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123-652: The West Street pedestrian bridges are a series of pedestrian bridges that cross West Street to connect the neighborhoods of Tribeca and the Financial District with Battery Park City in Lower Manhattan , New York City . The bridges were built to provide alternatives to crossing the busy street. Prior to the September 11 attacks , there were three bridges at Chambers Street , Vesey Street and Liberty Street . The Vesey Street and Liberty Street bridges connected

246-572: A basement four stories underground. Platform A, next to tracks 1 and 2, opened as part of the Transportation Hub on February 25, 2014. Platform B between tracks 2 and 3 opened on May 7, 2015. The other two platforms opened on September 8, 2016. Above the station, there are three mezzanine levels. The top two levels contain shops as part of the Westfield World Trade Center . The first mezzanine level below ground also contains

369-448: A billion dollars, and utility installation around the entire World Trade Center site cost another $ 400 million. Over $ 500 million in cost savings was overlooked. The design was costly, with Calatrava netting $ 80 million in design fees and the overall architectural design being another $ 405.8 million. Speeding up the pace of construction also contributed to the higher cost, with $ 100 million dedicated to building

492-499: A cost of $ 275,000, was designed to have an "aspiring quality," according to architect Bartholomew Voorsanger . That entrance on Church Street was closed in April 2008 when the entrance was relocated once again. On April 1, 2008, the third temporary entrance to the PATH station opened for commuters. The entrance was located on Vesey Street, adjacent to 7 World Trade Center . It was demolished with

615-603: A disability can cross them. Types of footbridges include: The residential-scale footbridges all span a short distance and can be used for a broad range of applications. Complicated engineering is not needed and the footbridges are built with readily available materials and basic tools. Different types of design footbridges include: Footbridges can also be built in the same ways as road or rail bridges; particularly suspension bridges and beam bridges . Some former road bridges have had their traffic diverted to alternative crossings and have become pedestrian bridges; examples in

738-463: A door on display that has the words "MATF 1 / 9 13" spray-painted on it (a message from Urban Search and Rescue Massachusetts Task Force 1 of Beverly, Massachusetts , who searched the World Trade Center site on September 13, 2001). There is a plaque above the spray-painting, explaining the message on the door. PATH was required to preserve the passageway's original design as per Section 106 of

861-893: A founding member and chairman of the Downtown Alliance and board member of the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation . The idea of naming the bridge in Douglass’ honor came from Charles J. Urstadt , the first chairman of the Battery Park City Authority. Pedestrian bridge For rural communities in the developing world, a footbridge may be a community's only access to medical clinics, schools, businesses and markets. Simple suspension bridge designs have been developed to be sustainable and easily constructed in such areas using only local materials and labor. An enclosed footbridge between two buildings

984-514: A hat dropped by her sister, but lost her balance and fell; it was later revealed that she "was pretending to be flying" while lying on the escalator's handrail. After her death, there was some focus on the height of the 3-foot-4-inch (1.02 m) handrails, and how they could pose a safety risk. The Transportation Hub is designed to connect the PATH subway system to the New York City Subway system. The 1 service, which runs through

1107-544: A large transportation station downtown, intended to rival Penn Station and Grand Central Terminal . Calatrava was hired as the architect for this new, $ 2 billion design, and he revealed his plan in January 2004. Calatrava's design called for an above-ground station house (now the Oculus) with curved supports that extended outward, like wings. These wings would run the length of the concourse, which would run from Church Street in

1230-480: A new PATH terminal was seen as instrumental in making this happen. In August 2002, the U.S. government allocated $ 4.5 billion to build a terminal linking the subway and PATH stations at the World Trade Center site. Four locations were considered, and it was ultimately decided to build the new terminal four levels underground, along the base of the World Trade Center "bathtub". A large transit station

1353-630: A single station is attributed to the extravagant design, which stems from the Port Authority needing to convince the government of New Jersey to pay for a project situated entirely in New York. Originally, the reconstruction was to be funded by the Federal Transit Administration , which gave approximately $ 1.9 billion to the project. The costs of the hub were still expensive, but it was to be finished at budget in 2009. In 2014 dollars,

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1476-469: A structure otherwise difficult to reach are referred as catwalks or cat walks . Such catwalks are located above a stage ( theater catwalk ) in a theater, between parts of a building, along the side of a bridge, on the inside of a tunnel, on the outside of any large storage tank in a refinery or elsewhere, etc. The walkway on the outside (top) of a railroad cars such as boxcars , before air brakes came into use, or on top of some covered hopper cars

1599-592: A temporary Vesey Street Bridge was broken in August 2003 by then-Governor George E. Pataki . The bridge opened in November 2003 in time for the return of the PATH train to the temporary terminal by the WTC site and connected the southwest corner of Vesey Street and West Street, next to 3 WFC , with the northeast corner, next to 140 West Street ( Verizon Building ). The Vesey Street bridge

1722-513: A temporary platform and track, as well as the construction of Platform D, the first permanent platform. The fourth phase would consist of the lengthening of the other three platforms, expansion of the mezzanine, and structural completion, while the fifth phase would include the construction of the station house. The complex would be completed by 2009 or 2010 under this plan. The station design received critical acclaim. In 2004, Herbert Muschamp , architecture critic for The New York Times , compared

1845-496: A temporary station opened on November 23, 2003. The inaugural train was the same one that had been used for the evacuation. The temporary PATH station was designed by Port Authority chief architect Robert I. Davidson and constructed at a cost of $ 323 million. It was located at the same place as the original station. The station featured a canopy entrance along Church Street and a 118-by-12-foot (36 by 3.7 m) mosaic mural , "Iridescent Lightning," by Giulio Candussio of

