135-613: The Beijing International Film Festival ( Chinese : 北京国际电影节 ), abbreviated BJIFF , is a film festival in Beijing , China . Founded in 2011, along with the Shanghai International Film Festival , it is one of China's two biggest film festivals. The festival is one of the world's most prominent film festivals. Since its launch, it has been heavily attended by Hollywood executives, directors, producers, and studio heads, as well as filmmakers and actors from all over
270-415: A Golden Globe Award for Best Actress . It was during the production of True Lies that he would first meet Jon Landau , who at the time oversaw the film's production for Fox. In July 2024, Cameron stated that he "lured" Landau away from Fox to Lightstorm. In 1995, Cameron co-produced Strange Days , a science fiction thriller. Directed by Kathryn Bigelow and co-written by Jay Cocks , Strange Days
405-504: A "genius". Michael Biehn, a frequent collaborator, also praised Cameron, saying he "is a really passionate person. He cares more about his movies than other directors care about their movies", adding, "I've never seen him yell at anybody". Biehn acknowledged that Cameron is "not real sensitive when it comes to actors and their trailers, and waiting for actors to come to the set". Worthington commented: "He demands excellence. If you don't give it to him, you're going to get chewed out. And that's
540-557: A "tinpot dictator"; Cameron stated that when he visited one of Ron Howard 's sets, he was "dumbfounded" at how much time Howard took to compliment his crew, aspiring to become "his inner Ron Howard". Cameron's work has had an impact in the Hollywood film industry. The Avengers (2012), directed by Joss Whedon , was inspired by Cameron's approach to action sequences. Whedon also admires Cameron's ability for writing heroic female characters such as Ellen Ripley of Aliens , adding that he
675-486: A 2017 interview: "Let's face it, if Avatar 2 and 3 don't make enough money, there's not going to be a 4 and 5 ". Avatar: The Way of Water had its world premiere in London on December 6, 2022. It became the highest-grossing film released in 2022, and as of 2023 stood as the 3rd highest-grossing film of all time, behind only Avatar and Avengers: Endgame , and just ahead of Titanic . Lightstorm Entertainment bought
810-515: A closer co-production agreement with China. The 2015 festival saw Arnold Schwarzenegger , and Darren Aronofsky attend the event in April. The 2016 festival saw Natalie Portman , and Christoph Waltz as well as Brett Ratner, Sam Raimi, Yojiro Takita, Giuseppe Tornatore and Iain Smith attend the event in April. The 2019 festival was held from April 13 to the 20th. The 2020 Festival was postponed owing to
945-477: A colleague and founder of Pacific Western Productions , agreed to buy Cameron's script for one dollar, on the condition that Cameron direct the film. He convinced the president of Hemdale Pictures to make the film, with Cameron as director and Hurd as a producer. Lance Henriksen , who starred in Piranha II: The Spawning , was considered for the lead role, but Cameron decided that Arnold Schwarzenegger
1080-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
1215-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
1350-509: A double life as a married man, whose wife believes he is a computer salesman. The film co-stars Jamie Lee Curtis , Eliza Dushku and Tom Arnold . Cameron's Lightstorm Entertainment signed a deal with 20th Century Fox for the production of True Lies . Budgeted at a minimum of $ 100 million, the film earned $ 146 million in the United States and Canada. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects and Curtis won
1485-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
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#17328771288001620-512: A good thing". When asked in 2012 about his reputation, Cameron dryly responded: "I don't have to shout any more, because the word is out there already". In 2021, while giving a MasterClass during a break from his work on the Avatar sequels, Cameron acknowledged his past demanding behaviour, opining that if he could go back in time, he would improve the working relationship with his cast and crew members by being less autocratic, thinking of himself as
1755-624: A high-profile forum for the interaction between the Chinese and the international film industries. BJIFF is organized by China Film Administration , China Media Group , and Beijing Government . The two in-competition, official sections are the Tiantan and the Forward Future. The "Tiantan Award" was established in 2012 and began its selection process in 2013. The award adheres to the value concept of “unity of man and nature, beauty shared by all.” It
1890-472: A hundred main creative meetings for audiences. It is one of the largest international film festivals in China. The Beijing Film Market was formerly known as the “Film Market”. Since 2019 it has been renamed as the “Beijing Film Market”. It includes sections such as investment promotion exhibitions, project investment financing, industry dialogues, special events, signing ceremonies, film promotion meetings, etc., with
2025-569: A mobile phone rang during filming, Cameron would "nail it to the wall with a nail gun". Composer James Horner was also not immune to Cameron's demands; he recalls having to write music in a short time frame for Aliens. After the experience, Horner did not work with Cameron for a decade. In 1996, they reconciled their friendship and Horner produced the soundtracks for Titanic and Avatar . Despite this reputation, Sigourney Weaver has praised Cameron's perfectionism and attention to detail, saying: "He really does want us to risk our lives and limbs for
2160-564: A moment of silence to remember the 1,500 people who died when the ship sank. Film critic Roger Ebert praised Cameron's storytelling, writing: "It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding". Authors Kevin Sandler and Gaylyn Studlar wrote in 1999 that the romance, historical nostalgia and James Horner 's music contributed to the film's cultural phenomenon. In 2017, on its 20th anniversary, Titanic became Cameron's second film to be selected for preservation in
