 1920 and 1924. During the 1924 race in the Paris heat wave, only 15 of the 38 competitors reached the finish. Eight of those were taken away on stretchers. One athlete began to run in tight circles after reaching the stadium and later knocked himself unconscious, while another fainted 50 meters from

4896-426: Was described in an 1857 novel, Tom Brown's School Days , by Thomas Hughes , who had gone to Rugby but was by then an influential politician. At Eton College , the chasing pack were known as Beagles, but in many other places they are called Harriers (a breed of dog used largely for hunting hares). At Harrow School they ran across farmland at Pinner, but Winchester school did not start cross country until sometime in

4968-849: Was formed in 1879, the Northern Cross-Country Association in 1882, and the Southern Counties Cross-Country Association was established in 1883. Then also in 1883 the National Cross-Country Union was formed, with Walter Rye, the founder of Thames Hare and Hounds, as first President. In 1933 this was changed to the English Cross-Country Union because by then the other constituent countries of the United Kingdom had their own cross country associations. The Scottish Cross Country Union

5040-509: Was formed in 1886 and held their first national championship at Lanark in March of that year, and the United States followed suit in 1887. Over time the sacks of paper scraps gradually got discarded and courses came to be marked with flags, lines on the grass, bunting, and marshalls, with races held on farm land, through forests, and over various forms of mixed terrain with championships frequently being held on golf courses and horse racing courses. In 1898, Harold Hardwick of Salford Harriers took

5112-493: Was formed in the same area of south west London, and the same year William C. Vosburgh of New York introduced the sport to the United States. Harvard University held races from 1880, and the universities of Oxford and Cambridge held their first cross country contest at Oxford in December 1880. Three area associations were formed to administer the sport in their region of England. The Midland Counties Amateur Cross-Country Association

5184-410: Was one of, "a most prodigious concourse of people," who saw a four-mile foot race between the duke of Wharton's footman and Mr Diston's footman." In July 1826 Bell's Life reported that, "Yesterday se'nnight a match of running, between the gentlemen of Milton and the gentlemen of Chart, was won by the latter." By 1834, Hare and Hounds was known at Rugby school , and their route, the "Barby Hill Run",

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