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60-582: The Tiger Inn clubhouse is the oldest of the Princeton Eating Club houses. It is both architecturally distinct, built in the Tudor style, and historically notable. "The Clubhouse is designed in the timbered style of the 15th century and modeled especially after an old inn in Chelsea.". The clubhouse was built in 1895 for an original club membership of 30 undergraduates. The clubhouse has been in continuous use since

120-774: A 1927 essay on Princeton for the magazine College Humor , Fitzgerald elaborated: "Tiger Inn cultivates a bluff simplicity. Its membership is largely athletic and while it pretends to disdain social qualifications it has a sharp exclusiveness of its own." Fitzgerald's comments were written during his time at Princeton University, when the membership of each of the Eating Clubs was male only. Women were not accepted as undergraduates at Princeton until 1969. Debate over co-ed Eating Club membership abounded from 1969 until 1991. In 1979, undergraduate Sally Frank filed suit against then all-male clubs Ivy Club, Cottage Club, and Tiger Inn for gender discrimination. While Cottage chose to coeducate during

180-425: A card room. In the fall of 1926 the clubhouse was substantially improved; during the six weeks of these alterations club members were required to take their meals at the surrounding clubs. By 1928 the kitchen had been moved to the south of the building. The changes to the clubhouse from 1926 to 1928 were well timed as this coincided with an expansion of the membership. The financing of the renovations placed Tiger Inn on

240-499: A complaint with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services stating that the university endorsed a discriminatory policy by providing security and maintenance for the eating clubs. The department began an investigation but dismissed the case in April 1980. Despite this loss, the N.J. Division on Civil rights agreed to re-hear the case. Throughout this legal fight, Frank continued to complete her final undergraduate years at Princeton. During

300-507: A course related to architecture, following the precedent set by Princeton Professor Marquand. In addition to Spence, Tiger Inn has produced well over 100 members of Phi Beta Kappa . Its members have earned at least three Rhodes, and two Marshall, Scholarships. TI members serve as research scientists at the Bell Labs and NASA and in the research or "Think Tank" roles of such commercial organizations as international financial institutions and

360-401: A lottery system, the more exclusive clubs require them to go through a process called bickering, a lengthy interview process similar to rushing at traditional fraternities or sororities . Frank was allowed to attend her appointments but was ignored by the clubs and did not receive bids, or invitations to join. Two other women who also tried were denied. The president of Cottage Club said at

420-405: A petition collected over 300 signatures calling on the all-male clubs to accept women, supported by the on-campus Women's Center, established in 1971. It was the cause of much debate and tension on the campus. The lawsuit was re-heard in 1980, then dismissed a second time. It was appealed and won, then in 1982 the decision was reversed. In 1985 the N.J. Division on Civil Rights finally ruled that

480-647: A positive and notable association with the club, whether as members of the Princeton University community or as individuals whose principal affiliation with the Princeton community is their association with the Tiger Inn. Tiger Inn's membership was once described by F. Scott Fitzgerald in This Side of Paradise (1920) as "broad-shouldered and athletic, vitalized by an honest elaboration of prep-school standards." In

540-426: A settlement. Eventually another ruling in 1987 said that the law required the clubs to go co-ed. In 1988, Cottage Club admitted 27 women in the first year of co-ed bickering. Tiger Inn and Ivy Club remained male-only and continued to push back, appealing the decision again. Later that year the ruling of 1987 was reversed and Frank and Taub had to start over. On campus students continued the fight, including founding

600-586: Is a professor at Wisconsin Polytechnique Institute. Will Garwood continues to serve Princeton as vice chairman of advisory board to the James Madison Program On June 12, 2012, Robert J Hugin was elected a Charter Trustee of Princeton University Tiger Inn's members have been active in literature and the arts. Jesse Williams won the first Pulitzer Prize in Drama. Frank Taplin was president of

660-399: Is awarded after successful completion of a process called bicker . During bicker, prospective members interact with current members who then convene to vote on whether the prospective members should "receive a bid," or be invited to join the club. The club has designated its 26 original founding members as "Charter Members:" at the time of the club's founding, these members were known within

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720-634: Is co-author of the leading book in his field, Distressed Investment Banking: To the Abyss and Back . Chauncey Loomis remains Tiger Inn's only Arctic explorer. Several members of the Tiger Inn have served the United States as uniformed officers of its Armed Forces. TI was founded just over 20 years after the end of the Civil War. TI members have served in the Spanish–American War, World War I, World War II,

