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102-610: The Feast of the Black Nazarene (Filipino: Pista ng Itím na Nazareno ), also known as the Traslación after the mass procession associated with the feast, is a religious festival held in Manila , Philippines that is centered around the Black Nazarene , an image of Jesus Christ . It is celebrated annually on January 9. The Feast of the Black Nazarene commemorates the anniversary of

204-446: A Bureau of Internal Revenue stay order. On October 22, 2007, Acting Justice Secretary Agnes Devanadera stated that Estrada was seeking a "full, free, and unconditional pardon" from President Arroyo. Estrada's lawyer Jose Flaminiano wrote Arroyo: "The time has come to end President Estrada's fight for justice and vindication before the courts. Today [Monday], we filed a withdrawal of his Motion for Reconsideration . " Estrada stressed

306-444: A state of rebellion . Many protesters were injured in the ensuing riots and arrested, with four casualties, while many journalists were also injured due in part to the protesters' general hostility to the media. The government called out the military and was able to quell the riots with tear gases and warning shots under a "maximum tolerance" policy. The riots came to be generally known as EDSA III , though others have argued against

408-491: A " circus ", in honor of various deities or for imperial anniversaries ( dies Augusti ) . A religious festival held on a single day, such as the Floralia , might be expanded with games over multiple days (Ludi Florae) ; the festival of Flora is seen as a precursor of May Day festivities. A major source for Roman holidays is Ovid 's Fasti , a poem that describes and provides origins for festivals from January to June at

510-403: A Tagalog calque of the rite's Spanish name Mirata , "to see" or "to view", involves the Black Nazarene, coming from Hidalgo Street , being made to stop briefly at Plaza del Carmen, a square along the southwest flank of the neo-Gothic Basílica Menor de San Sebastián , before proceeding towards Bilibid Viejo Street. The rite, which was discontinued in the early 1900s for still-unknown reasons,

612-535: A bank account known as "Jose Velarde", as well as ₱180 million from the government price subsidy for the tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative after Estrada ordered a full-blown investigation into Chavit Singson's alleged misuse of millions of pesos in public funds. Singson's allegation caused controversy across the nation, which culminated in the House of Representatives' filing of an impeachment case against Estrada on November 13, 2000. House Speaker Manny Villar fast-tracked

714-460: A career as a drama actor, usually playing the role of the villain/antagonist. He adopted the stage name "Joseph Estrada", as his mother objected to his chosen career and his decision to quit schooling multiple times. He also acquired the nickname "Erap" (a play on the Tagalog slang "pare", meaning 'buddy') from his friend, fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr . Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing

816-520: A ceasefire would cause more terrorist attacks. For the next three months of the war, Camp Abubakar, headquarters of the MILF, fell along with other 13 major camps and 43 minor camps, and then all of which became under controlled by the government. The MILF leader Hashim Salamat fled to Malaysia . The MILF later declared a jihad on the government. On July 10 of the same year, the Estrada went to Mindanao and raised

918-415: A charge of plunder for the embezzlement of the $ 80 million from the government but was later granted a pardon by the president and his former deputy, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . He ran for president again in the 2010 presidential election but was defeated by Senator Benigno Aquino III by a wide margin. He later served as the 22nd Mayor of Manila for two terms, from 2013 to 2019. Joseph Estrada

1020-549: A comment within 10 days, on the motion of the Ombudsman's special prosecutor to re-open the trial of his perjury case regarding his 1999 statement of assets, liabilities, and net worth (SALN). The court was also to resolve Banco de Oro 's (formerly Equitable PCI Bank) plea that it could not determine "without hazard to itself" whom to turn over to the P1.1 billion Jose Velarde assets due to claims by Wellex Group / William Gatchalian and

1122-669: A constructive national spirit of reconciliation and solidarity. May the Almighty bless our country and beloved people. Mabuhay ! The Supreme Court on March 2, 2001, upheld the constitutionality of Arroyo succeeding Estrada in a unanimous 13–0 decision in Estrada vs. Desierto. After being ousted from the presidency, Estrada returned to his family home in San Juan. On April 25, 2001, the Sandiganbayan charged him and his son Jinggoy with plunder and had them arrested. His supporters marched to

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1224-488: A form of penance and in emulation of Christ's walk to Golgotha . Authorities estimate that over 500,000 devotees strode barefoot in the 2013 procession, which whole almost week long event was attended by 9 million people. Attendees include families of devotees, tourists, and members of devotees' associations throughout the country and overseas, all carrying their long estandartes (religious gonfalon ) usually coloured maroon or white and embroidered in gold and emblazoned with

1326-699: A million people to Rizal Park against the charter change moves by Ramos and his supporters . In early 1993, Estrada established Club 419 (later the International Business Club) in Cafe Ysabel within San Juan as a private men's club for him and his friends, including Poe. On June 30, 1998, Estrada took his oath of office at the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan. He also gave his inaugural address at

