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39-455: Existing solar buses are battery-electric buses or (in the case of hybrid solar buses) hybrid buses equipped with batteries that are recharged from solar (or other) power sources; a launch of solar bus service often goes hand in hand with investments for large-scale installations of stationary solar panels with photovoltaic cells . Similarly, like other solar vehicles , many solar buses have photovoltaic cells contained in solar panels on

78-429: A trolleybus . They typically recover braking energy to increase efficiency by a regenerative brake . With energy consumption of about 1.2 kW⋅h/km (4.3 MJ/km; 1.9 kW⋅h/mi), the cost of ownership is lower than diesel buses. As of 2016 battery buses have less range, higher weight, higher procurement costs. The reduced infrastructure for overhead lines is offset by the costs of the infrastructure to recharge

117-406: A smaller battery on the bus, which reduces the initial investment and subsequent costs. Battery electric buses offer the potential for zero-emissions, in addition to much quieter operation and better acceleration compared to traditional buses. They also eliminate infrastructure needed for a constant grid connection and allow routes to be modified without infrastructure changes, in contrast with

156-546: A solar bus built by Chetan Singh Solanki to promote the benefits and practicality of using solar energy. The bus had 3.2 kW solar panels and 6 kWh of battery storage. The first Solar Bus in the UK was launched in Brighton in April 2017. Following a marathon six week effort from hundreds of local people, The Big Lemon and Brighton Energy Coop 's joint Solar Bus project has won funding from

195-428: A solar bus service benefits from the optimization of overall requirements for the specific bus service. Electro-solar buses are powered additionally from electric power transmitted from power plants; hybrid solar buses may be equipped with hybrid engines . Open-air low-speed electric shuttle sightseeing buses equipped with a solar panel-covered roof are produced in series and are commercially available. According to

234-451: A total of £13,325 raised through crowdfunding, almost half the total amount of £28,798 raised through the scheme nationally. The project will benefit from £12,500 funding from M&S Energy which, together with the £13,325 crowdfunding donations will fund the solar array on the roof of the bus depot. The Kayoola Solar Bus is a 35-seater electric solar bus with zero tailpipe emissions, a range of 80 km, with latent range extension from

273-487: A truly zero-emission solution if the power grid they rely on for charging is not also free of fossil fuel energy sources. The lithium batteries may also contribute to environmental pollution around the world where lithium mining takes place. NREL publishes zero-emission bus evaluation results from various commercial operators. NREL published following total operating cost per mile: with County Connection , for June 2017 through May 2018, for an 8-vehicle diesel bus fleet,

312-444: Is a commercial daytime private shuttle service with a US$ 3 Fare, operated by Hot Springs Transit, LLC. Hot Springs Transit provides transit service to the 6100 person population of Truth or Consequences. Solar panels are also used for powering electronic devices of the bus such as heating and air conditioning, even in buses with the non-solar-powered engine. Such buses are advertised to meet anti-idling regulations in several states in

351-486: Is not equipped with solar panels. It receives electric power from a photovoltaic system on Adelaide's central bus station . Hailed as the world's first bus service powered exclusively by solar power, the bus service connects Adelaide City and North Adelaide as part of Adelaide City's sustainable transport agenda. The Tindo is part of the 98A and 98C bus service (until recently known as the Adelaide Connector) which

390-548: Is offered as free public transport . Within the Chinese government's program for the clean transport sector, China 's first solar hybrid buses were put in operation in July 2012 in the city of Qiqihar . Its engine is powered by lithium-ion batteries which are fed by solar panels installed on the bus roof. It is claimed that each bus consumes 0.6 to 0.7 kilowatt-hours of electricity per kilometre and can transport up to 100 persons and that

429-410: Is recharged from solar or other power sources. Solar-only bus services involve recharging the bus from solar energy, usually from solar panel-covered bus station canopies . The concept is similar to that of solar parking plot for cars and bicycles, where vehicles can re-charge while parked. The need for recharging poses constraints on the run and standstill times of the bus. The implementation of

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468-523: Is that the city of Hamburg , Germany, received the 2011 European Green Capital Award for, among others, its fuel cell bus service that is claimed to be the world's largest hydrogen-powered bus fleet and is intended to use hydrogen generated from solar and wind energy . Battery electric bus A battery electric bus is an electric bus that is driven by an electric motor and obtains energy from on-board batteries . Many trolleybuses use batteries as an auxiliary or emergency power source. In 2018,

507-704: Is the bureau head who is assisted by technical officers and other supporting staff. The multidiscipline technical officer and staff of the Council are on deputation (the tenure staff uses their addresses ending in aicteindia.co.in) or on contract from government departments, University Grants Commission, academic institutions, etc. Growth of Technical Institutions in the Country Growth of Seats in different Programs in Technical Institutions In 2016, three important initiatives were taken up by AICTE. First one