2295-504: A new villain ( T-1000 ), with shape-shifting abilities who hunts for Sarah Connor 's son, John ( Edward Furlong ). Cameron cast Robert Patrick as T-1000 because of his lean and thin appearance — a sharp contrast to Schwarzenegger. Cameron explained: "I wanted someone who was extremely fast and agile. If the T-800 is a human Panzer tank , then the T-1000 is a Porsche ". Terminator 2 was one of
2430-599: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
2565-678: A nightmare to work with. Studios fear his habit of straying way over schedule and over budget. He is notorious on set for his uncompromising and dictatorial manner, as well as his flaming temper". Author Alexandra Keller writes that Cameron is an egomaniac, obsessed with vision, but praises his "technological ingenuity" at creating a "visceral viewing experience". According to Ed Harris, who starred in Cameron's film The Abyss , Cameron behaved in an autocratic manner. Orson Scott Card , who novelized The Abyss , stated that Cameron "made everyone around him miserable, and his unkindness did nothing to improve
2700-518: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
2835-521: A production assistant for Rock 'n' Roll High School (1979). While educating himself about filmmaking techniques, Cameron started a job as a miniature model maker at Roger Corman Studios. He was soon employed as an art director for the science-fiction film Battle Beyond the Stars (1980). He carried out the special effects for John Carpenter 's Escape from New York (1981), served as production designer for Galaxy of Terror (1981), and consulted on
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#17328771288002970-639: A science fiction drama directed by Steven Soderbergh . The film gained mixed reviews and failed at the box office. Keen to make documentaries, Cameron directed Expedition: Bismarck , about the German Battleship Bismarck . In 2003, he directed Ghosts of the Abyss , a documentary about RMS Titanic which was released by Walt Disney Pictures and Walden Media , and designed for 3D theaters . Cameron told The Guardian his intention for filming everything in 3D. In 2005, Cameron co-directed Aliens of
3105-417: A sequel to Alien (1979), a science fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott . Like the original, the sequel Aliens (1986) featured Sigourney Weaver as Ellen Ripley . Aliens follows Ripley as she helps a group of marines fight off extraterrestrials . Despite conflicts with cast and crew during production, and having to replace one of the lead actors — James Remar with Michael Biehn — Aliens
3240-545: A stance he said he had come to see as "cowardly atheism." Since 2011, he is vegan . Cameron met close friend Guillermo del Toro on the production of his 1993 film, Cronos . In 1998, del Toro's father Federico was kidnapped in Guadalajara and Cameron gave del Toro more than $ 1 million (equivalent to $ 1,744,000 in 2023) in cash to pay a ransom and have his father released. Cameron had been friends with Titanic expert Paul-Henri Nargeolet for over 25 years before
3375-653: A story about oil-rig workers who discover strange intelligent life in the ocean. Based on an idea which Cameron had conceived of during high school, the film was initially budgeted at $ 41 million, although it ran considerably over this amount. It starred Ed Harris , Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio and Michael Biehn . The production process began in the Cayman Islands and in South Carolina , in two huge water tanks "reclaimed from" an unfinished nuclear power plant. The cast and crew recall Cameron's dictatorial behavior, and
3510-422: A television series influenced by cyberpunk , biopunk , contemporary superheroes and third-wave feminism . Dark Angel starred Jessica Alba as Max Guevara , a genetically enhanced super-soldier created by a secretive organization. While the first season was moderately successful, the second season did less well, which led to its cancellation. In 2002, Cameron served as producer on the 2002 film Solaris ,
3645-466: A theme of “displaying, promoting, communicating, and trading”. It builds three significant platforms for “film elements”, “project investment” and “copyright trading”, covering the entire film industry chain to promote the development of the film industry. It is one of Asia’s most active film markets. The Beijing Planning · Theme Forum aims to promote international exchanges on film concepts, art, and technology; enhance China’s understanding and reference to
3780-540: A third Terminator film, but plans never materialized. The rights to the Terminator franchise were eventually purchased by Kassar from a bankruptcy sale of Carolco's assets. Cameron moved on to other projects and, in 1993, co-founded Digital Domain , a visual effects production company. In 1994, Cameron and Schwarzenegger reunited for their third collaboration, True Lies , a remake of the 1991 French comedy La Totale! The story depicts an American secret agent who leads
3915-520: Is "the leader and the teacher and the Yoda ". Director Michael Bay idolizes Cameron and was convinced by him to use 3D cameras for filming Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011). Cameron's approach to 3D inspired Baz Luhrmann during the production of The Great Gatsby (2013). Other directors that have been inspired by Cameron include Peter Jackson , Neill Blomkamp , and Xavier Dolan . Cameron received
4050-570: Is a recipient of various other industry accolades , and three of his films have been selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the Library of Congress . Cameron co-founded the production companies Lightstorm Entertainment , Digital Domain , and Earthship Productions. In addition to filmmaking, he is a National Geographic explorer-in-residence and has produced many documentaries on deep-ocean exploration, including Ghosts of
4185-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
Beijing International Film Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue
4320-673: Is dedicated to encouraging new directors and originality. The films selected must be the director's first or second feature-length films. The Beijing Film Panorama is one of the most popular sections for moviegoers at the Beijing International Film Festival. Hundreds of domestic and foreign films are screened at dozens of participating cinemas in Beijing during this event. It includes over ten sub-sections, such as Jury Chairman, Classic Restoration, Tribute to Filmmakers, Focus Filmmakers, Global Vision, Chinese Power, etc., and nearly
