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47-467: Trøa is a village in the municipality of Selbu in Trøndelag county, Norway . It is located along the eastern end of the lake Selbusjøen , just north of the village of Innbygda , about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) north of the municipal center of Mebonden , and about 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) south of the village of Tømra . The 0.27-square-kilometre (67-acre) village has a population (2018) of 226 and

94-480: A field (background) has a tincture of argent which means it is commonly colored white, but if it is made out of metal, then silver is used. The charge is a three selburoses made out of 8 rhombus shapes each. The selburose design is a typical pattern used in the local lusekofte (traditional Norwegian sweaters) and other woollen garments. Home knitting has been a long tradition in the municipality. The arms were designed by John Digernes. The municipal flag has

141-500: A population density of 837 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,170/sq mi). This Trøndelag location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Selbu The 1,235-square-kilometre (477 sq mi) municipality is the 86th largest by area out of the 356 municipalities in Norway. Selbu is the 199th most populous municipality in Norway with a population of 4,144. The municipality's population density

188-511: A boy was born sinful. Therefore, only the teachings of the church and the sacraments could redeem him. The parishes provided elementary education- but had no requirement to provide it to every child. The need was to produce priests, and in a stable kingdom such as that of Charlemagne , administrators with elementary writing skills in Latin and the arithmetic needed to collect taxes and administer them. Alcuin (735–804) developed teaching material that

235-449: A military academy building up physical fitness and combat skills, but also reading, writing and arithmetic while in Athens the emphasis would be on understanding the laws of the polis , reading, writing, arithmetic and music with gymnastics and athletics, and learning the moral stories of Homer. Girls received all their education at home. In Rome the primary school was called the ludus ;

282-650: A rapidly developing phase of child development. This is studied in the discipline of developmental psychology , which attempts to describe how children learn. In the United Kingdom, reception, the first year of primary school, is part of the Early Years Foundation Stage . The philosophy of education —teaching and learning—has, over the millennia, occupied many great minds. It attempts to say what children should be taught. In pre- agrarian cultures , children learnt by following their instinct to play. There

329-605: A school to teach grammar". These early grammar schools were to teach basic, or elementary grammar, to boys. No age limit was specified. Early examples in England included Lancaster Royal Grammar School , Royal Latin School , Buckingham, and Stockport Grammar School . The Reformation and the Dissolution of the Monasteries (1548) disrupted the funding of many schools. The schools petitioned

376-413: A short paragraph in a newspaper, writing from dictation, and working out sums and fractions. To achieve this, a dual education system was initiated, consisting of both voluntary denominational schools and non-denominational state schools (Board schools) to supplement rather than replace schools already run by the churches, guilds, and private individuals or organisations. Before 1944 around 80 percent of

423-488: Is 3.6 inhabitants per square kilometre (9.3/sq mi) and its population has increased by 2.8% over the previous 10-year period. The municipality (originally the parish ) of Selbu was established on 1 January 1838 (see Formannskapsdistrikt law). On 1 January 1901, the eastern part of the municipality was separated to form the new municipality of Tydal . This left Selbu with 4,607 inhabitants. The borders of Selbu have not changed since that date. On 1 January 2018,

470-450: Is also from 2010, all the other record lows are from 1983 or older. The all-time high 33.3 °C (91.9 °F) is from June 2020. Recent decades have tended to be warmer than earlier decades; 8 of the 12 record highs are from after 2010. The main road through Selbu is Norwegian County Road 705 that runs between Stjørdal , Selbu, and Tydal . Selbu is located near important destinations: Primary education Primary education

517-404: Is probably derived from the word seli which means " harness " since the lake is long and narrow. The last element is bú which means "rural district". The coat of arms was granted on 31 May 1991. The official blazon is " Argent , 24 lozenges sable in three rosettes two over one" ( Norwegian : I sølv 24 svarte spissruter samlet i tre rosetter, 2-1 ). This means the arms have

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564-410: Is responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services , senior citizen services, welfare and other social services , zoning , economic development , and municipal roads and utilities. The municipality is governed by a municipal council of directly elected representatives. The mayor is indirectly elected by a vote of the municipal council. The municipality

