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75-564: The first sections of the Paris-Est network opened on 3 January 1849, they were reorganized into Transilien Line P on 31 December 2004. Line P is operated by the six following services: Line P uses a four-letter mission coding system. Only in the section between Paris-Est and Chateau-Thierry the trains display the mission code; otherwise they only appear on passenger information display systems and on timetables. (destination) (type of service) (station of origin or serviced stops) (axis) If

150-446: A journey planner application or schedule-based information in combination with real-time information. Real-time information is an advance on schedule-only information, which recognises the fact that public transport services do not always operate exactly according to the published timetable. By providing real-time information to travellers, they are better able to conduct their journey confidently, including taking any necessary steps in

225-656: A routing algorithm to search a graph representing the transport network. In the simplest case where routing is independent of time, the graph uses (directed) edges to represent street/path segments and nodes to represent intersections . Routing on such a graph can be accomplished effectively using any of a number of routing algorithms such as Dijkstra's , A* , Floyd–Warshall , or Johnson's algorithm . Different weightings such as distance, cost or accessibility may be associated with each edge, and sometimes with nodes. When time-dependent features such as public transit are included, there are several proposed ways of representing

300-463: A user interface on different types of device. The development of journey planning engines has gone hand in hand with the development of data standards for representing the stops, routes and timetables of the network, such as TransXChange , NaPTAN , Transmodel or GTFS that ensure that these fit together. Journey planning algorithms are a classic example of problems in the field of Computational complexity theory . Real-world implementations involve

375-570: A Dutch university paper in 1991 This was soon expanded to include all public transport in the Netherlands. Another pioneer was Hans-Jakob Tobler in Switzerland. His product Finajour , which ran for PC DOS and MS-DOS was the first electronic timetable for Switzerland. The first published version was sold for the timetable period 1989/1990. Other European countries soon followed with their own journey planners. A further development of this trend

450-407: A composite engine covering a very large area. Public transport trip planners proved to be immensely popular (for example by 2005 Deutsche Bahn was already sustaining 2.8 million requests per day and journey planning sites constitute some of the highest trafficked information sites in every country that has them. The ability to purchase tickets for travel for the journeys found has further increased

525-410: A custom trip planner the user creates one's own travel itinerary individually by picking the appropriate activities from a database. Some of these websites like Triphobo.com offer pre-built databases of points of interest, while others rely on user generated content . In 2017, Google released a mobile app called Google Trips. Custom trip planning startups are seeing renewed interest from investors with

600-480: A dense and sophisticated public transport network, the CEN Transmodel Reference Model for Public Transport was developed to support the process of creating and harmonizing standard formats both nationally and internationally. In the 2000s, Several major projects developed distributed trip planning architectures to allow the federation of separate trip planners each covering a specific area to create

675-472: A journey is small, and to access ancillary information relating to the journey. A single engine may contain the entire transport network, and its schedules, or may allow the distributed computation of journeys using a distributed journey planning protocol such as JourneyWeb or Delfi Protocol . A journey planning engine may be accessed by different front ends, using a software protocol or application program interface specialized for journey queries, to provide

750-434: A means of ensuring numbers are unique and the stops are fully described, greatly facilitate the integration of data. Timetable exchange formats, such as GTFS , TransXChange or NeTEx include stop data in their formats and spatial data sets such as OpenStreetMap allow stop identifiers to be geocoded. For public transport networks with a very high frequency of service, such as urban metro cities and inner city bus services,

825-591: A microcomputer was developed by Eduard Tulp, an informatica student at the Amsterdam University on an Atari PC. He was hired by the Dutch Railways to built a digital trip planner for the train services. In 1990 the first digital trip planner for the Dutch Railways (on diskette) was sold to be installed on PC's and computers for off-line consultation. The principles of his software program was published in

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900-421: A new journey planner which is currently integrated into nationalrail.co.uk. Data on public transport schedules is used by trip planners to determine the available journeys at specific times. Historically rail data has been widely available in national formats, and many countries also have bus and other mode data in national formats such as VDV 452 (Germany), TransXChange (UK) and Neptune (France). Schedule data

