117-409: The Toronto–York Spadina subway extension ( TYSSE ) is an extension of the Toronto subway 's Line 1 Yonge–University which opened on December 17, 2017. It runs 8.6 kilometres (5.3 mi) northwest from the line's previous terminus at Sheppard West station serving six new stations and terminating at Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station near Jane Street and Highway 7 in Vaughan . The TYSSE
234-458: A Twitter account, with Twitter's Canadian operations sponsoring the TConnect Wi-Fi network. Users of the network could sign in to enable an automatic Wi-Fi connection for 30 days. This arrangement was resumed on an optional basis from July 2016 to early December 2016. By August 2017, Wi-Fi was available at all existing stations and would be available in all future stations. On June 17, 2015,
351-556: A transit-oriented city centre at Vaughan Metropolitan Centre . Vaughan Councillor Alan Shefman stated the new city centre will eventually create the density to justify a subway. To this end, Vaughan Mayor Maurizio Bevilacqua worked with a developer to build several high-rise buildings near Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station; however, as of December 2017, the area still mainly consisted of big box stores, low rise commercial buildings and parking lots. By 2023, however, several high-density residential towers were scheduled to be completed in
468-763: A "Cleaning Blitz" that would add 30 new temporary cleaners for the latter part of 2010 to address major issues and has other action plans that include more full-time cleaners, and new and more effective ways at addressing station cleanliness. The TTC implemented stricter cleanliness protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic . According to a 1991 CBC report, "aesthetics weren't really a priority" on Toronto's subway system, describing stations as "a series of bathrooms without plumbing". Since that time, Toronto's subway system has had over 40 pieces installed in various subway stations. More art appeared as new stations were built and older ones were renovated. In 2004, USA Today said of
585-824: A 58 percent cost recovery compared to 70 percent for the TTC system as a whole. These costs, including those for the portion in Vaughan, will be covered by the TTC and the City of Toronto. In 2016, the expected net cost to run the extension was revised to $ 30 million. According to a 2008 memo of understanding between York Region and the City of Toronto: Although Highway 407 and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations are located in Vaughan (within York Region) outside Toronto city limits, regular Toronto TTC fares are charged when entering or exiting these stations to simplify fare collection. This practice
702-500: A comparison, the average speed of the heavy-rail Line 2 Bloor–Danforth is 32 kilometres per hour (20 mph). The Eglinton line originated from Transit City , a plan sponsored by then–Toronto mayor David Miller , to expedite transit improvement by building several light rail lines through the lower density parts of the city. Of the light rail lines proposed, only the Eglinton and Finch West lines are under construction as of 2022 . Line 5
819-407: A daily usage of 14,800. However, the average daily usage of all TTC subway stations is a little more than 34,000, which means that aside from York University station, all stations belonging to the extension are still seeing well below average usage. TTC ridership information from 2023 to 2024 showed that the average number of boardings per day was 5,600 at Downsview Park and 7,600 at Highway 407. This
936-439: A mammoth manner. Saravana Stores operating format is said to be the inspiration for Big Bazaar's Kishore Biyani. Similarly, conglomerates, such as Raheja's, Future Group, Bharti, Godrej, Reliance, and TATA, have over the last decade ventured into large-format retail chains. However, most of the stores opened in large malls and not as independent big-box format stores, even though small and medium enterprises (SMEs) still account for
1053-548: A second rapid transit line through the Financial District and downtown core. Although a subway line along Queen Street was first proposed in the early 1900s , the Downtown Relief Line was first proposed in the mid-1980s. The Ontario Line project extends further west and north than previous proposals to serve more of the city. The line is scheduled for completion in 2031 at a cost of $ 17 to $ 19 billion. Upon opening,
1170-491: A specific range, such as hardware , books , furniture or consumer electronics , respectively. In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, many traditional retailers and supermarket chains that typically operate in smaller buildings, such as Tesco and Praktiker , opened stores in the big-box-store format in an effort to compete with big-box chains, which are expanding internationally as their home markets reach maturity. The store may sell general dry goods , in which case it
1287-508: A station design philosophy in 2009. This included integrated design by architects, public art and stations to meet Toronto Green Standards. Consultations on the detailed design of stations took place in 2009 and 2010. Greg Sorbara , former deputy premier of Ontario and finance minister, was a key promoter of the TYSSE to York University and into York Region, in which his riding was based. In his memoirs, he said that "it would not only be great for
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#17330855662541404-450: A station. From the subway's inception in 1954 to 1991, the train guard notified patrons that the subway car doors were closing with two short blasts from a whistle . With one-person train operation (OPTO), one person operates the train as well as the doors. The TTC notes that modern technology now allows one person to safely operate the train and close the doors, and that OPTO is in use in many major cities with large subway systems such as
1521-637: A store in suburban Perth . IKEA began operation in Australia in 1975. Bunnings followed in 1995 and Mitre 10 adopted the model with the "Mitre 10 Mega" stores first opening at Beenleigh , Queensland in 2004. Costco has since expanded across Australia since opening its first store in 2009. Apart from major American big-box stores such as Walmart Canada and briefly now-defunct Target Canada , there are many retail chains operating exclusively in Canada. These include stores such as (followed after each slash by
1638-689: A technical sense, the ridership or not, it's a philosophical decision the city has made and society has made. People like subways." York Region, in their 2022 Transportation Master Plan, proposed further extensions of Line 1 on both the University and Yonge legs. One proposal was to extend Line 1 along Jane Street from Vaughan Metropolitan Centre station north to Major Mackenzie Drive West (adjacent to Cortellucci Vaughan Hospital and just north of Canada's Wonderland amusement park), with possible intermediate stations at Rutherford Road (adjacent to Vaughan Mills shopping mall) and Langstaff Road. The other proposal