611-518: Is typically the first stage of formal education , coming after preschool / kindergarten and before secondary school . Primary education takes place in primary schools , elementary schools , or first schools and middle schools , depending on the location. Hence, in the United Kingdom and some other countries, the term primary is used instead of elementary . There is no commonly agreed on duration of primary education, but often three to six years of elementary school, and in some countries (like

658-603: Is under the jurisdiction of the Trøndelag District Court and the Frostating Court of Appeal . The municipal council ( Kommunestyre ) of Selbu is made up of 25 representatives that are elected to four year terms. The tables below show the current and historical composition of the council by political party . The mayors ( Norwegian : ordfører ) of Selbu: Selbu borders nine municipalities. The municipalities of Trondheim , Malvik , and Stjørdal are to

705-520: Is written in the religious language and not just the vernacular. This led to formal education in madrassas and schools. Martin Luther declared that salvation depends on each person's own reading of the Scriptures. Trading and management create a demand for accountancy. Basic skills thus included literacy and numeracy. This was the core of Elementary Education. In mid 17th century America, Massachusetts became

752-492: The Lateran Council of 1179. Elementary education was mainly to teach sufficient Latin for the trivium and the quadrivium that formed the basis of the secondary curriculum. While Humanism had a great change on the secondary curriculum, the primary curriculum was unaffected. It was believed that by studying the works of the greats, ancients who had governed empires, one became fit to succeed in any field. Renaissance boys from

799-450: The Prussian schools . In England, 1870 was the beginning of compulsory state education. Elementary schools in England and Wales were publicly funded schools which provided a basic standard of education for children aged from six to 14 between 1870 and 1944. These were set up to enable children to receive manual training and elementary instruction, and provided a restricted curriculum with

846-413: The rule of law (RoL) together with international human rights and fundamental freedoms strengthen the relationship between learners and public institutions to empower young people to become champions of peace and justice. Teachers are often on the front line of this work and, along with families, play a formative role in shaping children's attitudes and behaviours. Global citizenship education provides

893-469: The 90 percent towards greater access to primary education." Schools play an important role in children's socialization and in developing their appreciation of sharing , fairness, mutual respect and cooperation. Schools form the foundational values and competencies that are the building blocks towards the understanding of concepts such as justice , democracy and human rights . Education systems that promote education for justice, that is, respect for

940-601: The King, Edward VI , for an endowment. Examples of schools receiving endowments are King Edward VI Grammar School, Louth , King Edward VI Grammar School, Norwich and King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon , where William Shakespeare was thought to be a pupil from the age of 7 to 14. Though the Grammar schools were set up to deliver elementary education, they did require their entrants to have certain skills on admission. In particular, they expected them to be able to read and write in

987-545: The US) the first seven to nine years are considered primary education . The International Standard Classification of Education considers primary education as a single phase where programs are typically designed to provide fundamental reading, writing, and mathematics skills and establish a solid foundation for learning. This is ISCED Level 1 : Primary education or the first stage of basic education. The ISCED definition in 1997 posited that primary education normally started between

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1034-505: The United Nations estimated that all children at the official entry age for primary school would have had to have been attending classes by 2009. This would depend upon the duration of the primary level and how well the schools retain students until the end of the cycle. Not only was it important for children to be enrolled in education, but countries would have to ensure that there were a sufficient number of teachers and classrooms to meet

1081-450: The age of eight and were taught Latin grammar, religious doctrine, and music, and the women's arts of spinning, weaving, tapestry, painting, and embroidery. Bede entered the monastic school at Jarrow at the age of seven and became a writer and historian. Chantry schools were the result of charitable donations and educated the poor. Beginning in 804, parishes were obliged to have a school, and cathedrals had to establish schools after

1128-511: The age of five learned Latin grammar using the same books as the Roman child. There were the grammars of Donatus and Priscian followed by Caesar's Commentaries and then St Jerome 's Latin Vulgate . Wealthy boys were educated by tutors. Others were educated in schools attached to the parishes, cathedrals, or abbeys. From the 13th century, wealthy merchants endowed money for priests to "establish as

