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82-643: The Tick Canyon Basin drains into the Santa Clara River . The formation overlies the Oligocene to Lower Miocene Vasquez Formation , and underlies the Upper Miocene Mint Canyon Formation . The Tick Canyon strata was deposited on land mostly by streams and consists of green sandstones , coarse-grained conglomerates , and red claystones . The Tick Canyon strata also contain abundant volcanic clasts, most of which resemble volcanic rocks of

164-708: A 6 percent grade to reach the Rogue Valley . The freeway passes through Ashland and Medford , running parallel to Oregon Route 99 , and turns west to follow the Rogue River to Grants Pass , where it intersects US 199 . I-5 then turns north and crosses a series of passes in the Klamath Mountains to reach the Umpqua Valley, where it follows the South Umpqua River to Roseburg . The highway enters

246-636: A combination of aquifer recharge and providing alternative surface water supplies. The District owns Lake Piru and key facilities along the Santa Clara River that are used to manage groundwater supplies. The district provides wholesale water delivery through three pipelines to various portions of the Oxnard Plain. The Vern Freeman Diversion Dam, built by United Water in 1991 on the Santa Clara river, channels water to shallow basins designed to replenish

328-465: A continuous 5 percent grade for 5 miles (8.0 km). After passing Pyramid Lake , I-5 makes several turns as it follows a series of narrow valleys to reach the second-highest point of its entire length, Tejon Pass (elevation 4,144 ft or 1,263 m) in the Tehachapi Mountains . The freeway then traverses the narrow Grapevine Canyon and descends for 12 miles (19 km) into

410-643: A major highway serving the Inland Northwest region. I-5 continues through Yreka in the Shasta Valley and follows the Klamath River into the Siskiyou Mountains , where it crosses into Oregon. I-5 enters Oregon near Siskiyou Summit , which sits at 4,310 feet (1,310 m) and is the highest point on the highway. From the summit, I-5 descends by 2,300 feet (700 m) over 6 miles (9.7 km) at

492-466: A revised environmental analysis and re-approved land-use permits for the Mission Village and Landmark Village communities. There has been significant interest in protecting and restoring the river habit. The riparian natural areas that remain along the river are of interest to several conservancy organizations. Easements are obtained that allow historical farming to continue and permanently protect

574-520: A short spur into downtown Tacoma . The freeway turns north again after leaving Tacoma and its nearby seaport near Fife to traverse the suburbs of South King County . I-5 intersects its eastern bypass of Seattle , I-405 , in Tukwila near Seattle–Tacoma International Airport . The freeway generally follows the Green and Duwamish rivers into Seattle, passing Boeing Field and the industrial district in

656-421: A variety of modifications have been made to the river and its major tributaries. The South Fork of the Santa Clara River features a system of 14 weirs that regulate the flow of the river through Newhall , Valencia , and Saugus . Bouquet Creek is channelized at the confluence of every minor creek that flows into it, most notably along a 0.4 mi (0.64 km) stretch of its riverbed near its confluence with

738-568: Is a major Interstate Highway that spans 1,381 miles (2,223 km) and runs north–south through the West Coast states of California , Oregon , and Washington . It connects several major metropolitan areas as well as agricultural regions, seaports, and freight destinations. The freeway ranges from four lanes in some rural sections to 22 lanes in Orange County, California , where it had been widened and reconstructed. The southern terminus of I-5

820-686: Is at the Mexican border at the San Ysidro Port of Entry , the busiest land border crossing in the Western Hemisphere ; the crossing handles a daily average of 70,000 vehicles and 20,000 pedestrians crossing northbound and connects with Mexican Federal Highway 1 in Tijuana . The freeway splits in San Diego 's San Ysidro neighborhood, with I-5 traveling northwest through Chula Vista and National City on

