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32-448: The idea for Total Baseball originated when two baseball historians and statisticians, Thorn and Palmer, realized that the current Baseball Encyclopedia , at that time endorsed by Major League Baseball, contained numerous significant mistakes. These included thousands of miscalculations by earlier statisticians, typographical errors made by the original scorekeepers , and even "phantom" players who did not actually exist and were added to

64-697: A box score incorrectly, Lou Proctor being a notable example. In addition, Thorn and Palmer corrected mistakes not commonly accepted by the baseball community, such as the discovery that Ty Cobb actually garnered 4,189 hits, not 4,191, or that Walter Johnson in fact had 417 career wins, not 414 or 416. Thorn and Palmer also included six new sabermetric statistics for batters and fielders , and eight for pitchers. Some of these, such as runs created , were developed by statisticians like Bill James , but most were of Palmer's design. Most importantly, Thorn and Palmer normalized both conventional and new statistics for era and home park. Their most important new statistic

96-447: A typewriter without correction tape , typos were commonly struck out with another character such as a strikethrough . This saved the typist the trouble of retyping the entire page to eliminate the error, but as evidence of the typo remained, it was not aesthetically pleasing. Correction fluid was invented to hide the original mark and allow the typist to correct the error almost invisibly. Word processing software all but eliminated

128-457: A line due to the similarity of the ending or beginning), haplography (copying once what appeared twice), dittography (copying twice what appeared once), contamination (introduction of extraneous elements), metathesis (reversing the order of some elements), unwitting mistranscription of similar elements, mistaking similar looking letters, the substitution of homophones , fission and fusion (joining or separating words). The Wicked Bible omits

160-400: A measure of batting or pitching in one ballpark compared to the average of other parks. Total Baseball also included 41 chapters in six sections about all aspects of the game. Total Baseball was “packaged” by Baseball Ink, a company founded by Thorn and David Reuther. Baseball Ink provided the contents which were edited by Rick Horgan, Senior Editor at Warner Books. Baseball Ink then designed

192-460: A running joke in the satirical magazine Private Eye . The magazine continues to refer to The Guardian by this name. Typos are common on social media , and some—such as " teh ", " pwned ", and " zomg "—have become in-jokes among Internet groups and subcultures. P0rn is not a typo but an example of obfuscation , where people make a word harder for filtering software to understand while retaining its meaning to human readers. In mapping, it

224-406: A speed that makes them input a later character before an earlier one; or simply fails to keep the correct order in their internal memory while transcribing the text. Transcription and transposition errors are found everywhere, even in professional articles in newspapers or books. They can be missed by editors quite easily, just as they can be created quite easily. The most obvious cure for the errors

256-511: A web page, or into its metadata , can also draw unwitting visitors when they enter these typos in Internet search engines . An example of this is gogole.com instead of google.com which could potentially be harmful to the user. Since the emergence and popularization of online auction sites such as eBay , misspelled auction searches have quickly become lucrative for people searching for deals. The concept on which these searches are based

288-424: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Typographical error A typographical error (often shortened to typo ), also called a misprint , is a mistake (such as a spelling or transposition error ) made in the typing of printed or electronic material. Historically, this referred to mistakes in manual typesetting . Technically, the term includes errors due to mechanical failure or slips of

320-474: Is for the user to watch the screen when they type, and to proofread. If the entry is occurring in data capture forms, databases or subscription forms, the designer of the forms should use input masks or validation rules . Transcription and transposition errors may also occur in syntax when computer programming or programming , within variable declarations or coding parameters. This should be checked by proofreading; some syntax errors may also be picked up by

352-532: Is placed before (or after) the correct word. In formal prose, it is sometimes necessary to quote text containing typos or other doubtful words. In such cases, the author will write "[ sic ]" to indicate that an error was in the original quoted source rather than in the transcription. Scribal errors receive a lot of attention in the context of textual criticism . Many of these mistakes are not specific to manuscripts and can be referred to as typos. Some classifications include homeoteleuton and homeoarchy (skipping

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384-467: Is that, if an individual posts an auction and misspells its description and/or title, regular searches will not find this auction. However, a search that includes misspelled alterations of the original search term in such a way as to create misspellings, transpositions, omissions, double strikes, and wrong key errors would find most misspelled auctions. The resulting effect is that there are far fewer bids than there would be under normal circumstances, allowing

416-470: The book, had it copyedited and proofread , then delivered it to Warner ready for the printer. The first edition of Total Baseball was published in 1989 by Warner Books and sold 75,000 copies. Warner published the Total Baseball 1990 Update in 1990. It also published Total Baseball, Second Edition in 1991. The latest edition, its eighth, was published in 2004. This baseball -related article

448-422: The converse is also true. Transposition error Input : Joseph Miscat Instead of : Joseph Muscat Input : 23 Auguat Instead of : 23 August Input : Jishua Instead of : Joshua A transcription error is a specific type of data entry error that is commonly made by human operators or by optical character recognition (OCR) programs. Human transcription errors are commonly

480-493: The cost of a reduced number of entries per unit time. Mathematical transposition errors are easily identifiable. Add up the numbers that make up the difference and the resultant number will always be evenly divisible by nine . For example, (72-27)/9 = 5. Double data entry is considered to be the goldstandard approach, although even when ruled important, it is described emotionally as "laborious". However, as double-entry needs to be carried out by two separate data entry officers,

512-406: The expenses associated with double data entry are substantial. Moreover, in some institutions this may not be possible. Therefore, M. Khushi et al. suggests another semi-automatic technique called 'eAuditor'. Using an audit protocol tool, it was identified that human entry errors range from 0.01% when entering donors' clinical follow-up details, to 0.53% when entering pathological details, highlighting

