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47-565: A tin tabernacle , also known as an iron church , is a type of prefabricated ecclesiastical building made from corrugated galvanised iron . They were developed in the mid-19th century, initially in the United Kingdom. Corrugated iron was first used for roofing in London in 1829 by civil engineer Henry Robinson Palmer , and the patent was later sold to Richard Walker who advertised "portable buildings for export" in 1832. The technology for producing

94-429: A bathroom (a room with a bath)  — which was a novel innovation for many Britons at that time, a separate toilet, a living room and an equipped (not fitted in the modern sense) kitchen. Construction materials included steel, aluminium, timber or asbestos cement , depending on the type of dwelling. The aluminium Type B2 prefab was produced as four pre-assembled sections which could be transported by lorry anywhere in

141-466: A pestilence over the country." Opening of a New Iron Meeting-House. On Thursday last the "United Free Church Primitive Methodists" opened a new iron building at the corner of Argyle Street and the Woodbridge Road. The building has an odd appearance, and as it is but a temporary structure, it has been not inaptly termed the "tin tabernacle". [...] The sides and roof are of corrugated iron, and present

188-423: A raised circuit of track. The public are permitted to ride for a small charge. The line consists of about 1 ⁄ 6 mile (0.27 km) of track, a traverser, tunnel, decorative speed signs and signal box. Details of the stock that the miniature railway uses is shown below: There is no station platform located at Riddings, but there is a run-around loop on the northern branch of Codnor Park Junction from which

235-491: A range of iron buildings that included houses, village halls, sports pavilions, warehouses, hospital wards, chapels and churches. Many of their products were exported to Canada, Africa, and to California and Australia during the gold rushes . Other manufacturers of corrugated-iron churches in Glasgow included Braby & Company and R. R. Speirs who supplied 75 churches between 1908 and 1914. Corrugated-iron buildings were exhibited at

282-414: A recent revival in prefabricated methods of construction in order to compensate for the United Kingdom's current housing shortage. Architects are incorporating modern designs into the prefabricated houses of today. Prefab housing should no longer be compared to a mobile home in terms of appearance, but to that of a complex modernist design. There has also been an increase in the use of "green" materials in

329-473: A small number of structures were left standing. Prefabricated buildings served as an inexpensive and quick way to alleviate the massive housing shortages associated with the wartime destruction and large-scale urbanization and rural flight . Prefabrication for commercial uses has a long history - a major expansion was made in the Second World War when ARCON (short for Architecture Consultants) developed

376-488: A system using steel components that could be rapidly erected and then clad with a variety of materials to suit local conditions, availability, and cost. McDonald's uses prefabricated structures for their buildings, and set a record of constructing a building and opening for business within 13 hours (on pre-prepared ground works). In the UK, the major supermarkets have each developed a modular unit system to shop building, based on

423-399: A very poor state. There was a need to reconstruct cities which had been severely damaged due to the war. For example, Warsaw had been practically razed to the ground under the planned destruction of Warsaw by German forces after the 1944 Warsaw Uprising . The centre of Dresden , Germany, had been totally destroyed by the 1945 Allied bombardment. Stalingrad had been largely destroyed and only

470-690: Is a zeitgeist or trend in architectural circles and the spirit of the age favors the small carbon footprint of "prefab". The process of building pre-fabricated buildings has become so efficient in China that a builder in Changsha built a ten- storey building in 28 hours and 45 minutes. Prefabricated construction generates less carbon footprint, improves energy use and efficiency, and produces less waste, making it more sustainable and environmentally friendly, and compliant with sustainable design standards. The modular architecture allows, thanks to 3D modeling,

517-684: Is operated and maintained by the Midland Railway Trust. The Ambergate to Pye Bridge line, during its operation, was used to serve the collieries of Marehay, Hartshay, Pentrich, Swanwick and Britain Pit. The current Swanwick Junction station lies on the former site of Brand's Colliery. The line also provided rail access for the site of the Butterley Company . The railway is also home to the 2 ft ( 610 mm ) narrow gauge Golden Valley Light Railway, which opened in 1991. It partially lies on

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564-471: Is the headquarters of the Midland Railway – Butterley . The station consists of a double platform and the station building; the original buildings were demolished after the line closed. The current station building is a near identical match to the one originally at Butterley and was transferred from Whitwell Railway Station and built in place of the original. The station building contains the gift shop and

611-612: The Butterley Tunnel , which forms part of the Cromford Canal . The Swanwick Terminus gained a new engine shed in 2007, which specifically houses GVLR stock. In addition to the standard gauge stock on the Midland Railway, The Golden Valley Light Railway, a separate organisation altogether, owns a collection of locomotives, ex colliery manriders, Ashover coach No.4 and ex industrial wagons, many of which are being restored to work on