780-758: The Columbia School of Architecture and at the American School of Classical Studies in Rome and in Athens . In 1899, 1904, and 1909, he was at the head of archaeological expeditions in Syria. He became professor of the history of architecture at Princeton in 1905. Turkey's unsolicited request that he oversee the excavation of Sardis represented a rare distinction for an American and a Christian. He directed five seasons of archaeological work at Sardis from 1910 to 1914, interrupted by

840-565: The F & M Schaefer Brewing Company of Brooklyn, New York. His product, Schaefer Beer , was the world's best selling beer until the mid-1970s. Robert Hugin is chairman and president of Celgene , the New Jersey pharmaceutical company. Michael Novogratz is president of the Fortress Investment Group N.J. Nicholas Jr was president of HBO in its earliest days, president of Time Inc in 1986 and co-ceo of Time Warner in 1990. He served

900-574: The Stanford Graduate School of Business and is presently chairman of the Commission for Growth and Development . Princeton University's School of Architecture was founded in 1919 through the efforts of Tiger Inn Charter Member Howard Clark Butler and his fellow faculty members. He became the School of Architecture's director in 1920. Professor Butler was only the second Princeton Professor to offer

960-1140: The World War I . Most of the resulting finds kept in the excavation house perished in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–22 , thwarting the publication of projected volumes on pottery, lamps, bronze and stone objects, ivories, bones and glass. Butler became unwell on August 11, 1922 after returning from Sardis , via Naples. He was admitted to the American Hospital of Paris in Neuilly on August 13 and died that night. He wrote many articles for archaeological journals and notable books on Scotland's Ruined Abbeys (1900) and The Story of Athens (1902). Expedition documents include “Architecture,” Part II of Publications of American Expedition to Syria (1903) and “Ancient Architecture in Syria,” in Division II of Publications of Princeton Expedition to Syria . Sally Frank JD, New York University School of Law Sally Frank sued

1020-511: The 1896 American Olympic team earn 20 medals in total. Team Member Garrett delivered the most unexpected upset of the 1896 Games when he won Gold in the Discus, outperforming his Greek rival to win the most symbolic sport carried over from the ancient Olympics to the modern Olympic games. TI members continued to participate in the Olympics after the 1896 Athens games. Garrett returned to the Olympics for

1080-541: The 1900 Paris games where he won two bronze medals. He was joined in the Paris games by John Cregan who won a silver medal in the 800 meters. John DeWitt competed in the 1904 St. Louis games; he was joined there by A. M. Woods , who earned a silver medal. Pete Raymond rowed in both the 1968 Mexico City and 1972 Munich games; he earned a silver medal in Munich. Most recently, in 2024, current TI member Maia Mei Weintraub competed in

1140-488: The BIG 4 accounting firms, among other organizations. Tiger Inn alumni have served many universities, including Princeton, as faculty members and as non-faculty instructors and administrators. Spence has served Harvard University, New York University and Stanford University. Butler served Princeton as did noted philologist W K. Prentice. Chauncey Loomis was a Dartmouth professor, and from there, led 5 Arctic expeditions. James Harland

1200-621: The GHW Bush administration on the PCEQ (presidential commission on environmental quality) and on the advisory board to the US Trade Representative. After retiring from Time Warner in 1992, he served for 15 years as a trustee of Environmental Defense Fund, including seven years as board chair. He also served as advisory board chair of the Columbia School of Journalism. In 2014, two officers of

1260-664: The Korean war, the Vietnam war, Desert Storm and the more recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, among other armed conflicts. TI Members who served in World War I include Brigadier General Coulter, Medal of Honor recipient Gordon Johnston, and decorated World War I Flying Ace, "Ace" Vaughn. Tiger Inn lists well over 30 members who gave their lives in the service of their country. The memory of many of these TI alums are honored through their portraits kept at

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1320-716: The Metropolitan Opera in New York, the Cleveland Orchestra, and the Cleveland Institute of Music. Thomas Hoving was the director of New York's Metropolitan Museum of Art. And Barry S Friedberg is the chairman emeritus of the New York City Ballet. Jesse Williams, the author of Why Marry? , has been joined by several other Tiger Inn members as accomplished authors. William Edwards' book Football Days remains

1380-431: The Princeton University community as "The Sour Balls." The Active Membership is that portion of membership that uses the clubhouse on a daily basis and is composed principally of Princeton undergraduates, although graduate students have also been active members from time to time. Alumni Members frequently return to the Tiger Inn. The club also has two honorific categories of membership to recognize and honor those who have had

