59-867: Torrence Avenue is a major north–south street in the South Side of Chicago , as well as its southern suburbs. It marks 2628 East in the Chicago address system, being located slightly more than 3 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (5.2 km) east of State Street . The road runs north from Richton Road in Crete to Steger Road at the Will – Cook county line in Sauk Village . From there, its northern segment begins just west of here. Torrence Avenue continues north, intersecting Interstate 80 (I-80) and I-94 ( Kingery Expressway ) in Lansing . From here,
118-982: A CHA policy of construction of family housing only in black residential areas, concentrated on the South and West Sides. Historian Arnold R. Hirsch said the CHA was "a bulwark of segregation that helped sustain Chicago's 'second ghetto'". Gentrification of parts of the Douglas community area has bolstered the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District . Gentrification in various parts of the South Side has displaced many black citizens. The South Side offers numerous housing cooperatives . Hyde Park has several middle-income co-ops and other South Side regions have limited equity (subsidized, price-controlled) co-ops. These regions experienced condominium construction and conversion in
177-442: A definite natural or artificial boundary. One source states that the boundary is Western Avenue or the railroad tracks adjacent to Western Avenue. This border extends further south to a former railroad right of way paralleling Beverly Avenue and then Interstate 57 . The Southwest Side of Chicago is a subsection of the South Side comprising mainly white, black, and Hispanic neighborhoods, usually dominated by one of these races. On
236-492: A former company town, Hyde Park Township, various platted communities and subdivisions were the results of such efforts. The Union Stock Yards , which were once located in the New City community area (#61), at one point employed 25,000 people and produced 82 percent of US domestic meat production. They were so synonymous with the city that for over a century they were part of the lyrics of Frank Sinatra 's " My Kind of Town ", in
295-522: A grid demarcating Madison Street as the east–west axis and State Street as the north–south axis. Madison is in the middle of the Loop. As a result, much of the downtown "Loop" district is south of Madison Street, and the river, but the Loop is usually excluded from any of the Sides. One definition has the South Side beginning at Roosevelt Road , at the Loop's southern boundary, with the community area known as
354-633: A large part of the housing supply during and after the Great Depression , especially in the "Black Belt". The South Side had a history of philanthropic subsidized housing dating back to 1919. The United States Congress passed the Housing Act of 1949 to fund and improve public housing. CHA produced a plan of citywide projects, which was rejected by the Chicago City Council 's white aldermen who opposed public housing in their wards. This led to
413-555: A larger city of Chicago. Lake View, Jefferson, Lake, Hyde Park Townships and the Austin portion of Cicero voted to be annexed by the city in the June 29, 1889, elections. After the Civil War freed millions of slaves, during Reconstruction black southerners migrated to Chicago and caused the black population to nearly quadruple from 4,000 to 15,000 between 1870 and 1890. In the 20th century,
472-777: A member of the CIO led in Chicago by Herb March. This work led to his founding the Industrial Areas Foundation in 1940, which later trained community organizers. Jane Jacobs , in her 1961 book The Death and Life of Great American Cities , cites the Back of the Yards as an area able to "unslum" in the 1960s, due to a beneficial set of circumstances. This included a stabilized community base with skilled members who were willing to trade work to upgrade housing, as well as active and well-led local social and political organizations. Jacobs often cited
531-823: A mile until ending at Steger Road (the Will–Cook county line). Torrence Avenue resumes just west of here, still on Steger Road. In Sauk Village, the road intersects US 30 ( Lincoln Highway ). Further north in Glenwood, Torrence Avenue picks up IL 83 at Glenwood Dyer Road. In Lansing, Torrence Avenue intersects US 6 and I-80/I-94 (Kingery Expressway). At this point, US 6 also follows Torrence Avenue. At 159th Street in Calumet City , US 6 continues west. While still in Calumet City, IL 83 splits off and follows Sibley Boulevard. At 138th Street, Torrence Avenue enters
590-475: A place of political controversy. Although the locations of some of these notable controversies have not become official landmarks, they remain important parts of Chicago history. The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919 and required 6,000 National Guard troops. As mentioned above, segregation has been a political theme of controversy for some time on
649-579: Is a cornerstone of the city's Chinese community. The South Side offers many outdoor amenities, such as miles of public lakefront parks and beaches, as it borders Lake Michigan on its eastern side. Today's South Side is mostly a combination of the former Hyde Park and Lake Townships. Within these townships many had made speculative bets on future prosperity. Much of the South Side evolved from these speculative investments. Stephen A. Douglas , Paul Cornell , George Pullman and various business entities developed South Chicago real estate. The Pullman District ,