658-586: The Crimean War , after Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to The Times , Isambard Kingdom Brunel was commissioned to design a prefabricated modular hospital. In five months he designed the Renkioi Hospital : a 1,000 patient hospital, with innovations in sanitation, ventilation and a flushing toilet. Fabricator William Eassie constructed the required 16 units in Gloucester Docks , shipped directly to

705-515: The Dardanelles . Only used from March 1856 to September 1857, it reduced the death rate from 42% to 3.5%. The world's first prefabricated, pre-cast panelled apartment blocks were pioneered in Liverpool . A process was invented by city engineer John Alexander Brodie , whose inventive genius also had him inventing the football goal net. The tram stables at Walton in Liverpool followed in 1906. The idea

752-617: The Erewash Valley . A branch leading to the south to Ripley station was in use from 1889 until 1923. The sole historical station on the line is Butterley , which opened in 1875. The current line extends westwards from Codnor Park Junction on the Erewash Valley Line, although the present-day heritage line terminates at Hammersmith . The line currently runs for 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 miles (5.6 km) from Hammersmith via Butterley , Swanwick Junction and Riddings to Ironville . It

799-1503: The Great Exhibition in 1851. Isaac Dixon's 1874 catalogue was aimed at the landed gentry , railway proprietors and shippers, while Francis Morton's company had a dedicated church building department and its 1879 catalogue reported nearly 70 churches, chapels and school houses built in the United Kingdom. 50°46′52″N 2°00′08″W  /  50.78102°N 2.00226°W  / 50.78102; -2.00226  ( Ashington Former Mission Church ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Baptist ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Baptist ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Presbyterian ) (formerly Congregational ) (formerly Methodist ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Non-denominational ) (formerly Anglican ) (formerly Methodist ) (formerly Roman Catholic ) (formerly Anglican ) ( church hall ) (formerly Free Church of Scotland ) 57°36′14″N 5°17′55″W  /  57.6039°N 5.2985°W  / 57.6039; -5.2985  ( Tin Tabernacle ) 55°54′55″N 3°49′51″W  /  55.9152°N 3.8309°W  / 55.9152; -3.8309  ( Tin Tabernacle ) (formerly Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic ) (formerly Church of Ireland ) The church

846-746: The Kosovo Train for Life was loaded at Butterley station, before travelling to Kosovo , via Kensington Olympia railway station and the Channel Tunnel ; this was run in conjunction with the Kosovo Force peace-keeping efforts. From 2007 to 2019, the MR:B hosted Indietracks, a music festival that was held at the Swanwick Junction site. The COVID-19 pandemic halted events in 2020 and 2021; in November 2021, it

893-692: The Midland Railway Centre 's Swanwick Junction site. St Margaret's Church from South Wonston , near Winchester, Hampshire, is now at the Weald and Downland Open Air Museum in West Sussex. Several firms, such as David Rowell & Co. , Humphrey's and Frederick Braby in London, Isaac Dixon and Co and Francis Morton in Liverpool, E T Bellhouse in Manchester and A & J Main & Co of Glasgow, manufactured

940-561: The Second World War due to the need for mass accommodation for military personnel. The United States used Quonset huts as military buildings, and in the United Kingdom prefabricated buildings used included Nissen huts and Bellman Hangars . 'Prefabs' were built after the war as a means of quickly and cheaply providing quality housing as a replacement for the housing destroyed during the Blitz . The proliferation of prefabricated housing across

987-577: The West Indies . Possibly the first advertised prefab house was the "Manning cottage". A London carpenter, Henry Manning, constructed a house that was built in components, then shipped and assembled by British emigrants. This was published at the time (advertisement, South Australian Record, 1837) and a few still stand in Australia. One such is the Friends Meeting House, Adelaide . The peak year for

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1034-544: The baby boom of the 1950s and 1960s. Many buildings were designed with a five-ten year life span, but have far exceeded this, with a number surviving today. In 2002, for example, the city of Bristol still had residents living in 700 examples. Many UK councils have been in the process of demolishing the last surviving examples of Second World War prefabs in order to comply with the British government's Decent Homes Standard , which came into effect in 2010. There has, however, been

1081-508: The Ripley roundabout and Buckland Hollow lies mostly on the route of the former line. The first preservation services started operating in 1981. Hammersmith is the western terminus of the line; the station consists of two platforms and the secondary line is used as a run-around loop. A signal box is present at the eastern end of the station and the A38 is visible from the platform to the west. Butterley