1755-404: A train has entered a station. On TTC's Line 2, several symbols of different colours are installed on the station wall for the crew to use as a reference in positioning the train in the platform. A red circle, located at the train exit end of the platform, should be directly in front of the train operator's cab window when the train is aligned properly. A green triangle, located at the opposite end of
1872-518: Is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario , Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). The subway system is a rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail lines operating predominantly underground. As of October 2024, three new lines are under construction: two light rail lines (one running mostly underground,
1989-556: Is a general merchandise retailer (however, traditional department stores , as the predecessor format, are generally not classified as "big box"), or may be limited to a particular specialty (such establishments are often called " category killers "), or may also sell groceries, in which case some countries (mostly in Europe ) use the term hypermarket . In the U.S., there is no specific term for general merchandisers who also sell groceries. Both Target and Walmart offer groceries in most branches in
2106-484: Is a terminal station" where applicable. As of 2015 , they also announce, except at terminus stations, which side the train doors will open on at each stop based on the direction of train travel. Switches and power rails are vulnerable to malfunction under extreme winter conditions such as heavy snow or freezing rain. During such events, the TTC runs "storm trains" overnight along subway lines to keep power rails clear of ice. The TTC also has trains to apply an anti-freeze to
2223-465: Is approximately double compared to 2018 but still well below the Toronto subway average. Ridership at the other four stations on the extension ranged between 16,600 and 20,400, which is near the system median of 19,700. The busiest stations on the extension are York University and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, with around 20,400 daily riders. Vaughan plans to use the subway extension to spur the development of
2340-474: Is first required to insert and turn a key. This action provides system control to the door control panel. The doors are then opened by pushing buttons. After the doors are opened, the guard is required to stick their head out the cab window to observe passengers boarding and exiting. The train doors remain open for at least 15 seconds. When the guard determines that boarding is complete, the doors are closed. Electronic chimes and flashing lights are turned on, then
2457-424: Is generally four to five lanes wide. From east of Brentcliffe Road to Kennedy station, the line will operate on the surface in a reserved median in the middle of Eglinton Avenue, where the street is at least six lanes wide. Building on the surface instead of tunnelling reduces the cost of construction on the eastern end of the line. The average speed of the line is expected to be 28 kilometres per hour (17 mph); as
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#17330855662542574-498: Is in contrast to TTC-operated bus routes that cross the Toronto–York boundary at Steeles Avenue, where a second fare is charged. However, an additional fare is required for those paying by cash when transferring between the subway and suburban transit service providers, such as York Region Transit (YRT), at these stations, as is the case when transferring to other suburban transit services at stations within or bordering Toronto. This
2691-620: Is similar to the policy in 1968, when five subway stations opened outside the pre-1998 Toronto city limits in what was the TTC's "Zone 2" area at the time but no extra Zone 2 fare was required to reach those stations, whereas extra fare was charged to connect with suburban TTC bus routes in the boroughs of Metropolitan Toronto . Since February 26, 2024, free transfers between the TTC and all other GTA transit services (or discounted transfers with fare-by-distance GO Transit ), have been available for customers paying by Presto cards or contactless credit or debit cards. The TYSSE stations were among
2808-465: Is worth noting that these numbers were recorded during York University 's strike, leading to fewer passengers at Pioneer Village and York University. Downsview Park and Highway 407, despite both having direct connections to GO Transit, saw some of the worst ridership numbers in the entire subway system, with 2,000 daily customers at Downsview Park and 2,900 at Highway 407. Since the opening of the extension to Vaughan, Downsview Park has replaced Bessarion as
2925-509: The 2015 Pan American Games , the extension went overbudget and opened two years after originally planned. The new stations were among the first to eliminate collector booths and Toronto TTC fares are charged at the Vaughan stations. Upon opening, most stations on the extension saw below average ridership compared to the rest of the subway system. Line 1 Yonge–University (initially running almost exclusively along Yonge Street ) opened in 1954 and has been extended several times. The first section of
3042-720: The London Underground , the Paris Metro , the Chicago "L" and the Montreal Metro . Initially, all the heavy-rail subway lines (1, 2 and 4) used two-person train operation. On October 9, 2016, Line 4 Sheppard was converted to OPTO. On August 1, 2021, the TTC tested OPTO on a portion of Line 1 on Sundays only. Effective November 21, 2021, the TTC introduced OPTO seven days per week on Line 1 between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and St. George stations. Between St. George and Finch stations,
3159-654: The Russell Hill accident , on the Yonge–University line south of St. Clair West station . Halfway between St. Clair West and Dupont stations , a southbound Line 1 subway train hit the rear of a stationary train ahead of it. Three people died and 100 other people were injured, some of them seriously. This led to a major reorganization at the TTC, with more focus on maintaining a "state of good repair" (i.e., an increased emphasis on safety and maintenance of existing TTC capital/services) and less on expansion. On July 24, 2023,
3276-479: The Sheppard subway line : "Despite the remarkable engineering feats of this metro, known as Sheppard Subway, [it is] the art covering walls, ceilings, and platforms of all five stations that stands out. Each station is 'a total art experience where artists have created imaginative environments, uniquely expressing themes of community, location, and heritage' through panoramic landscapes and ceramic wall murals." In 2012,