975-442: A path to a destination, but seek to optimize it so as to minimize the waiting time incurred for each leg. In European Standards such as Transmodel , trip planning is used specifically to describe the planning of a route for a passenger, to avoid confusion with the completely separate process of planning the operational journeys to be made by public transport vehicles on which such trips are made. Trip planners have been widely used in

1050-425: A prediction of how services will run in the next few minutes to hours. That may be informed by additional information. For instance, bus services are affected by congestion on the road network, and all services may be affected by adverse weather conditions. The capital and revenue costs for traveller information systems can be calculated with reasonable accuracy. However, the derivation of tangible financial benefits

1125-715: A sequence of several modes of transport , meaning the system may know about public transport services as well as transport networks for private transportation. Trip planning or journey planning is sometimes distinguished from route planning , which is typically thought of as using private modes of transportation such as cycling , driving , or walking , normally using a single mode at a time. Trip or journey planning, in contrast, would make use of at least one public transport mode which operates according to published schedules ; given that public transport services only depart at specific times (unlike private transport which may leave at any time), an algorithm must therefore not only find

1200-471: A single row. In 2011, a federal funding was granted to equip 4500 additional stations with DSA signage, making for most of the 6500 DSAs by 2015. The federal grant came along with a Federal Railway Authority ( German : Eisenbahn-Bundesamt (EBA)) order in 2010 to have all stations connected to the travel information system to announce delays with electronic signage or loudspeakers. The Deutsche Bahn operator tried to block that order legally for stations with

1275-409: A specialized search engine used to find an optimal means of travelling between two or more given locations, sometimes using more than one transport mode . Searches may be optimized on different criteria, for example fastest , shortest , fewest changes , cheapest . They may be constrained, for example, to leave or arrive at a certain time, to avoid certain waypoints, etc. A single journey may use

1350-417: A stop data set is an essential layer of the transport data infrastructure. In order to integrate stops with spatial searches and road routing engines they are geocoded . In order to integrate them with the timetables and routes they are given a unique identifier within the transport network. In order to be recognizable to passengers they are given official names and may also have a public short code (for example

1425-423: A stop or station to be specified for the endpoints. Some also supported inputting the name of a tourist attraction or other popular destination places by keeping a table of the nearest stop to the destination. This was later extended with ability to add addresses or coordinates to offer true point to point planning. Critical to the development of large-scale multi-modal trip planning in the late 1990s and early 2000s

1500-469: A tradeoff of computational resources between accuracy, completeness of the answer, and the time required for calculation. The sub-problem of route planning is an easier problem to solve as it generally involves less data and fewer constraints. However, with the development of "road timetables", associating different journey times for road links at different times of day, time of travel is increasingly relevant for route planners as well. Journey planners use

1575-518: A user to input an origin and a destination, and then uses algorithms to find a good route between the two on public transit services. Time of travel may be constrained to either time of departure or arrival and other routing preferences may be specified as well. An intermodal journey planner supports intermodal journeys i.e. using more than one modes of transport , such as cycling, rapid transit , bus , ferry , etc. Many route planners support door-to-door planning while others only work between stops on

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1650-499: A vehicle, it is normal to provide up to date predictions of: Personalised channels (web, mobile device, or kiosk) is normally set up to mimic the view from a station or stop, but they may in addition be linked to journey planners . Using such systems, a passenger may (re)plan their journey to take into account current circumstances (such as cancelled services or excessive delays). In Paris , France, SIEL indicator systems (abbreviated from Système d’information en ligne) are installed in

1725-746: A version of Google Transit in 2005, covering trips in the Portland region, as described by the TriMet agency manager Bibiana McHugh. This led to the development of the General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS), a format for collecting transit data for use in trip planners that has been highly influential in developing an ecosystem of PT data feeds covering many different countries. The successful uptake of GTFS as an available output format by large operators in many countries has allowed Google to extend its trip planner coverage to many more regions around

