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29-570: Trailer trash is a derogatory North American English term for poor people living in a trailer or a run-down mobile home in a bad neighborhood. It is particularly used to denigrate white people living in such circumstances. In the mid-20th century, poor whites who could not afford to buy suburban-style tract housing began to purchase mobile homes, which were not only cheaper but could be easily relocated if work in one location ran out. These – sometimes by choice and sometimes through local zoning laws – gathered in trailer parks, and

58-587: A large influence on Canadian English from its early roots. Some terms in North American English are used almost exclusively in Canada and the United States (for example, the terms diaper and gasoline are widely used instead of nappy and petrol ). Although many English speakers from outside North America regard those terms as distinct Americanisms , they are just as common in Canada, mainly due to

87-566: A moratorium of cod fishing in 1992. This affected the region significantly and caused the loss of between 30,000 and 50,000 jobs in the region which was the largest single layoff in Canadian history. Additionally the region is host to parts of Canada's eastern boreal forests which were historically used for timber production and boat production. Labrador hosts the second largest hydroelectric system in Canada at Churchill Falls where it produces 35,000 GWh of power each year. Elsewhere in

116-967: A physical Atlantic coast on the Gulf of St. Lawrence , it is generally not considered an Atlantic Province; instead, it is classified as part of Central Canada , along with Ontario . Atlantic and Central Canada together are also known as Eastern Canada . Atlantic Canada includes a section of the Appalachian Mountains known as the Appalachian Uplands . In each Atlantic province, Upland regions have been divided into three highland areas. The mountain range results in coastal regions being fjorded . Some areas contain glaciofluvial deposits . Atlantic Canada's primary industries are natural resource extraction and power generation including fishing , hydroelectricity , wind power, forestry , oil, and mining . The Atlantic provinces contribute

145-549: A significant part of Canada's fish production, with many coastal communities primarily dependent on fisheries. Over half of all ocean related jobs in Canada are found in Atlantic Canada with 75% of the ocean economy centered in its provinces. The access point for many of such fisheries being the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic continental shelf . Due to the collapse of the Atlantic northwest cod fishery Canada imposed

174-628: A survey found that only 13% of those who owned and lived in mobile homes had white collar jobs. Trailers got their start in the 1930s, and their use proliferated during the housing shortage of World War II when the Federal government used as many as 30,000 of them to house defense workers, soldiers, and sailors throughout the country, but especially around areas with a large military or defense presence, such as Mobile, Alabama and Pascagoula, Mississippi . In her book Journey Through Chaos , reporter Agnes Meyer of The Washington Post traveled throughout

203-460: Is uncertain, but an archaeological site on the northern tip of Newfoundland at L'Anse aux Meadows has been identified as a good candidate. It was a modest Viking settlement and is the oldest confirmed presence of Europeans in North America. The Vikings would make brief excursions to North America for the next 200 years, though further attempts at colonization were thwarted. The site produced

232-693: The Great Expulsion or Le Grand Dérangement. Following the Seven Years War and the Treaty of Paris of 1763, Newfoundland's governor, Admiral Hugh Palliser , consolidated British control by carrying out the first systematic hydrographic charting of the island, including the Bay of Islands and Humber Arm , much of it by the Royal Naval officer James Cook . After the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1764 some of

261-621: The United States and Canada . In North America, different English dialects of immigrants from England , Scotland , Ireland , and other regions of the British Isles mixed together in the 17th and 18th centuries. These were developed, built upon, and blended together as new waves of immigration, and migration across the North American continent, developed new dialects in new areas, and as these ways of speaking merged with and assimilated to

290-470: The Wabanaki Confederacy , important allies to New France. Competition for control of the island of Newfoundland and its waters contributed to major ongoing conflicts and occasional wars between France and Britain. The first major agreement between the two powers over access to this coastline came with the Treaty of Utrecht of 1713, giving Britain governance over the entire island and establishing

319-583: The epidemic typhus outbreak. The first premier of Newfoundland , Joey Smallwood , coined the term "Atlantic Canada" when the Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canada in 1949. He believed that it would have been presumptuous for Newfoundland to assume that it could include itself within the existing term " Maritime provinces ," which was used to describe the cultural similarities shared by New Brunswick , Prince Edward Island , and Nova Scotia . The other provinces of Atlantic Canada entered Confederation during

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348-523: The 19th century with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia being founding members of the Dominion of Canada in 1867, and later Prince Edward Island joined in 1873. Atlantic Canada is characterized by its rugged coastlines, gravel beaches, rugged mountains , and dense forests. Bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, and Quebec to the west. The region shares two international borders one with

377-516: The Acadians returned and settled in the area that would become New Brunswick. The effect of this migration can still be seen today as the province of New Brunswick is the only officially bilingual province in Canada with over a quarter of residents speaking French at home. After the conclusion of the American Revolution with the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 many loyalists from

406-549: The British war effort against the United States. In the last half of the 19th century the region's population grew due to the immigration from Ireland due to the great potato famine . Saint John and Halifax , both port cities, particularly received a significant influx of Irish immigrants within the region, with Saint John's quarantine station on Partridge Island being the second-busiest in British North America during

435-426: The United States and its State of Maine and another off the coast of Newfoundland with France and its overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon . The region's maritime environment has profoundly influenced the region's climate, culture, and economy. The area encompasses a mix of urban centers like Halifax and St. John's and rural communities that rely on fishing, and tourism. Although Quebec has