3393-774: The third rail which provides power to trains was turned on for the first time, with the first test train running on the extension in April. In May 2017, Downsview station was renamed Sheppard West in preparation for the opening of the new Downsview Park station . In September 2017, Byford announced that the extension would open in December 2017, with the TTC running "ghost trains" to test the extension from November. The extension opened on December 17, 2017, with an opening ceremony attended by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau , Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne and Mayor of Toronto John Tory . In addition to
3510-507: The 1990s. The Toronto Rocket trains use the same door chimes and flashing orange lights as the older trains do, and also plays the additional voice announcement, "Please stand clear of the doors". Those chimes have become synonymous with the TTC and Toronto in general to the point that the CBC Radio One local afternoon show, Here and Now , includes them in its theme music . There are several basic procedures that need to be completed once
3627-568: The Bloor–Danforth subway (opened in 1966) at the double-deck St. George station . In 1974, the Yonge Street portion of the line was extended from Eglinton station north to Finch station. The Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George station initially to Wilson station in 1978, and in 1996 to Downsview station, renamed Sheppard West in 2017. Part of the Spadina segment runs in
Toronto–York Spadina subway extension - Misplaced Pages Continue
3744-569: The TTC and operated by the Toronto Parking Authority . At Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, SmartCentres built a 900-space parking lot to serve the extension. Stations on the extension (in keeping with the pattern of the original Spadina line) feature distinct station architecture and public art. TTC and City policy requires one percent of the budget to be spent on public art . However, the platform walls have no tiles or other cladding and are simply bare concrete, though structural elements on
3861-628: The TTC announced that Wind Mobile (later rebranded Freedom Mobile ) customers would be able to access cellular connectivity at some TTC subway stations. Service was initially between Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations on Line 1, and between Bloor–Yonge and Spadina stations on Line 2. Other carriers declined to use the BAI cellular system because of the price BAI was asking for access. In April 2023, Rogers Communications took over BAI Communications and honoured existing access to Freedom Mobile customers. In August 2023, Rogers implemented 5G wireless service at all
3978-487: The TTC awarded a contract to BAI Communications Canada to design, build and maintain a celular and Wi-Fi system along Toronto subway lines. BAI agreed to pay $ 25 million to the TTC over a 20-year period for the exclusive rights to provide the service. BAI in turn would sell access to the cellular system to other carriers. On December 13, 2013, Wi-Fi Internet access was launched at Bloor–Yonge and St. George stations. The ad-supported service (branded as "TConnect")
4095-533: The TTC continued using two-person train operation until the full conversion of the line to OPTO on November 20, 2022. From its opening in 1985 to its close in 2023, trains on Line 3 Scarborough were operated by one person. According to a 2020 survey conducted by the Amalgamated Transit Union Local 113 , two-thirds of Torontonians surveyed opposed the TTC's plan to eliminate the train guard on Line 1, and three-quarters of Torontonians disapproved of
4212-508: The TTC if it did not. This line was never extended, and in July 2023, the line was shut down pending its dismantling due to a derailment that resulted in injuries. It is set to be replaced with an extension of Line 2 to Sheppard Avenue and McCowan Road via Scarborough Town Centre . Opened in 2002, the Sheppard subway runs under Sheppard Avenue from Sheppard–Yonge station to Don Mills station. The line
4329-400: The TTC network. Throughout 2017 and into mid-2018, the remaining subway station entrances that still use legacy turnstiles (which were retrofitted with Presto readers between 2010 and 2015) and the "floor-to-ceiling" revolving turnstiles (found in automatic/secondary entrances, which do not have Presto readers on them) were replaced by the new Presto-equipped "glass-paddle" fare gates. Most of
4446-552: The TTC operated an elevated light metro service: Canada's first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres (4.6 mi). The line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line , Canada's first streetcar line. In 1963, the line was extended northwards from Union station under University Avenue to Bloor Street, where it would later connect with
4563-484: The TTC replaced all Line 3 trains with 25 buses. To keep switches in the yards from freezing, crews use switch heaters and manually monitor them to ensure they stay in working order during winter storms. Workcars are run as storm trains within the yards to prevent ice from building up on the power rails. The TTC stores subway trains in tunnels along main lines rather than in exterior yards. The Toronto subway has 70 stations across three lines. Most stations are named for
4680-399: The TTC's downtown stations and within the tunnels between them. In September 2023, the federal government imposed new licence conditions requiring that cellphone and data services be available on the entire subway network by the end of 2026 and that all carriers, including Telus and Bell , were to have access to it. On October 2, 2023, Bell and Telus offered its cellular customers access to
4797-454: The Toronto subway system was built before wheelchair access was a requirement under the Ontarians with Disabilities Act (ODA). However, all subway stations built since 1996 are equipped with elevators, and seventy percent (56 of 75) of Toronto's subway stations are now accessible following upgrade works to add elevators, wide fare gates, and access doors to the station, including the stations on
Toronto–York Spadina subway extension - Misplaced Pages Continue
4914-979: The U.S. Big-box stores are often clustered in shopping centers, which are typically called retail parks in the United Kingdom. In the United States, when they range in size from 250,000 square feet (23,000 m ) to 600,000 square feet (56,000 m ), they are often referred to as power centers . In Australia, the retail category is known as "large format retail", encompasses bulky goods showrooms and more specialised retail categories within service or Highway commercial type land use zones. In 1969, Kmart Australia opened its first five Big-box type stores across Australia. The first opened in Burwood East , Melbourne in April, followed by Blacktown in Greater Western Sydney , two stores in suburban Adelaide and