4455-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
4590-488: Is evaluated with an international perspective, standardized procedures, and professional standards. The judges are composed of masters and celebrities from the international film industry. The award aims to discover and collect the latest and best works worldwide, encourage film diversity, and serve as the highest award for the Beijing International Film Festival. The design concept of the Tiantan Award trophy originates from
4725-443: Is in a league all of his own. With his genre-spanning work, lofty ambitions, and unrestrained energy, Cameron has carved out a name for himself in Hollywood as an artist willing to do anything to see his vision come true." Rebecca Keegan, author of The Futurist: The Life and Films of James Cameron, describes Cameron as "comically hands-on", and would try to do every job on the set. Andrew Gumbel of The Independent says Cameron "is
4860-809: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
4995-609: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
5130-522: Is the first of five children, with two brothers and two sisters. His paternal great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Balquhidder , Scotland, in 1825. Cameron spent summers on his grandfather's farm in southern Ontario. He attended Stamford Collegiate in Niagara Falls . At age 17, Cameron and his family moved from Chippawa to Brea, California . He attended Sonora High School and then moved to Brea Olinda High School . Classmates recalled that he
5265-473: Is the only director to have had three films gross over $ 2 billion. In 2010, Time named Cameron one of the 100 most influential people in the world . Cameron is also an environmentalist and runs several sustainability businesses. James Francis Cameron was born on August 16, 1954, in Kapuskasing , Ontario, to Philip Cameron, an electrical engineer , and Shirley ( née Lowe ), an artist and nurse. He
5400-540: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
5535-606: The Titan submersible implosion , Cameron made appearances in multiple news outlets where he criticized OceanGate and its co-founder Stockton Rush for failing to certify the company's submersibles for safety. He was also critical of the use of carbon-fiber composite in the company's Titan submersible, stating that the material has "no strength in external compression" when withstanding the pressure in deep-sea environments. On July 15, Cameron stated that he had no plans for an OceanGate documentary. Cameron has been married five times. He
Beijing International Film Festival - Misplaced Pages Continue
5670-773: The 2018 Festival attracted controversy when Chinese Government censors banned the Festival from screening the Oscar-winning Call Me by Your Name (film) , throwing a spotlight on LGBT rights in China . In 2014, China had shut down the Beijing Independent Film Festival , and in January 2020, The China Independent Film Festival (CIFF) shut down operations, citing censorship concerns. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
5805-535: The COVID-19 pandemic . It was later held from August 22 to the 29th. The 11th Beijing International Film Festival, which was originally scheduled for August 14 to 21, and postponed in the aftermath of COVID-19, was held from the 21 to 29 September 2021. The 13th Beijing International Film Festival was held from April 25 to 27, 2023 The 14th edition of the festival was scheduled to be held April 18-26, 2024. Amid increasing criticism of China's tightening of censorship,
5940-656: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
6075-534: The Cuban Missile Crisis unfold when he was eight years old. Cameron is regarded as an innovative filmmaker in the industry, with a classical filmmaking style, as well as not easy to work for. Radio Times critic John Ferguson described Cameron as "the king of hi-tech thrillers". Dalin Rowell of /Film stated: "Known for his larger-than-life creations and unique filmmaking style, director James Cameron
6210-621: The Deepwater Horizon oil spill . It was reported that he offered his assistance to help stop the oil well from leaking. He is a member of the NASA Advisory Council and he worked with the space agency to build cameras for the Curiosity rover sent for Mars . NASA launched the rover without Cameron's technology due to a lack of time during testing. He has expressed interest in a project about Mars, stating: "I've been very interested in
6345-631: The Museum of Pop Culture for his contribution to the science fiction and fantasy field. Cameron collaborated with Walt Disney Imagineering and served as a creative consultant on Pandora – The World of Avatar , an Avatar -themed land at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Florida which opened to the public on May 27, 2017. A species of frog, Pristimantis jamescameroni , was named after Cameron for his work in promoting environmental awareness and advocacy of veganism . In 2010, Time magazine named Cameron one of
6480-500: The USC library . After the excitement of seeing Star Wars in 1977, Cameron quit his job as a truck driver to enter the film industry . Cameron's directing career began in 1978. After borrowing money from a consortium of dentists, he learned to direct, write and produce his first short film, Xenogenesis (1978) with a friend. Learning as they went, Cameron said he felt like a doctor doing his first surgical procedure. He then served as
6615-450: The highest-grossing film of all time, holding this position for twelve years, until Cameron's Avatar beat the record in 2010. The costumes and sets were praised, and The Washington Post considered the CGI graphics to be spectacular. Titanic received a record-tying fourteen nominations (tied with All About Eve (1950) at the 1998 Academy Awards . It won eleven of the awards, tying