902-550: Is consistent with a beaver skull collected in 1906 in the Sespe Creek tributary by Dr. John Hornung, a zoologist at the Los Angeles Museum of Natural History . Pronghorn antelope ( Antilocapra americana ) used to roam along the Santa Clara River, as Father Pedro Font, describe in his diary on the de Anza Expedition February 1776, "We saw in the plain a very large drove of antelopes which, as soon as they saw us, fled like

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984-590: Is still listed as a control city on northbound I-5 between SR 99 and I-580. By the early 21st century, sections of I-5 had deteriorated due to a maintenance backlog as well as high traffic volumes. Several bridges in Oregon were reconstructed or repaired to accommodate use by heavy freight vehicles. On May 23, 2013, a bridge span collapsed over the Skagit River in Mount Vernon, Washington , sending two cars into

1066-591: The Angeles National Forest . Its largest fork, Aliso Canyon, is about 7 mi (11 km) long and forms the primary headstream. These branches combine into the broad wash of the main stem near the town of Acton which flows west through Soledad Canyon , crossing under California State Route 14 near the town of Canyon Country . The Sierra Pelona Mountains on the north provide additional watershed and seasonal tributaries. The river receives Bouquet Creek, Placerita Creek, and San Francisquito Creek within

1148-597: The California condor , the California gnatcatcher , the southwestern willow flycatcher , the least Bell's vireo , the arroyo toad , the San Fernando Valley spineflower , and the threespine stickleback . The area is included in Los Angeles County's Strategic Ecological Areas program, which designates areas of "irreplaceable biological resources". The water reclamation plant serving the development will be near

1230-579: The Central Pacific railroad also followed the route of the Siskiyou Trail. By the early 20th century, pioneering automobile roads were built along the path of the Siskiyou Trail, notably the Pacific Highway . The Pacific Highway ran from British Columbia to San Diego, California, and was the immediate predecessor of much of US 99. The route of US 99 was in turn used as a basis for much of

1312-595: The City of Santa Clarita . The riverbed surface remains dry most of the year here, except on extreme occasions of heavier than average rainfall. The river then crosses west under Interstate 5 and receives Castaic Creek from the right. After the Castaic Creek confluence, the river starts to flow primarily southwest through the Santa Clarita Valley . Near the county line between Los Angeles County and Ventura County ,

1394-718: The Columbia River into Washington state. The highway enters Vancouver at the north end of the Interstate Bridge and immediately intersects Washington State Route 14 near the Fort Vancouver National Historic Site . The freeway passes near downtown Vancouver and continues north through the city's suburbs before being rejoined by I-205 at Salmon Creek . I-5 travels north along the Columbia River to Kelso and Longview , where it switches to following

1476-735: The Cowlitz River between the Willapa Hills and Cascade foothills. The freeway then turns northwest to traverse a prairie and the adjacent cities of Chehalis and Centralia while concurrent with US 12 . I-5 continues north to a junction with US 101 in Tumwater , near Olympia and the state capitol campus . The freeway skirts the southeast side of downtown Olympia and turns east to cross Joint Base Lewis–McChord (formerly Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base ). I-5 then turns north to enter Tacoma but bends east to intersect I-705 ,

1558-665: The East Los Angeles Interchange near downtown Los Angeles , I-5 intersects US 101 and begins a short concurrency with I-10 on a section of the Golden State Freeway . The freeway splits from I-10 and turns northwest to follow the Los Angeles River through Glendale and into Burbank . I-5 then leaves the river and travels across the San Fernando Valley , later crossing the Newhall Pass through

1640-702: The Eastside region. The freeway travels north through Everett , skirting the city's downtown and intersecting US 2 , and leaves the Seattle metropolitan area for the rural Skagit Valley . I-5 descends into the valley and travels through Mount Vernon and Burlington before climbing into the Chuckanut Mountains , where it turns west towards Bellingham Bay (part of the Salish Sea ). The freeway travels around downtown Bellingham and turns northwest to continue across