1428-468: A persistent misconception has the Traslación being repeatedly referred to, by the media as well as unscrupulous politicians, as mostly the "Feast of the Black Nazarene" ( Pistá ng Itím na Nazareno ), and sometimes the "Feast of Quiapo" ( Pistá ng Quiapo ), which despite the chaotic yet festive atmosphere are far from correct: the Black Nazarene's liturgical commemoration is on Good Friday (the second date of

1530-572: A progressive economic center. High on the list of priorities was the plight of MILF guerrillas who were tired of fighting and had no camps left to which to report. On October 5, 2000, the first massive surrender of 669 LC-MILF mujahideen led by the renegade vice mayor of Marugong, Lanao del Sur Malupandi Cosandi Sarip and seven other battalion commanders, surrendered to Estrada at the 4th ID headquarters in Camp Edilberto Evangelista, Bgy. Patag, Cagayan de Oro City. They were followed shortly by

1632-465: A railroaded impeachment trial in the Senate courtesy of house speaker Manuel Villar , and in 2001 Estrada was ousted by a coup after the trial was aborted. In his inaugural address, Estrada said: One hundred years after Kawit, fifty years after independence, twelve years after EDSA, and seven years after the rejection of foreign bases, it is now the turn of the masses to experience liberation. We stand in

1734-614: A replica of the Black Nazarene was canonically enshrined at Saint Catherine of Siena Roman Catholic Parish in Reseda, California , United States. A procession in the United Arab Emirates made it the first Traslación in the Middle East on January 4, 2019, the first Friday of that month. Travel within the City of Manila during the Traslación every January 9 might be difficult as heavy traffic

1836-455: A second batch of 855 surrenderees led by Lost command MILF Commander Sayben Ampaso on December 29, 2000. By the end of Estrada's administration, debt supposedly reached ₱ 2.1 trillion in 1999. Domestic debt supposedly amounted to ₱ 986.7 billion while foreign debt stood at US$ 52.2 billion. The fiscal deficit had reportedly doubled to more than ₱ 100 billion from a low of ₱ 49 billion in 1998. Despite such setbacks,

1938-566: A temporary scaffold erected at the southwest face of the church. There, it is lifted up by several priests and attendants to "see" and "meet" the Black Nazarene as devotees fall silent. A Gospel lesson is followed by general intercessions, and several prayers (often the Lord's Prayer and the Hail Mary ), are chanted fervently. The Basilica's bells are rung throughout the short prayer service. The presiding priests then shout " ¡Viva Jesús Nazareno! " to which

2040-643: Is St. Rock the Healer Parish, Diocesan Shrine of the Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno. Filipinos overseas have brought the tradition of a procession and Mass honoring of the Black Nazarene image to countries such as Australia and the United States . As in Quiapo, a copy of the image is paraded through the streets or within the parish bounds, with devotees reciting prayers in its wake. In September 2012,

2142-521: Is a Filipino politician and former actor, who served as the 13th President of the Philippines from 1998 until his removal in 2001 , the 9th Vice President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998, and the 22nd Mayor of Manila from 2013 to 2019, also served as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986. In 2001, he became the first chief executive in Asia to be formally impeached. At 87 years old, He

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2244-650: Is a day that is holy to the Jewish people according to Judaism and is usually derived from the Hebrew Bible , specifically the Torah , and in some cases established by the rabbis in later eras. There are a number of festival days, fast days ( ta'anit ) and days of remembrance. Parwanaya is the largest Mandaean festival. Dehwa Honina or Dehwa Ṭurma (the Little Feast) is a Mandaean religious festival which takes place on

2346-774: Is enforced by the Manila Police District with reinforcements from the Philippine National Police and, since 2014, the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The Philippine Coast Guard guards stretches of the Pasig River along the Ayala (since 2020), Jones (until 2019), MacArthur (until 2013) and Quezon bridges to ensure the safe passage of

2448-447: Is expected. Most jeepneys and buses use alternate routes for the day to avoid the procession, thus creating additional travel time. Some public rail transport systems such as the Line 1 , Line 2 , and Line 3 provide free rides to devotees, who are easily identifiable as dressed in maroon and walking barefoot. Traffic rerouting is implemented on the annual procession and the day before, and

2550-500: Is for this reason that I now leave Malacañang Palace, the seat of the presidency of this country, for the sake of peace and to begin the healing process of our nation. I leave the Palace of our people with gratitude for the opportunities given to me for service to our people. I will not shirk from any future challenges that may come ahead in the same service of our country. I call on all my supporters and followers to join me in to promotion of

2652-406: Is normally only a school holiday for the schools near the processional route, but for the first time in the city's history, Manila Mayor Joseph Estrada in 2014 declared the day a special non-working holiday due to the impassability of some thoroughfares and projected congestion in others. His successors as City Mayor kept the practice. In 2024, President Bongbong Marcos reaffirmed the status of