6750-433: The second-highest-grossing film director of all time. Three of Cameron's films are amongst the top four highest-grossing films of all time ; Avatar (2009), Avatar: The Way of Water (2022) and Titanic (1997) are the highest, third-highest and fourth-highest-grossing films of all time, respectively. Cameron directed the first film to gross over $ 1 billion, the first two films to gross over $ 2 billion, and
6885-777: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : James Cameron James Francis Cameron CC (born August 16, 1954) is a Canadian filmmaker. He is a major figure in the post- New Hollywood era and often uses novel technologies with a classical filmmaking style. He first gained recognition for writing and directing The Terminator (1984), and found further success with Aliens (1986), The Abyss (1989), Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991), and True Lies (1994), as well as Avatar (2009) and its sequels . He directed, wrote, co-produced, and co-edited Titanic (1997), winning Academy Awards for Best Picture , Best Director , and Best Film Editing . He
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#17328771288007020-456: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
7155-685: The 100 most influential people in the world. That same year, he was ranked at the top of the list in The Guardian Film Power 100 and in 30th place in New Statesman 's list of "The World's 50 Most Influential Figures 2010". In 2013, Cameron received the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public , which is annually awarded by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography . In 2019, Cameron
7290-476: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
7425-508: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
7560-531: The 2012 festival including James Cameron , who unveiled the details of the upcoming Avatar sequels at the film festival; Jim Gianopulos , Jeremy Renner , Tom DeSanto , Jon Landau , who were there to discuss co-productions between Hollywood and Chinese film studios. Notable guests at the 2013 festival includes Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy , Paul Hanneman , Keanu Reeves , and Peter Chan . Luc Besson , Jean-Jacques Annaud , and Wolfgang Petersen also discussed their upcoming co-productions in China at
7695-638: The 3D Fusion Camera System . In 2011, Cameron became a National Geographic explorer-in-residence. In this role, on March 7, 2012, he dived five miles deep to the bottom of the New Britain Trench with the Deepsea Challenger . 19 days later, Cameron reached the Challenger Deep , the deepest part of the Mariana Trench . He spent more than three hours exploring the ocean floor, becoming
7830-551: The Abyss (2003) and Aliens of the Deep (2005). Cameron has also contributed to underwater filming and remote vehicle technologies and helped create the digital 3D Fusion Camera System . In 2012, Cameron became the first person to do a solo descent to the bottom of the Mariana Trench , the deepest part of the Earth's ocean, in the Deepsea Challenger submersible. Cameron's films have grossed over $ 8 billion worldwide, making him
7965-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
8100-619: The Deep , a documentary about the various forms of life in the ocean. He also starred in Titanic Adventure with Tony Robinson , another documentary about the Titanic shipwreck. In 2006, Cameron co-created and narrated The Exodus Decoded , a documentary exploring the Biblical account of the Exodus . In 2007, Cameron and fellow director Simcha Jacobovici , produced The Lost Tomb of Jesus . It
8235-754: The Humans to Mars movement ... and I've done a tremendous amount of personal research for a novel, a miniseries, and a 3D film." Cameron is a member of the Mars Society , a non-profit organization lobbying for the colonization of Mars . Cameron endorsed Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton for the 2016 United States presidential election . Cameron has experience with deep-sea exploration , in part because of his work on The Abyss, Titanic , and Avatar: The Way of Water and his childhood fascination with shipwrecks. He has contributed to advancements in underwater filming and remotely operated vehicles , and helped develop
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#17328771288008370-495: The United States National Film Registry. After the huge success of Titanic , Cameron kept a low profile. In 1998, he and his brother, John, formed Earthship Productions, to stream documentaries about the deep sea , one of Cameron's interests. Again during 1998, Cameron considered doing a large-scale technological/religious film by an unknown writer, but after three tries was forced to personally pass on
8505-472: The backdrop of the tragedy; a radical departure from his previous work. The supporting cast includes Billy Zane , Kathy Bates , Frances Fisher , Gloria Stuart , Bernard Hill , Jonathan Hyde , Victor Garber , Danny Nucci , David Warner and Bill Paxton . The film was also Cameron's first large scale production with Landau as a co-producer. After months of delay, Titanic premiered on December 19, 1997. The film received strong critical acclaim and became
8640-476: The baton of his personal story to them so they could pass his unique and harrowing experience to future generations, Cameron was assisted by the Avatar sequels co-writer Shane Salerno and Pellegrino, who previously served as Cameron's science consultant on Titanic and Avatar . In June 2010, Cameron met with officials of the Environmental Protection Agency to discuss possible solutions to
8775-513: The budget for these would be over $ 1 billion. Avatar 2 (later given the subtitle The Way of Water ) and Avatar 3 (later given the subtitle Fire and Ash ) began simultaneous production in Manhattan Beach, California on August 15, 2017. Principal photography began in New Zealand on September 25, 2017. Parts of Avatar 4 were also filmed during this time. Cameron stated in
8910-631: The bulky script. Cameron then returned to the Terminator franchise as producer and writer for Tim Miller 's Terminator: Dark Fate (2019). In August 2013, Cameron announced plans to direct three sequels to Avatar simultaneously, for release in December 2016, 2017, and 2018. However, the release dates were adjusted due to Cameron's other priorities, with Avatar 3 , 4 and 5 to be released, respectively, on December 20, 2024, December 18, 2026, and December 22, 2028. Deadline Hollywood estimated that
