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23-496: The islands are of volcanic origin and have rugged terrain. They are largely barren, except for the southern part of Trindade. They were discovered in 1502 by Portuguese explorer Estêvão da Gama and stayed Portuguese until they became part of Brazil at its independence in 1822 . From 1895 to 1896, Trindade was occupied by the United Kingdom until an agreement with Brazil was reached. During the period of British occupation, Trindade

46-813: A description of it is included in The Worst Journey in the World , by Apsley Cherry-Garrard , one of the members of the expedition. In August 1914, the Imperial German Navy established a supply base for its warships off Trindade. On 14 September 1914, the Royal Navy auxiliary cruiser HMS  Carmania fought the German SMS ; Cap Trafalgar off Trindade in the Battle of Trindade . Carmania sank Cap Trafalgar , but sustained severe damage herself. Trindade

69-474: A national flag, and a coat of arms; established a chivalric order , the "Cross of Trinidad"; bought a schooner to transport colonists; appointed M. le Comte de la Boissiere as secretary of state ; opened a consular office at 217 West 36th Street in New York City; and even issued government bonds to finance construction of infrastructure on the island. Despite his plans, his idea was ridiculed or ignored by

92-416: A remarkable peak in the form of a slightly inclined cylinder, rises from the west coast to 270 m (890 ft). Until around 1850, between 75 and 85% of the island was covered by a forest of Colubrina glandulosa trees, 15m in height and 40 cm trunk diameter. The introduction of non-native animals (like goats, pigs, sheep, etc.), and the indiscriminate cutting of trees, led to total extirpation of

115-551: The American Revolutionary War and later participated in the 1783 Battle of Cuddalore during the Anglo-French War of 1778–83 . By 1787 the ship had been converted into a church ship. Converted into a prison ship in 1794, Bristol instead served as a hospital ship until she was broken up in 1810. Bristol had a length at the gundeck of 146 feet (44.5 m) and 119 feet 9 inches (36.5 m) at

138-706: The Portuguese Empire . Many visitors have been to Martim Vaz, the most famous of whom was the English astronomer Edmund Halley , who took possession of the island on behalf of the British Monarchy in 1700. Wild goats and hogs, descendants of ones set free by Halley, were still found on Martim Vaz in 1939. HMS  Rattlesnake , a 198-ton, 12-gun cutter -rigged sloop , was wrecked on Trindade on 21 October 1781, shortly after Commander Philippe d'Auvergne had taken over command. Rattlesnake had been ordered to survey

161-716: The green sea turtle in Brazil. There are also large numbers of breeding seabirds, including the endemic subspecies of the Great frigatebird ( Fregata minor nicolli ) and Lesser frigatebird ( F. ariel trinitatis ), and it is the only Atlantic breeding site for the Trindade petrel . Humpback whales have been confirmed to use the Trindade island as a nursery. The Trindade and Martim Vaz Islands were discovered in 1502 by Portuguese navigators led by Estêvão da Gama , and along with Brazil, became part of

184-434: The keel . She had a beam of 40 feet 7 inches (12.4 m), a draught of 15 feet 7 inches (4.7 m) at deep load and a depth of hold of 17 feet 6 inches (5.3 m). The ship's tonnage was 1,049 9 ⁄ 94 tons burthen . Bristol was armed with twenty-two 24-pounder cannon on her main gundeck , twenty-two 12-pounder cannon on her upper gundeck, and four 6-pounder cannon on

207-438: The quarterdeck and another pair on the forecastle . The ship had a crew of 350 officers and ratings . Bristol , named after the eponymous port , was ordered on 12 October 1768 to a design by John Williams . The ship, however, was not laid down until May 1771 at Sheerness Dockyard and was launched on 25 October 1775. Commissioned that same month, she cost £ 23,440 to build and a further £3,574 to outfit . During

230-432: The 20th century, with many indigenous species becoming endangered. The individual islands with their respective locations are given in the following: Trindade is a mountainous, desiccated volcanic island. The highest summit is Pico Desejado, near the center, 620 metres (2,030 feet) high. Nearby to the northwest are Pico da Trindade (590 m (1,940 ft)) and Pico Bonifácio (570 m (1,870 ft)). Pico Monumento,

253-770: The 64-gun Nossa Senhora dos Prazeres , commanded by Captain of sea and war José de Melo, with 150 soldiers and artillery, but the British had already abandoned the Island. Captain La Pérouse stopped there at the outset of his 1785 voyage to the Pacific. In 1839, the Ross expedition made a brief stop on Trindade, as chronicled by Robert McCormick . He described Pico Monumento as the "Nine Pin Rock". In 1889, Edward Frederick Knight went treasure hunting on

