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107-711: Tiger Airways Singapore Pte Ltd , operating as Tigerair , was a low-cost airline headquartered in Singapore . It operated services to regional destinations in Southeast Asia, Bangladesh, Taiwan, China and India from its main base at Singapore Changi Airport . It was founded as an independent airline in 2003, and was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange under the Tiger Airways Holdings name in 2010. In October 2014, parent company Tiger Airways Holdings became

214-578: A Human Development Index of 0.800 (very high), ranking fifth among all municipalities and provinces of Vietnam. Most of the names by which Da Nang has been known make reference to its position at the Hàn River estuary. The city's present name is generally agreed to be a Vietnamese adaptation of the Cham word da nak , which is translated as "opening of a large river". Other Chamic sources, with similar definitions, have been proposed. Inrasara (aka Phú Trạm),

321-426: A cost of available seat mile (CASM) advantage in relation to the traditional and established, legacy airlines such as Trans World Airlines and American Airlines . Often this CASM advantage has been attributed solely to the lower labor costs of the newly hired and lower pay grade workers of new start-up carriers, such as ValuJet , Midway Airlines, and their like. However, these lower costs can also be attributed to

428-681: A clear negative trend in the first decade of the 21st century. Gross output has also been decreasing during the second half of the decade. Given Da Nang's lack of agricultural land (9200ha as of 2007) and its location at the coast, fishing has been contributing more to the economy than agriculture, with a gross output more than twice that of agriculture. Da Nang is a diversified industrial center, including industries such as machinery, electrics, chemicals, shipbuilding, and textiles. Specific industrial products include aquatic products, fabric, clothes, bricks, fertilizer, cement, soap, paper, and medical tablets. The city's industry may diversify further. EADS

535-797: A domestic legacy airline and one or more foreign investors. By mid-2013, these new LCCs were operating at a unit cost of around 8 yen per seat-kilometer, compared to 10–11 yen per seat-kilometer for domestic legacy airlines. However, their unit cost was still much higher than the 3 yen per seat-kilometer for AirAsia in Malaysia , due to the higher cost of landing fees and personnel in Japan. By 2017, low-cost carriers had achieved market share of 57.2% in South Asia and 52.6% in Southeast Asia. Market share remained somewhat lower in Europe at 37.9% and North America at 32.7%. For

642-422: A flight on a full-service carrier. Most airlines charge additional taxes and fees on their tickets. Some low-cost airlines have been known to charge fees for the seemingly ridiculous, such as levying a credit card charge if credit card is the only payment method accepted. While tour and package operators have offered lower-priced, lower-frilled traveling for a large part of modern airline history, not until during

749-650: A fortress (đồn) to a citadel (thành) in 1835. One of the first Europeans to visit Da Nang was Portuguese explorer António de Faria , who anchored in Da Nang in 1535. Faria was one of the first Westerners to write about the area and, through his influence, Portuguese ships began to call regularly at Hội An , which was then a much more important port than Da Nang. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, French and Spanish traders and missionaries regularly made landfall at Hội An , just south of Đà Nẵng. An American, John White, arrived at Da Nang (then called Turon ) on 18 June 1819 in

856-541: A greater number of add-on fees. In the US market, Allegiant Air , Frontier Airlines , Spirit Airlines , and Sun Country Airlines are considered to be ULCCs. In Europe, Ryanair and Wizz Air are the most prominent ULCCs. In Asia, AirAsia and Lion Air are the most prominent ULCCs. The pricing policy of the low-cost carriers is usually very dynamic as befits their business model, with frequent discounts and tickets in promotion. Like other carriers, however, even if

963-552: A higher age limit on unaccompanied minors than full-service carriers. Often these airlines do not offer connecting tickets, since the airline will have to pay for ground crew to transfer luggage. A customer may create a connection manually by purchasing two separate tickets, but these are considered separate contracts, and the passenger bears the risk if a delayed inbound flight causes a missed connection. When most countries had national monopolies, crews could negotiate pay raises and good pension benefits (something that costs money for

1070-778: A large-scale reduction of its fleet of Boeing 737 aircraft and operations. In March 2017, International Airlines Group established Level , a long-haul low-cost virtual airline based in Barcelona Airport and serving destinations in North and South America. Long-haul low-cost carriers are emerging on the transatlantic flights market with 545,000 seats offered over 60 city pairs in September 2017 (a 66% growth over one year), compared to 652,000 seats over 96 pairs for Leisure airlines and 8,798,000 seats over 357 pairs for mainline carriers . Former American Airlines CEO Bob Crandall thinks

1177-519: A minimum set of equipment, further reducing costs of acquisition and maintenance, as well as keeping the weight of the aircraft lower and thus saving fuel. Depending on the low-cost airline seats do not recline and do not have rear pockets, to reduce cleaning and maintenance costs. Others have no window shades. Pilot conveniences, such as ACARS , may be excluded. Often, no in-flight entertainment systems are made available, though many US low-cost carriers do offer satellite television or radio in-flight. It

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1284-460: A page from the mainline, major, or legacy carriers' desire to reduce costs in all ways possible in regards regional route networks by outsourcing regional operations to the lowest expense airline bidder capable of operating regional aircraft, a new generation of low-cost airlines (in name only) soon evolved in the US with varying levels of success. Among these varieties of low-cost and discount operators were noteworthy starts-ups that managed to get off

1391-654: A researcher specializing in Champa , suggests Da Nang is a variation of the Cham word daknan (lit. "the large water"); Sakaya (aka Văn Món), another Champa researcher, claims a connection with the Raglai word danang , meaning "river source". Another name given to Da Nang was Cửa Hàn (lit. "mouth of the Han [river]"). The name used by the French, Tourane , is said to derive from this name, by way of