2754-585: Is now commonly referred to as the Quiapo Church , on January 9, 1787. The "solemn transfer" eventually became the date of the Feast of the Black Nazarene. There are opposing views on whether to consider the Feast of the Black Nazarene as a proper fiesta due to the fact that the January 9 observance celebrates the transfer of the image and not the liturgical " feast day " of the image. The proper liturgical commemoration of

2856-559: Is often corrupted to the incorrect "translacion". The fesitivities begin with a thanksgiving procession usually held in the late evening of December 30 before the start of its novena the following day, New Year's Eve . The Pahalík ("kissing") is usually done a day or a few days before the actual start of the procession at the Quirino Grandstand . Devotees form long lines outside the Grandstand, waiting for hours to be able to touch

2958-884: Is the Sanskrit word for Hindu festivals, meaning 'to cause to grow 'upward'. Hindus observe sacred occasions by festive observances. All festivals in Hinduism are predominantly religious in character and significance. Many festival are seasonal. Some celebrate harvest and the birth of gods or heroes. Some are dedicated to important events in Hindu mythology . Many are dedicated to Shiva and Parvati , Vishnu and Lakshmi and Brahma and Saraswati . A festival may be observed with acts of worship, offerings to deities, fasting, feasting, vigil, rituals, fairs, charity, celebrations, Puja , Homa , aarti etc. They celebrate individual and community life of Hindus without distinction of caste, gender or class. In

3060-561: The COVID-19 pandemic , resorting instead to alternatives like Padungaw ("viewing") of the Black Nazarene and hourly Masses at Quiapo Church . However, in 2022, Masses were held behind closed doors due to a huge spike of COVID-19 cases brought by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , resorting devotees to attend online . An alternative procession, known as the "Walk of Faith", was held on January 8, 2023, with an estimated 88,000 devotees joining

3162-480: The EDSA Shrine to stage a protest demanding Estrada's release and his reinstatement as president, among whom were his wife Loi Ejercito and political allies such as Juan Ponce Enrile , Panfilo Lacson , Gringo Honasan and Miriam Defensor Santiago . In the early morning of May 1, supporters of Estrada marched straight to the gates of Malacañang Palace , where violence erupted and forcing President Arroyo to declare

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3264-899: The Hindu calendar dates are usually prescribed according to the lunar calendar . In vedic timekeeping , a tithi is a lunar day . Among major festivals are Diwali , Gudi Padwa , Pongal , Holi , Ganesh Chaturthi , Raksha Bhandan , Krishna Janmashtami , Dasara or Dussehra , which may refer to the ten days of Sharada Navratri or the tenth day, Vijayadashami . Others include Onam , Shivaratri , Ugadi , Rathayatra of Jagannath at Puri in Ilam, Nepal and many other places in Nepal and many other countries Among major Islamic religious festivals are Eid ul-Adha , Eid ul-Fitr and Ramadan . Important festivals include Paryushan , Mahavir Janma Kalyanak and Diwali . A Jewish holiday ( Yom Tov or chag in Hebrew )

3366-635: The Quirino Grandstand in Luneta . He assumed office amid the Asian Financial Crisis and with agricultural problems due to poor weather conditions, thereby slowing the economic growth to −0.6% in 1998 from 5.2% in 1997. The economy recovered by 3.4% in 1999 and 4% in 2000. In 2000 he declared an "all-out-war" against the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) and captured its headquarters and other camps. Allegations of corruption spawned

3468-803: The Traslación are also held on January 9 in other parts of the country. The largest of these is held in Cagayan de Oro , which uses an official replica of the image given by the Minor Basilica in 2009. It has since become a center for the devotion in Mindanao. On March 4, 2014, a replica of the Black Nazarene from Quiapo Church arrived at the Old Chapel of St. Rock the Healer Mission Center, Bishop's Compound, Brgy. Cawayan, Catarman, Northern Samar . Since then, many devotees across Northern Samar came to venerate

3570-566: The camarín at this point. Men, including priests, all exit as they are forbidden from watching the Virgin "change clothes". During the entire vesting process, the rosary is recited. Once fully dressed in precious robes and regalia, the original image, which was given to the Recollects in 1617 by a Carmelite nunnery in Mexico City , is then solemnly and silently processed on its own small ándas to

3672-690: The translation or the transfer of the image from its original location at a church in modern-day Luneta Park , to Quiapo . The image was brought to the Church of San Juan Bautista in Bagumbayan, now Luneta, until May 31, 1606, by Augustinian Recollect priests. In 1608, the icon was enshrined at the Recollect church of San Nicolás de Tolentino in Intramuros . It was moved to the Saint John the Baptist Church, which

3774-948: The "Magnificent 12" in media coverage) voted to terminate the RP-US Military Bases Agreement in 1991, leading to the withdrawal of American servicemen from the Clark Air Base in Pampanga and the Subic Naval Base in Zambales. In 1989, the Free Press cited him as one of the Three Outstanding Senators of the Year. He was conferred the degree of Doctor of Humanities, Honoris Causa by the University of Pangasinan in 1990, and by