1722-605: The Pacific coastline through the northern suburbs of San Diego. Between Oceanside and San Clemente , an 18-mile (29 km) stretch of the San Diego Freeway passes through Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton before entering Orange County . At Dana Point , I-5 turns inland and heads north through Mission Viejo to the El Toro Y interchange in Irvine , where I-405 splits and carries

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1804-719: The Ross Island Bridge (carrying US 26 ) before reaching an interchange with I-405 . I-5 and I-405 form a complete loop around downtown Portland , with I-5 crossing the Willamette River on the Marquam Bridge to run along the eastern riverfront. The freeway has interchanges with several major bridges crossing the Willamette, as well as the western terminus of I-84 near the Oregon Convention Center . From

1886-635: The San Joaquin Valley . At Wheeler Ridge near the south end of the valley, State Route 99 splits from the freeway to serve Bakersfield and other major cities in the Central Valley , while I-5 stays to the west. Now named the West Side Freeway, I-5 travels northwest along the edge of the Central Valley through farmland and avoids populated areas. The freeway is connected to several of

1968-542: The Santa Susana Mountains to reach the Santa Clarita Valley ; the Newhall Pass interchange with State Route 14 is notable for having separate lanes for truck traffic. The freeway passes the city of Santa Clarita and ascends into the Sierra Pelona Mountains , where the northbound and southbound lanes separate and cross sides for approximately 5 miles (8.0 km). The northbound ascent includes

2050-581: The Siskiyou Trail . This trail was based on an older network of Native American footpaths connecting the Pacific Northwest with California's Central Valley. By the 1820s, trappers from the Hudson's Bay Company were the first non-Native Americans to use the route of today's I-5 to move between today's Washington state and California. During the second half of the 19th century, mule trains, stagecoaches, and

2132-694: The Transverse Ranges System north and northwest of Los Angeles , then flows west onto the Oxnard Plain and into the Santa Barbara Channel of the Pacific Ocean. The watershed has provided habitat for a wide array of native plants and animals and has historically supplied humans with water, fish, and fertile farmland. The northern portion of the watershed was home to the Tataviam people while

2214-569: The University District near the University of Washington campus and Green Lake before leaving the city. The section between downtown Seattle and Northgate includes a set of reversible express lanes that add extra capacity in the peak direction of travel. I-5 continues through the northern suburbs of Seattle and turns northeasterly in Lynnwood , where it is rejoined by I-405, which serves

2296-633: The Willamette Valley near Cottage Grove and forms the boundary between the cities of Eugene and Springfield . After crossing the Willamette River , I-5 intersects Oregon Route 126 , which carries I-105 , and Oregon Route 569 ; both highways provide connections to Eugene and Springfield. I-5 then travels due north through farmland on the east side of the Willamette River, passing a junction with US 20 in Albany , and bisects eastern Salem near

2378-458: The sanitary sewer systems ; and enhanced public education. The river is habitat for threatened species such as the unarmored three-spined stickleback , steelhead , southwestern pond turtle , and least Bell's vireo . The endemic , endangered Santa Ana sucker ( Catostomus santaanae ) lives in parts of the Santa Clara River system. Historic documentation of an important recreational steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) fishery occurs for

2460-616: The state capitol campus . It is connected to downtown Salem by Oregon Route 22 and the Salem Parkway , which joins I-5 as the freeway crosses the 45th parallel near Keizer . From Salem, I-5 turns northeast and passes Woodburn before crossing the Willamette River on the Boone Bridge in Wilsonville , at the south end of the Portland metropolitan area . The freeway travels through

2542-646: The California Condor. the state Supreme Court directed lower courts to toss out the EIRs mentioned above for two phases of construction. After the EIRs had been toss out by the state Supreme Court in May 2016, changes were made to address the concerns. The California Department of Fish and Wildlife certified the environmental impact report in 2017. In July 2017, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors certified