1175-487: The ages of 5 – 8 and was designed to give a sound basic education in reading, writing, and mathematics along with an elementary understanding of other subjects. By 2011 the philosophy had changed, the elementary understanding of other subjects had been dropped in favour of " to establish a solid foundation for learning ". The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), believes that providing children with primary education has many positive effects. It: The ages cited cover

1222-441: The boy would perform daily and that the boy would sleep in a loft above the kennels to attend to the hounds' needs. Religious communities became providers of education and defined the curriculum. Learning to recite passages from their holy text is a priority. For their society to advance, the oral tradition must be superseded by written texts; some students must write down the passages. Monasteries students needed to read out what

1269-420: The curriculum developed over the centuries featuring the learning of both Latin and Greek. In AD 94, Quintilian published the systematic educational work, Institutio Oratoria . He distinguished between teaching and learning, and that a child aged between 7 and 14 learned by sense experience, learns to form ideas, develops language and memory. He recommended that teachers should motivate their pupils by making

1316-417: The demand. As of 2010, the number of new teachers needed in sub-Saharan Africa alone, equaled the extant teaching force in the region. The gender gap for children not in education narrowed. Between 1999 and 2008, the number of girls not in education worldwide had decreased from 57 percent to 53 percent. However, in some regions, the percentage had increased. According to the United Nations, many things in

1363-414: The emphasis on reading , writing and arithmetic ( the three Rs ). The schools operated on a monitorial system , whereby one teacher supervised a large class with the assistance of a team of monitors, who were quite often older pupils. Elementary school teachers were paid based on students' results. Their pupils were expected to achieve precise standards in reading, writing and arithmetic: such as reading

1410-501: The first colony to mandate schooling for this purpose. Beginning in 1690, children there and in adjacent colonies learned to read from the New England Primer , known colloquially as "The Little Bible of New England". During Greek and Roman times, boys were educated by their mothers until the age of seven, then according to the culture of their location and times, would start formal education. In Sparta until twelve, it would be at

1457-472: The formal operational period. Lev Vygotsky's theory is based on social learning, where a more knowledgeable other (MKO) helps a child progress within their zone of proximal development (ZPD). Within the ZPD, there are skills that the child could do but needs to be shown to move from yearning to independent proficiency. The assistance or instruction becomes a form of Instructional scaffolding ; this term and idea

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1504-459: The framework that describes the intellectual, moral and emotional development of children. He received a doctorate in 1918 and did post-doctoral research in Zürich and Paris. His thoughts developed in four phases: Using this framework, the child's staged development can be examined. His theory included four stages: the sensorimotor period, the pre operational period, the concrete operational period, and

1551-628: The last decade. Major advances had been made even in the poorest countries, like the abolition of primary school fees in Burundi where there was an increase in primary-school enrollment, which reached 99 percent as of 2008. Also, Tanzania experienced a similar outcome. The country doubled its enrollment ratio over the same period. Moreover, other regions in Latin America such as Guatemala and Nicaragua , and Zambia in Southern Africa "broke through

1598-402: The municipality switched from the old Sør-Trøndelag county to the new Trøndelag county. The municipality (originally the parish ) is named "Selbu" ( Old Norse : Selabú ) after a nearby lake since the first Selbu Church was built near its southeastern shore. The first element is the genitive case of the old name of the lake Selbusjøen ( Old Norse : Seli ). The old name of the lake

1645-469: The municipality. The municipality covers a total of 1,254 square kilometres (484 sq mi) which consists of: Located inland in the Trøndelag region at relatively low altitude , Selbu has a humid continental climate (Dfb), but with a relatively mild winter for this climate type, as the sea is not that far away. The all-time low −30 °C (−22 °F) was recorded Februar 2010 and January record low

1692-653: The north; Meråker and Tydal are to the east; Tydal, Holtålen , and Midtre Gauldal are to the south; and Melhus and Klæbu are to the west. The largest lake in Selbu is Selbusjøen with an area of about 60 square kilometres (23 sq mi). It is located 160 metres (520 ft) above sea level. Another lake in the municipality is Sørungen . The highest mountain in Selbu is the 1,441-metre (4,728 ft) tall mountain Fongen , located inside Skarvan and Roltdalen National Park . The Nea River and Rotla River both flow through