1968-897: A total length of 2,063 metres (6,768 ft). Before it was demolished in 2011, the Hornibrook Bridge which crossed Bramble Bay in Queensland , Australia was longer than the Poughkeepsie Bridge at 2.684 km (1.668 mi). Much rural travel takes place on local footpaths , tracks and village roads. These provide essential access to water, firewood, farm plots and the classified road network. Communities and/or local government are generally responsible for this infrastructure . Pedestrian overpasses over highways or railroads are expensive, especially when elevators or long ramps for wheelchair users are required. Without elevators or ramps, people with mobility handicaps will not be able to use

2091-557: A tunnel to Lower Manhattan to provide faster service to John F. Kennedy International Airport . The project was halted in 2008 before an environmental impact statement could be created. As of September 2018 , current services include: The Fulton Street station complex (where the Fulton Center opened in November 2014) is two blocks away to the east and is fully compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . It features

2214-697: Is a terminal station on the PATH system, within the World Trade Center complex in the Financial District of Manhattan , New York City . It is served by the Newark–World Trade Center line at all times, as well as by the Hoboken–World Trade Center line on weekdays, and is the eastern terminus of both. The World Trade Center station is near the site of the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad 's (H&M) Hudson Terminal , which opened in 1909. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey bought

2337-684: Is a timber bridge that fall naturally or are intentionally felled or placed across streams. Some of the first man-made bridges with significant span were probably intentionally felled trees. Among the oldest timber bridges is the Holzbrücke Rapperswil-Hurden crossing upper Lake Zürich in Switzerland; the prehistoric timber piles discovered to the west of the Seedamm date back to 1523 B.C. The first wooden footbridge led across Lake Zürich , followed by several reconstructions at least until

2460-570: Is a type of pedestrian separation structure , examples of which are particularly found near schools. The simplest type of bridge is stepping stones , so this may have been one of the earliest types of footbridge. Neolithic people also built a form of a boardwalk across marshes, of which the Sweet Track , and the Post Track are examples from England, that are around 6000 years old. Undoubtedly ancient peoples would also have used log bridges ; that

2583-530: Is also called a catwalk . With the exception of those on top of railroad cars, catwalks are equipped with railings or handrails . Since the early 1980s, several charities have developed standardized footbridge designs that are sustainable for use in developing countries . The first charity to develop such designs was Helvetas, located in Zurich, Switzerland. Designs that can be sustainably and efficiently used in developing countries are typically made available to

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2706-428: Is amassing an unusually long list of projects marred by cost overruns, delays and litigation", referring to his other projects around the world that were over budget. Especially because the current station has a ridership of only 46,000 daily passengers compared to 250,000 at Grand Central Terminal, the renovation is sometimes depicted as overpriced and overstylized. According to a writer for Esquire magazine, even if

2829-553: Is an ancient form of bridge found on the moors of Devon ( Dartmoor and Exmoor ) and in other upland areas of the United Kingdom including Snowdonia and Anglesey , Cumbria , Yorkshire and Lancashire . It is formed by large flat slabs of stone, often granite or schist , supported on stone piers (across rivers), or resting on the banks of streams. Although often credited with prehistoric origin, most were erected in medieval times, and some in later centuries. A famous example

2952-596: Is found in the village of Postbridge . First recorded in the 14th century, the bridge is believed to have been originally built in the 13th century to enable pack horses to cross the river. Nowadays clapper bridges are only used as footbridges. The Kapellbrücke is a 204-metre-long (669 ft) footbridge crossing the River Reuss in the city of Lucerne in Switzerland. It is the oldest wooden covered bridge in Europe, and one of Switzerland's main tourist attractions. The bridge

3075-672: Is north of Vesey Street.) The bridge was finally closed and taken apart on October 7, 2013. At the same time, the crosswalk on the north side of Vesey Street was reopened, The bridge was replaced by the West Concourse of the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , an underground passageway connecting the World Financial Center with the World Trade Center PATH station and to the Fulton Center via

3198-415: Is sometimes known as a skyway . Bridges providing for both pedestrians and cyclists are often referred to as greenbridges and form an important part of a sustainable transport system. Footbridges are often situated to allow pedestrians to cross water or railways in areas where there are no nearby roads. They are also located across roads to let pedestrians cross safely without slowing traffic. The latter

3321-400: Is the longest enclosed pedestrian bridge, completed on October 1, 2021. The 305 metre bridge was part of a $ 250 million project to UWM's offices, which converted a former warehouse and utilized shipping containers for offices, corridors, and other spaces. The Walkway Over The Hudson footbridge was originally built for trains, it was recently restored as a pedestrian walkway. The footbridge has

3444-825: The Battery Park City Ferry Terminal . Between September 2003 and April 2004, the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation , the Metropolitan Transportation Authority , the Port Authority, and the New York City Economic Development Corporation conducted a feasibility study of the Lower Manhattan–Jamaica/JFK Transportation Project . It would use the Long Island Rail Road 's Atlantic Branch to Downtown Brooklyn and

3567-587: The Cortlandt Street–Greenwich Street station for the 1 train and a direct entrance to the northbound platform. A connection to the Cortlandt Street–Church Street station's southbound platform, for the N , ​ R , and ​ W trains, is located at the far east end of the mezzanine, past the mall's shops. The second mezzanine level contains the entrances to the station, as well as more connections to

3690-584: The Dey Street Passageway . The temporary bridge was demolished and replaced by a pedestrian crosswalk. The original incarnation of the Liberty Street Bridge ( 40°42′38″N 74°0′53″W  /  40.71056°N 74.01472°W  / 40.71056; -74.01472 ), was called the South Bridge , as it was seen as a companion to its Vesey Street counterpart and had a similar design. Due to