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2624-531: The Canadian border at its northern terminus, it continues to Vancouver as British Columbia Highway 99 (BC 99). I-5 was originally created in 1956 as part of the Interstate Highway System, but it was predated by several auto trails and highways built in the early 20th century. The Pacific Highway was built in the 1910s and 1920s by the states of California, Oregon, and Washington, and

2706-808: The Counties of Ventura and Los Angeles together with cities along the river to limit the total maximum daily load of bacteria potentially harmful to human health that discharges from stormwater outfalls into the Santa Clara River, primarily during the dry season. Sources of bacteria of concern in urban runoff from the county, City of Fillmore, City of Oxnard, City of Santa Clarita, City of Santa Paula, and City of Ventura include pet and animal wastes, sanitary sewer overflows, and organic debris such as leaves and grass. Examples of ways they will improve water quality include increased frequencies of street sweeping and stormwater catch basin cleaning; field surveys to locate and eliminate both dry season street runoff and leaks from

2788-631: The I-84 interchange to a second junction with I-405 near the Fremont Bridge , I-5 is concurrent with US 30 , which continues west towards Astoria . Through North Portland , the freeway runs below street level until it crosses the Columbia Slough to bisect Delta Park . I-5 continues across Hayden Island to the Interstate Bridge , a pair of vertical-lift bridges which carry the highway over

2870-449: The John J. Montgomery Freeway and I-805 serving the eastern neighborhoods. I-5 follows the shore of San Diego Bay and intersects State Route 15 (a continuation of I-15 ) near Naval Station San Diego . The freeway then travels around downtown San Diego and San Diego International Airport before reaching a junction with I-8 . I-5 bisects the University of California, San Diego campus, merging with I-805 nearby, and follows

2952-434: The Los Padres National Forest. The river is included within the corridor especially at the junctions with major tributaries that connect to the Los Padres National Forest . Interstate 5 Interstate 5 ( I-5 ) is the main north–south Interstate Highway on the West Coast of the United States , running largely parallel to the Pacific coast of the contiguous U.S. from Mexico to Canada . It travels through

3034-418: The San Diego Freeway designation. I-5 continues northwest as the Santa Ana Freeway through several Orange County and Los Angeles County suburbs and passes near Disneyland in Anaheim . The freeway intersects I-605 in Downey and I-710 in Commerce before reaching the city of Los Angeles . Southern Californians often refer to I-5 as "the 5" or as the Santa Ana Freeway in the Los Angeles area. At

3116-433: The Santa Clara River into the mid 1900s. The steelhead trout run on the Santa Clara river prior to 1940 is estimated to have had thousands of fish and to have been one of the largest steelhead runs in southern California. Construction of the Vern Freeman Diversion Dam and other migration barriers on the mainstem, Santa Paula Creek, Sespe Creek, Piru Creek, and other tributaries during the mid 1900s appear to be correlated with

3198-468: The Santa Clara River. The unincorporated community of Valencia is an under-construction, large scale master-planned community in Los Angeles County along the river in the easterly portion of the Santa Clarita Valley adjacent to Ventura County. The required permits for the project describe how the work will fill in and alter more than 82 acres (33 ha) of flood plain and tributaries. These include threatened and endangered fauna and flora, including

3280-410: The St. Francis Dam took place in the middle of the night on March 12, 1928. The dam was holding a full reservoir of 12.4 × 10  US gal (4.7 × 10  L) of water that surged down San Francisquito Canyon and emptied into the river. The Santa Clara River's headwaters take drainage from the northern slopes of the San Gabriel Mountains near the Angeles Forest Highway , inside the western part of

3362-527: The Vasquez Formation. It has an average thickness of 600 feet (180 m). North of the Tick Canyon Fault , the beds are almost vertical. It preserves vertebrate fossils of the Lower Miocene subperiod of the Miocene epoch, in the Neogene Period of the Cenozoic Era . Santa Clara River (California) The Santa Clara River ( Spanish : Río Santa Clara ) is an 83 mi (134 km) long river in Ventura and Los Angeles counties in Southern California . It drains parts of four ranges in