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#1733084961042708-1057: Is along Roosevelt Road , is the tallest building on the South Side. One Museum Park West , which is next door to One Museum Park, is another of Chicago's tallest . 1700 East 56th Street in Hyde Park is the tallest building south of 13th Street. This neighborhood hosts several other highrises. Many landmark buildings are found in the Black Metropolis-Bronzeville District, including Powhatan Apartments , Robie House and John J. Glessner House . The South Side has many of Chicago's premier places of worship such as Eighth Church of Christ, Scientist , First Church of Deliverance and K.A.M. Isaiah Israel Temple . The South Side has several landmark districts including two in Barack Obama 's Kenwood community area: Kenwood District , North Kenwood District and (partially) Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District . The South Side hosts
767-601: Is larger in area than the North and West Sides combined. Out of 77 community areas in the city, the South Side of Chicago comprises a total of 42 neighborhoods, with some divided into different regions of the area or consolidated into Chicago as part of the annexation of various townships within Cook County . The exact boundaries dividing the Southwest, South, and Southeast Sides vary by source. If primarily racial lines are followed,
826-493: Is located on the South Side. Among the highways through the South Side are I-94 (which goes by the names Dan Ryan Expressway , Bishop Ford Freeway and Kingery Expressway on the South Side), I-90 (which goes by the names Dan Ryan Expressway and Chicago Skyway on the South Side), I-57 , I-55 , U.S. 12 , U.S. 20 and U.S. 41 . Several Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) bus and train lines and Metra train lines link
885-857: Is located on the Southwest Side of the city, as are Beverly and Morgan Park , home to a large concentration of Irish Americans . With its factories, steel mills and meat-packing plants, the South Side saw a sustained period of immigration which began around the 1840s and continued through World War II . Irish , Italian , Polish , Lithuanian and Yugoslav immigrants, in particular, settled in neighborhoods adjacent to industrial zones. The Illinois Constitution gave rise to townships that provided municipal services in 1850. Several settlements surrounding Chicago incorporated as townships to better serve their residents. Growth and prosperity overburdened many local government systems. In 1889, most of these townships determined that they would be better off as part of
944-552: Is one of the oldest neighborhoods in Chicago, and borders the Bridgeport neighborhood. According to the Encyclopedia of Chicago , the neighborhood extends from Pershing Road to 49th Street and centers on Halsted Street. The area's residents experienced the development, and then decline, of the meat packing industry, when Chicago was, in the words of Carl Sandburg , "hog butcher for the world". Many of its residents found other work in
1003-578: Is the largest of the three sections of the city, with the other two being the North and West Sides . It radiates and lies south of the city's downtown area, the Chicago Loop . Much of the South Side came from the city's annexation of townships such as Hyde Park . The city's Sides have historically been divided by the Chicago River and its branches. The South Side of Chicago was originally defined as all of
1062-534: The Beverly neighborhood along Western Avenue each year on the Sunday before St. Patrick's Day . The parade, which was founded in 1979, was at one time said to be the largest Irish neighborhood St. Patrick's celebration in the world outside of Dublin , Ireland , and was—until being scaled back in 2012—actually larger than Chicago's other St. Patrick's Day parade in the Loop. The South Side parade became such an event that it
1121-456: The Chicago Imagists . Music in Chicago flourished, with musicians bringing blues and gospel influences up from the South and creating a Chicago sound in blues and jazz that the city is still renowned for. The South Side was known for its R&B acts and the city as a while had successful rock acts. Many major and independent record companies had a presence in Chicago. In 1948, Blues
1180-610: The Chicago Landmark KAM Isaiah Israel . The Southwest Side's ethnic makeup also includes the largest concentration of Gorals ( Carpathian highlanders) outside of Europe; it is the location of the Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America . A large Mexican-American population resides in Little Village (South Lawndale) and areas south of 99th Street. The South Side Irish Parade occurs in
1239-596: The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 . Since the late 20th century, Latin American (predominantly Mexican ) immigrants and their descendants have moved into the area. Canaryville is now largely both Irish and Mexican. Canaryville's name may refer to the sparrows who fed in the stockyards and railroad cars in the late 1800s. The name may also refer to white youth gangs in the neighborhood from the early 1900s, who were known as "wild canaries". The New City community area supported
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#17330849610421298-534: The Chicago Transit Authority , it hosts Midway International Airport , and includes several Metra rail commuter lines. There are portions of the U.S. Interstate Highway System and also national highways such as Lake Shore Drive . There is some debate as to the South Side's boundaries. Originally the sides were taken from the banks of the Chicago River. The city's address numbering system uses