3813-483: The Fulton Center and Dey Street Concourse opened to the public. The Dey Street Concourse entrance into the Transportation Hub was closed until the Hub opened. On November 22, the last of 114 rafters was installed. Also, by this date, one crane had been disassembled and painting of the hub continued. On May 7, 2015, Platform B and the remaining half of Platform A opened, and Platform C closed. A few weeks later, on May 29,

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3936-518: The Hudson River . During excavation of the site and construction of the towers, the original Hudson Tubes remained in service as elevated tunnels. The new station cost $ 35 million to build. At the time, it had a passenger volume of 85,000 daily. The Hudson Terminal station closed on July 2, 1971, to allow a three-day maintenance period to divert service to the World Trade Center PATH station. The new PATH station opened on July 6, 1971, west of

4059-539: The National September 11 Memorial & Museum and another $ 24 million to speed up delivery of construction materials. The price of the station was further driven up by Calatrava's architectural decisions. He wanted to import custom-made steel from a northern Italian factory, which cost $ 474 million, and have a columnless, aesthetically based design; skylights in the ground, instead of trees; and large, soaring "wings", or rafters. Another $ 335 million

4182-722: The Pont de Solférino in Paris and the Millennium Bridge in London. To ensure footbridges are accessible to disabled and other mobility-impaired people, careful consideration is nowadays also given to provision of access lifts or ramps , as required by relevant legislation (e.g. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the UK). Some old bridges in Venice are now equipped with a stairlift so that residents with

4305-603: The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey to take over the railroad, but the Port Authority had long viewed it as unprofitable. The Port Authority ultimately took over the H&;M as part of an agreement concerning the construction of the World Trade Center . The Port Authority had initially proposed constructing the complex on the East River , on the opposite side of Lower Manhattan from Hudson Terminal. As an interstate agency,

4428-548: The Scuola Mosaicisti del Friuli in Spilimbergo , Italy. The station was also adorned with opaque panel walls inscribed with inspirational quotes attesting to the greatness and resilience of New York City. These panels partially shielded the World Trade Center site from view. Some sections of the station, including the passageway and the signage on the northeast corner, were only lightly damaged on September 11, 2001, during

4551-626: The Tribeca Bridge , was built in 1992 to improve connections for the northern part of Battery Park City . It connects Stuyvesant High School inside Battery Park City and the property of the Borough of Manhattan Community College . Although an exit to the street level exists on the Battery Park City side, the bridge connects directly into Stuyvesant High School. Designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill , its lighting display at night has earned it

4674-532: The Vierendeel Truss , one of the hub's key components, began with the installation of a 50 short tons (45 long tons) section of the 271-short-ton (242-long-ton) truss. The truss serves as the mezzanine roof and also acts as a support for the northeast corner of the WTC Memorial. The Oculus's $ 542 million construction contract was awarded to Skanska in summer 2010. The project included steel erection for

4797-503: The World Trade Center site . In 2006, the New York State Department of Transportation released its proposal to reconstruct West Street into a promenade. The plans did not feature a permanent replacement, suggesting that the first Rector Street Bridge may be permanent. However a renovation was planned then, to keep the bridge in place for another ten years. Billed by SHoP Architects as "Rector Street Bridge #2", this structure

4920-439: The collapse of the World Trade Center . These sections of the station were retained in the temporary station, and remained in the new station. Following its reopening and the resumption of Newark–World Trade Center and Hoboken–World Trade Center services, the station quickly reclaimed its status as the busiest station in the PATH system. However, it had several limitations. The temporary station had 8-car-long platforms, whereas

5043-401: The "bird has grown a beak", and that because of the new security features, the station might "now evoke a slender stegosaurus more than it does a bird". The design was further modified in 2008 to eliminate the opening and closing roof mechanism because of budget and space constraints. A Curbed NY reporter wrote in 2015, "The platform's mezzanine level ... is kind of amazing and shows off

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5166-431: The 1996 IES/NY Lumen Lighting Award. The first Vesey Street Bridge ( 40°42′49″N 74°0′49″W  /  40.71361°N 74.01361°W  / 40.71361; -74.01361 ), or North Bridge , connected the above-ground concourse of the former World Trade Center complex with the World Financial Center . Paralleling the nearby Vesey Street, it opened in 1984. It began at a point between 1 WTC and 6 WTC linking

5289-468: The Church Street entrance was relocated to the south, and the old entrance was closed and demolished. In April 2008, a third and final temporary entrance to the station was located at Vesey Street, facing Greenwich Street and adjacent to 7 World Trade Center . The temporary entrance was a one-story building on the south side of Vesey Street. On March 3, 2016, the permanent PATH station building opened and

5412-527: The Exchange Place station was needed after the attacks. In addition, the downtown Hudson tubes had been flooded, which destroyed the track infrastructure. Modifications to the tracks were also required since the Exchange Place station was not a terminal station. The uptown PATH tubes , ferry routes, and NJ Transit lines across the Hudson River could not handle the displaced ridership on their own, and it

5535-647: The Financial District. The bridge is a two-span lenticular truss bridge designed by Thornton Tomasetti and WXY Architecture. The West Thames Street Bridge replaced the Rector Street Bridge. Construction of the new bridge began at the end of November 2016. The construction cost of the West Thames Street Bridge has increased over time. It was estimated to be $ 45.1 million in September 2016, though

