3-409: Total communication ( TC ) is an approach to communicating that aims to make use of a number of modes of communication such as signed , oral , auditory, written and visual aids, depending on the particular needs and abilities of the person. The term "Total Communication" and its specific philosophy were first used by Roy Holcomb as part of a group of educators in southern California. It was adopted by
6-564: The Maryland school as the official name for their educational philosophy. TC was supposed to find a middle ground in age-old disputes between oralism and manualism , and as an alternative to simultaneous communication . In practice, however, most total communication programs use some form of simultaneous communication. This article relating to communication is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Manual communication Manual communication systems use articulation of
9-531: The hands (hand signs, gestures , etc.) to mediate a message between persons. Being expressed manually, they are received visually and sometimes tactually . When it is the primary form of communication, it may be enhanced by body language and facial expressions . Manual communication is employed in sign languages and manually coded languages , though sign languages also possess non-manual elements . Other systems of manual communication have been developed for specific purposes, typically in situations where speech
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