1800-503: A very low frequency but lost all lawsuits in 2015. It was given 18 months to equip the remaining stations with DSAs. The DSA system has a GSM radio module to receive a text message to be displayed in a horizontally-moving news ticker style. A loudspeaker may optionally be mounted on top. When there is no delay, the current time is shown statically on its 96×8 LED dot-matrix display. National Rail stations are equipped with visual platform displays and audio announcements, which indicate

1875-568: Is affecting or is likely to affect the transport network. A trip planner can integrate situation information and use it both to revise its trip planning computations and to annotate its responses so as to inform users through both text and map representations. A trip planner will typically use a standard interface such as SIRI , TPEG or Datex II to obtain situation information. Incidents are captured through an incident capturing system (ICS) by different operators and stakeholders, for example in transport operator control rooms, by broadcasters or by

1950-513: Is also increasingly becoming available in international formats such as GTFS and NeTEx . To allow a route to be projected onto a map, GTFS allows the specification of a simple shape plot; whilst Transmodel based standards such as CEN NeTEx , TransXChange additionally allow a more detailed representation which can recognize the constituent links and distinguish several different semantic layers. Trip planners may be able to incorporate real-time information into their database and consider them in

2025-643: Is an automated system for supplying users of public transport with information about the nature and the state of a public transport service through visual, voice or other media. It is also known as a customer information system or an operational information system. Among the information provided by such systems, a distinction can be drawn between: Static information has traditionally been made available in printed form though route network maps and timetable booklets at transit stations. However, most transit operators now also use integrated passenger information systems that provide either schedule-based information through

2100-471: Is far more difficult to establish and as so there is very little research. That directs the business model for information systems towards the "softer" merits such as traveller confidence. There must be an actual value, as individuals are willing to pay for systems that give them access to real-time data relating to their journey. The difficulty is establishing what that is for each individual person and perhaps each individual piece of roadside hardware. Even less

2175-778: Is fundamental both for computing access legs to reach public transport stops, and to compute road trips in their own right. The fundamental representation is a graph of nodes and edges (i.e. points and links). The data may be further annotated to assist trip planning for different modes; Advanced road trip planners take into account the real-time state of the network. They use two main types of feed to do this, obtained from road data services using interfaces such as Datex II or UTMC . For transit route planners to work, transit schedule data must always be kept up to date. To facilitate data exchange and interoperability between different trip planners, several standard data formats have emerged. The General Transit Feed Specification , developed in 2006,

2250-553: Is installed on all stations on line 14. The displays show the time needed for a train (and the subsequent train after it) to reach a particular station. On the bus network in Paris, monochrome LCDs have been used since 1996 to indicate the time needed for a bus on a bus route to arrive at a bus stop , after a two-year trial period on a few bus routes. Deutsche Bahn AG offers a Travel Information System ( German : Reiseinformationssystem (RIS)). It shows current train times compared to

2325-445: Is known about the long-term effects of access to these types of services. The only long-term study is from 2012. Information may be delivered via any electronic media, including: Additional considerations include: The information provided by a passenger information system depends on its location and the technical scope (e.g. the size of the display screen) At a station or stop, it is normal to provide up-to-date predictions of: On

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2400-569: Is now used by hundreds of transit agencies around the world. In the European Union all public passenger travel operators have the obligation to provide the information under the EU railway timetable data exchange format. In other parts of the world there similar exchange standards. The location and identity of public transport access points such as bus, tram and coach stops, stations, airports, ferry landing and ports are fundamental to trip planning and

2475-459: The Northeast Corridor . As of 2010 , PIDS are being deployed with unified messaging , which can include information streamed to mobile devices, phones and translated directly to voice announcements. Text to Speech products have been designed to convert PIDS data to speech in a choice of over 20 languages. Journey planner A journey planner , trip planner , or route planner is