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276-510: The American War of Independence, she was Commodore Sir Peter Parker 's flagship during the attack on Sullivan's Island on 28 June 1776 and was heavily damaged during the battle. On 19 May 1778 she recaptured ship "Isabella" that has been captured by a privateer. On 20 May she recaptured ship "Swift". both off Punta Manati, Cuba . On 21 May recaptured schooner "William" and captured sloop "Aurora", both off Bahia de Bueno Vista, Cuba. Later in

299-464: The forest, causing heavy erosion on the island, with a loss of about 1 to 2 meters of fertile soils. The effect of this devastation impaired the flow of water streams, with the depletion of several springs. There is a small settlement in the north on the shore of a cove called Enseada dos Portugueses, supporting a garrison of the Brazilian Navy, 32 strong. The archipelago is the main nesting site of

322-423: The island to ascertain whether it would make a useful base for outward-bound Indiamen . She anchored, but that evening the wind increased and by seven o’clock she was dragging. Two hours later the first cable parted and Commander d’Auvergne club-hauled his way out, setting main and fore sails, and using the remaining anchor cable as a spring. This successfully put Rattlesnake ’s head to seaward. The remaining cable

345-516: The island. He was unsuccessful but he wrote a detailed description of the island and his expedition, titled The Cruise of the Alerte . In 1893 another Franco-American , James Harden-Hickey , claimed the island and declared himself as James I, Prince of Trinidad . According to James Harden-Hickey's plans, Trinidad, after being recognized as an independent country, would become a military dictatorship and have him as dictator. He designed postage stamps,

368-583: The municipality of Vitória , a landmark was built on 24 January 1897. Nowadays, Brazilian presence is marked by a permanent Brazilian Navy base on the main island. In July 1910 the ship Terra Nova carrying the last expedition of Captain Robert Falcon Scott to the Antarctic arrived at the island, at the time uninhabited. Some members of the Scott's expedition explored the island with scientific purposes, and

391-494: The tiny island with 30 sailors, 20 captured French sailors, one French woman, some animals and supplies. They were resupplied by another ship in January 1782, then they appear to have been forgotten, as they lived on the tiny island for a year until HMS  Bristol and a convoy of Indiamen, which fortuitously called there, rescued them in late December 1782. Johnstone had made a naval base in Trindade, so Portugal reacted. They sent

414-593: The war, she was stationed off Jamaica , and fought at the Battle of Cuddalore. In December 1782 she was escorting a convoy of East Indiamen when they stopped at the island of Trindade . There she found Captain Philippe d'Auvergne of HMS  Rattlesnake , which had wrecked there on 12 October 1781. Bristol took the survivors with her to India. After 1794 she was used as a prison ship (lying in Gillingham Reach, in

437-502: The world. In July 1895, the British again tried to take possession of this strategic position in the Atlantic. The British planned to use the island as a cable station. However, Brazilian diplomatic efforts, along with Portuguese support, reinstated Trindade Island to Brazilian sovereignty. In order to clearly demonstrate sovereignty over the island, now part of the State of Espírito Santo and

460-536: Was Captain-major of the Portuguese army in India in 1503. This article about a Portuguese explorer is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . HMS Bristol (1775) HMS Bristol was a 50-gun Portland -class fourth-rate ship of the line , built for the Royal Navy in the 1770s. She served as a flagship during the Battle of Sullivan's Island , Charleston, South Carolina in 1776 during

483-584: Was a port passing mark for the 2022 Golden Globe Race , a single-handed round-the-world yacht race. In March 2023, plastic rocks called plastistone were found on Trindade. Est%C3%AAv%C3%A3o da Gama (c. 1470) Estêvão da Gama (c. 1470) was a Portuguese navigator and explorer who discovered the Trindade and Martim Vaz islands in modern Brazil . Estêvão da Gama was Vasco da Gama 's cousin, son of his cousin Aires da Gama , as explained by Manuel de Faria e Sousa , in its work Ásia Portuguesa (1675). He

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506-401: Was known as South Trinidad. The islands are situated some 2,100 kilometres (1,300 miles) southwest of Ascension Island and 2,550 kilometres (1,580 miles) west of Saint Helena , and the distance to the west coast of Africa is 4,270 kilometres (2,650 miles). Due the introduction of invasive species such as sheep, etc. the island's biodiversity has heavily deteriorated since the second half of

529-421: Was then cut, and the sloop wore round and stood out to sea. However the ground now shallowed quite rapidly and suddenly Rattlesnake struck a submerged rock. She started filling with water, so, in order to preserve the lives of the crew, d'Auvergne ran her ashore. Commodore Johnstone on board HMS  Jupiter had previously wished to colonise the island and claim it for Britain, so d'Auvergne agreed to stay on

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