544-488: The financial sector) is a slang term referring to an unwanted secondary action when typing. When a finger is bigger than the touch zone, with touchscreens or keyboards , there can be inaccuracy and one may hit two keys in a single keystroke. An example is buckled instead of bucked , due to the "L" key being next to the "K" key on the QWERTY keyboard , the most common keyboard for Latin-script alphabets . Historically,

576-409: The hand or finger, but excludes errors of ignorance , such as spelling errors , or changing and misuse of words such as "than" and "then". Before the arrival of printing , the copyist's mistake or scribal error was the equivalent for manuscripts . Most typos involve simple duplication, omission, transposition, or substitution of a small number of characters. "Fat finger" typing (especially in

608-465: The mistake is corrected with a slip of paper pasted over the misprint. Certain typos, or kinds of typos, have acquired widespread notoriety and are occasionally used deliberately for humorous purposes. For instance, the British newspaper The Guardian is sometimes referred to as The Grauniad due to its reputation for frequent typesetting errors in the era before computer typesetting. This usage began as

640-488: The need for this solution. In computer forums, sometimes "^H" (a visual representation of the ASCII backspace character) was used to " erase " intentional typos: "Be nice to this fool^H^H^H^Hgentleman, he's visiting from corporate HQ." In instant messaging , users often send messages in haste and only afterward notice the typo. It is common practice to correct the typo by sending a subsequent message in which an asterisk (*)

672-513: The powerful effects ballparks can have on batting and pitching performance. It included the won-lost and run-scoring characteristics of every park in the three most significant major leagues – the American and National Leagues and the American Association. It also included the home/road records for all teams in all leagues since 1871. Collectively, they enabled the creation of a Park Factor ,

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704-470: The process of converting a manuscript to a printed document required a typesetter to copy the text and print a first "galley proof" (familiarly, "a proof"). It may contain typographical errors ("printer's errors"), as a result of human error during typesetting. Traditionally, a proofreader compares the manuscript with the corresponding typeset portion, and then marks any errors (sometimes called "line edits") using standard proofreaders' marks . When using

736-417: The program the author is using to write the code. Common desktop publishing and word processing applications use spell checkers and grammar checkers , which may pick up on some transcription/transposition errors; however, these tools cannot catch all errors, as some errors form new words which are grammatically correct. For instance, if the user wished to write "The fog was dense", but instead put "The dog

768-596: The regular players, pitchers, key substitutes, and managers for all 2,010 team seasons in the history of professional baseball going back to 1871. These were grouped alphabetically by city and then by one of the six leagues: the National Association , Union Association , Players' League , Federal League , National League , and the American League . It also included a Manager Roster, a Coach Roster, and an Umpire Roster. The Home-Road Statistics section illustrated

800-669: The result of typographical mistakes; putting one's fingers in the wrong place while touch typing is the easiest way to make this error. Electronic transcription errors occur when the scan of some printed matter is compromised or in an unusual font – for example, if the paper is crumpled, or the ink is smudged, the OCR may make transcription errors when reading. Input : Gergory Instead of : Gregory Input : 23 Auguts Instead of : 23 August Input : NO REGERTS Instead of : NO REGRETS "Transposition error" may be confused with "transcription error", but they do not mean

832-399: The same thing. As the name suggests, transposition errors occur when characters have “transposed”—that is, they have switched places. This often occurs in the course of transcription; thus a transposition error is a special case of a transcription error. Transposition errors are almost always human in origin. The most common way for characters to be transposed is when a user is touch typing at

864-506: The searcher to obtain the item for less. A series of third-party websites have sprung up allowing people to find these items. Another kind of typo—informally called an " atomic typo "—is a typo that happens to result in a correctly spelled word that is different from the intended one. Since it is spelled correctly, a simple spellchecker cannot find the mistake. The term was used at least as early as 1995 by Robert Terry. A few illustrative examples include: and many more. For any of these,

896-402: The then 13,160 players in the history of the game. The Player Register section provided 27 batting, baserunning , and fielding statistics, broken out by year and team. The Pitcher Register included 28 pitching, batting, baserunning, and fielding statistics. The All-Time Leaders section included the top 100 all-time and single-season leaders in each of 95 categories. The Roster section included

928-559: The word "not" in the commandment , " thou shalt not commit adultery ". The Judas Bible is a copy of the second folio edition of the authorized version, printed by Robert Barker , printer to James VI and I , in 1613, and given to the church for the use of the Mayor of Totnes. This edition is known as the Judas Bible because in Matthew 26:36 " Judas " appears instead of " Jesus ". In this copy,

960-441: Was on-base plus slugging (OPS, today commonly seen on baseball cards and scoreboards ) for all batters since 1876 for whom bases on balls were recorded. As OPS+ the statistic was normalized for season and home park, thus permitting direct comparison of the impact of players across generations, such as Babe Ruth in 1927 and Barry Bonds in 2001. The first edition of the book included over 1,500 pages of statistics for all of

992-492: Was common practice to include deliberate errors so that copyright theft could be identified. Typosquatting is a form of cybersquatting that relies on typographical errors made by users of the Internet. Typically, the cybersquatter will register a likely typo of a frequently-accessed website address in the hope of receiving traffic when internet users mistype that address into a web browser . Deliberately introducing typos into

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1024-425: Was dense", a grammar and spell checker would not notify the user because both phrases are grammatically correct, as is the spelling of the word "dog". Unfortunately, this situation is likely to get worse before it gets better, as workload for users and workers using manual direct data entry (DDE) devices increases. Double entry (or more) may also be leveraged to minimize transcription or transposition error, but at

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