546-979: The Department of Higher Education . Established in November 1945 first as an advisory body, which was given statutory status by an Act of Parliament in 1987, the AICTE is responsible for proper planning and coordinated development of the technical education and management education system in India . It is assisted by 10 Statutory Boards of Studies, namely, UG Studies in Eng. & Tech., PG and Research in Eng. and Tech., Management Studies, Vocational Education, Technical Education, Pharmaceutical Education, Architecture, Hotel Management and Catering Technology, Information Technology, Town and Country Planning. The AICTE has its new headquarters building in Delhi on

585-783: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) found that total operating costs per mile of an electric bus fleet and a diesel bus fleet in the United States are about equal. The London Electrobus Company started running the first ever service of battery electric buses between London 's Victoria station and Liverpool Street on 15 July 1907. However, the weight and inefficiency of batteries meant that other propulsion technology - such as electric trolleybuses or diesel buses - became commonplace. The first battery buses were mostly small, mini- or midi- buses. The improvement of battery technology from around 2010 led to

624-522: The University of Glamorgan , Wales , for use as student transport between the university's different campuses. It is powered by hydrogen fuel or solar cells , batteries and ultracapacitors . In March 2020, Energy Swaraj — An Essence of Sustainability , a program conducted by All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) was launched, led by Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Professor Chetan Singh Solanki. The group travelled to 25 cities aboard

663-506: The 52 route between Woodingdean and Brighton on 100% renewable energy . The Solar Bus project was one of 199 different applications to the scheme, 125 of which were shortlisted. These were put to public vote for six weeks during September and October and the voting process also included the option to donate to the project via the Crowdfunding platform. The Solar Bus project was one of 19 regional winners, with 1549 votes, 170 pledges, and

702-651: The M&;S Community Energy Fund to cover the roof of The Big Lemon ’s bus depot in solar panels to power the new electric buses on clean green renewable energy. The bus was named "Om Shanti", by one of the Solar Roof partners, Viper IT Solutions. The 120 solar panels will generate 30,000kWh per year of electricity – the equivalent of 1.8 million boiled kettles. With no emissions, the Solar Buses will reduce noxious gases in some of Brighton and Hove's most polluted areas and will power

741-607: The Nelson Mandela Road, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, 110 067, which has the offices of the chairman, vice-chairman and the member secretary, plus it has regional offices at Kanpur, Chandigarh, Gurugram, Mumbai, Bhopal, Vadodara, Kolkata, Guwahati, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram. In its 25 April 2013 judgment, the Supreme Court said "as per provisions of the AICTE Act and University Grants Commission (UGC) Act ,

780-488: The US. Refitting existing vehicles with photovoltaic panels that feed the original battery with additional electric power has been shown to have the potential for contributing to CO 2 emission mitigation and to the reduction of pollution . The thus transformed buses are however not solar in the strict sense of the word, as they do not use solar energy for propulsion. The use of buses in public transport implies frequent stops with

819-712: The Union Minister of Education formally communicated his intentions of closing down AICTE and related body, the University Grants Commission (UGC). This later led to reforms in the way the AICTE approves institutes, and to establishing the National Board of Accreditation (NBA) as an independent body. On 6 June 2017, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that the AICTE along with the University Grants Commission would be scrapped and replaced by

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858-662: The batteries. In addition, the additional weight of batteries in a battery electric bus means that they have a lower passenger capacity than trolleybuses in jurisdictions where there is a legal limit on axle loads on roads. Battery buses are used almost exclusively in urban areas rather than for long-haul transportation. Urban transit features relatively short intervals between charging opportunities. Sufficient recharging can take place within 4 to 5 minutes (250 to 450 kW [340 to 600 hp]) usually by induction or catenary . Finally, as with other electric-powered alternatives to fossil-fueled engines, battery electric buses are not

897-734: The charging can take place only at night, which has the further advantage of mitigating the strain on the power grid since charging is then taking place while power consumption elsewhere is minimal. While this is a safe solution, it is also very costly and not scalable. Another solution is ensuring that the vehicle daily schedule takes into account also the need to charge, keeping the overall schedule as close to optimal as possible. Today, there are various software companies that help bus operators manage their electric bus charging schedule. These solutions ensure that buses continue to operate safely, without any unplanned stops and inconvenience to passengers. Supercapacitors can be charged rapidly, reducing

936-576: The council has no authority which empowers it to issue or enforce any sanctions on colleges affiliated with the universities as its role is to provide only guidance and recommendations." Subsequently, AICTE was getting approval from the Supreme court to regulate technical colleges on a year to year basis till January 2016, when AICTE got blanket approval for publishing the Approval Process Handbook and approve technical colleges including management for

975-462: The country. In the words of the Act itself: To provide for establishment of an All India council for Technical Education with a view to the proper planning and co-ordinated development of the technical education system throughout the country, the promotion of qualitative improvement of such education in relation to planned quantitative growth and the regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards in

1014-410: The country’s entire fleet." Chinese cities are adding 1,900 electric buses per week. Charging electric bus batteries is not as simple as refueling a diesel engine. Special attention, monitoring, and scheduling are required to make optimal use of the charging process, while also ensuring proper battery maintenance and safekeeping. Some operators manage these challenges by purchasing extra buses. This way