1440-724: The Women's Team Foil Fencing event for Team USA, where she carried her team to Olympic Gold. The victory marked the first time that the United States has taken gold in a team fencing event. Tiger Inn members have earned more than 12 Olympic medals. Garrett's lifetime record of 6 Olympic medals among Princeton athletes continues to stand. Tiger Inn members have been both Princeton football players, and professional football players. The College Football Hall of Fame lists many TI members in its ranks. Tiger Inn alumni have returned to Princeton to serve as Head Coaches of Princeton's football program. As college football head coaches, Tiger Inn alumni through

1500-470: The alumni insisted on continuing celebrations at the clubhouse. The centennial celebrations were concluded by the subsequent publication of the second club history entitled The Tiger Inn of Princeton, New Jersey, 1890–1997 . In February, 2016 The Tiger Inn marked its 125th anniversary with a dinner held at the Westin in Princeton, followed by continued celebrations at the clubhouse. Tiger Inn members acted to form

1560-484: The case all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court who then denied their petition in 1991. In February 1991, 27 women were accepted into the Tiger Inn, the last club to allow them to join. In the time since the lawsuit ended, the gender balance has significantly shifted at Princeton and in its eating clubs. Still, Sally Frank's legal fight is not fully forgotten on campus. In 2014, two student officers in Tiger Inn were removed from their positions for emails they sent, one with

1620-601: The class of 1900 compiled composite career coaching records of 175-31-5. They coached Princeton to at least one national championship. TI members who served as Princeton Football Head Coach include Garrett Cochran , Arthur Hillebrand and Robert Casciola . TI Members have also served as Head Coaches of Football at Annapolis, Berkeley, Bowdoin, Georgetown, and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, among other colleges. Charlie Gogolak and Cosmo Iacavazzi are two prominent TI members who became professional football players. Through

1680-435: The club by Mrs. Thomas Harrison Garrett (the former Alice Dickerson Whitridge (1851–1920), "the widow of a Princeton trustee and mother of three of Princeton's most prominent graduates of the 1890s" Robert Garrett , John W. Garrett , and ???); these furnishings remain in use to this day. The funding for the original clubhouse, the land, and the club's other furnishings were provided by the club's membership, although all at

1740-422: The club to admit women: “Ever wonder who we have to thank (blame) for gender equality. Looking for someone to blame for the influx of girls? Come tomorrow and help boo Sally Frank.” Howard Crosby Butler Howard Crosby Butler (March 7, 1872 Croton Falls, New York – August 13, 1922 Neuilly ) was an American archaeologist. Butler graduated from Princeton University , and later pursued special studies at

1800-409: The club were removed from their positions after sending emails of ridiculing women. One of the emails included a sexually explicit photograph showing a woman engaged in a sex act with a man at the Tiger Inn. The woman in the photo was called an "Asian chick" and the email contained what has been described as a "crude joke". In a second email the club's treasurer wrote about the alumna whose lawsuit forced

1860-414: The club's alumni, the expanded facilities include a new dining hall and improvements to the spaces normally reserved for social events. The new facilities provide a more suitable building to serve the club's Active Membership, now up from 26 to over 150 in any given year, and club alumni exceeding 2000 in 2012. Fundraising for the completed project continues. Tiger Inn is a selective club, meaning membership

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1920-635: The club's history Tiger Inn members have also featured prominently in other collegiate sports in which Princeton competes. In 2012 the Princeton men's squash team won the National Collegiate Championship powered by the performances of three Tiger Inn members. Tiger Inn's sole winner of a Nobel Prize, thus far, is economist Michael Spence, the winner of the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics together with George Akerlof and Joseph Stiglitz . During his illustrious career Spence has served as dean of

1980-408: The club's membership and leadership, including members of both its Graduate Council and the undergraduate officers have included many notable Princeton alumnae and female students, respectively. In 2015 Grace Larsen was elected as the club's first female president. That same year Maria Yu was elected as treasurer, and Victoria Hammarskjold was elected as communication chair, thus making it the first time

2040-579: The club's undergraduate officers were gender-balanced, with three women and three men. The full membership of the club, including all living alumni, have met four times to commemorate anniversaries of Tiger Inn. The highlight of the club's fiftieth anniversary celebration was the publication of the club's first official history, written by Charlie Mulduar and released in March 1940, just before America's involvement in World War II. The club's seventy-fifth anniversary

2100-504: The clubhouse, mainly in the upstairs Library. TI members have also served their communities through various positions at the Federal, State and local levels. Tiger Inn members have served as United States Senator and United States Ambassador at the federal level, Speaker of the House in New Jersey at the state level, and Deputy Mayor of New York City at the local level. Senator John Danforth ranks as