1498-426: A residual force of the 196th Light Infantry Brigade stood down in Đà Nẵng. B Battery 3rd Battalion, 82nd Field Artillery Regiment fired the final U.S. artillery round and the 3rd Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment finished their final patrols. This residual force was known as "Operation Gimlet". After the US withdrawal from the conflict, in the final stage of the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam, Da Nang fell to

1605-504: A rough transliteration. Notably, this name (spelled "Cua han") appears on maps of the area drafted by Alexandre de Rhodes in 1650. The name Kean (cf. Kẻ Hàn , roughly "Han market") was another name purportedly used during the 17th century to refer to the land at the foot of the Hải Vân Pass . Other names referring to Da Nang include: The city's origins date back to the ancient kingdom of Champa , established in 192 AD. At its peak,

1712-560: A score of 68.79. This was a slight improvement from 2022 in which the province received a score of 68.52. In 2023, the province received its highest scores on the 'Informal Charges' and 'Law and Order’ criteria and lowest on 'Policy Bias' and ‘Access To Land’. Exports increased to US$ 575 million in 2008, but fell back to US$ 475 million in 2009. Despite its status as a city, 37,800 people in Da Nang were employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing as of 2007, producing 45,000t of rice and 41,000t of fish. However, employment in these sectors had

1819-512: A second base city by the end of the year. Possible growth regions included China, Southern India , Cambodia and Brunei . The airline's plan for a possible initial public offering was also revealed. At the same time, it announced that it saw an increase of 81 per cent in passengers carried in the months of April to June since its move to the Budget Terminal in March, compared to the same period in

1926-463: A simpler fare scheme, such as selling only one-way tickets. Typically fares increase as the plane fills up, which rewards early reservations. In Europe (and early in Southwest's history) luggage is not transferred from one flight to another, even if both flights are with the same airline. This saves costs and is thought to encourage passengers to take direct flights. Tickets are not sold with transfers, so

2033-449: A single aircraft type, so that cabin and ground crew will only have to be trained to work on one type of aircraft. This is also beneficial from a maintenance standpoint as spare parts and mechanics will only be dedicated to one type of aircraft. These airlines tend to operate short-haul flights that suit the range of narrow-body (single aisle) planes. As of lately, however, there is also a rise in demand for long range low-cost flights and

2140-465: A subsidiary of the SIA Group , who took a 56% ownership stake. On 18 May 2016, Singapore Airlines established Budget Aviation Holdings , a holding company to own and manage its budget airlines Scoot and Tiger Airways following the delisting of Tiger Airways from the Singapore Stock Exchange. Tigerair merged with Scoot on 25 July 2017, retaining its air operator's certificate while operating under

2247-752: A week, and Melbourne thrice weekly. On 11 March 2009, AirAsia X started its first low-cost long-haul service into Europe, to London Stansted . The daily flights are operated by two leased Airbus A340 -300s. A one-way economy-class ticket often costs £150, and the premium-class one-way often costs £350. On 12 January 2012, AirAsia announced that it would be suspending services to London on 1 April 2012. Low-cost European airline, Norwegian Air Shuttle , started long-haul low-cost operations in May 2013 under their Norwegian Long Haul arm. Norwegian initially operated flights to Bangkok and New York from Scandinavia using leased Airbus A340 aircraft, switching to new Boeing 787s in

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2354-575: Is also becoming a popular approach to install LCD monitors onto the aircraft and broadcast advertisements on them, coupled with the traditional route–altitude–speed information. Some allow priority boarding for an extra fee instead of reserved seating, and some allow reserving a seat in an emergency exit row (for longer leg room) at an extra cost. Like the major carriers, many low-cost carriers develop one or more bases to maximize destination coverage and defend their market. Many do not operate traditional hubs , but rather focus cities . Airlines often offer

2461-447: Is officially divided into eight district-level sub-divisions, including six urban districts ( Hải Châu , Thanh Khê , Cẩm Lệ , Sơn Trà , Ngũ Hành Sơn and Liên Chiểu ) and two rural districts ( Hòa Vang and Hoàng Sa ( Paracel Islands )). They are further subdivided into 45 wards and 11 communes. The city center of Da Nang is Hải Châu district . Before 1997, the city was part of Quang Nam–Da Nang Province. On 1 January 1997, Da Nang

2568-451: Is planning to set up an industrial park focused on the aviation industry in Da Nang. As of 2007, Da Nang industry was dominated by the state sector, which made up 57% of gross output . This is about the same as its share in 2000. Over 80% of the state industry is centrally managed (in other words: belongs to state corporations headquartered in Hanoi ). Almost half of the rest is contributed by

2675-579: Is the fifth-largest city in Vietnam by municipal population. It lies on the coast of the South China Sea of Vietnam at the mouth of the Hàn River , and is one of Vietnam's most important port cities. As one of the country's five direct-controlled municipalities , it falls under the administration of the central government . The city was known as Cửa Hàn during early Đại Việt settlement, and as Tourane (or Turon) during French colonial rule . Before 1997,

2782-555: Is the fifth-most populated city in Vietnam, with an area of 1,255.53 km (484.76 sq mi) and a population of 1,220,187 according to the update in 2022. Women make up 50.7% of Da Nang's population. Da Nang's population has been growing at rates of between 2.5% and 3% during most of the years between 2005 and 2011, significantly exceeding the national average of 1% to 1.2%. The growth rate briefly rose to 3.6% in 2010 before returning to its long-term trend with 2.68% in 2011. This

2889-616: Is the largest city in the region. It has a well-sheltered, easily accessible port, and its location on National Route 1 and the North–South Railway makes it a transport hub. It is within 100 km (62 mi) of several UNESCO World Heritage Sites , including the Imperial City of Huế , the Old Town of Hội An , and the Mỹ Sơn ruins. APEC 2017 was hosted in Da Nang. Da Nang has