464-430: The United States settled in the region. This influx of immigrants caused the partition of Nova Scotia creating New Brunswick. Additionally these immigrants changed the culture and character of the region which had historically been French towards more British styled communities. It also marked one of the first large waves of migration to the area that established a predominantly Anglo-Canadian population. Some of

493-913: The country, reporting on the condition of the "neglected rural areas", and described the people who lived in the trailers, tents, and shacks in such areas as malnourished, unable to read or write, and generally ragged. The workers who came to Mobile and Pascagoula to work in the shipyards there were from the backwoods of the South, "subnormal swamp and mountain folk" whom the locals described as "vermin"; elsewhere, they were called "squatters". They were accused of having loose morals, high illegitimacy and crime rates, and of allowing prostitution to thrive in their "Hillbilly Havens", and letting their children go undisciplined, causing high juvenile delinquency rates. The trailers themselves – sometimes purchased second- or third-hand – were often unsightly, unsanitary, and dilapidated, causing communities to zone them away from

522-507: The effects of heavy cross-border trade and cultural penetration by the American mass media. The list of divergent words becomes longer if considering regional Canadian dialects, especially as spoken in the Atlantic provinces and parts of Vancouver Island where significant pockets of British culture still remain. There are a considerable number of different accents within the regions of both

551-529: The first French Shore , giving France and its migratory fishery almost exclusive access to a substantial stretch of the island's coastline. Despite reoccurring wars and conflicts the Britain acquiesced to France's demands for continuing access to this fishery. Between 1755 and 1764 during the Seven Years' War the British forcibly removed thousands of Acadians from Nova Scotia and New Brunswick in an event known as

580-526: The first evidence of pre-Columbian trans-oceanic contact of Europeans with the Americas outside of Greenland . Acadia , a colony of New France , was established in areas of present-day Atlantic Canada in 1604, under the leadership of Samuel de Champlain and Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons . The French would form alliances with many indigenous groups within Atlantic Canada, including the Mi'kmaq of Acadia, who joined

609-522: The greater American dialect mixture that solidified by the mid-18th century. Below, several major North American English accents are defined by particular characteristics: A majority of North American English (for example, in contrast to British English) includes phonological features that concern consonants, such as rhoticity (full pronunciation of all /r/ sounds), conditioned T-glottalization (with satin pronounced [ˈsæʔn̩] , not [ˈsætn̩] ), T- and D-flapping (with metal and medal pronounced

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638-580: The historical territories of the Mi'kmaq , Naskapi , Beothuk and Nunatsiavut peoples. The people of Nunatsiavut are the Labrador Inuit (Labradormiut), who are descended from the Thule people . Leif Erikson and other members of his family began exploring the North American coast in 986 CE. Leif landed in three places, and in the third established a small settlement called Vinland. The location of Vinland

667-557: The more desirable neighborhoods, which meant away from schools, stores, and other necessary facilities, often literally on the other sides of the railroad tracks. North American English North American English encompasses the English language as spoken in both the United States and Canada . Because of their related histories and cultures, plus the similarities between the pronunciations (accents), vocabulary, and grammar of U.S. English and Canadian English , linguists often group

696-578: The new settlers brought with them Black slaves. Also 3,000 Black loyalists who were slaves during the war and who sided with the British were given freedom and evacuated with other Loyalists from New York to Nova Scotia. Most of the free Blacks settled at Birchtown , the most prominent Black township in North America at the time. The War of 1812 significantly impacted the provinces of Atlantic Canada where they played crucial roles in naval operations, privateering, and as strategic support bases for

725-406: The people who lived in them became known as "trailer trash" with the term dating to at least 1952. Despite many of them having jobs, albeit sometimes itinerant ones, the character flaws that had been perceived in poor white trash in the past were transferred to trailer trash, and trailer camps or parks were seen as being inhabited by retired people, migrant workers, and, generally, the poor. By 1968,

754-439: The region wind power and hydrogen generation have begun to make a large impact on the energy landscape including exporting energy to Canada and hydrogen overseas. The Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency is the official agency responsible for creating economic opportunities within Atlantic Canada. Nova Scotia has historically been an exporter of gypsum and now produces over 60% of the gypsum in Canada. Salt and iron

783-589: The same), at least one of the LOT vowel mergers (the LOT – PALM merger is completed among virtually all Americans and the LOT – THOUGHT merger among nearly half, while both are completed among virtually all Canadians), and yod-dropping (with tuesday pronounced /ˈtuzdeɪ/ , not /ˈtjuzdeɪ/ ). The last item is more advanced in American English than Canadian English. Atlantic Canada The Atlantic Provinces are

812-454: The same, as [ˈmɛɾɫ̩] ), L-velarization (with filling pronounced [ˈfɪɫɪŋ] , not [ˈfɪlɪŋ] ), as well as features that concern vowel sounds, such as various vowel mergers before /r/ (so that, Mary , marry , and merry are all commonly pronounced the same ), raising of pre-voiceless /aɪ/ (with price and bright using a higher vowel sound than prize and bride ), the weak vowel merger (with affected and effected often pronounced

841-432: The two together. Canadians are generally tolerant of both British and U.S. spellings, with British spellings of certain words (e.g., colour ) preferred in more formal settings and in Canadian print media, though for particular words the U.S. spelling prevails over the British (e.g., tire rather than tyre ). Dialects of English spoken by United Empire Loyalists who fled the American Revolution (1775–1783) have had

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