9045-614: The case was dismissed by US district judge Jesse Furman in 2014. In 2016, Premier Exhibitions , owner of many RMS Titanic artifacts, filed for bankruptcy. Cameron supported the UK's National Maritime Museum and National Museums Northern Ireland decision to bid for the artifacts, but they were acquired by an investment group before a formal bid took place. Cameron joined the board of directors of AI company Stability AI in September 2024. Cameron's films are often based on themes which explore
9180-412: The centennial anniversary of the tragedy. On March 27, 2012, Titanic 3D premiered at London's Royal Albert Hall . He also served as executive producer of Cirque du Soleil: Worlds Away and Deepsea Challenge 3D in 2012 and 2014, respectively. Cameron starred in the 2017 documentary Atlantis Rising, with collaborator Simcha Jacobovici . The pair go on an adventure to explore the existence of
9315-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
9450-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
9585-643: The city of Atlantis . The programme aired on January 29 on National Geographic. Next, Cameron produced and appeared in a documentary about the history of science fiction . James Cameron's Story of Science Fiction, the six-episodic series was broadcast on AMC in 2018. The series featured interviews with guests including Ridley Scott , Steven Spielberg , George Lucas and Christopher Nolan . He stated "Without Jules Verne and H. G. Wells , there wouldn't have been Ray Bradbury or Robert A. Heinlein , and without them, there wouldn't be [George] Lucas, [Steven] Spielberg , Ridley Scott or me". Alita: Battle Angel
9720-400: The conflicts between intelligent machines and humanity or nature , dangers of corporate greed, strong female characters, and a romance subplot. Cameron has further stated in an interview with The Talks, "All my movies are love stories". Both Titanic and Avatar are noted for featuring star-crossed lovers . Characters suffering from emotionally intense and dramatic environments in
9855-738: The core value concept of “unity of man and nature, beauty shared by all”. The overall height of the trophy is 45 cm, with a base height of 9 cm and a cup height of 36 cm, both multiples of “9”, which symbolizes the highest honor of the Tiantan Award. The homophonic sound of “9” means “long-lasting” and means people admire for auspiciousness. The "Forward Future" section was established in 2014 to encourage innovative spirit in film-making, stimulating creativity in film art; discovering and promoting new filmmakers; capturing trends and tendencies in international film; showcase rich and diverse cultural connotations in film art; enhance cooperation and communication among young filmmakers from various countries. This section
9990-408: The country having an opportunity to demonstrate to the international film industry how to safely return to work. Doing so with Avatar [sequels] will be a beacon that, when this is over [ COVID-19 pandemic ], will attract more production to New Zealand and continue to stimulate the screen industry and the economy for years." Cameron is an atheist ; he formerly associated himself with agnosticism ,
10125-465: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
10260-461: The design for Android (1982). Cameron was hired as the special effects director for the sequel to Piranha (1978), titled Piranha II: The Spawning in 1982. The original director, Miller Drake, left the project due to creative differences with producer Ovidio Assonitis . Shot in Rome, Italy, and on Grand Cayman Island, the film gave Cameron the opportunity to become director for a major film for
10395-472: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
10530-543: The festival. The 2014 festival saw Jean Reno , Alfonso Cuaron , Paramount Pictures COO Frederick Huntsberry, Oliver Stone , MPAA president Christopher Dodd , Peter Del Vecho , Carlos Saldanha , John Woo , Timur Bekmambetov , Peter Ziering, Andres Vicente Gomez , Rajkumar Hirani and Jim Sheridan . The festival also saw a large representation from the BFI , the British Film Commission and BBC, who are aiming for
10665-542: The film earned a fair $ 108 million at the worldwide box office. Cameron re-investigated the sinking of RMS Titanic with eight experts in a 2012 TV documentary special, Titanic: The Final Word with James Cameron , which premiered on April 8 on the National Geographic channel. In the feature, the experts revised the CGI animation of the sinking conceived in 1995. In March 2010, Cameron announced that Titanic will be converted and re-released in 3D to commemorate
10800-479: The film in any way. Nor did it motivate people to work faster or better". Harris later said: "I like Jim. He's an incredibly talented, intelligent guy", adding that "it was always good to see him" in later years. Speaking of her experience on Titanic , Kate Winslet said that she admired Cameron, but "there were times I was genuinely frightened of him". Describing him as having "a temper like you wouldn't believe", she had said she would not work with him again unless it
10935-610: The film rights to the Taylor Stevens novel The Informationist , a thriller set in Africa with Cameron planning to direct. In 2010, he indicated he would adapt the Charles R. Pellegrino book The Last Train from Hiroshima , which is about the survivors of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . Cameron met with survivor Tsutomu Yamaguchi before his death in 2010. In 2024, Deadline Hollywood confirmed that Cameron had purchased
11070-443: The film starred Rosa Salazar , Christoph Waltz , Jennifer Connelly , Mahershala Ali , Ed Skrein , Jackie Earle Haley and Keean Johnson . The film premiered on January 31, 2019, to generally positive reviews and $ 404 million (equivalent to $ 474,900,000 in 2023) at the worldwide box office. In her review, Monica Castillo of RogerEbert.com called it "an awe-inspiring jump for [Rodriguez]" and "a visual bonanza", despite