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3444-446: The West Coast Clean Transit Corridor Initiative. The program is a collaboration of nine utilities and two agencies representing municipal utilities, and aims to enable electric freight and delivery trucks to operate along the entire West Coast corridor. I-5 will have a complete set of auxiliary routes (i.e. 105, 205, 305, 405, 505, 605, 705, 805, 905), with the completion of I-905 in San Diego County . Currently, I-80 and I-90 are

3526-420: The West Coast Electric Highway, a partnership between the states of California, Oregon, and Washington to build and maintain a network of charging stations for electric vehicles . The pact was formed in 2009 and the first charging stations—spaced 25 to 50 miles (40 to 80 km) apart—opened in 2011. In 2019, the three states also broke ground on a similar charging network for electric trucks along I-5 called

3608-435: The agency's determination that storm-drain runoff from the project's 2,587 acres (1,047 ha) into the Santa Clara River would not harm juvenile steelhead trout downstream in Ventura County. Subsequently, the California Supreme Court agreed to review a petition that stated the appellate court opinion exempting developers from protections for the unarmored threespine stickleback would apply to other protected species such as

3690-459: The aquifer. For decades before the structure was built, earthen dams were constructed in the river to divert water to farmers and replenished the aquifer. The berms would have to be rebuilt whenever winter rains created a flow that breached the berms. Southern California Steelhead were declared endangered in 1997 and the fish ladder on the structure was deemed insufficient. The National Marine Fisheries Service determined in 2015 that fixing this

3772-491: The boundary with Ventura County. The plant will treat an estimated 6,800,000 US gal (26,000,000 L; 5,700,000 imp gal) of water every day before releasing it into the river as it flows towards the ocean and into Ventura County. During the decades the project on the Newhall Ranch has been in planning, it has faced legal actions and environmental concerns. The downstream impact and other effects also drew Ventura County officials and citizens into opposition to

3854-414: The broad Oxnard Plain . The river ends at the Pacific Ocean after flowing across the north side of this plain made fertile with the silt deposited by the river. A sand bar usually stands across the mouth at the Santa Clara Estuary Natural Preserve that lies within McGrath State Beach in Oxnard and bounded on the north by the city of Ventura wastewater treatment plant. Although located just north of

3936-523: The dam or predation in the coastal estuary. Lampreys, a parasite , also impact the steelhead. Invasive species such as Arundo donax also create changes that are not favorable to spawning trout. Genetic analysis of the steelhead in the Santa Clara River watershed has shown them to be of native and not hatchery stocks. There were beaver ( Castor canadensis ) historically in the Santa Clara River until Europeans arrived, according to oral Ventureño history taken by ethnolinguist John Peabody Harrington in

4018-491: The demise of the steelhead run as habitat availability decreased and surface flows decreased. Adult steelhead still try to migrate up the river with an adult trapped at the Vern Freeman Dam in 2001. A wild rainbow trout population still exists in the headwaters of the Santa Paula, Sespe, Hopper, and Piru Creek tributaries and is producing out-migrating steelhead smolts bound for the Pacific. However, challenges to outgoing smolt migration include low to no stream flows downstream of

4100-413: The early twentieth century. The full reference is: "The beaver comes and gnaws the tree on the side towards which it leans, and at last falls over. The tree is leaning towards our house. I am beginning to fear that it will fall on us. The beaver builds its house in the river or the cienegas in the time of our ancestors. There were beavers at Ventura and also at Saticoy ." This historical observer record

4182-472: The edge of downtown . I-5 intersects two transcontinental highways in the Sacramento area: US 50 (and unsigned I-305 ) south of downtown and I-80 in the northern suburbs. After an unsigned concurrency with State Route 99 in northern Sacramento, the freeway turns west to pass the city's airport and resumes its northwestern path at Woodland . It then intersects I-505 , another Bay Area connector, near Dunnigan . The freeway continues north along