3876-562: The "delicate condition" of his mother in asking for pardon. On October 25, 2007, President Arroyo granted executive clemency to Estrada based on the recommendation by the Department of Justice (DoJ). Acting Executive Secretary and Press Secretary Ignacio R. Bunye quoted the signed Order: "In view hereof in pursuant of the authority conferred upon me by the Constitution, I hereby grant Executive clemency to Joseph Ejercito Estrada, convicted by

3978-750: The 18th of Taura (Ayar), celebrating the return of the divine messenger Hibil Ziwa from the World of Darkness to the World of Light. Mandaeans also celebrate Dehwa Rabba (New Year's Day) and Dehwa Daymaneh (Birthday of John the Baptist ). The Baháʼí Faith has eleven holy days, which are important anniversaries in the history of the religion. Major Sikh festivals include Guru Nanak Gurpurab, Guru Gobind Gurpurab, Maghi, Poonai, Sangrand, and Vaisakhi . Joseph Estrada Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada KGCR ( Tagalog: [ʔɛˌhɛːɾ.sɪˈto ʔɛsˈtɾaː.dɐ] ; né Jose Marcelo Ejercito ; April 19, 1937)

4080-647: The Bicol University in April 1997. In 1992, Estrada initially ran for president under the Partido ng Masang Pilipino (PMP), with Vicente Rivera Jr. as his running mate and fellow actor Fernando Poe Jr. as his campaign manager. The Philippine film industry called for a 60-day "moratorium" on all film projects by March for industry figures to help Estrada's presidential campaign. However, Estrada reluctantly withdrew his bid on March 30 due to financial issues and instead became

4182-485: The Black Nazarene is on Good Friday . In 2021, the Basilica's former parochial vicar Douglas Badong explained that the Feast of the Black Nazarene is a proper term for the religious event, and could be called a fiesta as the event is similar to the typical Filipino festival. The event is colloquially referred to as " Nazareno " after the image itself, or the Traslación after the January 9 procession. The word “ Traslación”

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4284-461: The GDP by 1999 posted a 3.2 percent growth rate, up from a low of −0.5 percent in 1998. Moreover, domestic investments started to increase from 18.8% of GDP in 1999 to 21.2% of GDP in 2000. In October 2000, Ilocos Sur governor Luis "Chavit" Singson , a close friend of Estrada, alleged that he had personally given Estrada ₱400 million as the payoff from jueteng , a grassroots-based numbers game, hidden in

4386-412: The Grandstand, arriving at Plaza Miranda around 05:15 AM PST on January 10. The procession took longer than usual since the wheels of the ándas broke early on at a point near Manila Hotel , while the rope broke some distance away near Liwasang Bonifacio . There were also reports of groups of devotees diverting the image from the previously defined route in order to pass by business establishments outside

4488-564: The Morning Prayer of the Liturgy of the Hours . It ends in Quiapo in late night of the same day or early the following morning, depending on how long the image has travelled. Some participants choose to wait for the image inside the Minor Basilica to greet it, while most devotees walk throughout the whole processional route. All devotees wear maroon and yellow like the image, and they walk barefoot as

4590-510: The Philippine flag symbolizing victory. After the war Estrada said, "... will speed up government efforts to bring genuine and lasting peace and development in Mindanao". In the middle of July Estrada ordered the military to arrest top MILF leaders. In his state of the nation address (SONA), Estrada highlighted his vision for Mindanao: In addition to this Estrada said his administration can move with more speed in transforming Mindanao into

4692-513: The Philippines, and, despite the agreements, a sequence of terrorist attacks on the Philippine military and civilians still continued. These included the kidnapping of a foreign priest, namely Father Luciano Benedetti; the destruction by arson of Talayan, Maguindanao's municipal hall; the takeover of the Kauswagan Municipal Hall; the bombing of the Lady of Mediatrix boat at Ozamiz City ; and

4794-444: The Quirino Grandstand where he promised to bring peace and harmony to the people and pledged to fight corruption and continue the economic reforms of the previous Ramos administration. The elected vice-president was Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo from the LAKAS-NUCD. "Erap Para sa Mahirap" became the campaign slogan of the presidency. He drove his election campaign vehicle JEEP, which meant Justice, Economy, Environment, and Peace. Estrada

4896-416: The Republic and early Empire, the religious statusdays were marked by letters such as F (for fastus ) , and N (for nefastus , when political activities and the administration of justice were prohibited). By the late 2nd century AD, extant calendars no longer show these letters, probably as a result of calendar reforms undertaken by Marcus Aurelius that recognized the changed religious environment of

4998-455: The Sandiganbayan gave its decision, finding Estrada not guilty in his perjury case but guilty of plunder "beyond reasonable doubt". He was sentenced to reclusión perpetua . He was thus the first Philippine president to be convicted of plunder. On September 26, 2007, Estrada appealed by filing a 63-page motion for reconsideration of the Sandiganbayan judgment penned by Teresita de Castro (submitting five legal grounds). Estrada alleged that