2550-631: The RER , the Paris Métro and on 250 bus routes on the RATP bus system . On the RER, two types of indicators are used. The first-generation model indicates only the termini of trains stopping at a station through the use of square lights beside the words bearing the name of a terminus. The second-generation model includes an LED display above the square lights indicating the terminus and train service. The displays are used only on

2625-473: The RER line A , RER line B and at Gare de Châtelet – Les Halles station on RER line D . They can be inaccurate at times because of the lack of communication between SNCF and RATP , the two operators of the RER. On the Paris Métro, there are two types of information display systems. The LED numerical display installed in all Métro lines (except line 14 ) has been in use since 1997. The television display

2700-448: The transport network , such as stations, airports or bus stops . For public transport routing the trip planner is constrained by times of arrival or departure. It may also support different optimization criteria – for example, fastest route, fewest changes, most accessible . Optimization by price ( cheapest, most flexible fare , etc.) is usually done by a separate algorithm or engine, though trip planners that can return fare prices for

2775-813: The travel industry since the 1970s, by booking agents. The growth of the internet , the proliferation of geospatial data , and the development of information technologies generally has led to the rapid development of many self-service app or browser-based , on-line intermodal trip planners. A trip planner may be used in conjunction with ticketing and reservation systems. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, some national railway operators and major metropolitan transit authorities developed their own specialized trip planners to support their customer enquiry services. These typically ran on mainframes and were accessed internally with terminals by their own staff in customer information centers, call centers, and at ticket counters in order to answer customer queries. The data came from

2850-570: The European INSPIRE framework includes public transport infrastructure links in its set of strategic digital data. The CEN NeTEx format allows both the physical layer (e.g. road and railway track infrastructure links) and the logical layer (e.g. links between scheduled stopping points on a given line) of the transport infrastructure to be exchanged In the UK the Online Journey Planner (OJP) is

2925-596: The Mentz engine, was launched in 2001 by London startup company Kizoom Ltd , who also launched the UK's first rail trip planner for the mobile internet in 2000, also as a WAP service, followed by an SMS service. Starting in 2000 the Traveline service provided all parts of the UK with regional multi-modal trip planning on bus, coach, and rail. A web-based trip planner for UK rail was launched by UK National Rail Enquiries in 2003. Early public transport trip planners typically required

3000-485: The UK National Public Transport Gazetteer . Road trip planners, sometimes referred to as route planners, use street and footpath network data to compute a route using simply the network connectivity (i.e. trips may run at any time and not constrained by a timetable). Such data can come from one or more public, commercial or crowdsourced datasets such as TIGER , Esri or OpenStreetMap . The data

3075-566: The US and 14 in the UK - a Gazetteer can be used to distinguish which is which and also in some cases to indicate the relationship of transport interchanges with towns and urban centers that passengers are trying to reach - for example only one of London's five or so Airports is actually in London. Data for this purpose typically comes from additional layers in a map data set such as that provided by Esri , Ordnance Survey , Navtech , or specific data sets such as

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3150-477: The bus timetables to the Traveline information service, which covers all public transport modes, and from there to other information services such as Google Transit . The deployment of real-time bus information systems is a gradual process and currently extends to around half of the national fleet and a high proportion of town-centre stops but relatively few suburban and rural locations. The first use of such systems

3225-611: The development of the on-line planner and covering all public transport services in London, was another example of a mainframe OLTP journey planner and included a large database of tourist attractions and popular destinations in London. In the 1990s with the advent of personal computers with sufficient memory and processor power to undertake trip planning (which is relatively expensive computationally in terms of memory and processor requirements), systems were developed that could be installed and run on minicomputers and personal computers. The first digital public transport trip planner systems for

3300-422: The emergency services. Text and image information can be combined with the trip result. Recent incidents can be considered within the routing as well as visualized in an interactive map. Typically journey planners use an efficient in-memory representation of the network and timetable to allow the rapid searching of a large number of paths. Database queries may also be used where the number of nodes needed to compute