1357-517: The Museum of Science and Industry , located in the Palace of Fine Arts, one of the few remaining buildings from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition , which was hosted in South Side. The South Side is the residence of other prominent black leaders such as Jesse Jackson and Louis Farrakhan . It is also where U.S. Congressman Bobby Rush , a former Black Panther leader, serves. The South Side has been
1416-914: The Near South Side immediately adjacent. Another definition, taking into account that much of the Near South Side is in effect part of the commercial district extending in an unbroken line from the South Loop, locates the boundary immediately south of 18th Street or Cermak Road , where Chinatown in the Armour Square community area begins. Lake Michigan and the Indiana state line provide eastern boundaries. The southern border changed over time because of Chicago's evolving city limits. The city limits are now at 138th Street, in Riverdale and Hegewisch . The South Side
1475-552: The River Oaks Center . In the South Deering neighborhood, CTA bus route 71 runs along Torrence Avenue from 112th Street, where it begins/ends, to 104th Street. CTA bus routes J14, 26, and 100 all run within a short segment of Torrence Avenue between 106th Street and 100th Street. South Side, Chicago The South Side is one of the three major sections of the city of Chicago , Illinois, United States. Geographically, it
1534-509: The post–World War II years. Historically, Canaryville was a largely Irish American neighborhood, starting Irish immigrants escaping the Great Famine in the mid-19th century. They were deeply entrenched in the neighborhood, considering it their territory, and attempted to defend it against later arrivals of all races –including non-Irish White , Black , Hispanic , and Asian people. Its Irish gangs were active in attacks on Black people in
1593-465: The 1940s. Other four-year educational institutions there are the Illinois Institute of Technology , St. Xavier University , Chicago State University , Illinois College of Optometry and Shimer College . The South Side also hosts community colleges such as Olive-Harvey College , Kennedy-King College and Richard J. Daley College . Chicago Public Schools operates the public schools on
1652-500: The 1970s and 1980s. In the late 20th century, the South Side had some of the poorest housing conditions in the U.S., but the Chicago Housing Authority (CHA) began replacing the old high-rise public housing with mixed-income , lower-density developments, part of the city's Plan for Transformation. Many of the CHA's massive public housing projects, which lined several miles of South State Street, have been demolished. Among
1711-465: The 1970s gangs returned to violence and the drug trade. By 2000, traditionally all-male gangs crossed gender lines to include about 20% females. By the 1930s, the city of Chicago boasted that over 25% of its residential structures were less than 10 years old, many of which were bungalows . These continued to be built in the working-class South Side into the 1960s. Studio apartments , with Murphy beds and kitchenettes or Pullman kitchens , comprised
1770-429: The Back of the Yards as a model for other depressed neighborhoods to follow to upgrade their communities. Some time after the 1970s, when the stockyard operations closed and the number of nearby jobs decreased, many people left to move to newer housing and work in the suburbs. The population of the neighborhood gradually reflected a new wave of settlement, predominantly Mexican-American . The Canaryville neighborhood
1829-606: The Bronzeville neighborhood, through the main portion of the South Side. Neighborhood rehabilitation, and in some cases, gentrification, can be seen in parts of Washington Park , Woodlawn (#42) and Bronzeville, as well as in Bridgeport and McKinley Park. Historic Pullman 's redevelopment is another example of a work in progress. Chinatown is located on the South Side and has seen a surge in growth. It has become an increasingly popular destination for both tourists and locals alike and
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1888-515: The Dan Ryan divided Daley's own neighborhood, the traditionally Irish Bridgeport, from Bronzeville. The economic conditions that led to migration into the South Side were not sustained. Mid-century industrial restructuring in meat packing and the steel industry cost many jobs. Blacks who became educated and achieved middle-class jobs also left after the Civil Rights Movement to other parts of
1947-688: The South Side as exhibited by Hansberry v. Lee , 311 U.S. 32 (1940). President Obama announced in 2015 that the Barack Obama Presidential Center would be built adjacent the University of Chicago campus. Both Washington Park and Jackson Park were considered and it was announced in July 2016 that it would be built in Jackson Park. The South Side is served by mass transit as well as roads and highways. Midway International Airport
2006-458: The South Side can generally be divided into a White and Hispanic Southwest Side, a largely Black South Side and a smaller, more racially diverse Southeast Side centered on the East Side community area and including the adjacent community areas of South Chicago , South Deering and Hegewisch . The differing interpretations of the boundary between the South and Southwest Sides are due to a lack of