5031-459: The Vaughan municipal elections to extend the subway system to the proposed Highway 407 corridor . In 1989, a proposal was put forward as part of the Network 2011 plan to construct a loop to join the Spadina and Yonge branches along the hydro corridor north of Finch Avenue to Finch station , where the Yonge branch terminates. However, officials from York University and York Region lobbied for
5148-466: The area. As a precedent, the Sheppard subway shows that while a subway may spur development, that development may not result into a high subway ridership. The Toronto Star stated that commuter destinations may be scattered throughout the Greater Toronto Area where public transit is inconvenient to use. Outgoing TTC CEO Andy Byford said: "People say '[build] there and they will come.' I think
5265-403: The automated announcement "please stand clear of the doors" is played over the train's public address system , and finally the doors are closed. The chimes provide a clear notification and warning to passengers that the doors are closing and are played before the automated announcement is played, because such announcements may not be heard when the station is crowded. After the doors are closed,
5382-405: The big-box variety, selling big screen TVs, computers, mobile phones, bicycles, and clothing. Many foreign names appear, such as Carrefour , Auchan , Tesco , Lotte Mart , and Walmart , as well as dozens of Chinese chains. Most stores are three stories with moving sidewalk-style escalators. Some stores are so large as to have 60 checkout terminals and their own fleet of buses to bring customers to
5499-511: The campus, but was opposed by the university, which felt it would lessen government willingness to extend the subway. After numerous delays, construction on the York University Busway started on July 25, 2008, with a short section of the busway opened on September 6, 2009 and the remainder opened on November 20, 2009. The estimated cost was $ 2.09 billion in 2006, which have been escalated to $ 2.63 billion considering costs at
5616-446: The city of Hyderabad, and subsequently, in the city of Navi Mumbai. In Ireland , large merchandise stores in the style of U.S. superstores were not a part of the retail sector until the late 20th century. Dunnes Stores have traditionally had a supermarket-plus-household-and-clothes model and now have some large stores. Tesco Ireland now runs upwards of 19 hypermarkets across the country. The big-box phenomenon hit New Zealand in
5733-681: The closed Line 3 Scarborough. In 2021, the TTC planned to make all of its stations accessible by 2025. By comparison, the Montreal Metro plans for all stations to be accessible by 2038, the Chicago "L" plans for all stations to be accessible in the 2030s, and the New York City Subway plans for 95 percent of stations to be accessible by 2055. All TTC trains offer level boarding for customers with wheelchairs and other accessibility needs, with priority seating and dedicated wheelchair areas onboard each train. The May 2010 TTC cleanliness audit of subway stations found that none of them meets
5850-422: The construction. This bypassed the tendering process usually used to hire contractors. The extension would open two years later than originally planned, in 2017. In January 2016, it was announced that the project was $ 400 million over budget, to a total cost of $ 3.2 billion. In June 2016, trackwork was completed, with a ceremony attended by Premier of Ontario Kathleen Wynne and other dignitaries. In spring 2017,
5967-717: The damaging competition that a large Walmart penetration would inflict on Canadian-based retailers. In the early 21st century, commercial developers in Canada such as RioCan chose to build big-box stores (often grouped together in so-called " power centres ") in lieu of traditional shopping malls . Examples include Deerfoot Meadows ( Calgary ), Stonegate Shopping Centre and Preston Crossing ( Saskatoon ), South Edmonton Common ( Edmonton ), and Heartland Town Centre ( Mississauga ). There are currently more than 300 power centres, which usually contain multiple big-box stores, located throughout Canada. Most large grocery stores in China are of
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#17330855662546084-612: The employees of such stores are usually not unionized. Unions such as the United Food and Commercial Workers Local 770 and the Joint Labor Management Committee of the Retail Food Industry have expressed concern about the grocery market because stores such as Kmart , Target , and Walmart now sell groceries. Unions and cities sometimes attempt to use land-use ordinances to restrict these businesses. Because it
6201-408: The ends of the line as there were no intermediate crossovers between the two termini. Thus, no short turns on Line 3 were possible. The heavy-rail subway lines use either a one- or two-person crew. With two-person train operation, an on-board train guard at the rear of the train is responsible for opening and closing the subway car doors and making sure no one is trapped in a door as the train leaves
6318-446: The entire length of their line from terminus to terminus. Nearly all stations outside the central business district have terminals for local TTC bus routes and streetcar routes situated within their fare-paid areas. All regular TTC bus and streetcar routes permit free transfers both to and from connecting subway lines. By December 23, 2016, Presto card readers had been installed in at least one priority subway station entrance across
6435-570: The extension began on June 17, 2011 and was completed on November 8, 2013. The TTC later reported that 1,400,000 cubic metres (49,000,000 cu ft) of material had been excavated, with over 54,000 concrete tunnel segments installed. In November 2014, the TTC indicated that the 2016 opening date would likely be missed, following poor performance by some contractors, death of a worker at the York University station site and harsh winter weather . In March 2015, TTC CEO Andy Byford announced that
6552-530: The extension, with the caveat that the line would also be extended to serve the future Vaughan Metropolitan Centre. At the time, the area around the mostly vacant VMC site was occupied by big-box stores and freeways , and lacked the dense development that surrounds most other subway stations. The preferred alignment and placement for the two stations in York Region was finalized in 2008. The TTC board approved design principles for stations in 2006, before approving
6669-455: The fact that the public was not consulted when train guards were removed from Line 4's daily operations in 2016, citing safety concerns, among other issues, as key reasons motivating their response. In 1991, as a result of lawsuits, electronic chimes, in the form of a descending arpeggiated major triad and a flashing pair of orange lights above the doorway, added for the hearing impaired, were tested and gradually introduced system-wide during
