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39-465: The film is an origin-story offshoot of Gosha's 1963 Japanese television series of the same name, with the same lead actors, Tetsuro Tamba , Isamu Nagato , and Mikijirō Hira . The film involves a wandering ronin who finds himself involved with two other samurai who are hired to execute a band of peasants who have kidnapped the daughter of a corrupt magistrate. Wandering ronin Sakon Shiba arrives at

78-419: A 2014 Eisner Award for Best Scholarly/Academic Work), edited by Charles Hatfield (Professor at University of Connecticut), Jeet Heer (Toronto-based journalist), and Kent Worcester (Professor of Political Science at Marymount Manhattan College ), the editors write in "Section One: Historical Considerations": "Almost all superheroes have an origin story: a bedrock account of the transformative events that set

117-399: A fundamental driving force. These include: Other authors, such as Margaret Hartwell and Joshua Chen, go further to give these 12 archetypes families 5 archetypes each. They are as follows: There is also the position that the use of archetypes in different ways is possible because every archetype has multiple manifestations, with each one featuring different attributes. For instance, there

156-429: A group of peasants in order to convince them to deliver the petition to the lord. They timidly refuse; incensed, Shiba runs to kill the magistrate, but Aya throws herself in front of her father, imploring Shiba to save his life. The magistrate attempts to run, but Shiba chops off his hair bun, telling him to let the lord and the peasants "see his disgrace". Shiba returns to the other outlaws, and, uncertain of their futures,

195-550: A group to fighting against them in one brief shot, as in Three Outlaw Samurai . These characters may be simple, but Gosha’s real interest is in the portrait of society he is creating—and that is anything but." Glenn Erickson , in an article for Turner Classic Movies published after the Criterion Collection Blu-ray release, wrote: "[I]t's an impressively well-told story with interesting characters and

234-424: A mill where three peasants (Yohachi, Gosaku, and Jinbei) have kidnapped the local magistrate's daughter Aya. A dispatch of the magistrate's soldiers arrive and propose clemency in exchange for Aya's return; the kidnappers refuse, stating that the hostage will not be freed until the regional lord agrees to lower taxes for the starving peasantry. The soldiers attempt a sneak attack, but are rebuffed. The lord then assigns

273-442: A new party, including his samurai Kikyo and the vagabond samurai Kyojuro Sakura, to end the standoff. Shiba meets the new party in front of the mill and convinces Sakura to switch sides, since he sympathizes with the peasants' plight. His second rescue having been unsuccessful, the magistrate puts together a new group of mercenaries to carry out the job, and takes his own hostage, Gosaku's daughter Yasu. Confronted with Yasu's capture,

312-400: A pair of elite samurai, who become responsible for hunting down the outlaws and recovering the petition. The elite samurai first attack Kikyo, wounding him, and stab his lover Omaki to death before he kills both of them; Kikyo finally decides he, too, will switch sides, and joins the other two outlaws at the mill. Sakura visits a love interest, Oine, and finds she is being held at knifepoint by

351-460: A standard and recurring depiction in a particular human culture or the whole human race that ultimately lays concrete pillars and can shape the whole structure in a literary work. Christopher Booker , author of The Seven Basic Plots: Why We Tell Stories , argues that the following basic archetypes underlie all stories: These themes coincide with the characters of Jung's archetypes. Archetypal literary criticism argues that archetypes determine

390-418: A surprise in every scene. Gosha and his writers Keiichi Abe and Eizaburo Shiba work clever games with the standard samurai archetypes: all are present, yet they refuse to accept their traditional roles. Gosha's thriller soon lets us know that it is not going to be yet another simplistic morality play about honor and loyalty....[Gosha] makes Three Outlaw Samurai a thorough critique of authoritarian society and

429-416: Is a tendency to form such representations of a motif—representations that can vary a great deal in detail without losing their basic pattern. While there are a variety of categorizations of archetypes, Jung's configuration is perhaps the most well known and serves as the foundation for many other models. The four major archetypes to emerge from his work, which Jung originally terms primordial images, include

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468-438: Is about transformation, about identity, about difference, and about the tension between psychological rigidity and a flexible and fluid sense of human nature. ... When surveying the superhero genre, preliminary questions often turn to the problem of roots." The book has a wealth of pertinent bibliographies. English professors Alex Romagnoli and Gian S. Pagnucci, of Indiana University of Pennsylvania , discuss in their book Enter

507-463: Is an account or backstory revealing how a character or group of people become a protagonist or antagonist . In American comic books , it also refers to how characters gained their superpowers and/or the circumstances under which they became superheroes or supervillains . In order to keep their characters current, comic book companies, as well as cartoon companies, game companies, children's show companies, and toy companies, frequently rewrite

546-620: Is tempting to think of Forms as mental entities (ideas) that exist only in our mind, the philosopher insisted that they are independent of any minds (real). Eidos were collective in the sense that they embodied the fundamental characteristics of a thing rather than its specific peculiarities. In the seventeenth century, Sir Thomas Browne and Francis Bacon both employ the word archetype in their writings; Browne in The Garden of Cyrus (1658) attempted to depict archetypes in his usage of symbolic proper-names. The concept of psychological archetypes