1128-583: The War and ongoing slum clearance . Almost 160,000 had been built in the UK by 1948 at a cost of close to £216 million. The largest single prefab estate in Britain was at Belle Vale (South Liverpool), where more than 1,100 were built after World War 2. The estate was demolished in the 1960s amid much controversy as the prefabs were very popular with residents at the time. Prefabs were aimed at families, and typically had an entrance hall, two bedrooms (parents and children),

1175-431: The appearance externally of a huge tin cannister." —Ipswich Journal, 1874. Churches, chapels and mission halls were built in new industrial areas, pit villages , near railway works and in more isolated rural and coastal locations. Landowners or employers frequently donated plots of land and sometimes donated the cost of the building, although many were funded by public subscription. The 3rd Marquess of Bute provided

1222-636: The booking office. A café and the Alfreton Model Railway Society are also present in adjacent buildings. The signal box at Butterley was formerly situated at Ais Gill on the Settle to Carlisle line. A carriage shed also stands at the eastern end of the yard, neither the signal box or carriage shed are open to the public. In the yard is also the Garden Railway; an outdoor 16 mm scale model railway which runs on most Sundays and some Saturdays. In

1269-636: The colonies of the British Empire where 19 such churches were erected in Melbourne , Australia, alone by 1851. A 65-by-40-foot (20 by 12 m) church built entirely of cast and wrought iron clad in corrugated iron was built in Jamaica at a cost of £1,000. William Morris , founder of the Arts and Crafts Movement , wrote a pamphlet in 1890 decrying the construction of corrugated-iron buildings "that were spreading like

1316-418: The construction of these prefab houses. Consumers can easily select between different environmentally friendly finishes and wall systems. Since these homes are built in parts, it is easy for a home owner to add additional rooms or even solar panels to the roofs. Many prefab houses can be customized to the client's specific location and climate, making prefab homes much more flexible and modern than before. There

1363-509: The corrugated sheets improved and, to prevent corrosion, the sheets were galvanised with a coating of zinc , a process developed by Stanislas Sorel in Paris in the 1830s. After 1850, many types of prefabricated buildings were produced, including churches, chapels and mission halls. The Industrial Revolution was a time of great population expansion and movement in Europe. Towns and cities expanded as

1410-693: The cost of foundations, heating and lighting, which could add another £70 for a church to seat 200. Several tin tabernacles survive as places of worship; some have listed building status and some have been converted to other uses. Some redundant chapels have been moved to museums for preservation. St Chad's Mission Church was moved from near Telford to the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust 's Blists Hill Victorian Town in Shropshire, while St Saviour's Church from Westhouses in Derbyshire may be seen at

1457-663: The country was a result of the Burt Committee and the Housing (Temporary Accommodation) Act 1944 . Under the Ministry of Works Emergency Factory Made housing programme, a specification was drawn up and bid on by various private construction and manufacturing companies. After approval by the MoW, companies could bid on Council led development schemes, resulting in whole estates of prefabs constructed to provide accommodation for those made homeless by

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1504-549: The country. The Universal House (pictured left & lounge diner right) was given to the Chiltern Open Air Museum after 40 years temporary use. The Mark 3 was manufactured by the Universal Housing Company Ltd, Rickmansworth. The United States used prefabricated housing for troops during the war and for GIs returning home. Prefab classrooms were popular with UK schools increasing their rolls during

1551-407: The design and construction of the modular structure outside the site where it will be installed. This offers several advantages such as more sustainable design, greater cost and time savings and standardization of design. This is especially important for large-scale construction projects. Many eastern European countries had suffered physical damage during World War II and their economies were in

1598-417: The end of the century. David Rowell & Co.'s 1901 catalogue advertised a church to seat 400 persons, delivered to the nearest railway station and erected on the purchaser's foundation, at a cost of £360. Isaac Dixon's 1896 catalogue mentioned that the company had supplied nearly 150 churches over the previous ten years and the price had dropped from 35 shillings to 20 shillings (£1.75 to £1) per sitting plus

1645-503: The first Roman Catholic cathedral to be erected in Oban in 1886. It was lavishly decorated and furnished and lasted for 50 years until it was replaced. Early tin churches were easily erected, but at an average cost of between £2 and £4 per sitting, were expensive. St Mark's Church in Birkenhead , built in 1867, cost more than £2,000 for 500 seats. Prices decreased to almost £1 per sitting towards

1692-529: The importation of portable buildings to Australia was 1853, when several hundred arrived. These have been identified as coming from Liverpool , Boston and Singapore (with Chinese instructions for re-assembly). In Barbados the Chattel house was a form of prefabricated building which was developed by emancipated slaves who had limited rights to build upon land they did not own. As the buildings were moveable they were legally regarded as chattels . In 1855 during