2065-609: The South Side such as Hansberry v. Lee , 311 U.S. 32 (1940), went to the U. S. Supreme Court . The case, which reset the limitations of res judicata , successfully challenged racial restrictions in the Washington Park Subdivision by reopening them for legal argument. Blacks resided in Bronzeville (around 35th and State Streets) in an area called "the Black Belt". After World War II , blacks spread across
2124-628: The South Side to rest of the city. The South Side is served by the Red , Green and Orange lines of the CTA and the Rock Island District , Metra Electric and South Shore Metra lines and a few stops on the SouthWest Service Metra line. Standard local metropolitan bus service and CTA express service bus routes provide service to the Loop. Chicago's African American community, concentrated on
2183-546: The South Side's Bridgeport community area, which also produced two other Chicago Mayors. University of Chicago Lab School , affiliated with the University of Chicago, is a private school located there. The South Side is home to many official landmarks and other notable buildings and structures. It hosts three of the four Chicago Registered Historic Places from the original October 15, 1966 National Register of Historic Places list ( Chicago Pile-1 , Robie House and Lorado Taft Midway Studios ). One Museum Park , which
2242-421: The South Side, descendants of earlier immigrants, such as ethnic Irish, began to move out. Later housing pressures and civic unrest caused more whites to leave the area and the city. Older residents of means moved to newer suburban housing as new migrants entered the city, driving further demographic changes. The South Side was racially segregated for many decades. During the 1920s and 1930s, housing cases on
2301-556: The South Side, experienced an artistic movement from the 1930s until the 1960s. The movement was concentrated in and around the Hyde Park community area. Prominent writers and artists included Gwendolyn Brooks , Margaret Burroughs , Elizabeth Catlett , Eldzier Cortor , Gordon Parks , and Richard Wright . Other Chicago Black Renaissance artists included Willard Motley , William Attaway , Frank Marshall Davis , and Margaret Walker . St. Clair Drake and Horace R. Cayton represented
2360-456: The South Side, including DuSable High School , Simeon Career Academy , John Hope College Prep High School and Phillips Academy High School . The De La Salle Institute , located in the Douglas community area across the street from Chicago Police Department headquarters, has taught five Chicago Mayors : Richard J. Daley , Michael A. Bilandic , Martin H. Kennelly , Frank J. Corr and Richard M. Daley . Three of these mayors hail from
2419-501: The South Side; its center, east, and western portions. The Black Belt arose from discriminatory real estate practices by whites against blacks and other racial groups. In the early 1960s, during the tenure of then Mayor Richard J. Daley , the construction of the Dan Ryan Expressway created controversy. Many perceived the highway's location as an intentional physical barrier between white and black neighborhoods, particularly as
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2478-424: The Southwest Side exclusively, the northern portion has a high concentration of Hispanics, the western portion has a high concentration of whites, and the eastern portion has a high concentration of blacks. Architecturally, the Southwest Side is distinguished by the tract of Chicago's Bungalow Belt, which runs through it. Archer Heights , a Polish enclave along Archer Avenue , which leads toward Midway Airport ,
2537-642: The Yards , Bridgeport , and Pullman host more blue collar and middle-class residents, while Hyde Park , the Jackson Park Highlands District , Kenwood , Beverly , Mount Greenwood , and west Morgan Park range from middle class to more affluent residents. The South Side boasts a broad array of cultural and social offerings, such as professional sports teams, landmark buildings, museums, educational institutions, medical institutions, beaches, and major parts of Chicago's parks system. The South Side has numerous bus routes and 'L' train lines via
2596-477: The Yards. The area was home to the famous Union Stock Yards from 1865 until it closed in 1971, and the International Amphitheatre from 1934 until it was demolished in 1999. Back of the Yards is an industrial and residential neighborhood so named because it was near the former Union Stock Yards , which employed thousands of European immigrants in the early 20th century. Life in this neighborhood
2655-474: The city of Chicago . Torrence Avenue continues north until 9500 South, where it ends at a cul-de-sac just south of 95th Street (US 12/US 20). Pace bus route 358 runs along Torrence Avenue for the majority of its route; route 358 runs from a bus terminal in Chicago Heights to Hegewisch station . Pace bus routes 353 and 364 briefly run along Torrence Avenue to wrap around a shopping mall west of
2714-461: The city south of the main branch of the Chicago River, but it now excludes the Loop. The South Side has a varied ethnic composition and a great variety of income levels and other demographic measures. It has a reputation for crime, although most crime is contained within certain neighborhoods, not throughout the South Side itself, and residents range from affluent to middle class to poor. South Side neighborhoods such as Armour Square , Back of