585-497: Is the position that the function of the archetype must be approached according to the context of biological sciences and is accomplished through the concept of the ultimate function. This pertains to the organism's response to those pressures in terms of biological trait. Later in the 1900s, a Viennese psychologist named Dr. Ernest Dichter took these psychological constructs and applied them to marketing. Dichter moved to New York around 1939 and sent every ad agency on Madison Avenue

624-428: The " hero "; symbols such as the apple or the snake; and imagery) and that have all been laden with meaning prior to their inclusion in any particular work. The archetypes reveal shared roles universal among societies, such as the role of the mother in her natural relations with all members of the family. These archetypes create a shared imagery which is defined by many stereotypes that have not separated themselves from

663-518: The 1540s. It derives from the Latin noun archetypum , latinization of the Greek noun ἀρχέτυπον ( archétypon ), whose adjective form is ἀρχέτυπος ( archétypos ), which means "first-molded", which is a compound of ἀρχή archḗ , "beginning, origin", and τύπος týpos , which can mean, among other things, "pattern", "model", or "type". It, thus, referred to the beginning or origin of

702-606: The Superheroes: American Values, Culture, and the Canon of Superhero Literature "the nature of superhero origin stories and how the writing of these origin stories helps make superhero narratives a unique literary genre." For example, they write, "Superheroes get very complicated when it comes to their histories, but one part of their stories remains forever constant and important. Even more than 'death' stories, crossovers , event stories, and attire changes, origin stories are

741-648: The aid of the dispossessed. But Gosha's personal obsessions are all over the film, particularly in his depiction of the loss of honor through blind loyalty (and its liberating opposite, the regaining of honor by betrayal), and in the sharp contrast he makes between the refined, comforting worlds of power and social duty and the wild, almost animalistic existence of those who choose freedom. And unlike Kurosawa, whose characters tend to be classically drawn and endlessly layered, Gosha often works in broad strokes: his characters are archetypes , which he then deconstructs and plays off one another. A samurai can go from fighting alongside

780-513: The anima/animus, the self, the shadow, and the persona. Additionally, Jung referred to images of the wise old man, the child, the mother, and the maiden. He believed that each human mind retains these basic unconscious understandings of the human condition and the collective knowledge of our species in the construct of the collective unconscious . Other authors, such as Carol Pearson and Margaret Mark, have attributed 12 different archetypes to Jung, organized in three overarching categories, based on

819-602: The core of superheroes' existences. Origins not only reflect the sociohistorical contexts in which heroes were created, but they also reflect a culture's understanding of what makes superheroes storytelling unique vehicles." Thereafter, Romagnoli and Pagnucci go on to explain why the origin story is as important to the audience as to the generations of writers who continue heroic tales. Randy Duncan (comics scholar and professor of communication, Henderson State University, Arkadelphia, Arkansas) and Matthew J. Smith (Department of Communication, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio) use

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858-405: The dungeon. Aya finds Shiba crawling through the house and hides him, as she is now also convinced of Shiba's and the peasants' virtue. Shiba and Sakura decamp to the mill, and Sakura stumbles upon the lost petition while filling a bucket of water at a stream. The magistrate, having grown increasingly anxious at the impending visit of the regional lord, orders most of his mercenaries to be killed by

897-445: The following: Archetypes are also very close analogies to instincts , in that, long before any consciousness develops, it is the impersonal and inherited traits of human beings that present and motivate human behavior. They also continue to influence feelings and behavior even after some degree of consciousness developed later on. The word archetype , "original pattern from which copies are made," first entered into English usage in

936-403: The form and function of literary works and that a text 's meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths. Cultural archetypes are the unknowable basic forms personified or made concrete by recurring images , symbols , or patterns (which may include motifs such as the " quest " or the " heavenly ascent "; recognizable character types such as the " trickster ", " saint ", " martyr " or

975-496: The magistrate's men. He divulges the location of the petition – the mill – in exchange for her freedom, and is let go. Ouchi, the best swordsman in the land, arrives in anticipation of the regional lord's visit and brings a large posse of samurai to attack the mill once again. Shiba and Kikyo take on the massive force, and Sakura arrives in the middle of the battle, having decided that loyalty to his fellow samurai outweighs devotion to his new love. Shiba defeats Ouchi and then chases down

1014-732: The origin story of Spider-Man as an example of how a character can be created by the persistence of a writer who has definite preferences in creating a character's personality, even if the publisher resists. "It is difficult to discern which is more often told: Spider-Man's origin or the tales told around that origin. All reveal fascinating aspects of a teenage loner fatefully 'bitten by a radioactive spider' to find himself with 'the proportionate strength and agility of an arachnid'." Duncan and Smith explain how Stan Lee butted heads with publisher Martin Goodman , who worried about an "ick factor," but Lee prevailed. "The entire Spider-Man concept resonates with