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4264-542: The heavily populated Los Angeles Basin , the 1,600 sq mi (4,100 km ) Santa Clara River watershed remains one of the most natural on the South Coast. It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the low Santa Susana Mountains , along the north side of which the Santa Clara River runs. On the east are the San Gabriel Mountains , and on the north are the Santa Ynez Mountains , Sespe Mountains, San Cayetano Mountains, and Tehachapi Mountains . Piru, Castaic and Sespe Creeks, each over 50 mi (80 km) long, are

4346-431: The land from development. The river's natural processes in the floodplain can continue with natural flooding of open space and agricultural fields. This avoids building levees that increase the risk of flooding downstream. The giant reed, or arundo , is a thirsty, invasive plant that lacks food value for native animals and impairs the growth of native plants. The city of Santa Clarita protects significant portions of

4428-434: The larger one is the Santa Ana River . The estuary has been modified by human activities at least since 1855. By the late 1920s roads and agricultural fields had become established. In the late 1950s the former delta area was occupied by the Ventura Water Reclamation Facility and agricultural fields with levees constraining the river from these areas and directing the flow to the Harbor Boulevard bridge. McGrath State Beach

4510-429: The mouth came under the control of the Ventura Regional Sanitation District by 1988. The district used the landfill gases to produce electricity until 2001. As the landfill aged and its contents decomposed, the release of gas became intermittent and the gases from the recovery system are burned off in a flare . The defunct power plant was built just upstream of the Victoria Avenue bridge, the second crossing upstream from

4592-421: The natural ecology of the river within the Santa Clara River Open Space preserve, which includes portions of San Francisquito Creek and the South Fork of the Santa Clara River north of Lyons Avenue in Newhall . Two wildlife corridor protection ordinances adopted by the county of Ventura restrict activities that impede the movement of mountains lions and other wildlife between the Santa Monica Mountains and

4674-418: The ocean. The riverbed was mined extensively for sand and gravel throughout the post–World War II building boom for the construction of homes and highways. Mining the riverbed for sand and gravel impacts the riparian zones by destroying habitat and changes sediment flow regimes. The mining decreased significantly in the 1990s due to increased costs needed to satisfy environmental concerns and concerns that

4756-417: The primary tributaries of the Santa Clara River. While Piru and Castaic Creeks form reservoirs for the California State Water Project ( Pyramid Lake and Lake Piru on Piru Creek, and Elderberry Forebay and Castaic Lake on Castaic Creek), Sespe Creek is designated a National Wild and Scenic River , unique among Southern California streams. There are 57 archaeological sites and 12 historical landmarks in

4838-524: The process. I-5 intersects I-90 near Seattle's Chinatown–International District on the south side of downtown Seattle . The freeway turns northwest and bisects downtown Seattle in a trench, with some sections covered by Freeway Park and the Washington State Convention Center . It then turns north to intersect Washington State Route 520 near Eastlake and crosses the Ship Canal Bridge over Portage Bay , which lies between Lake Union and Lake Washington . I-5 continues through northern Seattle, passing

4920-489: The project. The landmark California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) used to challenge the development, may have led to a better-designed project while saving crucial habitat. In 2014, the California 2nd District Court of Appeal overturned a Los Angeles County Superior Court ruling and found that the environmental impact report adequately analyzed the project's potential impact on endangered fauna and flora and Native American cultural artifacts. The ruling also supported

5002-433: The removal of material increased scouring and undermining of bridge foundations and pipelines that crossed the river. As of 2010 there were still 3 active gravel operations in the upstream area. There are also water diversions, most notably the Freeman Diversion Dam, located approximately 10.7 mi (17.2 km) from the ocean The United Water Conservation District, formed in 1950, battles groundwater overdraft through