2160-475: The clubs pushed back hard. In the 1980s the clubs sold shirts featuring a picture of Frank's face, given a mustache and the slogan "Better Dead Than Coed." Ultimately, Cottage Club decided to become coed in 1986, but both Ivy Club and Tiger Inn continued to appeal the decision, even after the final court order in 1990. The appeal went all the way to the US Supreme Court but was unsuccessful in changing

2220-452: The clubs were not private because they were bound by "historical, not just superficial ties." Ivy Club and Tiger Inn fought back, filing countersuits in 1986 and appealing the decision. The judge who heard the countersuit, Robert Miller, stated that the clubs could sever formal ties with the university and remain all-male. Just before the decisions, though, the university expressed public support for Frank and agreed to pay her attorney fees in

2280-425: The decision. When Princeton became co-ed in 1969, some of the eleven eating clubs introduced coed policies immediately. A year later, five more clubs accepted female members. By 1971, only three all-male clubs remained: Cottage Club , Ivy Club , and Tiger Inn . The eating clubs are at the center of the campus life and many upperclassmen go there for dinner every night. They are about more than just eating however;

2340-663: The definitive account of American Football in the 19th century. Classics Professor John Fine wrote several books, including The Ancient Greeks: A Critical History. Samuel Armistead wrote Spanish Tradition in Louisiana, which remains the definitive study on the use of the Spanish language in that state. H K Twichell wrote Regeneration in the Ruhr: The Unknown Story of a Decisive Answer to Communism in Postwar Europe . Henry Owsley

2400-401: The end of multi-generational lists of Princeton alumni. Eating clubs initially grew out of the university's ban on fraternities in the late 1800s and the lack of dining options on campus. The university does not regulate them to this day, allowing them to be fully managed and operated by their student members. The clubs say they are not affiliated with the school, yet around three-quarters of

2460-435: The facility first opened. The architect for the clubhouse's original plan was G Howard Chamberlain. According to The Tiger Inn's official history, "Princeton myth [also] credits [the original plans for the clubhouse] to Howard Crosby Butler , Class of 1892 (a [Charter] member of Tiger Inn and Princeton's first Professor of architectural history)." The clubhouse's central hall was filled with massive antique furniture presented to

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2520-488: The firm financial footing it would need to survive the Great Depression. The distinctive clubhouse has recently undergone renovations, improvements and enlargements as part of its “21st Century Expansion and Renovation Project,” for which the commissioned architect was Connolly Architecture, Inc. The project was completed with the formal dedication of the new club facilities on the weekend of 11-11-11. Funded entirely by

2580-730: The first American Olympics team for the first modern Olympic games in Athens in 1896. Most of the first American Olympic team came from Princeton, Harvard University and the Boston Athletic Association . Four Princetonians, including three Tiger Inn members, participated in those games. The TI members earned six medals in total: two gold, three silver medals, and one bronze; the four Princetonians earned 7 medals in total. The three TI members were Robert Garrett, Herb Jamison and Frank Lane; they were joined by Princetonian Al Tyler , who also medalled. These four Princeton athletes' 7 medals helped

2640-464: The intervening years, Ivy Club and Tiger Inn were forced to become co-ed organizations in 1991, after their appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court regarding Frank's lawsuit was denied. The New Jersey Supreme Court had ruled in Frank v. Ivy Club that the failure to open membership to women violated the state's anti-discrimination statute. In modern times, the membership of The Tiger Inn is distinctly coed, and

2700-454: The ongoing suit. Frank described working alongside Taub and learning from her, "Nadine was a role model and an incredible feminist [...] She was a strategic thinker and a sharp litigator, and working with someone of that depth and commitment was a remarkable experience. She taught me how to be a lawyer." While Frank continued the fight on a legal level, female students at Princeton in the 1980s continued to push for inclusion on campus. In 1985,

2760-479: The organization "Coalition for Coeducated Eating Clubs." They brought in professors, administrators and alumni, which helped campus attitudes shift. They held multiple demonstrations and got on-campus sponsorships, such as from the Women's Center. Finally, the N.J Supreme Court ruled that the eating clubs would have to open for women on July 3, 1990. Women joined Ivy Club for the first time the following fall. Tiger Inn still did not accept women, and continued to appeal

2820-511: The reorganizations and turnarounds at two major corporations, the Consolidation Coal Company and The Chrysler Corporation, where he was chairman. Barry S Friedberg served as head of investment banking at Merrill Lynch, before its merger with Bank of America; under his leadership Merrill climbed to the top of the industry league tables in every category he managed. Rudolph J. Schaefer ran his family's highly acclaimed Brooklyn brewery,