5658-449: The Hub. In addition, the Dey Street Passageway along Dey Street connects the Transportation Hub east to the Fulton Center , providing access to the 2 , ​ 3 ​, 4 , ​ 5 ​, A , ​ C , ​ E ​, J ​, N , ​ R , ​ W , and Z services. A passageway, known as the West Concourse, connects west to Brookfield Place and

5781-527: The Hudson Terminal had reached 30,535,500 annually. Volume nearly doubled by 1922, with 59,221,354 passengers that year. Overall ridership on the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad declined substantially from a high of 113 million riders in 1927 to 26 million in 1958, after new automobile tunnels and bridges opened across the Hudson River . The H&M went bankrupt in 1954. The state of New Jersey wanted

5904-914: The Island of Montreal, was measured by a calibrated device as being 7,512 feet or 2,290 meters or 1.4227 miles or 2.290 kilometers long starting and ending where the treadway rises above the ground and a pedestrian could access the bridge as close as possible to the St Lawrence River. Sky Bridge 721 , the longest pedestrian suspension bridge, which spans in the Králický Sněžník mountain in the Czech Republic, opened in May 2022. The 721 metres (2,365 ft) bridge hangs 95 metres (312 ft) above ground. The United Wholesale Mortgage Pedestrian Bridge in Pontiac, Michigan

6027-512: The Newark–World Trade Center line between Exchange Place and World Trade Center was suspended during almost all weekends in 2019 and 2020, except on holiday weekends. Hudson Terminal was built by the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad and opened on July 19, 1909. Hudson Terminal included two 22-story office buildings located above the station on the two blocks between Greenwich , Cortlandt , Church , and Fulton Streets. The terminal

6150-491: The Oculus was built to maximize the effect of the autumnal equinox rays (coinciding with the skylight opening on or around September 11 every year). On the actual anniversary of the attacks, the skylight would open for 102 minutes to commemorate the duration between the time the first tower was hit and the collapse of the second tower . If needed, the skylight could also be manually opened to provide air ventilation. As outlined in

6273-428: The Oculus's construction did not begin in earnest until July 8, 2008, when the first prefabricated "ribs" for the pedestrian walkway under Fulton Street were installed on the site. The mezzanine level of the station was undergoing major construction and work on the foundation was underway. By March 2011, over 225 of the 300 steel pieces that make up the roof of the station were installed. Later that month installation of

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6396-536: The PATH hub was appropriate for the World Trade Center site, as it would be "a major cultural contribution" to the New York City skyline. A committee for Manhattan Community Board 1 called the station design "beautiful" in 2005. Calatrava described the original design as representative of "a bird being released from a child's hand". However, Calatrava's original soaring spike design was scaled back because of security issues. The New York Times observed in 2005 that

6519-470: The Port Authority required approval for its projects from both New Jersey's and New York's state governments, but the New Jersey government objected that the proposed trade center would mostly benefit New York. In late 1961, Port Authority executive director Austin J. Tobin proposed shifting the project to Hudson Terminal and taking over the H&M in exchange for New Jersey's agreement. On January 22, 1962,

6642-567: The Transportation Hub, was reconstructed under this project to run above the PATH mezzanine. The 1 train's rebuilt WTC Cortlandt station, which opened in September 2018, has direct access into the Hub. There is also a direct access to the Chambers Street–World Trade Center/Park Place/Cortlandt Street station complex. The N , ​ R , and ​ W trains' Cortlandt Street–Church Street station also has direct access into

6765-498: The UK include The Iron Bridge at Ironbridge , Shropshire , the Old Bridge at Pontypridd and Windsor Bridge at Windsor, Berkshire . Most footbridges are equipped with guard rails to reduce the risk of pedestrians falling. Where they pass over busy roads or railways, they may also include a fence or other such barrier to prevent pedestrians from jumping, or throwing projectiles onto

6888-429: The West Concourse became possible for employees when the tower opened on November 3, 2014. On May 29, 2015, the same day the tower's observatory opened, the entrance to the observation deck opened. The concourse cost $ 225 million to build, and has been described as the most expensive passageway in the world. Construction of the Oculus called for relocation of the World Trade Center cross in April 2006. However,

7011-521: The World Trade Center footprints each September. The plaza would have included a wedge whose lines showed the sun's rays at 8:46 a.m. and 10:28 a.m. on September 11 of each year. These times respectively represented when American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower and when it collapsed. In early 2004, the Port Authority, which owns the land, modified the Libeskind plan to include

7134-538: The attacks, it had sustained significant damage. However, unlike its counterpart, it was extended and repaired and was reopened in April 2002. Since then, the bridge has been revamped and rerouted, due to its location near the World Trade Center site and the construction activity for the Vehicle Security Center and the demolition of the Deutsche Bank Building at 130 Liberty Street. On April 21, 2010,

7257-424: The bankrupt H&M system in 1961, rebranded it as PATH, and redeveloped Hudson Terminal as part of the World Trade Center . The World Trade Center station opened on July 6, 1971, as a replacement for Hudson Terminal, which was closed and demolished as part of the construction of the World Trade Center . Following the September 11 attacks , a temporary PATH station opened in 2003 while the World Trade Center complex

7380-567: The bridge was gained through angular sculptures of four winged lions crowning the abutments . They were designed by sculptor Pavel Sokolov (1764-1835), who also contributed lions for Bridge of Lions . Design of footbridges normally follows the same principles as for other bridges. However, because they are normally significantly lighter than vehicular bridges, they are more vulnerable to vibration and therefore dynamics effects are often given more attention in design. International attention has been drawn to this issue in recent years by problems on

7503-408: The closure of the Exchange Place and World Trade Center stations; the former was closed due to severe water damage. A fourth train was sent to the station at 9:10 a.m. to pick up a dozen PATH employees and a homeless individual, leaving the station empty. The station was subsequently destroyed during the collapse of the World Trade Center . With the station destroyed, service to Lower Manhattan