5100-405: The Sandiganbayan of plunder and imposed a penalty of reclusión perpetua. He is hereby restored to his civil and political rights . " Bunye noted that Estrada committed in his application not to seek public office, and he would be free from his Tanay resthouse on October 26, at noon. On October 26, 2007, after almost seven years of detention, Estrada was released after the Sandiganbayan promulgated

5202-399: The Word for the Black Nazarene Masses is similar to the ones used for the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross . To accommodate the influx of devotees, thirty-three hourly Masses were held at Quiapo Church in 2023 and 2024 starting with the first Vigil Mass on January 8 at 3:00 p.m. PHT until the last Mass at 11:00 p.m. of the following day. Similar processions replicating

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5304-469: The World's All-Time Most Corrupt Leaders in the World. Estrada was listed tenth and was said to have amassed between $ 78 million to $ 80 million. On the evening of January 16, 2001, the impeachment court voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against Estrada as it was not part of the impeachment complaint. The final vote was 11–10 to keep the envelope closed. The prosecution panel (of congressmen and lawyers) walked out of

5406-425: The biggest crowds in the religious festival's history. Red vestments are used for the Feast of the Black Nazarene. In the absence of a national liturgical directive for the feast day, the decision to celebrate the feast was up to the parishes and communities. As such, in 2024, the Archdiocese of Manila has proposed to the Holy See to declare January 9 as the "national feast of the Black Nazarene". The Liturgy of

5508-403: The choir sings the devotional hymn Nuestro Padre Jesús Nazareno . Theologically, the Dungaw rite reflects the fourth Traditional Station of the Cross , where Christ meets his Mother, the Virgin Mary , en route to Golgotha, and reflects the closeness of Christ and his Mother. The rite is also seen as a "courtesy" of the Virgin's image towards the Black Nazarene, as the former's shrine is along

5610-479: The court erred " when it convicted him by acquitting his alleged co-conspirators. " On October 5, 2007, the Sandiganbayan's Special Division ruled to set October 19 as an oral argument (instead of a defense reply) on Estrada's motion for reconsideration. Estrada asked for the court's permission to attend the hearing, since it ordered the prosecution to file a comment before October 11. The Sandiganbayan 's special division, on June 27, 2008, ordered Estrada to file

5712-407: The crowd replies " ¡Viva! " and " ¡Viva Virgen del Carmen! " to which the customary reply is " ¡Guapa! "; this cheer is done thrice. Shortly thereafter, the priests slowly turn the Virgin's image so that it "watches" the Black Nazarene and its procession depart the vicinity of Plaza del Carmen. The image of the Virgin is then returned to the high altar, or the replica returned to its proper place, while

5814-405: The day as a city-wide holiday. As per custom, the Black Nazarene leaves the Minor Basilica a day or two before the annual procession, either in a public fashion or clandestinely. Since 2016, the procession begins at around 05:30 AM PST ( GMT+8 ) after a solemn midnight High Mass ( Filipino : Misa Mayor ) at the Quirino Grandstand presided by the Archbishop of Manila , followed hours later by

5916-399: The elections (out of 24 winners). He was appointed Chairman of the Committee on Public Works. He was Vice-Chairman of the Committees on Health, Natural Resources and Ecology, and Urban Planning. In the Senate, Estrada sponsored bills on irrigation projects and the protection and propagation of the carabao , the beast of burden in the rural areas. Estrada and eleven other senators (dubbed

6018-399: The emperor and his family gained prominence as Roman holidays. Games ( ludi ) , such as the Ludi Apollinares , were often dedicated to particular deities, but were not technically feriae , although they might be holidays in the modern sense of days off work ( dies festi ) . After the mid-1st century AD, there were more frequent spectacles and games ( circenses ) held in the venue called

6120-427: The empire. On surviving Roman calendars, festivals that appear in large capital letters (such as the Lupercalia and Parilia ) are thought to have been the most ancient holidays, becoming part of the calendar before 509 BC. Some of the oldest festivals are not named for deities. During the Imperial period , several traditional festivals localized at Rome became less important, and the birthdays and anniversaries of

6222-612: The establishment of the first Municipal High School, the Agora complex, a modern slaughterhouse, a sprawling government center with a post office, a mini-park, and the paving of 98 percent of the town's roads and alleys. As mayor, he paid particular attention to the elementary education of children by improving and renovating school buildings, constructing additional school structures, health centers, barangay halls, and playgrounds in all barangays, and providing artesian wells to areas with low water supply. He relocated some 1,800 squatter families out of San Juan to Taytay, Rizal , at no cost. He

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6324-530: The first Festival of Faiths was held in Louisville, Kentucky, and in 1998, Senator Wendell Ford passed a resolution in the United States Congress "to express the sense of the Senate that the Louisville Festival of Faiths should be commended and should serve as model for similar festivals in other communities throughout the United States." Several cities throughout the United States now host interfaith festivals including Kansas City, Kansas, St Louis, Missouri, Indianapolis, Indiana and Cincinnati, Ohio. 'Utsava'