11205-501: The filming of water scenes which were mentally and physically exhausting. Upon the film's release, The Abyss was praised for its special effects, and earned $ 90 million at the worldwide box office. The Abyss received four Academy Award nominations, and won Best Visual Effects. In 1990, Cameron co-founded the firm Lightstorm Entertainment with partner Lawrence Kasanoff . In 1991, Cameron served as executive producer for Point Break (1991), directed by Kathryn Bigelow . After
11340-616: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
11475-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
11610-440: The first time. Cameron later said that it did not feel like his first film due to power-struggles with Assonitis. Upon release of Piranha II: The Spawning , critics were not impressed; author Tim Healey called it "a marvellously bad movie which splices clichés from every conceivable source". In 1982, inspired by John Carpenter 's horror film Halloween (1978), as well as a nightmare about an invincible robot hit-man sent from
11745-519: The first to accomplish the trip alone. During his dive to the Challenger Deep, he discovered new species of sea cucumber , squid worm and a giant single-celled amoeba . He was preceded by unmanned dives in 1995 and 2009 , as well as by Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh , the first men to reach the bottom of the Mariana Trench aboard the bathyscaphe Trieste in 1960. In the aftermath of
11880-465: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
12015-455: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
12150-406: The future to assassinate him, Cameron wrote the script for The Terminator (1984), a sci-fi action film about a cyborg sent from the future to carry out a lethal mission. Cameron wanted to sell the script so that he could direct the film. Whilst some film studios expressed interest in the project, many executives were unwilling to let a new and unfamiliar director make the film. Gale Anne Hurd ,
12285-445: The global film industry; promote domestic and foreign film cooperation; explore the latest developments in film art and technology. The Film Master Class invites outstanding filmmakers from China and abroad to give lectures on topics such as their experience with filmmaking, their ideas on filmmaking, opportunities and challenges in film development, etc., share their most authentic career paths and most valuable life experiences, inherit
12420-469: The highest earner in Hollywood. As of 2022, Avatar and Titanic hold the achievement for being the first two of the six films in history to gross over $ 2 billion worldwide. As with Titanic , Landau would greatly assist Cameron as the co-producer of the Avatar films as well. In 2011, Cameron served as an executive producer for Sanctum , a disaster-survival film about a cave diving expedition which turns deadly. Although receiving mixed reviews,
12555-623: The honorary degree of doctor of the university in July 2004. Cameron accepted the award at the National Oceanography Centre . In 2008, Cameron received a star on Canada's Walk of Fame and a year later, received the 2,396th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . On February 28, 2010, Cameron was honored with a Visual Effects Society (VES) Lifetime Achievement Award. In June 2012, Cameron was inducted to The Science Fiction Hall of Fame at
12690-792: The inaugural Ray Bradbury Award from the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 1992 for Terminator 2: Judgment Day . In recognition of "a distinguished career as a Canadian filmmaker", Carleton University awarded Cameron the honorary degree of Doctor of Fine Arts on June 13, 1998. Cameron received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement in 1998, presented by Awards Council member George Lucas . He also received an honorary doctorate in 1998 from Brock University in St. Catharines, Ontario, for his accomplishments in
12825-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
12960-455: The international film industry. In 1998, Cameron attended a convocation to receive an honorary degree from Ryerson University , Toronto. The university awards its highest honor to those who have made extraordinary contributions in Canada or internationally. A year later, Cameron received the honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from California State University, Fullerton . He accepted the degree at
13095-470: The latter's death. Cameron had a strong interest in visiting the space stations Mir and International Space Station (ISS). He spent the summer of 2000 in Moscow getting ready for a potential trip to space, and was offered an opportunity to go by NASA. However, the trip did not include a visit to the space station, so he declined the offer as it did not align with his terms. The shuttle flight he turned down
13230-459: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
13365-857: The most expensive films to be produced, costing at least $ 94 million ($ 210 million in 2023 ). Despite the challenging use of computer-generated imagery (CGI), the film was completed on time and released on July 3, 1991. Terminator 2 broke box office records (including the opening weekend record for an R-rated film), earning over $ 200 million in North America and being the first to earn over $ 300 million worldwide (respectively over $ 447 million and $ 671 million in 2023 ). It won four Academy Awards: Best Makeup , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects. It also received nominations for Best Cinematography and Best Film Editing , but lost both to political thriller JFK (1991). In subsequent years, Cameron planned to do
13500-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
13635-474: The opportunity for theaters to install 3D projectors. Avatar broke several box office records during its initial theatrical run. It grossed $ 749.7 million in the United States and Canada and more than $ 2.74 billion worldwide, becoming the highest-grossing film of all time in the United States and Canada , surpassing Titanic . It was the first film to earn more than $ 2 billion worldwide. Avatar
13770-479: The order in February 2006. Although Cameron had written an 80-page treatment for Avatar in 1995, Cameron stated that he wanted the necessary technology to improve before starting production. Avatar , with the story line set in the mid-22nd century, had an estimated budget in excess of $ 300 million. The cast includes Sam Worthington , Zoe Saldana , Stephen Lang , Michelle Rodriguez and Sigourney Weaver . It