6786-447: The first to eliminate staffed fare collector booths, along with the sales of TTC's legacy fare media products – such as tokens – in favour of the Presto card . As a result, these stations opened with roaming customer service attendants, although collector booths had been installed per station plans. Collector-booth closures at more stations along the west branch of
6903-406: The future, thus replacing the proposed Sheppard East LRT. Line 4 Sheppard is also the only subway line in Toronto not to have any open sections. Metrolinx is funding the 19-kilometre (12 mi) Line 5 Eglinton, a light rail line along Eglinton Avenue . From Mount Dennis in the west to Brentcliffe Road (east of Laird Drive), the line will run almost entirely underground where Eglinton Avenue
7020-501: The global concept of a hypermarket , although they do not always have a grocery section, and the term "hypermarket" is not in common use in the United States. "Discount store," "megastore," and "superstore" are sometimes used in addition to the industry term "general merchandise retailer." The category began in 1931, when Fred G. Meyer opened what he called a "one-stop shopping center" in Northeast Portland, Oregon. Meyer's format
7137-425: The guard provides a signal to the train operator that the train can proceed. The signal is in the form of a green light that turns on inside the operating cab. When the doors are closed, a light turns on in the operating cab. The guard is instructed to visually observe the platform while the train departs the station. The distance for this visual inspection is typically three car lengths. An orange triangle installed on
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#17330855662547254-757: The large out-of-town supermarkets which have waned in popularity. The term "big-box store" is not used in the UK. "Superstore" is sometimes used, but with a slightly different meaning: on road signs it means "large supermarket"; in self-service shop names it denotes an outlet larger than that particular chain's usual size. In the United States , some big-box stores may specialize in categories of merchandise (" category killer "), such as Best Buy in electronics and appliances and Kohl's , Burlington , and Nordstrom Rack in apparel and home furnishings. Big-box general merchandise retailers such as Target and Walmart are similar to
7371-622: The largest superstore network in Hong Kong . The first Wellcome superstore opened in 2000 and it has only 17 superstores. In addition, CRC has four superstores in Hong Kong. Because Hong Kong is a very densely populated city, the sizes of superstores are considerably smaller than those in other countries. Some superstores are running at deficit, such as Chelsea Heights which therefore has stopped selling fresh fish . Furthermore, some ParknShop superstores and megastores, such as Fortress World, belong to
7488-636: The last car of a train on Line 3 Scarborough derailed south of Ellesmere station . There were 45 people on board, with five injuries reported. The TTC closed the line while the cause of the accident, which was not immediately apparent, was investigated. Though the TTC planned to close Line 3 in November 2023, it announced on August 24 that the line would not reopen. The heavy-rail subway lines were built in multiple segments with multiple crossovers . These are typically used for reversals at terminal stations, and allow arriving and departing trains to cross to and from
7605-704: The late 1980s, with the introduction of Kmart Australia and later the " Warehouse " superstore, a local company. Mitre 10 New Zealand opened their first Mega in 2004 at Hastings six months before the Australian Mega store; it opened to great success with 20 more stores opening within two years. Australian-owned Bunnings Warehouse opened its first store in New Zealand in 2006. In the United Kingdom , Makro and Costco membership-only warehouse club stores have been around for four decades. General merchandise shops along
7722-405: The least used subway station on the TTC. Statistics in late 2018 showed that ridership at Downsview Park increased to 2,500 customers per day and Highway 407 increased to 3,400. The busiest station on the extension is now York University, which has about 38,000 daily customers. Finch West and Pioneer Village both serve approximately 17,000 customers and the terminus, Vaughan Metropolitan Centre, has
7839-458: The likelihood of a similar incident occurring. On October 14, 1976, arson caused the destruction of four subway cars and damage to Christie station , resulting in the closure of part of the Bloor–Danforth line for three days, and the bypassing of Christie station for some time afterwards for repairs. On August 11, 1995, the TTC suffered the deadliest subway accident in Canadian history, known as
7956-498: The line 38.8 kilometres (24.1 mi) long, over five times its original length. Opened in 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway runs east–west under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue . It replaced the Bloor streetcar line (which also served Danforth Avenue). Initially, the subway line ran between Keele station and Woodbine station . In 1968, the line was extended west to Islington station and east to Warden station , and in 1980, it
8073-455: The line continued. In 2000, the City of Vaughan again lobbied for a subway extension to their municipality as they planned to build a new city core (today's Vaughan Metropolitan Centre ) at Highway 7 and Jane Street . This second lobbying effort was ultimately successful and led to the abandonment of the loop proposal. During the proposal stage of this plan, the TTC had concluded there were insufficient projected population densities to justify
8190-486: The line north of Steeles Avenue, with some of the new stations projected to be among those with the lowest ridership of the subway system. The preferred alignment and placement for four stations for the extension beyond Downsview station to Steeles (one station farther than what was planned in 1994) via York University were finalized in September 2005. In March 2006, the provincial government announced $ 670 million in funding for
8307-549: The line's western branch dates back to 1963 when an extension, named the University Subway, was built to curve north from Union Station below University Avenue and Queen's Park to near Bloor Street , where it turned west to terminate at St. George station at St. George and Bloor Streets. This extension opened on February 28 of that year. In 1978, a further eight-stop extension, dubbed the Spadina Subway, opened, bringing
8424-524: The line, moving south from the TYSSE stations, followed later. Early statistics published by CBC News report ridership numbers for three of six new stations on the TYSSE. In total, "57,100 riders boarded trains at the new stations during a week of service in May [2018]." Finch West station pulled the most riders for the month, with approximately 17,000 customers using the station daily (for comparison, Lansdowne station on Line 2 Bloor-Danforth has similar usage). It