2996-400: Is the reduction of cost and reduced overall fares compared to legacy carriers. Traditional airlines have also reduced their cost using several of these practices. Most low-cost carriers operate aircraft configured with a single passenger class, and some low-cost carriers choose to operate more than one type and configure their aircraft with more than one passenger class, but most operate just

3103-492: Is the third fastest growth rate in the country after the two southern manufacturing centers Bình Dương Province (4.41%) and Đồng Nai Province (3.5%). Đà Nẵng's population is estimated to reach one million inhabitants by 2014. Migration has been the dominant factor in the city's population growth at least since 2009, contributing 1.6% to 2.7% (2010) between 2009 and 2011. Out-migration has been relatively high in 2011 at 0.79% compared to 0.34% and 0.55% in previous years, while

3210-420: Is well known for using fuel hedging programs to reduce its overall fuel costs. Check-in at the gate of luggage requires fees, as it requires addition to the weight calculation and last-minute baggage handling. Online check-in is becoming common, again in the interest of avoiding personnel costs. Where permissible, some airlines have a disinclination to handle Special Service passengers, for instance by placing

3317-605: Is wholly owned by Tiger Airways Holdings Limited, a holding company set up in 2007 to manage both Tiger Airways and start-up Australian subsidiary Tigerair Australia , which has since been disposed to Virgin Australia . Tiger Airways Holdings Limited is listed on SGX since 2010. In October 2014, the Singapore Airlines group increased its stake to take a majority ownership in Tiger Airways Holdings, and according to

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3424-456: Is why Ryanair flies to Gatwick Airport , Luton Airport , and Stansted Airport in the London area and how easyJet is able to fly to Paris-Charles de Gaulle , and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . In London's case however, low-cost carriers would not be able to use Heathrow as the airport is running at near capacity, so there is no room to build a base. The airlines tend to offload, service and re-load

3531-826: The European Commission , the LCCs market share (44.8%) exceeded legacy carriers (42.4%) in 2012: between 2002 and 2017, LCC share of international seat capacity rose from 23% to 57% in the UK, from 10% to 55% in Italy and from 9% to 56% in Spain but have still room for growth in domestic seat-capacity In France with 19% and in Germany with 25% in 2017, compared with 66% in the UK, 48% in Spain and 47% in Italy. By early 2019, there were more than 100 LCCs operating 6,000 aircraft, doubled from 2,900 aircraft at

3638-536: The Imperial City of Hue , the Old Town of Hoi An , and the My Son ruins fuels much of its tourist activity. Mỹ Sơn is an archaeological site dating back more than a thousand years, in Quang Nam . Located in a remote forested valley some 70 km west of Da Nang, this former capital and religious center of the Champa kingdom once contained in excess of 70 style temples and stupas. Although badly damaged by bombing raids in

3745-568: The Provincial Competitiveness Index rankings in 2008, 2009, and 2010 (and was second after Bình Dương Province in the three years before that), benefiting mostly from good infrastructure, good performance in labour training, transparency, proactive provincial leadership and low entry costs. On Vietnam's Provincial Competitiveness Index 2023, a key tool for evaluating the business environment in Vietnam’s provinces, Danang received

3852-881: The UK and Canada for £89. In August 2006, Zoom announced a UK subsidiary to offer low-cost long-haul flights to the United States and India, but suspended its operations from 28 August 2008 due to high fuel prices inducing financial problems. In 2005, Emirates ' Tim Clark viewed long-haul low-cost as inevitable, flights could be operated on 760 seats all-economy Airbus A380s , or 870 for an hypothetical A380 stretch. Since 2005, Australia's Jetstar Airways operates international flights, starting with Christchurch , New Zealand. In late 2006, others followed from Sydney , Melbourne and Brisbane , to popular tourist destinations within 10 hours like Honolulu , Japan, Vietnam , Thailand and Malaysia . With new aircraft deliveries, it hopes to fly to

3959-624: The Vietnam War , what is now the Da Nang International Airport was a major air base used by the South Vietnamese and United States Air Forces . The base became one of the world's busiest aircraft hubs during the war, reaching an average of 2,595 aircraft traffic operations daily, more than any other airport and airbase in the world at that time. The final U.S. ground combat operations in Vietnam ceased on 13 August 1972, when

4066-498: The brig Franklin of Salem, Massachusetts , and was advised that the country was recovering from devastating wars, and that what little goods had been produced in the area was already allocated. Other American ships arriving shortly after were the Marmion of Boston , and the Aurora and Beverly of Salem. Conditions were such due to the wars that they were unable to conduct trade, and

4173-528: The 1960s, the site still has more than 20 structures and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1999. Many statues, sculptures and reliefs recovered from Mỹ Sơn are kept in the Museum of Cham Sculpture , near the Hàn River in the heart of Da Nang. Dating from the fourth to the 14th centuries, the sensual artwork on these works depicts daily activities as well as Hindu and Buddhist religious themes. The Marble Mountains are rocky limestone outcrops jutting out of

4280-464: The 2009 population census. The infant mortality rate was measured at 9.9 infant deaths per 1000 live births, less than two points above the nation's average for urban areas. The city has the highest urbanization ratio among provinces and municipalities in Vietnam , containing only 11 rural communes , the fewest of any province-level unit in Vietnam. As of 2009, 86.9% of Đà Nẵng's population lived in urban areas; average annual urban population growth

4387-539: The 2015 Annual Report Singapore Airlines Limited has a 56% ownership of the company: In November 2015, Singapore Airlines announced an offer to acquire the remaining 44.23% stake in Tiger Airways Holdings Limited for $ 0.41 per share. This represents a $ 0.10 premium, or 32% more than the price before the takeover was announced. The offer was conditional upon Singapore Airlines owning more than 90% of Tiger Airways, however Singapore Airlines has since extended