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7626-461: The construction project. On March 3, 2016, the Oculus partially opened to the public, along with new entrances. Only the west end of the Oculus and the Westfield Mall corridor to Four World Trade Center was opened. Two months later, on May 26, 2016, PATH riders received a direct underground link to Fulton Center and the Cortlandt Street–Church Street station through the Oculus. The PATH entrance into 2 World Trade Center opened on June 21, 2016, and

7749-428: The cost of the hub was estimated at $ 4 billion. The hub cost twice as much in 2014 as it should have originally cost in 2004. The West Concourse cost $ 225 million and was billed as the "world's most expensive hallway". Construction, maintenance, and management alone cost $ 635 million; the Port Authority awarded several subcontracts, most of them costly. The fees of the main construction team took up almost

7872-427: The design to the Bethesda Terrace and Fountain in Central Park . He congratulated the Port Authority for hiring Calatrava, and predicted that the new station would be able to impact the city's future. Muschamp continued that the architect's vision "should satisfy those who believe that buildings planned for ground zero must aspire to a spiritual dimension." Another New York Times critic, Michael Kimmelman, wrote that

7995-420: The destruction of the North Bridge and the closure of the South Bridge due to the terrorist attacks, Battery Park City residents sought for safe passage across West Street in the immediate months following September 11, 2001. The Rector Street Bridge ( 40°42.45′N 74°0.915′W  /  40.70750°N 74.015250°W  / 40.70750; -74.015250 ) was seen as a temporary solution. The bridge

8118-427: The direct underground link to the New York City Subway's World Trade Center station, at the northeast corner of the complex, reopened. Following the 17th anniversary of the September 11 attacks in 2018, the rubber seal of the Oculus's skylight broke. As a result, for the 18th anniversary in 2019, the skylight was unable to open as scheduled. On October 13, 2016, the first birth inside the Oculus occurred. A woman

8241-435: The disaster. The booth closed in the spring of 2007 to make way for construction at the World Trade Center site . In June 2007, the street entrance to the temporary station was closed and demolished as part of the site construction. A set of new staircases was constructed several feet to the south, and a "tent" structure was added to provide cover from the elements. The tent structure, by Voorsanger Architects and installed at

8364-406: The east to the PATH station under Greenwich Street in the west. The building itself would be located on its own block, bounded clockwise from the north by Fulton, Church, Dey, and Greenwich Streets. A skylight would run the length of the station building. The roof was originally designed to mechanically open to increase light and ventilation to the enclosed space. In a nod to the Libeskind concept,

8487-407: The eastern bridge access point was shifted onto the east side of West Street, from Liberty Street . A pre-fabricated segment was attached to the existing bridge, for use while construction proceeds on both sides along Liberty Street. The new pre-fabricated southward extension was fitted with an elevator for ADA accessibility. The bridge was connected to Liberty Park at its eastern end in 2016. With

8610-470: The entrance to the observation deck in the West Concourse was opened on the same day One World Observatory also opened. In late September, the temporary new West Walkway opened with access from the platforms to the West Concourse. The Transportation Hub has been described as either one of the world's most expensive train stations, or the world's single most expensive station, for its massive reconstruction cost of approximately $ 4 billion. By contrast,

8733-417: The first platform of the new station, Platform A, was opened to the public with service to Hoboken. The new platform, an island platform , was fully modernized and contains new lighting, speakers, illuminated signs, escalators, and elevators. The west side of the platform was walled off at the time. On November 3, One World Trade Center opened, as did the PATH entrance from that building. Eight days later,

8856-524: The following services: At the northeast end of the station is the exit to the World Trade Center station of the New York City Subway. The doors and original ADA-accessible ramp, as well as the structure from the first World Trade Center leading into the station, survived the September 11 attacks . The station itself was not damaged, but it was covered by dust and was subsequently closed. The passageway reopened to provide an ADA-connection from

8979-683: The former World Trade Center complex with the World Financial Center . The collapse of the Twin Towers destroyed the Vesey Street bridge and heavily damaged the Liberty Street bridge. To improve pedestrian flow, a temporary bridge was built at Rector Street; a permanent bridge was built at West Thames Street, one block south, in 2019, after which the Rector Street bridge was demolished. A temporary bridge at Vesey Street opened in November 2003 near

9102-460: The hub's cost were disregarded, operating the PATH was itself a waste of money for the Port Authority. In late 2015, the opening was delayed to early 2016 by a leaking roof. When the hub opened in March 2016, the director of the Port Authority , Pat Foye, declined to hold an event to celebrate the opening of the Hub, describing it as "symbol of excess" and noting he was "troubled with the huge cost" of

9225-590: The internal construction, such as paint, turnstiles, and ticket booths, was expected to complete in the end of 2015, with an official opening scheduled for December 17, 2015. On October 23, 2013, the West Concourse opened with access to the World Financial Center, now renamed the Brookfield Place . The storefronts were covered and not yet opened, and the second floor was still closed for construction of One World Trade Center. On February 25, 2014, half of

9348-506: The late 2nd century AD, when the Roman Empire built a 6-metre-wide (20 ft) wooden bridge. Between 1358 and 1360, Rudolf IV, Duke of Austria , built a 'new' wooden bridge across the lake that has been used to 1878 – measuring approximately 1,450 metres (4,760 ft) in length and 4 metres (13 ft) wide. On April 6, 2001, the reconstructed wooden footbridge was opened, being the longest wooden bridge in Switzerland. A clapper bridge