6426-435: The following press release: At twelve o'clock noon today, Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo took her oath as President of the Republic of the Philippines. While along with many other legal minds of our country, I have strong and serious doubts about the legality and constitutionality of her proclamation as President, I do not wish to be a factor that will prevent the restoration of unity and order in our civil society. It

6528-410: The image and the association name. The Black Nazarene is processed upon the Ándas , and traditionally only men were permitted to be mamámasán ("bearers"), the devotees pulling the wheeled ándas by its two large ropes. In recent years, female mamámasán have been allowed to participate, with pregnant women barred for safety reasons. There is also the custom of vying to touch the Kanang Balikat , or

6630-404: The image of the Black Nazarene. The wiping of cloth on the image, which is also done during the actual procession itself, follows the folk belief that cloth can absorb the powers of a holy object, usually and specifically its curative abilities. This sanctity-through-contact descends from the ancient custom of ex brandea , cloth wiped on the bodies or tombs of the Twelve Apostles , itself part of

6732-399: The impeachment complaint. The impeachment suit was brought to the Senate and an impeachment court was formed, with Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as presiding officer. Estrada pleaded "not guilty". This was the first time the Filipino public witnessed, through radio and television, an elected president stand in trial and face possible impeachment with full media coverage. During the trial,

6834-448: The impeachment court in protest of this vote. The 11 senators who voted not to open the envelope are known as the "Craven Eleven." That night, anti-Estrada protesters gathered in front of the EDSA Shrine at Epifanio de los Santos Avenue , not too far away from the site of the 1986 People Power Revolution that overthrew President Ferdinand Marcos. On January 19, 2001, Armed Forces of the Philippines Chief of Staff Angelo Reyes , seeing

6936-433: The independent and mainstream sectors of the industry since its inception in 1979. He also founded, together with Guillermo de Vega , the first Metro Manila Film Festival in 1975. Estrada entered politics in 1967, running for mayor of San Juan , failing and only succeeding in 1969 after winning an electoral protest against Braulio Sto. Domingo. His administration achieved many infrastructure developments. These included

7038-482: The lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. In 1974, Estrada founded the Movie Workers Welfare Foundation (Mowelfund), which helps filmmakers through medical reimbursements, hospitalization, surgery and death benefits, livelihood, alternative income opportunities, and housing. Its educational arm, the Mowelfund Film Institute, has produced some of the most skilled and respected producers, filmmakers, writers, and performers in both

7140-457: The political upheaval throughout the country, decided to "withdraw his support" of Estrada and pay his allegiance to the vice president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. The following day, the Supreme Court declared the presidency vacant even without Estrada's resignation. At noon, Vice President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was sworn in by Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr. as president of the Philippines. Before Estrada departed from Malacañang , he issued

7242-404: The primary features of the Roman calendar . Feriae ("holidays" in the sense of "holy days") were either public (publicae) or private ( privatae ) . State holidays were celebrated by the Roman people and received public funding. Feriae privatae were holidays celebrated in honor of private individuals or by families. The 1st-century BC scholar Varro defined feriae as "days instituted for

7344-401: The primary task of protecting the icon from damage and directing the mamámasán in front and behind using hand gestures, voice commands (sometimes through a megaphone ), and whistle signals. In addition, they help devotees clamber up onto the ándas to briefly touch the icon's cross, and wipe the image with cloths tossed at them. From 2021 to 2023, the annual Traslación was cancelled due to

7446-604: The procession. A similar scenario may be experienced by tourists and travellers in Cagayan de Oro and in Catarman, Northern Samar during the yearly processions of the sacred image, as well as in other towns and cities where replica images are brought out in procession on this day. Religious festival Festivals (feriae) were an important part of Roman religious life during both the Republican and Imperial eras , and were one of

7548-575: The procession. After a long hiatus, the Traslación returned in 2024. A new design of the ándas , built by Sarao Motors , was unveiled for that year's procession, featuring the image enclosed in a thick tempered and laminated glass, onboard lights for illumination at night, a sound system, and a built-in CCTV camera . Despite prohibitions from organizers and authorities against climbing the ándas , many still climbed on it as part of their devotion, believing that it would bring miracles. The traditional Dungaw ,

7650-419: The processional route. The Traslación is also notorious for the casualties that result from the jostling and congestion of the crowds pulling the ándas . The injuries and even deaths of devotees are brought upon by one or several factors including heat, fatigue, or being trampled upon by the crowd. The 2012 Traslación is currently the longest in the image's recorded history. It ended 22 hours after leaving

7752-399: The prosecution presented witnesses and alleged pieces of evidence to the impeachment court regarding Estrada's alleged involvement in jueteng. The existence of secret bank accounts which he allegedly used for receiving payoffs was also brought to the fore. In the 2004 Global Transparency Report by Transparency International , Estrada, together with Ferdinand Marcos , made it into the list of