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4494-594: The Airbus A319 and A320 aircraft, respectively. Each seat measures up to 20.5 in (52.1 cm) in width and has a seat pitch of 28 in (71.1 cm) for standard rows and 34 in (86.4 cm) for exit rows. Tigerair offered food and beverages available for purchase as part of a buy on board programme - Tigerbites . The menu offered light meals such as instant noodles, sandwiches and salads. Hot and cold beverages as well as liquor were also available for purchase. A bi-monthly in-flight magazine, Tiger Tales ,

4601-588: The Chams' sphere of influence stretched from Huế to Vũng Tàu . The city of Indrapura , at the site of the modern village of Dong Duong in Quảng Nam Province (about 50 km (31 mi) from Da Nang), was the capital of Champa from about 875 to about 1000 AD. Also in the region of Da Nang were the ancient Cham city of Singhapura ("City of the Lion"), the location of which has been identified with an archeological site in

4708-667: The French as Cochinchina with the signing of the Treaty of Saigon . Through two more decades of conflict, the French gradually strengthened their hold on Vietnam, culminating in the establishment of French Indochina ( French : Union de l'Indochine Française ) in October 1887. Two years later, in 1889, the French colonists renamed the city Tourane, placing it under the control of the governor general of French Indochina . It came to be considered one of Indochina 's five major cities, among Hanoi , Saigon–Cholon , Haiphong , and Huế . In 1903,

4815-666: The Hàn Market ( Vietnamese : Chợ Hàn ), which is downtown near the west bank of the Hàn River, between Tran Phu and Bach Dang Streets. This market, much like Ben Thanh Market in Saigon , offers a wide variety of goods sold by many different vendors, such as clothing, silk, jewelry, flowers, foodstuffs such as dried fruit and fish, as well as coffee, tea and wine (including Vietnamese snake wine ). Many new construction projects are underway in Da Nang, including several beachfront resorts such as

4922-468: The Irish Aviation Authority. As supply increases, this sort of differentiation by brand is an important criteria for the future success of low-cost carriers, since many experts believe price competition alone is not enough, given the number of carriers. As the number of low-cost carriers has grown, these airlines have begun to compete with one another in addition to the traditional carriers. In

5029-604: The Middle East and 12% within Africa. A long-haul low-cost operation would be harder to differentiate from a conventional airline as there are few cost savings possibilities, while the seat costs would have to be lower than the competition. Long-haul aircraft scheduling is often determined by time zone constraints, like leaving the US East Coast in the evening and arriving in Europe

5136-574: The Scoot brand. Tiger Airways Singapore was incorporated on 12 December 2003 and began ticket sales on 31 August 2004. It has its head office in the Honeywell Building in Changi, Singapore. Services commenced on 15 September 2004 to Bangkok. Scheduled international services are operated from Singapore Changi Airport. The airline is a subsidiary of Tiger Airways Holdings, a Singapore-based company. In 2006,

5243-472: The Truong Son Orogenic Zone , whose main deformation occurred during the early Carboniferous period. Da Nang's topography is dominated by the steep Annamite mountain range to the north and north-west, which features peaks ranging from 700 to 1,500 m (2,300 to 4,900 ft) in height, and low-lying coastal plains with some salting to the south and east, with several white sand beaches along

5350-670: The US$ 130 million Hyatt Regency Danang Resort & Spa, and the Beach Resort complex (including Ocean Villas and Marriott Hotel) in Ngu Hanh Son . Another ambitious project, the US$ 250 million Da Phuoc International New Town aims to construct an entirely new urban area on reclaimed land on the city's north sea coast, making it the first major land reclamation project in Central Vietnam. Plans for

5457-399: The US, airlines have responded by introducing variations to the model. In Europe, the emphasis has remained on reducing costs and no-frills service. A secondary term ultra low-cost carrier ( ULCC ) has been used to differentiate some low-cost airlines whose model deviates further from that of a standard low-cost carrier, with ultra low-cost carriers having minimal inclusions in the fare and

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5564-440: The advertised base prices are very low, charges and taxes are typically not mentioned. With some airlines, some flights are advertised as free (plus applicable taxes, fees and charges). Depending on the airline, perhaps as many (or as few) as ten percent of the seats on any flight are offered at the lowest price and are the first to sell. The prices steadily rise thereafter to a point where they can be comparable or more expensive than

5671-673: The aircraft (turnaround) in shorter time periods and do not wait for late passengers, allowing maximum utilization of aircraft. Low-cost carriers generate ancillary revenue from a variety of activities, such as à la carte features and commission-based products. Some airlines may charge a fee for a pillow or blanket or for carry-on baggage. In Europe, it is common for each and every convenience and service to have an additional charge. Low-cost carriers intend to be low-cost, so in many cases employees work multiple roles. At some airlines flight attendants also work as gate agents or assume other roles, thereby limiting personnel costs. Southwest Airlines

5778-676: The airline can avoid responsibility for passengers' connections in the event of a delay. Low-cost carriers often have a sparse schedule with one flight per day and route, so it would be hard to find an alternative for a missed connection. Modern US-based low-cost carriers generally transfer baggage for continuing flights, as well as transferring baggage to other airlines. Many airlines opt to have passengers board via stairs, since jetways generally cost more to lease. Often, low-cost carriers fly to smaller, less congested secondary airports and/or fly to airports during off-peak hours to avoid air traffic delays and take advantage of lower landing fees . This