9471-559: The latter's completion in late 2019, residents of Battery Park City lobbied the city to keep the Rector Street Bridge open, saying that it had become a semi-permanent fixture of the neighborhood within its 17 years of operation. Despite this, in early 2020, the Rector Street Bridge was demolished. Designs for the new, permanent West Thames Street Bridge , near the entrance of the Brooklyn–Battery Tunnel , were created in 2009 by SHoP Architects. The bridge would run diagonally between

9594-694: The new 365,000-square-foot (33,900 m ) Westfield World Trade Center mall. After the September 11 attacks, officials proposed a $ 7 billion redesign of transit in Lower Manhattan. This included a new PATH terminal, the Fulton Center, the South Ferry/Whitehall Street terminal further downtown, and the reconstruction of the West Side Highway . Other development projects to restart Lower Manhattan's economy were also proposed, and

9717-584: The north bank of the River Arno until it crosses the river at Ponte Vecchio . It was built in five months by order of Duke Cosimo I de' Medici in 1565, to the design of Giorgio Vasari . Bank Bridge is a famous 25 metre long pedestrian bridge crossing the Griboedov Canal in Saint Petersburg , Russia. Like other bridges across the canal, the existing structure dates from 1826. The special popularity of

9840-448: The northeast and southwest corners of West and West Thames Streets. SHoP Architects' design was later scrapped, and a newer design was created in 2013 by WXY Architecture and Weidlinger Associates . The 230-foot-long (70 m) bridge, officially the Robert R. Douglass Bridge , allows pedestrians to cross over West Street from West Thames Street in Battery Park City to Joseph P. Ward Street in

9963-578: The number of passengers using the station during rush hours, and that any leaks caused the marble floors to become slippery. Kabak also said that "the PATH Hub is shaping up to be an example of design divorced from purpose." Steve Cuozzo of the New York Post described the station in 2014 as it was being built as "a self-indulgent monstrosity" and "a hideous waste of public money". Michael Kimmelman , architecture critic for The New York Times , referred to

10086-402: The opening of the permanent Calatrava-designed station, since it was on the site of the future Performing Arts Center . The World Trade Center Transportation Hub is the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey 's formal name for the new PATH station and the associated transit and retail complex that opened on March 3, 2016. The station's renaming took place when the station reopened. It

10209-506: The original station had 10-car-long platforms. The station frame was also not strong enough to support development above it, and parts of the station were located outdoors in the "bathtub". The temporary station had only one entrance, at Church Street, and disabled patrons needed to take four elevators to go from street level to platform level. The station was also home to a StoryCorps booth, which opened in 2005. Through this program, visitors could arrange to give oral recorded histories of

10332-410: The original terminal. Larger balloon loops in the PATH station platform allowed 10-car trains; the previous station with its tight loops could only handle trains of up to 6 cars. When the station opened, it had nine high-speed escalators between the platform level and the mezzanine level. The WTC PATH station was served by Newark–World Trade Center and Hoboken–World Trade Center trains. The station

10455-468: The platforms is occupied by the station's fare mezzanine. The New York City Subway 's WTC Cortlandt station is adjacent to and above the mezzanine. The $ 4 billion Oculus station house, designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava , consists of white ribs that interlock high above the ground. The interior of the station house contains two underground floors, which house part of the Westfield World Trade Center mall. The transportation hub connects

10578-522: The proposed 2-mile (3.2 km) extension of the Newark–World Trade Center PATH service to Newark Liberty International Airport is projected to cost $ 1.5 billion. The hub was also criticized for its delays, as the hub was completed almost 10 years later than originally projected. However, even the original cost projections for the hub were high, as the original proposal was projected to cost almost $ 2 billion. The high cost for

10701-606: The public gratis. The record for the longest footbridge in the world was claimed by then New York State Governor David Paterson in a 2009 article about the walkway across the Hudson River at Poughkeepsie, New York . On July 22, 2017, the Champlain Bridge Ice Structure ( French : l'Estacade Champlain ), a bridge built for bicycles and foot traffic only to parallel the Champlain Bridge from Brossard, Quebec west to Nun's Island (L'ile Des Soeurs) &

10824-498: The reconstruction plan, the new terminal would be rebuilt in several stages. The first phase would include the construction of a temporary northern entrance, which would be open between 2005 and 2006. The second phase would entail the construction of an East-West Concourse under the West Side Highway, connecting to the World Financial Center (now Brookfield Place). The third phase would include temporary structural underpinning for

10947-407: The site of its predecessor, and was demolished by 2013 once a pedestrian tunnel was built under West Street. All bridges have elevators and ramps for disabled pedestrians, as per the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 . Download coordinates as: The Chambers Street Bridge ( 40°43′2.5″N 74°0′46″W  /  40.717361°N 74.01278°W  / 40.717361; -74.01278 ) or

11070-480: The station instead of on columns through the station. In 2012, Hurricane Sandy damaged several hundred million dollars worth of materials. Some of the additional cost and delay were due to additions and modifications to the original plan by the Port Authority. Calatrava's original entry pavilion was scaled back for security reasons, for instance. The hub's skyrocketing costs also attracted much controversy. An editor at The New York Times wrote that "Mr. Calatrava

11193-420: The station was designed to connect the PATH to the New York City Subway system, and to facilitate a below ground east–west passageway that connects to the various modes of transportation in Lower Manhattan, from the Fulton Center to the Battery Park City Ferry Terminal . Furthermore, to replace the lost retail space from the original mall at the World Trade Center, significant portions of the Hub are devoted to