8541-495: The lines of U.S. superstores are not a large part of the retail sector, but this has been changing in recent years, with the creation of extra-large supermarkets such as Tesco and Asda selling a broader range of non-food goods, typically in out-of-town shopping centres or retail parks. As in the US, such large shops are sometimes called anchor tenants . The growth of online retail and budget retail has led to these chains moving away from
8658-483: The loop to run through the university campus and along Steeles Avenue instead as they felt it would better suit commuters. In the early 1990s, the loop plan, known as the Yonge–Spadina Subway Loop Project, was discussed, with the option through York's campus being favoured. The western leg of the line would have been extended by three stations to York University in the first phase of the project while
8775-594: The majority of the daily consumer transaction needs. However, the most successful consumer retail chain that took the market and penetrated also to tier 2 and tier 3 cities was D Mart, owned by Avenue Supermarkets Limited. An attempt was made to allow international large format retailers such as Walmart into the country. However, it was successfully opposed by small retailers citing job elimination due to increased efficiency and lowered prices due to fewer losses and lower costs. Big-box format stores in India were opened by IKEA in
8892-479: The median of Allen Road – an expressway formerly known as the Spadina Expressway – and crosses over Highway 401 on overpasses. Six decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals (Finch and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations) and looping on its southern end at Union station . The latest extension from Sheppard West to Vaughan opened on December 17, 2017, making
9009-515: The most pressing need is to now focus on subway expansion where it's not so much that they will come, it's [that] there's already a demonstrable need." However, Globe and Mail columnists wrote in the context of the TYSSE: "But that advice will have to compete with the growing power of the suburbs, and the eagerness of Queen's Park to court them." Toronto city councillor and TTC commissioner Glenn De Baeremaeker said: "Whether [the subway], quote, merits on
9126-562: The nearest major arterial road crossed by the line in question. A few are named for major landmarks, such as shopping centres or transportation hubs, served by the station. The stations along the University Avenue section of Line 1 Yonge–University, in particular, are named entirely for landmarks and public institutions ( Museum , Queen's Park , and Osgoode ) and major churches ( St. Patrick and St. Andrew ). All trains, except for short turns, stop at every station along their route and run
9243-539: The newly enlarged population of customers with cars, being located in suburbs and surrounded by ample parking lots. They were enabled by the decline of laws which prevented large retailers from getting bulk discounts. Warehouse club stores are another category of big-box general merchandise stores, such as Sam's Club , Costco , and BJ's Wholesale Club . They require membership to purchase and often require purchasing larger quantities of goods at once. Big-box development has at times been opposed by labor unions because
9360-491: The north campus of Humber Polytechnic (formerly Humber College). The line is forecast to carry about 14.6 million rides a year or 40,000 a day by 2031. Construction on this line began in 2019. It was scheduled for completion in the first half of 2024, with an estimated cost of $ 1.2 billion, though it has since been delayed. Ontario Line is an under-construction 15.6-kilometre (9.7 mi) subway line from Exhibition station to Science Centre station , providing
9477-399: The other running mostly at-grade) and one subway line (running both underground and on elevated guideways). In 1954, the TTC opened Canada's first underground rail line, then known as the "Yonge subway", under Yonge Street between Union Station and Eglinton Avenue with 12 stations. As of 2023, the network encompasses 70 stations and 70.1 kilometres (43.6 mi) of route. In 2023,
9594-474: The owner) Hudson's Bay , Loblaws / Real Canadian Superstore , Rona , Winners / HomeSense , Canadian Tire / Mark's / Sport Chek , Shoppers Drug Mart , Chapters / Indigo Books and Music , Sobeys , and many others. The indigenous Loblaw Companies Limited has expanded and multiplied its Real Canadian Superstore (and Maxi & Cie in Quebec) branded outlets to try to fill any genuine big-box market and fend off
9711-460: The people in the region, but also for my political prospects". In 2015, Sorbara indicated that, while David Miller was mayor of Toronto, Miller was initially not enthusiastic about the extension. Sorbara said, "He should have been thrilled at the prospect of the province providing $ 670 million for more subway infrastructure, regardless of where it went." In 2003, a temporary busway was planned between Downsview (now Sheppard West) station and
9828-588: The plan is for the line is take the "Line 3" moniker formerly used by Line 3 Scarborough . On March 27, 1963, there was an electrical short in a subway car's motor. The driver decided to continue operating the train, despite visible smoke in the affected car, until the train reached Union station. This decision resulted in the destruction of six subway cars and extensive damage to the tunnel and signal lines west of Union station. Following this incident, safety procedures involving electrical malfunctions and/or fire in subway trains, were revised to improve safety and reduce
9945-503: The platform wall. The train operator and guard use them to position the train. The current platform markers used for Lines 1, 2, and 4 are as follows: Prior to 2017, when subway guards operated the doors from the fifth car instead of the trailing car in the T1 trains on Line 2, different platform markers were used. The following markers have now fallen into disuse as a result of a March 2017 policy change that required all guards to work from
10062-401: The platform, is provided as a reference to the train guard that shows that the train is correctly aligned. Before opening the train doors, the guard lowers the cab window and points their finger out the window toward the green triangle when the cab is lined up with the triangle. If the train is not lined up properly, the guard is not permitted to open the doors. To operate the doors, the guard
10179-530: The platforms themselves are clad, as is the case with much of the Line 4 Sheppard stations. The interactive artwork at Pioneer Village has not been turned on due to concerns about profanity, which would violate the 2009 revision of the TTC's by-law. According to a TTC forecast reported by transit advocate Steve Munro in early 2015, the TTC's annual operating costs for the entire TYSSE would be $ 33.7 million, or $ 14.2 million net of revenue. This would produce