5885-498: The airline flew 1.2 million passengers, a growth of 75% from the previous year. The airline was the first to operate from the Budget Terminal at Changi Airport as part of its cost-saving operations structure, similar to Ryanair 's. Despite regional competition, the airline has reiterated its current intention to remain focused on flying within a five-hour radius from its Singaporean base. As of 25 September 2012, Tigerair Singapore operates from Singapore Changi Airport Terminal 2 due to

5992-573: The airlines only in the long term). During this period, most passengers were business travellers who paid high fares that covered these costs. After deregulation, which led to lower fares, many airlines remained bound to these salary agreements and pensions, whereas new low-cost carriers employed new staff with lower salaries, especially for cabin crew, keeping personnel costs low and allowing for competitive fares. In some cases airlines have gone bankrupt (e.g., Alitalia , Sabena , and Swissair ), and new airlines replaced them. Traditional carriers followed

6099-644: The availability of next generation planes that make long haul routes more feasible for LCCs. In the past, low-cost carriers tended to operate older aircraft purchased second-hand, such as the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and older models of the Boeing 737 . Since 2000, fleets generally consist of the newest aircraft, commonly the Airbus A320 family and Boeing 737. Although buying new aircraft is usually more expensive than second-hand, new planes are cheaper to operate in

6206-419: The central region of Vietnam. Danang boasts numerous educational institutes as well as important sites of economy. Da Nang is the largest city in central Vietnam and one of the country's most important ports. The city is surrounded by mountains to the west, and the South China Sea to the east. Da Nang borders Thừa Thiên-Huế Province across the Hải Vân Pass to the north, along with the Quảng Nam Province to

6313-418: The city was part of Quang Nam – Da Nang Province. On 1 January 1997, Da Nang was separated from Quảng Nam Province to become one of four centrally controlled municipalities in Vietnam. Da Nang is designated as a first class city , and has a higher urbanization ratio than any of Vietnam's other provinces or centrally governed cities . Da Nang is the commercial and educational center of Central Vietnam and

6420-540: The coast. Da Nang has a tropical monsoon climate with two seasons: a typhoon and wet season from September to December and a dry season from January to August. Temperatures have an annual average of around 26 °C (79 °F). Cold waves can occasionally occur, although they are of short duration. Temperatures are highest between June and August with mean temperatures of 28 to 30 °C (82 to 86 °F), and lowest between December and February (mean temperature of 18 to 23 °C (64 to 73 °F)). In Ba Na Hills,

6527-468: The colonial government authorised Société des docks et houillères de Tourane to proceed with the tramway construction, with its preliminary 9.5-kilometre stretch (between Observatory Point and Tourane Mỹ Khê) being opened on 9 November 1905. Under the state management, “Tramway de l’Îlot de l’Observatoire” opened to the public on 1 October 1907, stretching to Faifo ( Hoi An ) via Montagne de Marbre ( Marble Mountains ), operating until 31 December 1915. During

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6634-561: The communist forces 29–30 March 1975. Vietnam issued two special postage stamps to commemorate this event, within its "total liberation" stamp set issued 14 December 1976. Marble Mountain Air Facility , constructed in 1965, was also located in Da Nang. Since the era of the construction of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, Danang has become essentially the third city after Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi to be an important urban centre of

6741-412: The company produced a report card on its first year of operations, with a total of over 500,000 passengers carried, 5000 scheduled flights flown, and a flight completion rate of 98.7 per cent. 94 per cent of flight departures and 90 per cent of arrivals took place according to schedule. It acquired four aircraft and launched a total of nine routes – of which four are flown exclusively by the airline – during

6848-716: The company the sole brand owner. At the time of its integration with Scoot , Tigerair flew from Singapore to 38 destinations. For merged network, see List of Scoot destinations . Tigerair had a codeshare agreement with: On 16 May 2016, Tigerair joined the world's largest low-cost carrier alliance, Value Alliance. The new alliance was started with Philippines' Cebu Pacific, South Korea's Jeju Air, Thailand's Nok Air and NokScoot, Tigerair Singapore, Tigerair Australia and Japan's Vanilla Air. Tigerair's original founding shareholders were Singapore Airlines (49%), Bill Franke 's Indigo Partners (24%); Tony Ryan 's Irelandia Investments (16%) and Temasek Holdings (11%). Tigerair Singapore

6955-592: The continental US and Europe . In April 2006, the industry magazine Airline Business analysed the potential for low-cost long-haul service and concluded that a number of Asian carriers, including AirAsia, were closest to making such a model work. On 26 October 2006, Oasis Hong Kong Airlines started flying from Hong Kong to London-Gatwick . The lowest prices for flights between Hong Kong to London could be as low at £75 (approximately US$ 150) per leg (not including taxes and other charges) for economy class and £470 (approximately US$ 940) per leg for business class for

7062-410: The demolition of the Budget Terminal to make way for Terminal 4, completed in 2017. The airline encountered a period of relative difficulty for the aviation industry with rising oil prices and intense competition from other airlines. The airline held off imposing fuel surcharges as its competitors had done. With Singapore Airlines (SIA) having a stake in the airline, the airline occasionally fills in

7169-414: The effects of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. Tigerair resumed direct services to the location on 7 October 2005. In late July 2005, it was announced that the airline would commence flights from Macau to Manila (Clark) on 30 October 2005, a much-heralded move as it may signal the establishment of a secondary base besides Singapore, allowing the airline to expand and diversify risks. On 21 September 2005,

7276-670: The end of Skytrain . In late 2007, Cebu Pacific , the Philippines ' largest low-cost carrier, announced non-stop flights from the Philippines to the United States West Coast and other US cities from mid-2009. The airline also intends to launch low-cost service to Middle East , where around a million Filipinos are based, and in Europe. Flights to Dubai — its first long-haul destination — started in 2013. As of September 2024, it operates flights to Dubai daily, to Sydney four times