11316-463: The station's soaring ribbed structure", but other reviews derided the station redesign as being more gaudy than utilitarian. In 2014, Benjamin Kabak, a blogger writing for The Atlantic's CityLab , criticized the emphasis placed on form over function, citing design flaws driven by aesthetic choices that detract from the station's usability as a transit hub. He stated that the staircases could not accommodate

11439-496: The structure as "a kitsch stegosaurus". In 2015, as the station neared completion, New York magazine referred to the hub as a "Glorious Boondoggle " and, while withholding final judgment on the unfinished structure, did note the "Jurassic" appearance. When the station opened in 2016, the New York Post editorial board called the hub the "world's most obscenely overpriced commuter rail station — and possibly its ugliest", deeming

11562-554: The structure. People may prefer to walk across a busy road rather than climb a bridge. It is recommended that overpasses should only be used where the number of users justify the costs. Narrow, enclosed structures can result in perceptions of low personal security among users. Wider structures and good lighting can help reduce this. A bicycle bridge is a bridge designed to be accessible to both bicycles and pedestrians or in some cases only to bicycles. World Trade Center Transportation Hub World Trade Center station

11685-534: The substructure; construction connecting to the Vehicular Security Center ; the Greenwich Street corridor and the steel and concrete placing under the 1 train's subway box; and preparations for installation of east arch truss. By June 2013, ten pieces of exterior arches were installed for the Oculus. The initial construction was expected to conclude at the end of 2014 or beginning of 2015, and

11808-423: The subway. The third mezzanine level, located directly above the platform, contains the fare control and access to the platforms. Prior to reconstruction, there was a temporary entrance on Church Street, which opened along with the rest of the temporary station in November 2003. With the redevelopment of the World Trade Center site , the entrances and size of the temporary station have changed over time. In 2007,

11931-426: The temporary PATH entrance to outside 7 World Trade Center closed five days later. Yet another entrance opened to the public when the Westfield World Trade Center mall was opened on August 16. On September 8, 2016, the restrooms were opened on the south side of the mezzanine. The last two station platforms in the hub, Platforms C and D, were also opened, as was the permanent West Concourse walkway. On December 19,

12054-451: The temporary PATH station to the New York City Subway station, but was closed again when the temporary PATH station closed for a reconstruction. The passageway was then covered in plywood for preservation purposes. The renovated entrance, leading to the New York City Subway station from the Oculus headhouse and the Westfield World Trade Center , opened on December 19, 2016. The newly reopened passageway retained its pre-9/11 design, save for

12177-607: The temporary entrance was closed. The former temporary entrance was demolished later that year to make way for the Performing Arts Center . A connection to Brookfield Place opened on October 27, 2013, through a permanent passageway known as the West Concourse. On August 16, 2016, the Westfield World Trade Center entrance opened. To accommodate repairs to the Downtown Hudson Tubes, service on

12300-414: The traffic below. It was originally usual for passengers to cross from one railway platform to another by stepping over the tracks, but from the mid-19th century onwards safety demanded the provision of a footbridge (or underpass ) at busier places. However, in some quieter areas, crossing the line by walking over the tracks is possible. Narrow footbridges or walkways to allow workers access to parts of

12423-664: The transit hub a " white elephant " and "monstrosity", comparing the Oculus to a "giant gray-white space insect". A 600-foot (180 m) pedestrian underpass under the West Side Highway , referred to as the West Concourse and formerly as the East-West Connector, links the WTC station mezzanine with Brookfield Place in Battery Park City , on the west side of the World Trade Center. It contains stores as part of Westfield World Trade Center. The concourse itself opened on October 23, 2013. Access to One World Trade Center from

12546-417: The two states reached an agreement to allow the Port Authority to take over the railroad and build the World Trade Center on the Hudson Terminal site, which was by then deemed obsolete. Groundbreaking on the World Trade Center took place in 1966. The site was on land fill , with bedrock located 213 feet (65 m) below the surface. A new method was used to construct a slurry wall to keep out water from

12669-532: The upper levels of the Winter Garden Atrium . The grand marble staircase inside the Winter Garden pavilion provided access to the lower levels of the building and to the adjacent waterfront. The bridge was destroyed in the collapse of 1 WTC during the September 11 attacks in 2001. Because the intersection of Vesey Street and West Street was closed to pedestrians due to the September 11 attacks, ground for

12792-602: The various modes of transportation in Lower Manhattan, from the Fulton Center in the east to the Battery Park City Ferry Terminal in the west, and includes connections to various New York City Subway stations. It is the fifth-busiest transportation hub in the New York metropolitan area . The new station has received mixed reviews: although the hub has been praised for its design, it has also been criticized for its high costs and extended delays. The station has five tracks served by three island platforms and one side platform in

12915-507: Was able to resume PATH service to the World Trade Center. The station was closed on September 11, 2001 , after American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center at 8:46 a.m.. In the minutes afterward, three PATH trains pulled into the station. One had arrived from Newark and two others from Hoboken. The first Hoboken train turned around without stopping, not letting off passengers or opening any doors. The second Hoboken train arrived on track 3 at 8:52 a.m. and

13038-473: Was added to the cost overrun because the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey had to build around the New York City Subway's IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (carrying the 1 train), since the Metropolitan Transportation Authority refused to close the line for fear of inconveniencing commuters from Staten Island taking the Staten Island Ferry . The line had to be supported on a bridge over

13161-471: Was announced that the bridge's completion was delayed due to a weld defect, and would not be completed before spring 2019. In May 2019, the first pieces of the bridge were delivered to the site and installed. It was completed by late 2019. On June 11, 2021, the bridge was dedicated in honor of Robert R. Douglass. Douglass, who died 2016, was an early advocate for lower Manhattan as a senior advisor to Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller from 1965 to 1972 and later as

