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18-548: Such institutions were typical in Slovenian ethnic territory in the decades around 1900. It was built by the Slovenian architect Max Fabiani between 1901 and 1904. Fabiani designed the building with the concept of technical-rational structure, with the facade of monumental stone. It was completed in 1904. It had an ornate facade and state-of-the-art equipment, including an electric generator and central heating . On 13 July 1920, at

36-422: A process of Germanization started by the end of the 1840s, creating several German-speaking areas within what had previously been a compact Slovene territory. Since the late 1950s, most of southern Carinthia has had a German-speaking majority, with the local Slovene minority living in a scattered pattern throughout the area. On the other hand, other areas with historically important Slovene communities, such as

54-564: Is now the Italian comune of Tarvisio , but used to belong to the Duchy of Carinthia until 1919. The city of Trieste , whose municipal territory has been regarded by Slovenes to be an integral part of the Slovene lands, has always had a Romance -speaking majority (first Friulian , then Venetian and Italian ). A similar case is that of the town of Gorizia , which served as a major religious center of

72-665: The Austrian Empire was first advanced during the Spring of Nations . "Slovenia" became a de facto distinctive administrative and political entity for the first time in 1918, with the unilateral declaration of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs . Although Slovenia did not exist as an autonomous administrative unit between 1921 and 1941, the Drava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia

90-568: The Croatian cities of Rijeka and Zagreb , as well as the Slovene villages in the Somogy county of Hungary (the Somogy Slovenes ), were never regarded to be part of the Slovene lands. The same goes for the Slovene communities in south-west Friuli (in the villages of Gradisca, Gradiscutta, Gorizzo, Goricizza, Lestizza , and Belgrado in the lower Tagliamento area) which extinguished themselves by

108-681: The Illyrian provinces , the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary (in Cisleithania ). They encompassed Carniola , southern part of Carinthia , southern part of Styria , Istria , Gorizia and Gradisca , Trieste , and Prekmurje . Their territory more or less corresponds to modern Slovenia and the adjacent territories in Italy , Austria , Hungary , and Croatia , where autochthonous Slovene minorities live. The areas surrounding present-day Slovenia were never homogeneously ethnically Slovene . Like

126-542: The Slovaks , the Slovenes preserve the self-designation of the early Slavs as their ethnonym. The term Slovenia ("Slovenija") was not in use prior to the early 19th century, when it was coined for political purposes by the Slovene romantic nationalists , most probably by some pupils of the linguist Jernej Kopitar . It started to be used only from the 1840s on, when the quest for a politically autonomous United Slovenia within

144-492: The 19th century, the territories regarded as part of the Slovene lands were: The Žumberak and the area around Čabar , which today belong to Croatia , were long part of the Duchy of Carniola , and thus generally regarded as part of the Slovene lands, especially prior to the emergence of Romantic nationalism in the 19th century, when the exact ethnic border between Slovenes and Croats had not yet been specified. Not all of

162-663: The Drava Banovina. The Drava Banovina was administratively subdivided into 29 counties (called srez ): In 1941 the World War II Axis powers occupied the Drava Banovina, and it was divided largely between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy , while Hungary annexed Prekmurje and the Independent State of Croatia annexed some smaller border areas. Following World War II the region was reconstituted, with additional pre–World War II Italian territory ( Julian March ), as

180-533: The Fascists burning the building. 45°39′17″N 13°46′29″E  /  45.65472°N 13.77472°E  / 45.65472; 13.77472 Slovene Lands The Slovene lands or Slovenian lands ( Slovene : Slovenske dežele or in short Slovensko ) is the historical denomination for the territories in Central and Southern Europe where people primarily spoke Slovene . The Slovene lands were part of

198-551: The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, The Drava Banovina is bounded by a line passing from the point where the northern boundary of the district of Čabar cuts the State frontier, then following the State frontier with Italy , Austria and Hungary to a point where the State frontier with Hungary reaches the river Mura (north-east of Čakovec ). From the river Mura, the boundary of the Banovina follows

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216-460: The Slovene lands for centuries, but was inhabited by a mixed Italian-Slovene-Friulian-German population. The towns of Koper , Izola and Piran , surrounded by an ethnically Slovene population, were inhabited almost exclusively by Venetian-speaking Italians until the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus in the late 1940s and 1950s, as were large areas of the comune of Muggia . In southern Carinthia,

234-570: The eastern and then the southern boundaries; of the districts of Lendava , Ljutomer , Ptuj , Šmarje , Brežice , Krško , Novo Mesto , Metlika , Črnomelj , Kočevje and Logatec , including all the districts mentioned. Also in 1931, the Municipality of Štrigova (now in Croatia) was separated from the Čakovec District and the rest of Međimurje and was included in the Ljutomer District in

252-591: The end of a violent anti-Slovenian demonstration as a reaction to the July 11 Split incident , the building was burned by the Fascist Blackshirts , led by Francesco Giunta . The act was praised by Benito Mussolini , who had not yet assumed power, as a "masterpiece of the Triestine Fascism" ( Italian : capolavoro del fascismo triestino ). It was part of a wider pogrom against the Slovenes and other Slavs in

270-476: The end of the 16th century. Drava Banovina The Drava Banovina or Drava Banate ( Slovene and Serbo-Croatian : Dravska banovina ), was a province ( banovina ) of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941. This province consisted of most of present-day Slovenia and was named for the Drava River. The capital city of the Drava Banovina was Ljubljana . According to the 1931 Constitution of

288-774: The territories referred to as the "Slovene lands" have always had a Slovene-speaking majority. Several towns, especially in Lower Styria, maintained a German-speaking majority until the late 1910s, most notably Maribor , Celje and Ptuj . The area around Kočevje in Lower Carniola , known as the Gottschee County , had a predominantly German-speaking population between the 14th century and 1941 when they were resettled in an agreement between Nazi German and Fascist Italian occupation forces. A similar German "linguistic island" within an ethnically Slovene territory existed in what

306-603: The very centre of Trieste and the harbinger of the ensuing violence against the Slovenes and Croats in the Julian March . On 15 May 1921, less than a year after the arson attack, the architect Fabiani became a member of the Italian Fascist movement . The reason for his joining the party and his political activity in the following years remains unclear. Boris Pahor 's autobiographical novel Trg Oberdan describes how he witnessed

324-458: Was frequently called simply "Slovenia", even in some official documents. Consequently, most Slovene scholars prefer to refer to the "Slovene lands" in English rather than "Slovenia" to describe the territory of modern Slovenia and neighbouring areas in earlier times. The use of the English term "Slovenia" is generally considered by Slovene scholars to be anachronistic due to its modern origin. In

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