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5084-432: The rest of the San Francisco Bay Area. Original plans called for a loop Interstate with a directional suffix, I-5W. This route now roughly corresponds to I-580 from I-5 south of Tracy to Oakland, I-80 from Oakland to Vacaville , and I-505 from Vacaville to I-5 near Dunnigan. I-5W and most of the other Interstates around the country with directional suffixes were eventually renumbered or eliminated. Nevertheless, San Francisco

5166-524: The river breached the north bank, flowed through an area that had historical been part of the estuary, flooded a new golf course and Harbor Boulevard, and deposited silt and debris into recently completed Ventura Harbor just upcoast from the reclamation facility. Over the years, many communities have used the river banks as dumps to create levees that would keep the river from flooding adjacent lands during occasional years with heavy winter rains. Three dump sites about 2 mi (3.2 km) upstream from

5248-439: The river enters the Santa Clara River Valley flowing past Buckhorn and Fillmore , incorporating additional flow from Piru Creek and Sespe Creek , both from the right, and Santa Paula Creek at the town of Santa Paula , where it passes the large South Mountain Oil Field on the south bank. The Santa Clara River then bends southwest, passing the Saticoy Oil Field on the north bank where South Mountain marks its entrance onto

5330-402: The river from the ocean most of the year. In years with adequate rainfall, the river breaks the berm which is then slowly rebuilt by ocean action through the rest of the year. When the river watershed has an exceptionally dry year, the berm acts as a dam, allowing the water level to rise with the discharge . In August 2014, with the frequent flooding of the access road and many of the campsites in

5412-414: The river in recent times was at the Fillmore Fish Hatchery in 2000. Quagga mussels were discovered in Lake Piru in 2013. They are an invasive species found in rivers and lakes in the U.S. The Harbor Boulevard bridge, the most westerly crossing, marks the upstream boundary of McGrath State Beach and the Ventura Water Reclamation Facility while the estuary continues a little farther upstream. In 1969

5494-404: The route of today's I-5. A major deviation from the old US 99 route is the Westside Freeway portion of I-5 in California's Central Valley. To provide a faster and more direct north–south route through the state, the decision was made to build a new freeway to the west and bypass Fresno, Bakersfield, and the rest of population centers in the area instead of upgrading the existing highway (which

5576-405: The rural Fraser Lowland . I-5 terminates at the Peace Arch Border Crossing on the Canadian border , adjacent to the eponymous monument , in Blaine . The highway becomes British Columbia Highway 99 , which continues northwest to Vancouver . An extensive section of this highway (over 600 mi (970 km)), from approximately Stockton, California, to Portland, Oregon, follows the track of

5658-402: The southern portion was occupied by the Chumash people . Much of the Santa Clara River Valley is used for agriculture which has limited the use of structural levees to separate the natural floodplain from the river. Although it is one of the least altered rivers in Southern California, some levees exist where the river flows through areas of significant urban development. The Santa Clara River

5740-399: The southern suburbs of Portland , intersecting I-205 in Tualatin and Oregon Route 217 in Tigard before entering the city proper. I-5 then turns northeast to follow Barbur Boulevard (part of Route 99W) and navigate the Terwilliger curves . The freeway continues north through the South Waterfront neighborhood, crossing under the Portland Aerial Tram and the western approach to

5822-432: The state park, a report found that the park had only been open five of the past eighteen months because of repeated flooding. When the berm is broken when it is not raining, fish can become stranded in the sudden draining of the estuary waters. The estuary was identified on the 1998, 2002 and 2006 Clean Water Act 303(d) lists of impaired water bodies. In 2012, the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board required

5904-559: The states of California , Oregon , and Washington , serving several large cities on the West Coast, including San Diego , Los Angeles , Sacramento , Portland , and Seattle . It is the only continuous Interstate highway to touch both the Mexican and Canadian borders. Upon crossing the Mexican border at its southern terminus, the highway continues to Tijuana , Baja California, as Mexican Federal Highway 1 (Fed. 1). Upon crossing