13905-594: The precious spiritual wealth of images and stories. It serves as a bridge between filmmakers and moviegoers. The Beijing College Student Film Festival was founded in 1993. It aims to inspire college students’ attention to Chinese films; discover young talents among college students in film theory and criticism; promote talent cultivation reserve for Chinese film theory talents; develop a Chinese film criticism career. Since its establishment in 2011 by Beijing International Film Festival, it has been merged into one of its parallel sections. Notable international guest speakers at
14040-511: The presidential election. Cameron resided in the United States, but after filming Avatar in New Zealand, Cameron bought a home and a farm there in 2012. He divided his time between Malibu, California and New Zealand until 2020, after which he sold his Malibu home and decided to live in New Zealand permanently. He said in August 2020: "I plan to make all my future films in New Zealand, and I see
14175-485: The project "due to his secular nature." Cameron had also planned to make a film about Spider-Man , a project developed by Menahem Golan of Cannon Films . Columbia hired David Koepp to adapt Cameron's ideas into a screenplay, but due to various disagreements, Cameron abandoned the project. In 2002, Spider-Man was released with the screenplay credited solely to Koepp. In 2000, Cameron made his debut in television and co-created Dark Angel with Charles H. Eglee ,
14310-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
14445-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
14580-525: The record for most wins with 1959's Ben-Hur , and 2003's The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King , including: Best Picture , Best Director , Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography, Best Visual Effects, Best Film Editing, Best Costume Design , Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Editing, Best Original Score and Best Original Song . Upon receiving Best Picture, Cameron and producer Jon Landau asked for
14715-530: The rights of not only The Last Train from Hiroshima , but also of Pellegrino's forthcoming Ghosts of Hiroshima , to make a "uncompromising theatrical epic motion picture" titled Last Train From Hiroshima about a Japanese man who survives Hiroshima's bombing at the height of World War II only to then take a train to Nagasaki's bombing, which he will shoot as soon as the Avatar sequels' production permits. Feeling that he and Pellegrino owe Yamaguchi for handing
14850-476: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
14985-609: The sea wilderness are explored in The Abyss and Titanic . The Terminator series amplifies technology as an enemy which could lead to devastation of mankind. Similarly, Avatar views tribal people as an honest group, whereas a "technologically advanced imperial culture is fundamentally evil". A danger for nuclear war, as featured in The Terminator , Terminator 2: Judgement Day and in his forthcoming Last Train From Hiroshima film, has been one of Cameron's fears since he watched
15120-461: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
15255-428: The shot, but he doesn't mind risking his own". In 2015, Weaver and Jamie Lee Curtis both applauded Cameron in an interview. Curtis remarked: "He can do every other job [than acting]. I'm talking about every single department, from art direction to props to wardrobe to cameras, he knows more than everyone doing the job". Curtis also said Cameron "loves actors", while Weaver referred to Cameron as "so generous to actors" and
15390-402: The success of The Terminator , there were discussions for a sequel, and by the late 1980s, Mario Kassar of Carolco Pictures secured the rights to the sequel, allowing Cameron to begin production of the film, Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991). Written by Cameron and William Wisher Jr. , Schwarzenegger and Linda Hamilton reprise their roles. The story follows on from Terminator , depicting
15525-485: The terror may strike at any moment". In 2008, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry , being deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In 1984, Cameron was hired to write a sequel to First Blood ; it was rewritten by Sylvester Stallone and released as Rambo: First Blood Part II . Cameron was then hired to write and direct
15660-695: The time it was the most expensive film ever made . Starting in 1995, Cameron took several dives to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean to capture footage of the wreck , which would later be used in the film. A replica of the ship was built in Rosarito Beach and principal photography began in September 1996. Titanic made headlines before its release, for being over-budget and exceeding its schedule. Cameron's completed screenplay depicts two star-crossed lovers, portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio and Kate Winslet , from different social classes who fall in love amid
15795-488: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
15930-817: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
16065-854: The university's summer annual commencement exercise. Cameron's work has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ; as one of the few directors to have won three Academy Awards in a single year. For Titanic , he won Best Director, Best Picture (shared with Jon Landau) and Best Film Editing (shared with Conrad Buff and Richard A. Harris ). In 2009, he was nominated for awards in Best Film Editing (shared with John Refoua and Stephen E. Rivkin , Best Director and Best Picture for Avatar. Cameron has won two Golden Globes: Best Director for Titanic and Avatar . In recognition of his contributions to underwater filming and remote vehicle technology, University of Southampton awarded Cameron
16200-516: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
16335-474: The world. It serves as an international venue for different cultures around the globe to communicate. The festival has two in-competition sections. The Tiantan Award Competition aims is to promote diversity in world cinema, and the Forward Future Competition aims to highlight first second features. As China's box office has expanded exponentially over the past decade, the festival aims to provide