2773-503: The city's conference business with various convention centers . The current McCormick Place Convention Center is the largest convention center in the U.S. and the third largest in the world. Previously, the South Side hosted conventions at the Chicago Coliseum and the International Amphitheatre . The Ford City Mall and the surrounding shopping district includes several big-box retailers . The South Side has been home to some of
2832-546: The city. Street gangs have been prominent in some South Side neighborhoods for over a century, beginning with those of Irish immigrants, who established the first territories in a struggle against other European and black migrants. Some other neighborhoods stayed relatively safe for a big city. By the 1960s, gangs such as the Vice Lords began to improve their public image, shifting from criminal ventures to operating social programs funded by government and private grants. However, in
2891-404: The first black Mayor of Chicago , as well as groundbreaking Congressman William L. Dawson , achieved political success from the South Side. The University of Chicago is one of the world's leading universities, counting 97 affiliated Nobel laureates . At Chicago Pile-1 at the university, the first self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction was achieved under the direction of Enrico Fermi in
2950-677: The largest were the Robert Taylor Homes . Some census tracts (4904 in Roseland , 7106 in Auburn Gresham ) are 99% black. The South Side covers over 50% of the city's land area alone. It has a higher ratio of single-family homes and larger sections zoned for industry than the North or West Sides. Hyde Park is home to the University of Chicago , as well as the South Side's largest Jewish population, centered on Chicago's oldest synagogue ,
3009-565: The local park director Joseph Meegan organized the Back of the Yards Neighborhood Council, where Alinsky first developed the method of community organizing . The prerequisites of this successful attempt to bring together community leaders from different national Catholic churches, business, and labor were the Great Depression and the labor organizing work of the Packinghouse Workers Organizing Committee ,
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#17330849610423068-414: The most significant figures in the history of American politics. These include Richard J. Daley and his son, Richard M. Daley ; the first black U.S. President , Barack Obama and former first lady Michelle Obama ; the first black female U.S. Senator , Carol Moseley Braun ; and the first black presidential candidate to win a primary, Jesse Jackson . Before them, Harold Washington , a Congressman and
3127-463: The new wave of intellectual expression in literature by depicting the culture of the urban ghetto rather than the culture of blacks in the South in the monograph Black Metropolis . In 1961, Burroughs founded the DuSable Museum of African American History . By the late 1960s the South Side had a robost art movement led by Jim Nutt , Gladys Nilsson , Karl Wirsum and others, who became known as
3186-542: The numbers expanded with the Great Migration , as blacks left the agrarian South seeking a better future in the industrial North, including the South Side. By 1910, the black population in Chicago reached 40,000, with 78% residing in the Black Belt. Extending 30 blocks, mostly between 31st and 55th Streets, along State Street , but only a few blocks wide, it developed into a vibrant community dominated by black businesses, music, food and culture. As more blacks moved into
3245-441: The phrase: "The Union Stock Yard, Chicago is ..." The Union Stock Yard Gate marking the old entrance to stockyards was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 24, 1972, and a National Historic Landmark on May 29, 1981. Other South Side regions have been known for great wealth, such as Prairie Avenue . 21st century redevelopment includes One Museum Park and One Museum Park West . The South Side accommodates much of
3304-543: The road goes north until ending just south of 95th Street ( U.S. Route 12 (US 12) and US 20 ). The road carries Illinois Route 83 (IL 83) from Glenwood Dyer Road in Lynwood to Sibley Boulevard in Calumet City , as well as carrying US 6 from the Kingery Expressway to 159th Street . Torrence Avenue begins at Richton Road in Crete . It continues in the north-northeast direction for just under
3363-526: Was broadcast on Chicago's CBS affiliate . Following the 2009 parade, organizers stated the group was "not planning to stage a parade in its present form". The parade was cancelled in 2010 and 2011 before being revived with more strict security and law enforcement. The Bud Billiken Parade and Picnic , the second largest parade in the U.S. and the nation's largest black parade, runs annually on Martin Luther King Drive between 31st and 51st Streets in
3422-460: Was explored in Upton Sinclair 's 1906 novel The Jungle . The area was formerly part of the town of Lake until it was annexed by Chicago in 1889. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the area was occupied largely by Eastern European immigrants and their descendants, who were predominantly ethnic Lithuanian, Bohemian , Moravian , and Slovak . In 1939, the activist Saul Alinsky and
3481-424: Was introduced by Aristocrat Records (later Chess Records ). Muddy Waters and Chess Records quickly followed with Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Walter , Jimmy Rogers , and Howlin' Wolf . New City, Chicago New City is one of Chicago's 77 official community areas , located on the southwest side of the city in the South Side district. It contains the neighborhoods of Canaryville and Back of
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