7854-494: The prosecution walked out of the impeachment court when the senator-judges voted not to open an envelope that allegedly contained incriminating evidence against him. After his arrest on April 25, 2001, on charges of plunder, his supporters rallied and marched to Malacañang Palace and attempted to storm the premises in EDSA III . In 2007, Estrada was sentenced by a special division of the Sandiganbayan to reclusión perpetua under

7956-625: The rope to the side of the image's right shoulder. Folk belief holds it to possesses great sanctity, as it is closer to imitating the image bearing the Cross. Marshals from the Minor Basilica, known as the Hijos del Nazareno ("Sons of the Nazarene"), form an honor guard around the image, and are the only people permitted to ride the ándas for the duration of the Traslación . The Hijos – distinguishes from maroon-clad devotees by their yellow and white shirts – have

8058-478: The running mate of Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. under the Nationalist People's Coalition ; Estrada expressed that the decision was "very painful, if not traumatic". Though Cojuangco lost to former National Defense Secretary Fidel V. Ramos for the presidency, Estrada won the vice-presidency garnering more votes than his closest opponent Marcelo Fernan , Ramon Mitra Jr. 's running mate. As vice president, Estrada

8160-402: The sacred image, especially on Fridays. At that time, the said mission center was constructing a bigger church. On January 9, 2015, the first Traslación was held when the sacred image was solemnly transferred from the old church to the new and unfinished church building. Crowds not only from Northern Samar but all over the island attended. On September 12, 2016, the newly constructed church

8262-424: The sake of the gods." A deity's festival often marked the anniversary ( dies natalis , "birthday") of the founding of the deity's temple, or a rededication after a major renovation. Public business was suspended for the performance of religious rites on the feriae . Cicero says that people who were free should not engage in lawsuits and quarrels, and slaves should get a break from their labors. On calendars of

8364-603: The shadow of those who fought to make us free – free from foreign domination, free from domestic tyranny, free from superpower dictation, free from economic backwardness. During the Ramos administration a cessation of hostilities agreement was signed between the Philippine government and the MILF in July 1997. This was continued by a series of peace talks and negotiations in Estrada administration. The MILF, an Islamic group based in formed in 1977, seeks to be an independent Islamic state from

8466-542: The takeover of the Narciso Ramos Highway. By doing so, they inflicted severe damage on the country's image abroad, and scared much-needed investments away. For this reason, on March 21, 2000, Estrada declared an "all-out war" against the MILF. During the war the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) asked Estrada to negotiate a ceasefire with the MILF, but Estrada opposed the idea arguing that

8568-399: The third-fastest in history, an improvement from the recorded time of twenty-one hours in 2019. This was further shortened to fourteen hours, fifty-nine minutes, and ten seconds in 2024, with the introduction of the new ándas . The Quiapo Church recorded the attendance of 6,532,501 devotees within a 13-hour period of the 2024 procession, about at least a fifth of them at the church; in one of

8670-732: The time of Augustus . Because it ends with June, less is known about Roman festivals in the second half of the year, with the exception of the Saturnalia , a religious festival in honor of Saturn on December 17 that expanded with celebrations through December 23. Probably the best-known Roman festival, some of its customs, such as gift-giving and the prevalence of candles, are thought to have influenced popular celebrations of Christmas . Japanese festivals and Barua festivals often involve Buddhist culture , as do pagoda festivals held as fairs held at Buddhist temples in countries such as Thailand . Features of Buddhist Tibetan festivals may include

8772-454: The traditional cham dance , which is also a feature of some Buddhist festivals in India and Bhutan . Many festivals of Nepal are religious festivals involving Buddhism. The central festival of Christianity is Easter , on which Christians celebrate their belief that Jesus Christ rose from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion . Even for Easter, however, there is no agreement among

8874-405: The traditional route. This illicit act was done to allow homes and businesses off the planned route to receive the good luck and blessings of the image. The same duration was also recorded for the 2017 and 2018 Traslacións . Meanwhile, the 2007 Traslación (the first to be held there for the occasion of the "400th Traslación", as previous processions were only held around the district of Quiapo )

8976-588: The use of the name. Estrada was initially detained at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center in Quezon City and then transferred to a military facility in Tanay, Rizal , but he was later transferred to a nearby vacation home, virtually under house arrest. Under Philippine law at the time, plunder had the maximum penalty of death; the death penalty was eventually repealed by 2006. On September 12, 2007,

9078-546: The various Christian traditions regarding the date or manner of the observance, less for Christmas , Pentecost , or various other holidays. Both Protestants and Catholics observe certain festivals commemorating events in the life of Christ, and as well as Eastern Orthodox they often celebrate patronal festivals . Of these, the two most important are Christmas, which commemorates the Birth of Jesus , and Easter, which marks his resurrection . A celebration of interfaith dialogue ,