3375-416: The engine used by National Rail to plan routes, calculate fares and establish ticket availability. OJP obtains its route information from SilverRail’s planning engine known as IPTIS (Integrated Passenger Transport Information System). The National Rail website provides information on how businesses can access this data directly via online data feed xml files. However, OJP was switched off in 2023 in favour of

3450-404: The event of delays. That helps to encourage greater use of public transport, which for many countries is a political goal. Real-time information is provided to passengers in a number of different ways, including mobile phone applications , platform-level signage, and automated public address systems . It may include both predictions about arrival and departure times, as well as information on

3525-520: The general public. A test web interface for HaFAs, was launched as Deutsche Bahn 's official rail trip planner in 1995 and evolved over time into the main Deutsche Bahn website. In 2001 Transport for London launched the world's first large-scale multimodal trip planner for a world city covering all of London's transport modes as well as rail routes to London; this used a trip planning engine supplied by [1] Mentz Gmbh] of Munich after earlier attempts in

3600-462: The integration of other types of data into the trip planning results such as disruption notices, crowding levels, CO 2 costs, etc. The trip planners of some major metropolitan cities such as the Transport for London trip planner have the ability to dynamically suspend individual stations and whole lines so that modified trip plans are produced during major disruptions that omit the unavailable parts of

3675-413: The late 1990s to add a web interface to TfL's own mainframe internal trip planner failed to scale. Internet trip planners for major transport networks such as national railways and major cities must sustain very high query rates and so require software architectures optimized to sustain such traffic. The world's first mobile trip planner for a large metropolitan area, a WAP based interface to the London using

3750-409: The links to the nearest stops. For points of interest that cover a large area, such as parks, country houses or stadia, a precise geocoding of the entrances is important. Trip planning user interfaces can be made more usable by integration of Gazetteer data. This can be associated with stops to assist with stop finding in particular, for example for disambiguation; there are 33 places named Newport in

3825-423: The nature and the cause of disruptions. There are four principal considerations for the provision of passenger information (static or real time): Current operational information on service running is collected from automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems and from control systems, including incident capture systems . The information can be compared algorithmically with the published service timetable to generate

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3900-460: The network. Another development has been the addition of accessibility data and the ability for algorithms to optimize plans to take into account the requirements of specific disabilities such as wheelchair access. For the London 2012 Olympics, an enhanced London trip planner was created that allowed the proposed trip results to be biased to manage available capacity across different routes, spreading traffic to less congested routes. Another innovation

3975-573: The next service or services from the platform and warn passengers to stand clear of trains that are not scheduled to stop, not in use or are about to depart. Additionally, concourses and ticket offices have large screen displays that show all of the services available at the station for the next hour or more and, at major stations, the full route of the service and any restrictions applicable (e.g. ticket types, catering services, bicycle carriage). Many smaller and less well-used railway stations have, instead of such systems, "passenger help points", which connect

4050-494: The participation of agencies and operators in the US and Europe; a full version 1.0 released in September 2016, is making it possible for smaller transit agencies and operators to provide trip planning without paying proprietary license fees. A public transport route planner is an intermodal journey planner, typically accessed via the web that provides information about available public transport services. The application prompts

4125-673: The public on major mobile device software platforms ( iPhone / iPad , Android , Windows Phone , Palm ). The system also began providing real-time train information by phone in 2010. The New York City Subway began installing its public address/customer information screens, commonly known as " countdown clocks", in its stations in 2007. In 2012, the system began offering SubTime, a website and iPhone app for real-time train arrival estimates for several of its subway services. The arrival data are shared with outside software developers to support creation of additional apps. There are also PIDS installed on some MTA Regional Bus Operations routes over

4200-454: The published timetable, as well as known delays and expected arrival and departure times of the trains . The information is made available to the train conductor (via SMS ) as well as to the passenger via loudspeaker in the train station or schedule boards on the internet. The corresponding VRR and VRS information systems also process RIS data. The data can also be queried in real-time via mobile devices like mobile phones . The RIS