5986-541: The valley's main cities, including Fresno , Merced , and Modesto , by other highways. Near Tracy , I-580 splits from I-5 to provide the first of several connections to the San Francisco Bay Area ; I-205 northeast of Tracy also provides a connection through I-580. The freeway continues north through Stockton to Sacramento , where it follows the Sacramento River through the southern suburbs and along

6068-463: The water and requiring traffic in both directions to bypass the crossing. The Washington State Department of Transportation used a temporary structure to restore access across the river while a permanent bridge replacement was built. That process was completed September 15, 2013. On December 18, 2017, an Amtrak train derailed on an overpass crossing I-5 near Tacoma, Washington, and blocked several lanes of traffic. The I-5 corridor forms part of

6150-646: The watershed. The Santa Clara River watershed borders on the Ventura River / Matilija Creek watershed on the west. On the northwest lies the Santa Ynez River watershed. On the north is the interior drainage basin of Tulare Lake in the Central Valley . To the east is the Mojave River and to the south is the Los Angeles River . The Santa Clara River is the second largest river in Southern California;

6232-589: The western edge of the Sacramento Valley , passing through farmland and several small towns before reaching the end of the valley at Red Bluff . I-5 then traverses the rugged Shasta Cascade region, passing through Redding and crossing Shasta Lake before beginning its ascent towards Mount Shasta . The freeway follows the Sacramento River upstream to the southwestern slopes of the mountain and turns northwest to reach Weed , where it intersects US 97 ,

6314-520: The wind, looking like a cloud skimming along the earth." There is a Ventureño word for antelope, q'aq , which is different from their separate words for deer and elk. In 2002, eight Southwest willow flycatchers hatched in the Hedrick Ranch Nature Area (HRNA), a 220 acres (89 ha) preserve just east of Santa Paula managed by the Friends of Santa Clara River. The first SWFs to hatch on

6396-442: Was a high priority since it is the first structure the steelhead encounter when attempting to migrate from the ocean. A judge determined in 2018 that the federal Endangered Species Act had been violated by United Water by failing to ensure that the structure provided an adequate water supply and migratory passageway for steelhead. The main channel of the Santa Clara River through the city of Santa Clarita remains largely natural,

6478-586: Was established in 1948. The estuary has been designated a Natural Preserve within McGrath State Beach on the south bank of the river mouth. From the north bank of the river, the city of Ventura releases some 9,000,000 US gal (34,000,000 L; 7,500,000 imp gal) of treated effluent daily that flows into the Santa Clara Estuary Natural Preserve from their water reclamation facility (VWRF). A sand berm separates

6560-416: Was later incorporated into U.S. Route 99 (US 99) in 1926. I-5 largely follows the route of US 99, with the exception of portions south of Los Angeles and in the Central Valley of California. The freeway was built in segments between 1956 and 1978, including expressway sections of US 99 that were built earlier to bypass various towns along the route. US 99 was removed in 1972. I-5

6642-604: Was originally named the Río de Santa Clara on August 9, 1769, by the Portolá expedition on the march north from San Diego to found a mission at Monterey , to honor Saint Clare of Assisi who died on August 11, 1253. The Santa Clara River Valley was then known as the Cañada de Santa Clara . The Santa Clara-Mojave River Ranger District of the Angeles National Forest is named after the Santa Clara River. The failure and near complete collapse of

6724-641: Was re-designated as part of SR 99). This re-route through California's Central Valley was the last section of I-5 to be constructed, with the final segment dedicated and opened to traffic near Stockton, California, on October 12, 1979. Representatives from both Canada and Mexico attended the dedication to commemorate the first contiguous freeway connecting the North American countries. It cost an estimated $ 2.3 billion in 1979 dollars (equivalent to $ 7.79 billion in 2023 dollars) to construct all of I-5. This direct route also bypasses San Francisco and

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