1053-526: The emergence of the mass-produced battery bus, including heavier units such as 12.2-meter (40 ft) standard buses and articulated buses. China was the first country to introduce modern battery electric buses in large scale. In 2009 Shanghai catenary bus lines began switching to battery buses. In September 2010, Chinese automobile company BYD began manufacturing the BYD K9 , one of the most popular electric buses The first city to heavily invest in electric buses

1092-534: The opening and closing of doors, which influence the way the energy of the battery is used. In principle, also trolleybuses or other non-autonomous electric buses or alternately powered buses such as fuel cell buses or dual-mode buses could be used for solar bus services, provided the origin of all or most of the energy used for proposing the bus would be solar energy. In practice, however, such systems also draw on other sources of energy, at least also other renewable energy sources such as wind energy . An example

1131-510: The producers, solar panels save energy and prolong the battery life cycle. The Tindo solar battery-charged bus ("Tindo", Kaurna word for sun ) is an experimental battery electric vehicle that operates in Adelaide, Australia . It is the world's first solar bus, operating since 2007. It uses 100% solar power, is equipped with a regenerative braking system and air conditioning and can carry up to 40 persons, 25 of whom are seated. The bus itself

1170-632: The real-time charging enabled by the roof-mounted solar panels. The development of the Kayoola Solar Bus Concept represents the commitment of the Kiira Motors Project to championing the progressive development of local capacity for Vehicle Technology Innovation, a key ingredient for institutionalizing a sustainable Vehicle Manufacturing Industry in Uganda. The Solar Buzz is a 14-seater US Electrical bus, made in 1994, that has been repurposed as

1209-533: The session 2016-17 and in all future sessions." According to the All India Council for Technical Education, 1987 , the AICTE is vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and maintenance of norms and standards, quality assurance through school accreditation , funding in priority areas, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of certification and awards and ensuring coordinated and integrated development and management of technical education in

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1248-562: The technical education system and for matters connected therewith. The AICTE is composed of the e-Governance, Approval, Planning and Coordination, Academic, University, Administration, Finance, and Research, Institutional and Faculty Development Bureaus. There are 10 additional Board Studies dealing with technician, vocational, undergraduate engineering, postgraduate engineering and research, architecture, town and country planning, pharmacy, management, applied arts and crafts, hotel management and catering technology education. For each bureau, adviser

1287-572: The time needed to prepare to resume operation. The Society of Automotive Engineers has published Recommended Practice SAE J3105 to standardize physical automated connection interfaces for conductive charging systems since 2020. For communication between charger and electric bus the same ISO 15118 protocol is used as for passenger car charging. The only differences are in the charging power, voltage and physical interface. Pantographs and underbody collectors can be integrated in bus stops to quicken electric bus recharge, making it possible to use

1326-450: The total operating cost per mile was $ 0.84; for a 4-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 1.11; with Long Beach Transit , for 2018, for a 10-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.85; and with Foothill Transit , for 2018, for a 12-vehicle electric bus fleet, $ 0.84. All India Council for Technical Education The All India Council for Technical Education ( AICTE ) is a statutory body, and a national-level council for technical education, under

1365-411: The use of solar panels prolongs the batteries' lifetime by 35 per cent. Austria's first solar-powered bus was put in operation in the village of Perchtoldsdorf . Its powertrain , operating strategy, and design specification were specifically optimized given its planned regular service routes. It has been in trial operation since autumn 2011. The tribrid bus is a hybrid electric bus developed by

1404-406: The vehicle's roof which converts the sun 's energy directly into electric energy to be used by the engine. The introduction of solar buses and other green vehicles for purposes of public transport forms a part of sustainable transport schemes. The distinction between a solar-only electric bus and an electro-solar bus is fluid, as the distinction depends on the actual usage: whether the bus

1443-467: The world's first truly solar bus in Truth or Consequences, New Mexico in 2011. The Buzz has 2 KW in homemade solar panels on the roof, 40 golf cart batteries, 2 electric motors, and has no tailpipe. The power required to go one mile is the same as the power required to make a pot of coffee: around 700 Wh. The Solar Buzz is an IntraCity bus approved by the state Public Regulation Commission (#56817) in 2015 and

1482-442: Was Shenzhen , China. The city began rolling out electric buses made by BYD in 2011, with the objective of having a fully electric fleet. By 2017, Shenzhen's entire fleet of over 16,300 buses was replaced with electric buses, the largest fleet of electric buses of any city in the world. According to Bloomberg , "China had about 99 percent of the 385,000 electric buses on the roads worldwide in 2017, accounting for 17 percent of

1521-433: Was a responsibility given by MHRD to evolve a national MOOCs platform SWAYAM. Second one is that of launching a Smart India Hackathon-2017 challenging the young bright talented students of technical colleges to solve the 598 problems of 29 different Government departments. Third one is that of launching of an AICTE's Student Start up Policy by Hon. President on 16 Nov, during visitors conference from rashtrapati Bhavan. In 2009,

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