7383-601: The end of 2009, while seat capacity reached nearly 1.7 billion in 2018. LCCs accounted for 33% of intra-regional seat capacity in 2018 with 1.564 billion, up from 25% in 2008 with 753 million, and 13% of seat capacity between regions with 101 million, up from 6% in 2009 with 26 million. In 2018, penetration rate was 41% of seats within Europe, 36% within Latin America, 32% within North America, 29% within Asia Pacific, 17% within

7490-521: The first airline to operate at the newly opened Budget Terminal in Changi Airport on 26 March 2006. Tigerair became the first Singaporean low-cost carrier to receive operating permits from the Chinese aviation authorities to fly to the southern Chinese cities of Haikou , Guangzhou , and Shenzhen in an announcement on 21 February 2006. Ticket sales to these destinations commenced on 24 February 2006, with

7597-445: The first flight to Shenzhen taking place on 15 April, to Haikou from 26 April and to Guangzhou from 27 April 2006. The airline has since indicated that the routes were highly popular, with increased flights to Haikou and Guangzhou less than three months since their launch. In June 2006, flights to Da Nang were suspended. On 20 July 2006, the media reported on the airline's intentions to increase its routes from 15 to 20 and to establish

7704-561: The following morning, and the longer flight times mean there is less scope to increase aircraft utilization as in short-haul. The business model is financially risky , and many companies have entered bankruptcy , like Laker Airways . In 2004, Irish Aer Lingus maintains a full service on transatlantic flights while it lowered its prices to compete with Ryanair on short haul. Late in 2004, Oasis Hong Kong Airlines offered London to Hong Kong flights from £199, and Canadian Zoom Airlines started selling transatlantic flights between

7811-594: The foreign-invested sector, while the private domestic sector is still relatively small and has not been able to significantly increase its share compared to the state sector. Industry grew by an average of 14.8% per year from 2000 to 2007, making it the main engine of economic growth. However, it has the second lowest industrial growth rate in the South Central Coast (behind only Khanh Hoa Province ). Employment has grown at an average of 5.75%, reaching 118,900 in 2007. Historically, Da Nang's main marketplace has been

7918-505: The gap when SIA drops its services from certain destinations. Macau, once served by SIA before being taken up by its subsidiary, SilkAir, in 2002, terminated all flights completely by the end of 2004. Three months later, the route was taken over by Tigerair with flights commencing 25 March 2005. A similar pattern can be observed in Krabi, where SilkAir suspended services in February 2005 in the wake of

8025-401: The ground by using the larger aircraft services of established charter airlines. Among this group were the virtual airlines ; Direct Air , PeoplExpress , Western , and those that never began service such as JetAmerica . In Japan, low-cost airlines made major inroads into the market in 2012 when Peach , Jetstar Japan and AirAsia Japan began operations, each with financial sponsorship by

8132-424: The in-migration rate has been exceeding 2% since 2009 and was at 2.28% in 2011. Đà Nẵng's natural population growth is only slightly higher than the national average. Its crude birth rate was recorded at 18 live births per 1000 persons. The crude death rate was measured at 6.7 per 1000 persons in 2011. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 77.4 years for women and 72.4 years for men, or 74.8 years overall in

8239-602: The joint-venture Tigerair Australia and Tigerair Taiwan intact as Tigerair Australia 100% owned by Virgin Australia (Virgin Australia retains the Tigerair name and acquire the brand rights for Tigerair to operate to some international destinations from Australia.), while Tigerair Taiwan co-owned by China Airlines (80%) and its subsidiary Mandarin Airlines (10%) (with Tigerair hold 10%), respectively. On 13 January 2022, Tigerair Taiwan bought "Tigerair" brand ownership from Tigerair, making

8346-421: The largest commercial port in the central region. In 1847, French vessels dispatched by Admiral Cécille bombarded Đà Nẵng , ostensibly on the grounds of alleged persecution of Roman Catholic missionaries. In August 1858, once again ostensibly on the grounds of religious persecution, French troops, led by Admiral Charles Rigault de Genouilly , and under the orders of Napoleon III , landed in Đà Nẵng as part of

8453-721: The legacy carriers will force Long-haul LCCS to lose too much money and will continue to dominate. While Asian carriers like AirAsia X, Scoot , Cebu Pacific and Jetstar Airways are successful, the October 2018 demise of Primera Air and its $ 99 transatlantic flights illustrates the difficulties of the model, as the US World Airways will be relaunched in 2019. Norse Atlantic Airways was founded in 2021 and commenced operations in 2022, operating transatlantic flights as well as flights to Thailand beginning in 2023. Da Nang Da Nang or Danang ( Vietnamese : Đà Nẵng , Vietnamese pronunciation: [ɗaː˨˩ n̪a˧˥ˀŋ] )

8560-712: The less complex aircraft fleets and route networks with which these new carriers began operations, in addition to their reduced labor costs. To combat the new round of low-cost and start-up entrants into the very competitive and deregulated United States airline industry, the mainline major carriers and network legacy carriers strategically developed no-frills divisions within the main airlines brand and corporate structures. Among these were Continental Lite , Delta Express , MetroJet , Shuttle by United , Song , and Ted . However, most of these "airlines within an airline" were short-lived and quickly disposed-of when economic rationalization or competitive pressures subsided. Taking

8667-692: The letter of intent signed in June. The new aircraft will be deployed in Tigerair's Asia-Pacific network and the domestic operations in Australia. On 18 December 2007, Tigerair announced that it had taken up the options and made further orders to take their fleet of Airbus A320s to 70 in total. On 24 March 2014, Tigerair signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Airbus to purchase 37 Airbus A320neo aircraft with 13 options. In October 2014, Tigerair announced 12 aircraft would be subleased to IndiGo over three to four years to reduce excess capacity. All aircraft offered single-class economy seating of 144 and 180 seats in