1739-570: The regions have already been accomplished. Although enrollment in the sub-Saharan area of Africa continues to be the lowest region worldwide, by 2010, "it still increased by 18 percentage points—from 58 percent to 76 percent—between 1999 and 2008." There was also progress in Southern Asia and North Africa, where both areas saw an increase in enrollment. For example, in Southern Asia, this had increased by 11 percent and in North Africa by 8 percent- over

1786-643: The same design as the coat of arms. The Church of Norway has one parish ( sokn ) within the municipality of Selbu. It is part of the Stjørdal prosti ( deanery ) in the Diocese of Nidaros . Traditionally, Selbu has been an agricultural and forest managing community. The area is well known for its special knitting techniques. The last decades have led to efforts in business such as high technology , electronics , and mechanics . The newspaper Selbyggen has been published in Selbu since 1889. Selbu Municipality

1833-468: The school population attended elementary schools through to 14. The remainder transferred either to secondary school or to junior technical school at age 11. The school system was changed with the Education Act 1944 . Education was restructured into three progressive stages, which were known as primary education, secondary education and further education . Jean Piaget was responsible for establishing

1880-427: The task. This worked well for the landowners, but the children of the landless would be employed from the age of seven as servants. In one source from the turn of the 15th century, a French count advised that nobles' huntsmen should "choose a boy servant as young as seven or eight" and that "...this boy should be beaten until he has a proper dread of failing to carry out his masters orders." The document listed chores that

1927-557: The teaching interesting, rather than by corporal punishment . The trivium (grammar, rhetoric and logic) and quadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) were legacies of the Roman curriculum. As the Roman influence waned, the great cathedral schools were established to provide a source of choristers and clergy. Kings School, Canterbury dates from 597. The Council of Rome in 853 specified that each parish should provide elementary education: religious ritual but also reading and writing Latin. The purpose of education

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1974-457: The vast majority of children out of school, they hypothesized that they might not have been able to reach their goal by 2015. According to the September 2010 fact sheet, this was because there were still about 69 million school-age children who were not in school with almost half of the demographic in sub-Saharan Africa and more than a quarter in Southern Asia. In order to achieve the goal by 2015,

2021-431: The vernacular. There was a need for something more basic. This was addressed by Dame schools , then charity schools , often set up by the churches ( C of E schools ), Bell's British Schools and Joseph Lancaster's National Schools . Certain movements in education had relevance in all of Europe and its diverging colonies. The Americans were interested in the thoughts of Pestalozzi , Joseph Lancaster , Owen and

2068-484: Was based on the catechetical method - repeating and memorizing questions and answers, although often understanding the information was not important. These skills were also needed in the great abbeys such as Cluny . There was a divergence between the needs of town and monasteries and we see the development of the parish, chantry, monastic, and cathedral schools. With the entry of women into church life, convents were established, and with them convent schools. Girls entered at

2115-458: Was developed by Jerome Bruner , David Wood, and Gail Ross. These are in the realms of the: The United Nations Millennium Development Goal 2 (2002) was to achieve universal primary education by 2015. By that time, they aimed to ensure that all children everywhere, regardless of race or gender, could complete primary schooling. Because the United Nations specifically focused on Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia , as they are both home to

2162-404: Was no need for enforced education. In agrarian cultures, agriculture, husbandry, bartering, and building skills can be passed on from adults to children or master to apprentice. Societies agree on the need for their children to learn and absorb their cultural traditions and beliefs. They attempt to do this informally in the family or by gathering the children together and employing a tutor to handle

2209-419: Was to explain salvation, not social change. The church had a monopoly on education; the feudal lords concurred and allowed their sons to be educated at the few church schools. The economy in most of Europe was agrarian and the children of serfs started work as soon as they were able. It was accepted as a truth by Christians that man was created by God in the image of Adam with his share of original sin and that

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