4275-486: The second letter is an 'I': Special exceptions exist for Esbly – Crecy, even though the second letter is an 'I': NOTE: EICE, EIME, RICE and RIME are mission codes used for the line/axis between Esbly and Crécy-la-Chapelle. This article about a railway station in the city of Paris, France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Passenger information display system A passenger information system , or passenger information display system ,

4350-513: The selection of optimal routes for travel in the immediate future. Automatic vehicle location (AVL) systems monitor the position of vehicles using GPS systems and can pass on real-time and forecast information to the journey planning system. A trip planner may use a real time interface such as the CEN Service Interface for Real Time Information to obtain this data. A situation is a software representation of an incident or event that

4425-805: The street network for driving directions. Passengers don't travel because they want to go to a particular station or stop, but because they want to go some destination of interest, such as a sports arena, tourist attraction, shopping center, park, law court, etc., etc. Many trip planners allow users to look for such "Points of interest", either by name or by category ( museum, stadium, prison, etc.). Data sets of systematically named, geocoded and categorized popular destinations can be obtained commercially, for example, The UK PointX data set, or derived from opensource data sets such as OpenStreetMap . Major operators such as Transport for London or National Rail have historically had well developed sets of such data for use in their Customer Call centers, along with information on

4500-490: The three letter IATA codes for airports) to use in interfaces. Historically, different operators quite often used a different identifier for the same stop and stop numbers were not unique within a country or even a region. Systems for managing stop data, such as the International Union of Railways (UIC) station location code set or the UK's NaPTAN (National Public Transport Access Point) system for stop numbers provide

4575-476: The timetable databases used to publish printed timetables and to manage operations and some included simple route planning capabilities. The HAFAs timetable information system developed in 1989 by the German company Hacon, (now part of Siemens AG) is an example of such a system and was adopted by Swiss Federal Railways (SBB) and Deutsche Bahn in 1989. The ""Routes"" system of London Transport, now TfL , in use before

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4650-406: The topology of the network can also be used for route planning, with an average interval being assumed rather than specific departure times. Data on the routes of trains and buses is also useful for providing visualization of results, for example, to plot the route of a train on a map. National mapping bodies, such as the UK's Ordnance Survey typically include a transport layer in their data sets and

4725-457: The transport network as a graph and different algorithms may be used such as RAPTOR Automated trip planners generate your itinerary automatically, based on the information you provide. One way is to submit the desired destination, dates of your trip and interests and the plan will be created in a while. Another way is to provide the necessary information by forwarding confirmation e-mails from airlines , hotels and car rental companies. With

4800-1568: The trips they find may also offer sorting or filtering of results by price and product type. For long-distance rail and air trip planning, where price is a significant consideration in price optimizing trip planners may suggest the cheapest dates to travel for customers are flexible as to travel time. The planning of road legs is sometimes done by a separate subsystem within a journey planner, but may consider both single mode trip calculations as well as intermodal scenarios (e.g. Park and Ride , kiss and ride , etc.). Typical optimizations for car routing are shortest route , fastest route , cheapest route and with constraints for specific waypoints. The rise of e-mobility poses new challenges to route planning, e.g. sparse charging infrastructure, limited range, and long charging have to be taken into account and offer room for optimization. Some advanced journey planners can take into account average journey times on road sections, or even real-time predicted average journey times on road sections. A journey planner will ideally provide detailed routing for pedestrian access to stops, stations, points of interest etc. This will include options to take into account accessibility requirements for different types of users, for example; 'no steps', 'wheelchair access', 'no lifts', etc. Some journey planning systems can calculate bicycle routes, integrating all paths accessible by bicycle and often including additional information like topography, traffic, on-street cycling infrastructure, etc. These systems assume, or allow