1739-476: The line would have run northbound towards Pye Bridge Station . Just before the run around loop is the split in the track, which connects to the main line. The River Erewash runs underneath the junction. The railway runs events, ranging from Teddy Bear's Picnic specials to Gala events; they feature standard gauge collection and the GVLR's stock: The railway is licensed to host weddings and parties. In September 1999,

1786-416: The shed roof. Currently on loan to Barrow Hill Roundhouse. The Golden Valley Light Railway is a 2 ft ( 610 mm ) narrow gauge line. Laid on the trackbed of a former ironworks railway, this line runs for just under one mile (1.6 km) from the Swanwick Junction site to the far end of the country park adjacent to the former site of Newlands Inn. The terminus is just above the eastern portal of

1833-452: The staple passenger stock of the MRB As with most other railways, Butterley owns several unique carriages, which are only used on very special occasions. The Matthew Kirtley shed is the largest building on the Swanwick Junction site and holds all the exhibits of the museum. Below is a list of stock that can be found inside. As of March 2022 it is currently closed to the public awaiting repair of

1880-750: The systems developed by German cost retailer Aldi and the Danish supermarket chain Netto . Midland Railway Centre The Midland Railway – Butterley is a heritage railway and museum complex at Butterley , near Ripley in Derbyshire . The Midland Railway – Butterley lies on the Ambergate to Pye Bridge line of the old Midland Railway , a line once connecting the Derwent Valley branch of Midland Main Line to

1927-546: The trackbed of a former plateway built by the Butterley Company in 1813 to connect its iron works facilities in Butterley to nearby Codnor Park . The line was closed in 1968 and the process of restoring the line started in 1973. Much of the former track bed was razed in 1976, when the nearby section of the A38 was constructed between Ripley and Alfreton ; the route of the A610 between

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1974-484: The workforce moved into the new industrial areas, resulting in the building of more than 4,000 churches during the mid-19th century, and an upsurge of nonconformism led to a demand for even more buildings. The Church of England , influenced by Pugin , the Cambridge Camden Society and John Ruskin , was initially sceptical about corrugated-iron buildings. However, manufacturers found other markets, notably in

2021-723: The yard is also the Star Tugs Trust carriage; a BR Mk1 (BG 80590) this is owned by the Star Tugs trust and holds a permanent exhibition of some original models from TUGS - the sister show of Thomas & Friends . It is open on certain running days. Swanwick Junction site holds the main complex for the Midland Railway Centre. Operating on Sundays and Bank Holiday Mondays, miniature replicas of classic steam and diesel engines of both 3 + 1 ⁄ 2  in ( 89 mm ) and 5 in ( 127 mm ) gauge operate on

2068-860: Was announced that Indietracks festival would no longer be held. The steam engines of the Midland Railway Trust that run passenger services are mostly ex-LMS and BR locomotives of similar designs. Rarer industrial and mainline classes (such as one from as early as 1866), are stored in the Swanwick museum shed. Made first post overhaul moves in October 2023 with re-entry to service planned to take place in December 2023. Planned to be outshopped in maroon livery as 16440. Regularly used for rail tours . 0-6-0 Shunter 0-4-0 Shunter These coaches are only in use on vintage days. Restored coaches are run alongside MR coaches on certain running days. As with most railways, BR Mk1s are

2115-555: Was especially true for mobile activities, or for new settlements. Elmina Castle , the first slave fort in West Africa , was also the first European prefabricated building in Sub-saharan Africa . In North America , in 1624 one of the first buildings at Cape Ann was probably partially prefabricated, and was rapidly disassembled and moved at least once. John Rollo described in 1801 earlier use of portable hospital buildings in

2162-569: Was not extensively adopted in Britain, however was widely adopted elsewhere, particularly in Eastern Europe. Prefabricated homes were produced during the Gold Rush in the United States, when kits were produced to enable Californian prospectors to quickly construct accommodation. Homes were available in kit form by mail order in the United States in 1908. Prefabricated housing was popular during

2209-720: Was restored by Laragh Heritage Group in 2014; the spire, main structure and the stained-glass windows were repaired. The building is now in regular use for small local events. 54°18′48″N 8°12′53″W  /  54.3132°N 8.2148°W  / 54.3132; -8.2148  ( Rearcross Church ) (formerly Wesleyan ) (formerly Union Church) (formerly non-denominational ) (formerly Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia ) Citations Bibliography Download coordinates as: [REDACTED] Media related to Tin tabernacles at Wikimedia Commons Prefabricated building Buildings have been built in one place and reassembled in another throughout history. This

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