10296-473: The portion east along Steeles Avenue and back south down Yonge Street to Finch station to close the loop would have been built in later phases. In 1992, as an interim project, construction began on the aforementioned 1996 extension of the Spadina line to Downsview station. In 1994, an environmental assessment for the first phase of the loop project was completed, but the extension was not built due to lack of funding. Despite this, lobbying by politicians to extend
10413-419: The power rail once freezing rain starts. These precautions were also used on Line 3 Scarborough, which used two power rails. After reviewing operations during the winter of 2018–2019 , the TTC decided to change its procedures for Line 3. Thus, about two hours before an expected storm, the TTC would decide whether to shut down Line 3 and replace it with bus service. Just before the storm of February 2, 2022 ,
10530-403: The project was over budget, and that project management problems had resulted in the dismissal of two TTC managers. Toronto City Council approved an additional $ 150 million in funding, with $ 90 million from Toronto and $ 60 million from York Region . The TTC subsequently signed a contract with Bechtel , worth up to $ 80 million, to assume management of the last third of
10647-425: The same corporation, Hutchison Whampoa . India has been going through a retail revolution since the late 1990s, following the introduction of Big Bazaar in 2001. However, even before that, large retail stores were not uncommon in India. Spencer's, a popular hypermart, traces its history as far back as 1863. Likewise, Saravana Stores operating as a large independent showroom format since 1969, continue to grow in
10764-681: The same subway wireless services as Rogers customers. Big-box store A big-box store , a hyperstore , a supercenter , a superstore , or a megastore is a physically large retail establishment, usually part of a chain of stores. The term sometimes also refers, by extension, to the company that operates the store. The term "big-box" references the typical appearance of buildings occupied by such stores. Commercially, big-box stores can be broken down into two categories: general merchandise (examples include Walmart and Target ) and specialty stores (such as Home Depot , Barnes & Noble , IKEA or Best Buy ), which specialize in goods within
10881-399: The station buildings. York Region Transit (YRT) bus terminals were constructed at Pioneer Village and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre ; however, these are located outside of the fare-paid areas, adjacent to but outside the stations. A GO Transit bus terminal (also used by YRT buses) was built at Highway 407 station , again outside the paid area, but within the main station building. This station
10998-421: The station wall indicates the location where the guard may stop observing the platform and pull their head back into the cab. This is done to ensure that no passengers are being dragged along by the train. All staffed subway operations must verify that the train is properly berthed before the doors are opened. At each subway platform, a set of three 15-centimetre-wide (6 in) platform markers are affixed onto
11115-573: The station's farside platform. They are also used for short turning trains at some through stations in order to accommodate emergency and planned service suspensions. Planned service suspensions generally occur on weekends for planned maintenance activities that are impractical to perform overnight. There is only one regular short turn service that occurs during the morning rush hour on Line 1 Yonge–University when some northbound trains short turn at Glencairn station . On Line 3 Scarborough , light metro trains were not able to switch direction except at
11232-463: The store at no charge. Many configurations exist: the hypermarket that sells many kinds of goods under one roof (like French chains Carrefour , Auchan , and E.Leclerc ), most of which are integrated within a shopping mall ; the supermarket that is a smaller version of a hypermarket; the market located in city centres; the department store , which first appeared in Paris, then opened in other parts of
11349-514: The subway line, other transit infrastructure was built as part of the TYSSE project. Downsview Park station is an interchange between the subway and the Barrie line – a regional rail line which is part of the GO Transit system. The station is fully integrated between the two modes. Toronto Transit Commission bus terminals were built at Finch West and Pioneer Village stations and are integrated into
11466-406: The subway's 5G system. By November 2023, wireless service had been expanded to all TTC stations and to the tunnels between Sheppard West and Vaughan Metropolitan Centre stations, but only for Rogers and Freedom customers. Bell and Telus customers continued to have wireless service at a limited number of stations. In December 2023, Telus and Bell reached a deal with Rogers to provide their customers
11583-494: The subway, and there is direct escalator and elevator access connecting the station concourse with the covered rapidway stop. Paid commuter parking lots were built at Finch West (358 spaces), Pioneer Village (1,950 spaces) and Highway 407 (560 spaces) – parking was initially free until April 2018 as ridership grew on the line. Passenger pick-up and drop-off facilities were also built at Finch West (10 spaces), Pioneer Village (11 spaces) and Highway 407 (30 spaces). These are owned by
11700-623: The system had a ridership of 302,527,000, or about 1,035,300 per weekday as of the third quarter of 2024, making it the second-busiest rapid transit system in Canada in terms of daily ridership, behind the Montreal Metro . There are 60 stations under construction as part of three new lines, two light rail lines and one subway line, and two extensions to existing lines. There are three operating rapid transit lines in Toronto: As of December 2022, three new lines are under construction, two light rail lines and one subway line. Until July 2023,
11817-466: The trailing car on Line 2: During rush hour, up to 65 trains are on Line 1 simultaneously, 45 trains on Line 2, and 4 trains on Line 4. During non-rush hour periods, there are 30–46 trains on Line 1 at any one time. On weekdays and Saturdays, subway service runs from approximately 6:00 am to 1:30 am; Sunday service begins at 8:00 am. Start times on holidays may vary. On January 8, 1995, train operators began to announce each stop over