13284-404: Was approximately 25,000 daily. While the construction of the World Trade Center neared completion, a temporary corridor was provided to take passengers between the station and a temporary entrance on Church Street. The station sustained minor damage during the 1993 World Trade Center bombing ; a section of ceiling in the station collapsed and trapped dozens. Within a week, the Port Authority

13407-488: Was being rebuilt. Work on a permanent station building commenced in 2008. The main station house, the Oculus, opened on March 3, 2016, and the terminal was renamed the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , or "World Trade Center" for short. The station has five tracks and four platforms in the middle of a turning loop . Trains from New Jersey use the loop to turn around and head back to New Jersey. The platforms are four floors below ground level. The floor immediately above

13530-536: Was closed for six months due to a failure. The bridge was met criticism for the breakdowns and also bridge closures due to construction activity at the 1 WTC construction site. Thus residents from the Battery Park City area clamored for the reopening of the Vesey Street walkways across West Street, as an alternative to the bridge. (The elevator and escalator on the east side of the Vesey Street bridge were inoperable for an extended period of time forcing individuals who are unable to climb stairs to cross at Murray Street, which

13653-464: Was connected to the World Trade Center towers via an underground concourse and a shopping center . There were also underground connections to the New York City Subway ( A , ​ C , and ​ E trains at World Trade Center , and N , ​ R , and ​ W trains at Cortlandt Street–Church Street ). By 2001, the volume of passengers using the WTC PATH station

13776-410: Was deemed necessary to rebuild the World Trade Center terminal. After the reconfiguration of the Exchange Place station was completed, it was reopened to PATH trains on June 29, 2003. The setup was temporary: passengers at Exchange Place would transfer to ferries to Lower Manhattan until the World Trade Center station could be reopened later that year. PATH service to Lower Manhattan was restored when

13899-422: Was designed by SHoP Architects and opened in August 2002. The bridge has a span of 230 feet (70 m), with a 170 feet (52 m) ramp on the western end of the bridge. Much of the bridge was built from pre-fabricated materials, the design of the bridge was a steel box truss system. The panels surrounding the bridge allow natural light to flow through, but it limits the view to disallow people from using it to view

14022-487: Was designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava and composed of a train station with a large and open mezzanine under the National September 11 Memorial plaza. This mezzanine is connected to an aboveground head house structure called the Oculus—located between 2 World Trade Center and 3 World Trade Center —as well as to public concourses under the various towers in the World Trade Center complex. In addition,

14145-470: Was designed with ADA accessibility in mind, and escalators were installed to allow pedestrians access the bridge without using stairs. The escalator by the World Financial Center, at the western end, opened on April 16, 2004. They were followed by the escalator on the eastern side in June 2004. The elevators at either end opened in the same summer. The elevators and escalators were prone to problems, and an escalator

14268-408: Was designed with ramps to allow pedestrian traffic to flow in and out of the station quickly and easily. The station was served by two single-track tubes connected by a loop to speed train movements. The loop included five tracks and 3 platforms (2 center island and one side) and was somewhat similar to the arrangement of the first and second World Trade Center stations. By 1914, passenger volume at

14391-452: Was in fact the renovated version of the bridge. The renovated structure had the truss system replaced by a canopy, that would allow views. However, during its immediate opening on October 9, 2009, the elevators were unusable, drawing some outrage from Battery Park City residents. The New York City Economic Development Corporation planned for the Rector Street Bridge to be closed when the West Thames Street Bridge one block south opened. Upon

14514-402: Was not part of the 2003 Memory Foundations master plan for the site by Daniel Libeskind , which called for a smaller station along the lines of the original subterranean station that existed beneath the World Trade Center. Libeskind's design proposed that the current station house's site be left as an open plaza, forming a "Wedge of Light" so that sun rays around the autumnal equinox would hit

14637-476: Was ordered to be evacuated, employees included; the train never left the World Trade Center complex and was found during the 9/11 recovery process. Two lightly damaged cars from that train were subsequently sent to museums. A train from Newark came into the terminal at 8:55 a.m. and stopped only to pick up passengers. After United Airlines Flight 175 hit the South Tower at 9:03 a.m., dispatchers ordered

14760-806: Was originally built c. 1365 as part of Lucerne's fortifications. An early example of a skyway is the Vasari Corridor , an elevated, enclosed passageway in Florence , Italy, which connects the Palazzo Vecchio with the Palazzo Pitti . Beginning on the south side of the Palazzo Vecchio, it then joins the Uffizi Gallery and leaves on its south side, crossing the Lungarno dei Archibusieri and then following

14883-475: Was previously estimated in November 2015 to cost $ 27.5 million. Funding for the bridge includes $ 33 million from the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (with funding reduced towards “New York City Parks and Open Space"), and $ 8.25 million from the Battery Park City Authority . Work on the West Thames Street Bridge was initially scheduled to be completed by fall 2018. However, in August 2018, it

15006-427: Was suspended for over two years. Exchange Place , the next station on the Newark–World Trade Center line, also had to be closed because it could not operate as a terminal station . Instead, two uptown services (Newark–33rd Street, red on the official PATH map; and Hoboken–33rd Street , blue on the map) and one intrastate New Jersey service (Hoboken–Journal Square, green on the map) were put into operation. Cleanup of

15129-419: Was walking through the station with her husband when she went into labor, eventually giving birth on the floor. Another woman had previously given birth inside the old PATH station in August 2015. A few months later, on February 11, 2017, the first death inside the Oculus occurred. A woman from New Jersey, Jenny Santos, fell to her death from an escalator. News reports initially said she was trying to retrieve

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