1053-487: The origins of their oldest characters. This goes from adding details that do not contradict earlier facts to a totally new origin which makes it seem that it is an altogether different character. A pourquoi story , also dubbed an "origin story", is also used in mythology , referring to narratives of how a world began, how creatures and plants came into existence, and why certain things in the cosmos have certain yet distinct qualities. In The Superhero Reader (nominated for

1092-424: The pattern, model or type. Usage of archetypes in specific pieces of writing is a holistic approach , which can help the writing win universal acceptance. This is because readers can relate to and identify with the characters and the situation, both socially and culturally. By deploying common archetypes contextually, a writer aims to impart realism to their work. According to many literary critics, archetypes have

1131-422: The peasants and mercenaries make an agreement: Aya will be freed, and the peasants will go unharmed, so long as Shiba takes 100 blows as punishment. All parties swear on their honor to uphold the agreement. Shiba is taken into custody and whipped. Aya witnesses Shiba's cruel punishment and begs her father to show mercy. Shiba's savage beating nevertheless continues, and he vows revenge on the magistrate for breaking

1170-402: The primary attributes of many genres and traditions," the authors say. "Like a heady puree of [Mary] Shelley's Frankenstein , Bob Kane 's Batman , and Franz Kafka's Metamorphosis , Spider-Man's origin invokes gothic and crime fiction motifs like the ostracized genius, doomed loved ones, the misuse or misfiring of science, the gritty noir city, the driven vigilante, and the fateful 'return of

1209-403: The protagonist apart from ordinary humanity. If not a prerequisite for the superhero genre, the origin... is certainly a prominent and popular trope that recurs so frequently as to offer clues to the nature of this narrative tradition. To read stories about destroyed worlds, murdered parents, genetic mutations, and mysterious power-giving wizards is to realize the degree to which the superhero genre

Three Outlaw Samurai - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-461: The repressed' ." The authors proceed to investigate these various issues of the origin story. Archetype The concept of an archetype ( / ˈ ɑːr k ɪ t aɪ p / AR -ki-type ; from Ancient Greek ἄρχω árkhō  'to begin' and τύπος túpos  'sort, type') appears in areas relating to behavior , historical psychology , philosophy and literary analysis . An archetype can be any of

1287-602: The same time, it has also been observed that evolution can itself be considered an archetypal construct. Jung states in part one of Man And His Symbols that: My views about the 'archaic remnants', which I call 'archetypes' or 'primordial images,' have been constantly criticized by people who lack sufficient knowledge of the psychology of dreams and of mythology. The term 'archetype' is often misunderstood as meaning certain definite mythological images or motifs, but these are nothing more than conscious representations. Such variable representations cannot be inherited. The archetype

1326-443: The samurai code of honor. The magistrate orders the killing of Yohachi, Gosaku, and Jinbei, but Jinbei throws a signed petition for the regional lord into a river just before his murder. Sakura sneaks into the magistrate's house and tells a servant maiden of the peasants' murders. Shocked at the magistrate's treachery, she frees Shiba and is then killed by the dungeon guard. Kikyo arrives and, moved by Shiba's integrity, lets him escape

1365-642: The three choose a direction at random to walk. The film was released in Japan on May 13, 1964. On February 14, 2012, the Criterion Collection released a DVD and Blu-ray of the film. Bilge Ebiri , commissioned by Criterion Collection to write an essay on the film, wrote: " Three Outlaw Samurai is a supremely confident big-screen debut, whose surface simplicity masks a scathing vision of society lurking beneath. In some ways, it recalls Kurosawa 's samurai narratives, with its tale of renegade rōnin who come to

1404-438: The traditional honor code of the samurai. In Gosha's view the oppressive forces are money, power and class. The magistrate subscribes to no code except his own convenience and prestige. The only honor to be found in is therefore the opposition of unjust authority." Rian Johnson has said that Three Outlaw Samurai influenced the writing of his film Star Wars: The Last Jedi . Origin-story In fiction, an origin story

1443-416: The traditional, biological, religious, and mythical framework. The origins of the archetypal hypothesis date as far back as Plato . Plato's eidos , or ideas , were pure mental forms that were said to be imprinted in the soul before it was born into the world. Some philosophers also translate the archetype as "essence" in order to avoid confusion with respect to Plato's conceptualization of Forms. While it

1482-537: The way in which Jung meant them. In Jung's psychological framework, archetypes are innate, libidinally collective schemas , universal prototypes for idea- sensory impression images and may be used to interpret observations. A group of memories and interpretations associated with an archetype is a complex (e.g. a mother complex associated with the mother archetype). Jung treated the archetypes as psychological organs, analogous to physical ones in that both are morphological constructs that arose through evolution . At

1521-782: Was advanced by the Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung , c. 1919. Jung has acknowledged that his conceptualization of archetype is influenced by Plato's eidos , which he described as "the formulated meaning of a primordial image by which it was represented symbolically." According to Jung, the term archetype is an explanatory paraphrase of the Platonic eidos , also believed to represent the word form . He maintained that Platonic archetypes are metaphysical ideas, paradigms, or models, and that real things are held to be only copies of these model ideas. However, archetypes are not easily recognizable in Plato's works in

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