16470-464: Was "for a lot of money". Despite this, Winslet and Cameron still looked for future projects, and Winslet was eventually cast in Avatar 2 . Her co-star Leonardo DiCaprio told Esquire : "When somebody felt a different way on the set, there was a confrontation. He lets you know exactly how he feels", but complimented Cameron, "he's of the lineage of John Ford . He knows what he wants his film to be." Sam Worthington, who starred in Avatar , said that if
16605-447: Was a box office success, generating over $ 130 million worldwide. The film was nominated for seven Academy Awards in 1987; Best Actress , Best Art Direction , Best Film Editing , Best Original Score and Best Sound . It won awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . In addition, Weaver and the film made the cover of Time in July 1986. After Aliens , Cameron and Gale Anne Hurd decided to make The Abyss ,
16740-461: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
16875-582: Was appointed as a Companion of the Order of Canada by Governor General Julie Payette , giving him the Post Nominal Letters "CC" for life. In 2020, Cameron was the subject of the second season of the Epicleff Media dramatic podcast Blockbuster . The audio drama, created and narrated by Emmy Award -winning journalist and filmmaker Matt Schrader , chronicles Cameron's life and career (leading up to
17010-440: Was born in 1993. Cameron married Hamilton in 1997. Amid speculation of an affair between Cameron and actress Suzy Amis , Cameron and Hamilton separated after two years of marriage, with Hamilton receiving a settlement of $ 50 million. He married Amis, his fifth wife, in 2000. They have one son and two daughters together. Cameron applied for American citizenship in 2004, but withdrew his application after George W. Bush won
17145-576: Was broadcast on Discovery Channel on March 4, 2007; the documentary was controversial for arguing that the Talpiot Tomb was the burial place of Jesus of Nazareth. By the mid-2000s, Cameron returned to directing and producing another mainstream film since Titanic . Cameron had displayed interest in making Avatar (2009) and Alita: Battle Angel (2019) as early as June 2005, with both films to be shot using 3D technology. He wanted to make Alita: Battle Angel first, followed by Avatar , but switched
17280-554: Was composed with a mix of live-action footage and computer-generated animation, using an advanced version of the performance capture technique, previously used by director Robert Zemeckis in The Polar Express . Cameron intended Avatar to be 3D-only but decided to adapt it for conventional viewing as well. Intended for release in May 2009, Avatar premiered on December 18, 2009. This delay allowed more time for post-production and
17415-410: Was critically and financially unsuccessful. In 1996, Cameron reunited with the cast of Terminator 2 to film T2 3-D: Battle Across Time , an attraction at Universal Studios Florida , and in other parks around the world. His next major project was Titanic (1997), an epic about RMS Titanic , which sank in 1912 after striking an iceberg. With a production budget of $ 200 million, at
17550-429: Was finally released in 2019, after being in parallel development with Avatar . Written by Cameron and friend Jon Landau, the film was directed by Robert Rodriguez and produced by Cameron. The film is based on a 1990s Japanese manga series Battle Angel Alita , depicting a cyborg who cannot remember anything of her past life and tries to uncover the truth. Produced with similar techniques and technology as in Avatar,
17685-495: Was married to Sharon Williams from 1978 to 1984. A year after he and Williams divorced, Cameron married film producer Gale Anne Hurd , a close collaborator for his 1980s films. They divorced in 1989. Soon after separating from Hurd, Cameron met the director Kathryn Bigelow , whom he wed in 1989; they divorced in 1991. Cameron then began a relationship with Linda Hamilton , the lead actress in The Terminator series. Their daughter
17820-505: Was more suitable as the cyborg villain due to his bodybuilder appearance. Henriksen was given a smaller role instead. Michael Biehn and Linda Hamilton also joined the cast. The Terminator was a box office success, exceeding expectations set by Orion Pictures , and earning over $ 78 million worldwide. George Perry of the BBC praised Cameron's direction, writing "Cameron laces the action with ironic jokes, but never lets up on hinting that
17955-568: Was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director, and won three: Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects. In July 2010, an extended theatrical re-release generated an additional $ 33.2 million worldwide (equivalent to $ 45,300,000 in 2023) at the box office. In his mixed review, Sukhdev Sandhu of The Telegraph complimented the 3D, but opined that Cameron "should have been more brutal in his editing". That year, Vanity Fair reported that Cameron's earnings were US$ 257 million, making him
18090-665: Was not a sportsman but instead enjoyed building things that "either went up into the air or into the deep". After high school, Cameron enrolled at Fullerton College , a community college in 1973 to study physics. He switched subjects to English, but left the college at the end of 1974. Cameron worked odd jobs, including as a truck driver and a high school janitor. He drank beer, frequently consumed cannabis and LSD , and wrote in his free time. During this period, he learned about special effects by reading other students' work on " optical printing , or front screen projection , or dye transfers , anything that related to film technology " at
18225-429: Was the tragic 2003 Space Shuttle Columbia disaster . Cameron attended the memorial service for the victims of the disaster. In June 2013, British artist Roger Dean filed a copyright complaint against Cameron, seeking damages of $ 50 million (equivalent to $ 64,500,000 in 2023). Relating to Avatar , Cameron was accused of "wilful and deliberate copying, dissemination and exploitation" of Dean's original images;
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