4875-611: The user by telephone to a control room by pressing an "Information" button. The information is available online at the National Rail website and on mobile devices. Most London Underground stations have "countdown" displays on each platform. They are simpler than the national rail displays since most platforms serves only a single line, and there are few or no variations in carriage restrictions and destinations served. Audio announcements are also made regularly. Local authorities and some transport operators provide electronic versions of

4950-422: The user to specify, preferences for quiet or safe roads, minimal elevation change, bicycle lanes , etc. Trip planners depend on a number of different types of data and the quality and extent of this data limits their capability. Some trip planners integrate many different kinds of data from numerous sources. Others may work with one mode only, such as flight itineraries between airports, or using only addresses and

5025-416: The utility and popularity of the sites; early implementations such as the UK's Trainline offered delivery of tickets by mail; this has been complemented in most European countries by self-service print and mobile fulfillment methods. Internet trip planners now constitute a primary sales channel for most rail and air transport operators. Google started to add trip planning capabilities to its product set with

5100-455: The world. The Google Transit trip planning capabilities were integrated into the Google Map product in 2012. Further evolution of trip planning engines has seen the integration of real time data so that trip plans for the immediate future take into account real time delays and disruptions. The UK National Rail Enquiries added real time to its rail trip planner in 2007. Also significant has been

5175-569: The years, but mostly, the MTA offers real-time bus tracking through another website/app called MTA Bus Time . The Boston MBTA Red, Orange, and Blue Lines introduced countdown clocks in early 2014, and the Green Line introduced them the following year. The eastern end of the Green Line introduced clocks in early 2016. They reflect how many "stops away" the train is, rather than how many minutes it will take to arrive. Amtrak has deployed PIDS throughout

5250-942: Was brought to riders in the US by NextBus corporation, a small start-up, in 1999. The first systems were installed in Emeryville, California , and later in San Francisco, California . As of 2012 , both initial systems are still in operation. The Washington Metro installed a passenger information display system (PIDS) in all of its stations in 2000. The system provides real-time information on next train arrivals, delayed trains, emergency announcements, and related information. Metro also provides current train and related information to customers with conventional web browsers , as well as users of smartphones and other mobile devices. In 2010, Metro began sharing its PIDS data with outside software developers for use in creating additional real-time applications for mobile devices. Free apps are available to

5325-576: Was in Brighton and Hove . The Traveline NextBuses information service provides the next departures from any bus stop in the UK, and some trams as well. The information has the real-time feed that has been connected in; otherwise, the scheduled times are given. The government-sponsored Transport Direct project provided journey planning across all transport modes (including private car) and was increasingly linked to real-time information systems prior to its discontinuation in 2014. Real-time passenger information

5400-542: Was started in 2003, and by 2007, it was planned to have 30,000 trains equipped with the necessary train describer (electronic train number). In an accompanying program the older split-flap displays were replaced by electronic dot-matrix signage. Large stations have platform displays with multiple rows, but the Deutsche Bahn network operator developed the Dynamic Font Indicator ( German : Dynamischer Schriftanzeiger (DSA)) standard system for smaller stations with

5475-487: Was the detailed modelling of all the access paths into and out of every Olympic venue, (from PT stop to individual arena entrance) with predicted and actual queueing times to allow for security checks and other delays being factored into the recommended travel times. An initiative to develop an open source trip planner, the OpenTripPlanner was seeded by Portland, Oregon's transit agency TriMet in 2009 and developed with

5550-489: Was the development in parallel of standards for encoding stop and schedule data from many different operators and the setting up of workflows to aggregate and distribute data on a regular basis. This is more challenging for modes such as bus and coach, where there tend to a large number of small operators, than for rail, which typically involves only a few large operators who have exchange formats and processes already in place in order to operate their networks. In Europe, which has

5625-405: Was to deploy trip planners onto even smaller platforms such as mobile devices, a Windows CE version of Hafas was launched in 1998 compressing the application and the entire railway timetable of Deutsche Bahn into six megabytes and running as a stand-alone application. The development of the internet allowed HTML based user interfaces to be added to allow direct querying of trip planning systems by

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