9180-562: The wider category of third-class relics . The main highlight of the Feast of the Black Nazarene is the Traslación , taken from the Spanish term for "passage" or "movement". Every January 9, the Traslación of the Black Nazarene, commemorating the "solemn transfer" of the image's copy from San Nicolás de Tolentino in Intramuros to Quiapo, makes its way along the streets of Quiapo, with attendees reaching up to 6.5 million devotees. In recent years

9282-413: The year on which the image is processed). The basilica's parochial feast day, meanwhile, is on June 24 (concurrent with Manila Day ) – the birthday of its titular , John the Baptist . In recent years, the processional route was altered due to a rise in accidents, to afford other neighborhoods off the traditional route a chance to participate, and because of structural deficiencies in nearby bridges. It

9384-489: Was elected president in 1998 with a wide margin of votes separating him from the other challengers and was sworn into the presidency on June 30, 1998. In 2000, he declared an "all-out-war" against Moro Islamic Liberation Front and captured its headquarters and other camps. Allegations of corruption spawned an impeachment trial in the Senate, and in 2001, Estrada was ousted in the Second EDSA Revolution after

9486-632: Was also the first mayor to computerize the assessment of the Real Estate Tax at the Municipal Assessor's Office. When Corazon Aquino assumed the presidency in 1986, all elected officials of the local government were forcibly removed and replaced by appointed officers-in-charge, including Estrada In 1987, Estrada won a seat in the Senate under the Grand Alliance for Democracy (GAD) placing 14th in

9588-567: Was attended by devotees from different dioceses in Eastern Visayas. During the ceremony, the Mission Center was elevated to the status of diocesan shrine, making it the first church in the Visayas to be declared a shrine in honor of this image. On August 18, 2019, the said shrine became a parish, making it the first barangay-based parish in the whole Diocese of Catarman. Its current official name

9690-558: Was blessed, dedicated, and consecrated by Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle . The event was concelebrated by priests from Quiapo Church, Felomino G. Bactol, the Bishop of Naval , Bishop Emeritus Anghel Hobayan of the Diocese of Catarman , Emmanuel C. Trance, the Bishop of Catarman, the Mission Center's first administrator Alan Abalon and Mission Center's second administrator and rector Rico M. Manook. The event

9792-541: Was born as Jose Marcelo Ejercito at 8:25 pm on April 19, 1937 in Tondo , an urban district of Manila . His family later moved to the wealthy suburb of San Juan , then a municipality in the province of Rizal . He belonged to a wealthy family and was the eighth of ten children of Emilio Ejercito Sr. (1899–1977) and his wife, Maria Marcelo (1906–2009). After graduating from the Ateneo Elementary School in 1951, he

9894-654: Was expelled during his second year of secondary studies at the Ateneo High School for disciplinary conduct. Later during college, he enrolled in a Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering course at the Mapúa Institute of Technology to please his father. He would leave once again and later transferred to Central Colleges of the Philippines College of Engineering but dropped out. In his twenties, he began

9996-493: Was revived and reincorporated into the Traslación on January 9, 2014, after the discovery of old documents attesting to its practice. The resident Recollect priests remove the image of Our Lady of Mount Carmel from the principal niche of the retablo mayor , or use a replica which is termed its vicária . The image is dressed in its primera vestida , used only on the most solemn occasions, in its camarín , or private chamber. Only Augustinian nuns and other women may enter

10098-508: Was the Philippines' oldest living President. Estrada gained popularity as a film actor, playing the lead role in over a hundred films in an acting career spanning some three decades. He also worked as a model, beginning as a fashion and ramp model at the age of 13. He used his popularity as an actor to make gains in politics, serving as the 14th Mayor of San Juan from 1969 to 1986, as Senator from 1987 to 1992, then as Vice President under President Fidel V. Ramos from 1992 to 1998. Estrada

10200-674: Was the chair of President Ramos' Presidential Anti-Crime Commission (PACC). Estrada arrested criminal warlords and kidnapping syndicates. He repeatedly topped surveys on government officials' performance conducted by the Social Weather Stations within his first two years as vice president and was named "Man of the Year" by ABS-CBN for 1993. He resigned as chair in 1997. In the same year Estrada, together with former president Corazon Aquino , Cardinal Jaime Sin , Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , and other political leaders, led an anti-charter change rally that brought in an estimated half

10302-436: Was the fastest procession in history, which only took nine hours before arriving back at Quiapo Church. Following new measures and a route change in 2020, which decreased the length of the procession by 300 meters (980 ft) by passing through Ayala Bridge instead of the usual Jones Bridge (2014–2019) or the traditional MacArthur Bridge (used 2007, 2009–2013), the 2020 procession took sixteen hours and thirty-four minutes,

10404-532: Was the first president to use a special name as his official address name, combining his real family name, Ejercito, with his screen name, thus forming "Joseph Ejercito Estrada". Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998, in the historical town of Malolos in Bulacan province in paying tribute to the cradle of the First Philippine Republic . That afternoon the new president delivered his inaugural address at

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