8774-485: The long run since they are extremely efficient in terms of fuel, training, maintenance, and crew costs per passenger. In 2013, ch-aviation published a study about the fleet strategy of low-cost carriers. They stated that major LCCs that order aircraft in large numbers get large discounts for doing so, and due to this they can sell their aircraft just a few years after delivery at a price high enough to keep their operating costs relatively low. Aircraft often operate with

8881-666: The low-cost carriers by enabling web check-in, encouraging machine check-in at the airport, and generally reducing ground personnel cost. The number of crew members follow international conventions that require one flight attendant per 50 passenger seats and two pilots. However, carriers can save money by reducing the amount of ground crew. Carriers hire pilots through third-party agencies based in low-tax countries without benefits for sick pay, pensions or health insurance. Traditional carriers have also started to try this, including starting their own low-tax agencies. These agencies can easily find less experienced co-pilots and cabin crew, as

8988-466: The modern village of Trà Kiệu, and the valley of Mỹ Sơn , where a number of ruined temples and towers can still be viewed. In the latter half of the 10th century, the kings of Indrapura came into conflict with the Đại Việt , who were then based at Hoa Lư near modern Hanoi . Champa had been independent, it found itself in need to defend its territory to contain the threat posed by the Khmer Empire in

9095-562: The offer until 8 January 2016, for it currently only owns 74.5% of Tigerair. The following table shows the business trends of Tigerair Singapore, excluding other Tigerair subsidiaries and associated airlines. At the time the airline merged with Scoot , the Tigerair fleet consisted of the following all- Airbus aircraft: On 21 June 2007, Tigerair announced it had signed a letter of intent to purchase 30 aircraft worth US$ 2.2 billion, with another 20 on option. These would be delivered between 2011 and 2014. On 10 October 2007, Tigerair confirmed

9202-404: The parent company of Tigerair, Singapore Airlines announced a merger of Tigerair and Scoot with Tigerair coming into the Scoot brand. It will allow both airlines to achieve synergies in fare costs and revenue and operate under the same Air operator's certificate or AOC. Tigerair officially merged with Scoot and began operating under the Scoot brand on 25 July 2017, while the rebranding will leave

9309-424: The post– Vietnam War era did this business model escalate. Through various ticket consolidators, charter airlines , and innovators in lower-frills flying, such as Channel Airways and Court Line , the traveling public had been conditioned to want to travel to new and increasingly further away and exotic locations on vacation, rather than short-haul trips to nearby beach resorts. The world's first low-cost airline

9416-515: The previous year. Tigerair started services from Singapore to Perth on 23 March 2007. On 25 October 2010, Tigerair announced that it would withdraw from Bangalore effective 14 November 2010, citing no reason. Tigerair resumed its flights between Singapore and Bangalore on 31 October 2011. On 19 August 2015, Tigerair announced it was expanding its network with the addition of Quanzhou and Lucknow as new destinations, commencing services on 28 September and 3 December respectively. On 4 November 2016,

9523-868: The profession is popular, but there are problems for low-cost carriers to recruit and keep captains who have to be experienced. At IATA , a LCC operation is defined as including the following characteristics, at least to some degree: While low-cost airlines differ in service offerings, by definition they feature most of the following: Not every low-cost carrier implements all of the above points. For example, some try to differentiate themselves with allocated seating, while others operate more than one aircraft type, still others have relatively high operating costs but lower fares. JetBlue , for instance, has in-flight entertainment in every passenger seat. Other airlines are limited on what points they can implement based on local laws. For example, Irish low cost airlines cannot remove window blinds from its aircraft, as they are required by

9630-542: The punitive Cochinchina Campaign . The French overpowered the Vietnamese stationed in Da Nang, swiftly occupying the city and Tiên Sa peninsula (present-day Sơn Trà peninsula). The occupying forces were quickly placed under siege by the Vietnamese army under the command of Nguyễn Tri Phương, and were eventually forced to retreat in March 1860. The French were able to invade the southern stronghold of Saigon and, in June 1862, several provinces of southern Vietnam were ceded to

9737-482: The rulers of the Lý dynasty . Soon afterward, Vietnamese farmers began moving into the untilled former Cham lands, turning them into rice fields and moving relentlessly southward, delta by delta, along the narrow coastal plain. The southward expansion of Đại Việt (known as Nam Tiến ) continued for several centuries, culminating in the annexation of most of the Cham territories by the end of the 15th century. The Điện Hải Citadel

9844-494: The same route. From 28 June 2007, a second long-haul route to Vancouver, British Columbia , was started. The company ceased operations on 9 April 2008, after over a billion Hong Kong dollars in losses. On 2 November 2007, AirAsia X , a subsidiary of AirAsia and Virgin Group flew its inaugural flight from Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia, to Gold Coast , Australia. AirAsia X claims that it is the first true low-cost long-haul carrier since

9951-403: The second half of 2013 after Boeing resumed deliveries following extensive problems and delays. It served direct routes from the United States ( Los Angeles , Fort Lauderdale , New York City , Oakland-San Francisco , Boston and Orlando ) into Scandinavia ( Oslo , Stockholm , Copenhagen ). In January 2021 Norwegian announced the immediate cessation of their long-haul operations, along with

10058-422: The south and west. It is 764 km (475 mi) south of Hanoi , and 964 km (599 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City . The city has a total land area of 1,283.42 km (495.53 sq mi), of which 241.51 km (93.25 sq mi) are urban districts and 1,041.91 km (402.28 sq mi) are rural districts. Geologically, Da Nang is at the edge of a Paleozoic fold belt known as