11934-512: The train departs a station (e.g. "The next station is: Dufferin, Dufferin station ") and when it arrives at the following station (e.g. "Arriving at: Dufferin, Dufferin station"). In addition, the TTC's Toronto Rocket subway trains provide visible and audible automatic stop announcements. Unlike the other trains, the Toronto Rocket trains also announce connections to other TTC subway lines, such as "Change for Line 2", and terminus stations, "This
12051-411: The train's speaker system as a result of pressure from advocacy groups for the visually impaired, but announcements were sporadic until the TTC began to enforce the policy circa 2005. Later, automated announcements were implemented under further pressure from the advocacy groups. All Toronto subway trains use an automated system to announce each station, which is played twice over the speaker system: when
12168-439: The transit agency's highest standard for cleanliness and general state of repair. Only 21 stations scored in the 70- to 80-percent range in the TTC's cleanliness scale, a range described as "Ordinary Tidiness", while 45 fell in the 60- to 70-percent range achieving what the commission describes as "Casual Inattentiveness". The May audit was the third in a series of comprehensive assessments that began in 2009. The commission announced
12285-476: The western leg to Wilson station in North York (then a borough separate from Toronto). In 1996, a short 2-kilometre (1.2 mi) one-stop extension to Downsview station (renamed Sheppard West in May 2017) opened. After the line reached Wilson, there were several proposals to extend the line farther. An extension into Vaughan had been suggested as early as 1988, when Vaughan mayor Lorna Jackson campaigned during
12402-614: The world; the "category killer" superstore that mainly sells goods in a particular domain (automotive, electronics, home furniture, etc.); and the warehouse store , like Metro Cash and Carry (for professionals only) and Costco , who opened its first store in June, 2017. To contend against Carrefour , ParknShop opened the first superstore in 1996 based on the concept of a wet market . Most superstores in Hong Kong emphasizes one-stop shopping, such as providing car park services. Today, ParknShop has more than 50 superstores and megastores, making it
12519-526: The year of occurrence. The Province of Ontario deposited $ 870 million into the Move Ontario Trust. The federal government committed $ 697 million. The City of Toronto and the Regional Municipality of York committed to fund one-third of total project costs, with Toronto contributing $ 526 million and York Region contributing $ 352 million. The first construction contract
12636-655: Was also designed to connect with the proposed Highway 407 Transitway . Finch West was built with a knock-out panel that would allow for easier future construction of the Finch West LRT , then being planned – construction of this light rail line began in 2019 and it is scheduled to open in 2024. Vaughan Metropolitan Centre is also an interchange between the subway and the Highway 7 Rapidway , used by YRT's Viva and Brampton Transit 's Züm services. The bus rapid transit dedicated on-street right-of-way opened in conjunction with
12753-457: Was awarded on February 27, 2008. Construction commenced in July 2008 with the relocation of sewers. The official ground breaking ceremony was held on November 27, 2009, with a planned opening date of 2015. The TTC purchased two tunnel boring machines in late 2010 from LOVAT Inc. (since acquired by Caterpillar Inc. ) for $ 58.4 million to dig tunnels on this extension, and two more boring machines were delivered in early 2011. Tunnel boring for
12870-491: Was expected to be completed in 2024. Line 6 Finch West , also known as the "Finch West LRT", is an under-construction line being built by Mosaic Transit Group along Finch Avenue . It is to be operated by the Toronto Transit Commission and was also part of the Transit City proposal announced on March 16, 2007. The 11-kilometre (6.8 mi), 18-stop line is to extend from Finch West station on Line 1 Yonge–University to
12987-575: Was further extended west to Kipling station and east to Kennedy station. Opened in 1985, Line 3 (originally the Scarborough RT) was a light metro line running from Kennedy station to McCowan station. The TTC started to construct the line to use Canadian Light Rail Vehicles . However, the TTC was forced to convert to the Intermediate Capacity Transit System technology because the provincial government threatened to cut funding to
13104-458: Was imitated by Meijer in 1962 and later by Walmart, Kmart , Target (the discount brand of Dayton department store), and Woolco (the discount brand of the Woolworth department store) all opened. These were called " discount stores " — still an industry term for this type of store — and which between the 1960s and 1980s started to open larger-format stores called "megastores." These stores served
13221-468: Was intended to be extended to Scarborough Centre station , but because of the low ridership and the cost of tunnelling, there was a plan to extend rapid transit eastwards from Don Mills station via a surface light rail line, the Sheppard East LRT . However, in April 2019, Premier Doug Ford announced that the provincial government would extend Line 4 Sheppard to McCowan Road at some unspecified time in
13338-529: Was provided by BAI Canada. The TTC and BAI Canada planned to offer TConnect at all underground stations. Commuters had to view a video advertisement to gain access to the Internet. It was expected that all of the 70 subway stations would have service by 2017, as well as the six stations along the Line 1 extension to Vaughan. From early December 2015 to late January 2016, users of TConnect were required to authenticate using
13455-402: Was the first new section of a Toronto subway line to be opened since the opening of Line 4 Sheppard in 2002. The extension was first envisioned in the 1980s, though the route of an extension to York University was not finalized until 2005. Despite the lack of development there at the time, an extension to Vaughan was added and construction began in 2008. Initially expected to open in time for
13572-500: Was to extend Line 1 along Yonge Street from the future High Tech station to Major Mackenzie Drive East (adjacent to Richmond Hill GO Station ), with possible intermediate stations at Bantry Avenue and 16th Avenue / Carrville Road). As of July 2024, these plans are not funded and are forecast for implementation in 2051 at the earliest. The York Region Rapid Transit Corporation endorsed these plans in their long-term rapid transit system map. Toronto subway The Toronto subway
13689-403: Was under construction when a change in provincial government threatened to terminate the project, but Mel Lastman , the last mayor of the former City of North York (today part of Toronto), used his influence to save the project. Despite the construction of many high-rise residential buildings along the line since its opening, ridership remains low resulting in a subsidy of $ 10 per ride. The line
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