2880-509: The rest of her time there she endured verbal and physical harassment, including frequently receiving obscene phone calls from Cottage members. Even after her graduation the eating clubs continued to vilify her. The eating club lawyers seemed to enjoy displaying their blatant sexism. Frank recalled the Tiger Inn lawyer wearing Playboy bunny suspenders to a settlement conference. Frank went on to earn her Juris Doctor degree from New York University School of Law and became her own co-counsel in

2940-515: The school's upperclassmen eat all their meals there and 68% of them are members. Membership lasts for life and can be an important way to access alumni networks. In the fall of 1977, Sally Frank, a sophomore at Princeton, applied for membership to the all-male eating clubs under the name S.B. Frank and with gender marked as male. Frank received appointments at all five of the most selective eating clubs, three of which were male-only. While many clubs allow students to simply sign-up and choose based on

3000-547: The senior-most elected politician as an Active Member of the club while a Princeton undergraduate. United States President Grover Cleveland accepted an Honorary Membership in Tiger Inn, making him the senior-most elected politician to have joined the club in this membership category. TI alum Louis Le Guyader is among the first candidates ever to run for the new elective office of DEPUTE to the French National Assembly from his home in New York - his new electoral district

3060-422: The social significance of the clubs is great, and leadership roles in particular are a sign of status and achievement. Even today they are a tool for social stratification and face critiques of exclusiveness, particularly on the subjects of race and class. Their elitist nature has long been the cause of controversy. Cottage Club and Ivy Club in particular are known for having a lot of "legacy people," meaning those at

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3120-485: The three all-male eating clubs at Princeton University in 1978 for denying her on the basis of her gender. Over ten years later, in 1990 the eating clubs were defined as " public accommodation " and court ordered to become co-ed due to the efforts of Sally Frank, her attorney Nadine Taub and the Women's Rights Litigation Clinic of Rutgers Law School . The eating clubs argued that they were completely private and separate from

3180-456: The time recognized the extraordinary support and contributions of the Garrett family. Renovations to the clubhouse have continued since it was built in 1895. During 1922–1923 a room was added to the left of the front door and the second floor was remodeled; the second floor alterations were never used for their intended purpose as members quickly converted the new portion of the second floor space to

3240-590: The time that women were not "legitimate candidates." The president of Tiger Inn said, "They were not offered a bid because they were registered illegally for Bicker." While angry, Frank did not decide to sue until she took a summer job at the ACLU of New Jersey and the executive director explained that she could sue based on the fact that the clubs are public accommodations. When she returned her junior year, she registered to bicker again knowing it would make her case stronger if she had been rejected after multiple attempts. She

3300-468: The university, each of which insisted that the clubs were exempt from anti-discrimination law because they were private, non-university institutions. Taub's argued the opposite, that their integrated nature with the university meant they were covered under the same laws. In the first of many loses, the N.J. Division on Civil Rights ruled that the clubs were private in June 1979. Later the same year, Frank filed

3360-406: The university, giving them the right to sex discrimination. After many rounds in the courts, this argument eventually failed. The winning argument stated that the clubs were in fact not separate, and instead functioned as an arm of the university itself. This meant that the clubs were in the end covered by New Jersey's anti-discrimination law and forced to admit women. Throughout the legal process,

3420-412: Was a professor of classics at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. John Fine joined the Princeton faculty in 1940 from Yale as a professor of Classics and retired in 1972. Richard H Williams is a professor of history at Southern Methodist University. Samuel Armistead is a professor of Spanish language and literature at UC Davis. Sean Smith is a professor of computer science at Dartmouth. Joseph Haid

3480-556: Was created under a change to the French Constitution in 2008 and is meant to represent French Citizens living in the United States and Canada. As such he is the first TI member ever to seek elective office abroad. Arthur M Wood was chairman and C.E.O. of Sears and credited with its turnaround in the 1960s. He was also responsible for the building of Sears Tower in Chicago, whose last steel beam bears his signature. George H Love led

3540-579: Was held on December 9, 1965, at the Hotel Roosevelt in New York. The celebrations for the 100th anniversary of the club began in 1988 with a small informal meeting of 40 alumni at the Princeton Club of New York who began to plan the centennial celebrations. The centennial celebrations peaked with the club's Hundredth Anniversary Dinner held on October 20, 1990, at the Hyatt in Princeton, following which many of

3600-485: Was refused appointments. The clubs' presidents said "their primary responsibility is toward sophomore males" and Frank's presence "might disrupt the process, noting that last year club members complained [to him] after Frank bickered." After being denied twice, she went to the Rutger's Women's Rights Litigation Clinic for support. In February 1979, Taub took on the case, and filed a lawsuit against all three male-only clubs and

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