10165-450: The subsequent missions of East India Company agent John Crawfurd in 1823 and the two missions of Andrew Jackson 's agent, American diplomat Edmund Roberts , in 1833 and 1836 were unable to secure trade agreements due to the exceptionally poor quality of the port. Following the edict of Emperor Minh Mạng in 1835, prohibiting European vessels from making landfall or pursuing trade except at Đà Nẵng, its port quickly superseded Hội An as

10272-771: The temperatures are lower with an annual average of 20 °C (68 °F). The annual average for humidity is 81%, with highs between October and January (reaching 84–86%) and lows between June and August (reaching 75–77%). On average, Da Nang receives 2,205 mm (86.8 in) of rainfall. Rainfall is typically highest between September and November (ranging from 550 to 1,000 mm (22 to 39 in)) and lowest between February and April (ranging from 23 to 40 mm (0.91 to 1.57 in)). Da Nang receives an average of 2162 hours of sunlight annually, with highs between 234 and 277 hours per month in May and June and lows between 69 and 165 hours per month in November and December. Da Nang

10379-491: The west, and expand its territory to the north, hoping to conquer the Vietnamese nation. There, with the Vietnamese Kingdom in turmoil following the assassination of Đinh Tiên Hoàng , Champa made an unsuccessful attempt to invade Đại Việt in 979 with support of China, but failed due to the strong defence of Vietnamese territory under the command of Lê Hoàn . In 982, three ambassadors sent to Champa by Emperor Lê Hoàn of

10486-541: The year. The airline expected to increase its fleet to nine Airbus A320 aircraft by end-2006, and to carry up to three million passengers a year by then. It also hoped to add six more routes during the year, primarily to destinations in China and India, with flights to Southern China having commenced in April. The airline also announced its switch from Singapore Airport Terminal Services to Swissport for ground handling once it became

10593-407: The Đa Phước project include the erection of a hotel and several smaller resorts, a 33-story apartment block and 60-story office block, an 18-hole golf course, a marina, as well as villas and international schools. The tourism sector is a vital component of Da Nang's economy. Its status as a transportation hub for central Vietnam and its proximity to several UNESCO World Heritage Sites , including

10700-587: The Đại Việt (founder of the Early Lê dynasty ) were detained in Indrapura. Lê Hoàn decided to go on the offensive, sacking Indrapura and killing the Cham King Parameshvaravarman I. As a result of these setbacks, the Cham eventually abandoned Indrapura around 1000 AD. The Đại Việt campaign against Champa continued into the late 11th century, when the Cham were forced to cede their three northern provinces to

10807-523: Was Bill Clinton , later US President. The first airline offering no-frills transatlantic service was Freddie Laker 's Laker Airways , which operated its famous "Skytrain" service between London and New York City during the late 1970s. The service was suspended after Laker's competitors, British Airways and Pan Am , were able to price Skytrain out of the market. In the United States, airline carriers such as Midway Airlines and America West Airlines , which commenced operations after 1978, soon realized

10914-494: Was Pacific Southwest Airlines , which started intrastate flights connecting Southern and Northern California on 6 May 1949. PSA's light-hearted atmosphere and efficient operations were a runaway success early on, and inspired a number of low-cost start-ups across the United States, beginning in the mid-1960s. Herb Kelleher studied the success of PSA, and copied their culture closely when he established Southwest Airlines in 1971. The first airline to offer cheaper transatlantic fares

11021-651: Was 3.5%. The leading organ of the Communist Party in Da Nang City is the executive committee of the Communist Party . The current Secretary is Nguyen Van Quang. The legislative branch of the city is the People's Council of Da Nang City. The current chairman is Luong Nguyen Minh Triet. The executive branch of the city is the People's Committee of Da Nang City. The current chairman is Le Trung Chinh. The city of Da Nang

11128-492: Was Icelandic airline Loftleiðir in 1964, often referred to as "the Hippie Airline". Many young Americans travelled to Europe after graduation, to experience the "old-world culture", and they were more concerned with getting there cheaply than comfortably or even exactly on time. Loftleiðir were not famous for speed or punctuality, but flying with the company became a sort of rite of passage for those young "hippies", one of whom

11235-402: Was first built in 1813 as an earthen fortress located to the north of its present position, with An Hải citadel on the east bank built by Emperor Gia Long to protect the port, and by 1819, both Điện Hải and An Hải citadels had been rebuilt in brick. In 1823, Gia Long's son and successor Minh Mạng rebuilt the original Điện Hải fortress on a high mound at the current location, being upgraded from

11342-1265: Was provided free for all passengers. [REDACTED] Media related to Tigerair at Wikimedia Commons Low-cost airline The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. The term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services regardless of their operating models. Low-cost carriers should not be confused with regional airlines that operate short-haul flights without service, or with full-service airlines offering some reduced fares. Some airlines advertise themselves as low-cost while maintaining products usually associated with traditional mainline carriers’ services. These products include preferred or assigned seating , catering, differentiated premium cabins , satellite or ground-based Wi-Fi internet, and in-flight audio and video entertainment . The term ultra low-cost carrier ( ULCC ) has been used, particularly in North America and Europe to refer to carriers that do not provide these services and amenities. The low-cost carrier business model practices vary widely. Some practices are more common in certain regions, while others are generally universal. The common theme among all low-cost carriers

11449-415: Was separated from Quang Nam Province to become one of five independent (centrally-controlled) municipalities in Vietnam. Da Nang is the leading industrial center of central Vietnam. Its GDP per capita was 19 million VND in 2007, one of the highest in Vietnam (after Hồ Chí Minh City , Hanoi , Bình Dương Province , and Đồng Nai Province ). By 2009, this had increased to 27.3 million VND. Da Nang led

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